new horizons - university of sydney · new horizons 10291029days since launch days since launch...

NEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONS

NASANASANASANASANASANASANASANASA’’’’’’’’s Plutos Plutos Plutos Plutos Plutos Plutos Plutos Pluto--------Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:Kuiper Belt Mission:

““““““““The First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth PlanetThe First Mission To the Ninth Planet

And the Solar SystemAnd the Solar SystemAnd the Solar SystemAnd the Solar SystemAnd the Solar SystemAnd the Solar SystemAnd the Solar SystemAnd the Solar System’’’’’’’’s Third Zones Third Zones Third Zones Third Zones Third Zones Third Zones Third Zones Third Zone””””””””

NEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONS� 1029102910291029 Days Since LaunchDays Since LaunchDays Since LaunchDays Since Launch

� 0625 Days Since Jupiter0625 Days Since Jupiter0625 Days Since Jupiter0625 Days Since Jupiter

� 2433 Days Still To Pluto2433 Days Still To Pluto2433 Days Still To Pluto2433 Days Still To Pluto

NEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONSNEW HORIZONS

A MISSION OF FIRSTSA MISSION OF FIRSTSA MISSION OF FIRSTSA MISSION OF FIRSTS

Pluto was discovered in January-February 1930, by Clyde Tombaugh at Lowell Observatory, Arizona.

PLUTOPLUTOPLUTOPLUTO’’’’S DISCOVERYS DISCOVERYS DISCOVERYS DISCOVERY

� Pluto is a Small, Distant World� <1% Mars’s Max Apparent Diameter (0.1 arcsec)� And 50,000 times fainter than Mars (V~14)

BEST HST IMAGESBEST HST IMAGESBEST HST IMAGESBEST HST IMAGES

� Strong Surface VariegationStrong Surface VariegationStrong Surface VariegationStrong Surface Variegation

� Polar FeaturesPolar FeaturesPolar FeaturesPolar Features

� Stern, Buie, & Trafton (1997)Stern, Buie, & Trafton (1997)Stern, Buie, & Trafton (1997)Stern, Buie, & Trafton (1997)

HST Observations (1994):HST Observations (1994):HST Observations (1994):HST Observations (1994):

True Color Map(Young et al.)

N2

PlutoPlutoPlutoPluto’’’’s surface contains s surface contains s surface contains s surface contains

at least three volatiles, at least three volatiles, at least three volatiles, at least three volatiles,

each with different each with different each with different each with different

physiophysiophysiophysio----chemical chemical chemical chemical

properties.properties.properties.properties.

CO

SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITIONCOMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION

CO

� CH4 discovered 1976.� N2 and CO ices were

discovered in the 1990s.� The CH4 and CO

distribution is patchy.� N2 dominates ~10:1.

Douté et al 1999, Icarus 142

� First detected in 1985 and 1988 by a clear refractive signature, seen in stellar occultations; the surface pressure is ~10 µbar.

� N2, CO, & CH4, plus trace photo- chemical species.

� Evidence for haze and/or temperature T(z) structure.

� Strong seasonal effects are expected.

� The atmosphere is likely hydrodynamically escaping,several km of ices lost in 4 Gyr.

� Both the 2002 and 2006 occultations revealed distinct structural & pressure changes.

ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHEREATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE

Quasi-Bound

AND A CHANGED AND A CHANGED AND A CHANGED AND A CHANGED ATMOSPHERE NOWATMOSPHERE NOWATMOSPHERE NOWATMOSPHERE NOW

2006 June 12/AAT Occultation LightcurveDick French and Kevin Shoemaker

SwRI/Lowell/Wellesley Team

� Charon was discovered, by accident, in July 1978 by Jim Christyof the U.S. Naval Observatory.� Charon is in synchronous orbit ~19,400 km from Plut o, and spin-spin-orbit locked with a 6.4 day period.� Charon’s surface is covered in H 2O-ice; there is no detectable atmosphere.

0.9 arc-sec

PLUTOPLUTOPLUTOPLUTO’’’’S LARGE MOON: S LARGE MOON: S LARGE MOON: S LARGE MOON: CHARONCHARONCHARONCHARON

BUT THIS DOUBLE SYSTEM BUT THIS DOUBLE SYSTEM BUT THIS DOUBLE SYSTEM BUT THIS DOUBLE SYSTEM IS A QUADRUPLEIS A QUADRUPLEIS A QUADRUPLEIS A QUADRUPLE

Nix

Hydra

Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, et al. (2005)

A giant impact origin for Pluto-Charon was first suggested in the 1980s (McKinnon 1984, 1989).

SATELLITE ORIGIN SATELLITE ORIGIN SATELLITE ORIGIN SATELLITE ORIGIN

The giant impact was further strengthened by the discoveries of Nix and Hydra in co-planar orbits to Charon.

Numerical models seem incapable of plausibly producing Charon otherwise (Stern, McKinnon, & Lunine 1997; Canup 2005).

Pluto is a primarily rocky, not icy body!

From the Densities of Pluto & Charon, From the Densities of Pluto & Charon, From the Densities of Pluto & Charon, From the Densities of Pluto & Charon,

One Can Derive Crude Interior ModelsOne Can Derive Crude Interior ModelsOne Can Derive Crude Interior ModelsOne Can Derive Crude Interior Models

DONDONDONDON’’’’T JUDGE THIS BOOKT JUDGE THIS BOOKT JUDGE THIS BOOKT JUDGE THIS BOOKBY ITS COVERBY ITS COVERBY ITS COVERBY ITS COVER

A Dwarf Planet and A True Binary WorldA Dwarf Planet and A True Binary WorldA Dwarf Planet and A True Binary WorldA Dwarf Planet and A True Binary World

PLUTO HERALDED A PLUTO HERALDED A PLUTO HERALDED A PLUTO HERALDED A NEW CLASS OF PLANETNEW CLASS OF PLANETNEW CLASS OF PLANETNEW CLASS OF PLANET

� Charon’s radius is 50% of Pluto’s.

� Charon’s mass is about 10% of Pluto’s.

� The mutual barycenter is between the two.

LONE MISFIT?LONE MISFIT?LONE MISFIT?LONE MISFIT?

Old View:Old View:Old View:Old View:

4 Terrestrial Planets4 Terrestrial Planets4 Terrestrial Planets4 Terrestrial Planets

4 Giant Planets4 Giant Planets4 Giant Planets4 Giant Planets

1 Misfit Pluto1 Misfit Pluto1 Misfit Pluto1 Misfit Pluto

MISFIT NOT!PLUTO’S ABOUND

New View:New View:New View:New View:

4 Terrestrial Planets4 Terrestrial Planets4 Terrestrial Planets4 Terrestrial Planets

4 Giant Planets4 Giant Planets4 Giant Planets4 Giant Planets

Perhaps 1000 Dwarf PlanetsPerhaps 1000 Dwarf PlanetsPerhaps 1000 Dwarf PlanetsPerhaps 1000 Dwarf Planets

US DECADAL SURVEY:US DECADAL SURVEY:US DECADAL SURVEY:US DECADAL SURVEY:PLUTOPLUTOPLUTOPLUTO----KUIPER BELT MISSIONKUIPER BELT MISSIONKUIPER BELT MISSIONKUIPER BELT MISSION

A Reconnaissance Expedition To Pluto-Charon & the Kuiper Belt

The Highest Priority Medium-Scale Mission New Start

Of The Planetary Decadal Survey

NASANASANASANASA’’’’S PLUTO MISSION S PLUTO MISSION S PLUTO MISSION S PLUTO MISSION MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVESMEASUREMENT OBJECTIVESMEASUREMENT OBJECTIVESMEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES

Group 1 Objectives: Characterize the global geology and morphology of Pluto and Charon Map surface composition of Pluto and Charon Characterize the neutral atmosphere of Pluto and its escape rate

Group 2 Objectives: Characterize the time variability of Pluto's surface and atmosphere Image Pluto and Charon in stereo Map the terminators of Pluto and Charon with high resolution Map the composition of selected areas of Pluto & Charon at high resolution Characterize Pluto's ionosphere and solar wind interaction Search for neutral species including H, H2, HCN, and CxHy, and other

hydrocarbons and nitriles in Pluto's upper atmosphere Search for an atmosphere around Charon Determine bolometric Bond albedos for Pluto and Charon Map the surface temperatures of Pluto and Charon

Group 3 Objectives: Characterize the energetic particle environment of Pluto and Charon Refine bulk parameters (radii, masses, densities) and orbits of Pluto & Charon Search for magnetic fields of Pluto and Charon Search for additional satellites and rings

Required

Desired

Important

SO WE PROPOSED IT, SO WE PROPOSED IT, SO WE PROPOSED IT, SO WE PROPOSED IT, WON IT, AND BUILT ITWON IT, AND BUILT ITWON IT, AND BUILT ITWON IT, AND BUILT IT

2002200220022002----2005200520052005

AT THE CAPE: AT THE CAPE: AT THE CAPE: AT THE CAPE: NOV 2005NOV 2005NOV 2005NOV 2005

SPACECRAFT BLOCKSPACECRAFT BLOCKSPACECRAFT BLOCKSPACECRAFT BLOCKDIAGRAMDIAGRAMDIAGRAMDIAGRAM

Stillworking

PowerSwitchingCommands

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1PPSCrossStrap #1

1PPSCrossStrap #2

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BP

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BP

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BP

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ExternalShuntsInternalShunts

Cat. Bed TempSensorsOn AllREAs

RS

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Obs. Power Bus (30V +/- 1V)

StarTracker

POWER

GUIDANCE& CONTROL

ComponentPower

I2 C

Mil Std 1553 Bus

LNA

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C&DH (PCI Backplane)

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StarTracker

SS

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InternalHeaters

THERMALCONTROL

INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #1

INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #2

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LVD

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PROPULSION

PressureTransducer

C4 D4

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TWTA

1PPSCrossStrap #1

DC/DC Converter, Uplink/DownlinkDC/DC Converter, IEM Digital

DC/DC Converter, Uplink/DownlinkDC/DC Converter, IEM Digital

Fine SunSensors

Con

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(3)

PDB(2)

IMU

IMU

Sun PulseSensors

1553

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STRUCTURE

HARNESS

FLIGHT SOFTWAREC&DH 4.1G&C 4.0Boot 3.8

Autonomy 15

COMMAND & DATA HANDLING

Legend

Checked Out OKNot Checked OutChecked Out With IssueCheckout Not Planned

Modes and States

AS-N

PS-N

PS-H

3A-N

3A-E

AS-EA

AS-SAAS-T

PS-T

3A-T

As of 9/28/07

SCIENTIFIC PAYLOADSCIENTIFIC PAYLOADSCIENTIFIC PAYLOADSCIENTIFIC PAYLOADInstruments:

� REX radio science & radiometry� RALPH VIS/IR imaging & spectroscopy� ALICE UV imaging spectroscopy� LORRI High-resolution imager� SWAP plasma spectrometer� PEPSSI energetic particle spectrometer� SDC EPO Student Dust Counter

PAYLOADPAYLOADPAYLOADPAYLOADFUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCYFUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCYFUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCYFUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY

OUR ATLAS V 551 OUR ATLAS V 551 OUR ATLAS V 551 OUR ATLAS V 551 LAUNCH VEHICLELAUNCH VEHICLELAUNCH VEHICLELAUNCH VEHICLE

Centaur InterstageAdapter (12.5 ft Dia)

CCB CylindricalInterstage Adapter

RD-180 Engine Common CoreBooster TM (CCB)

SingleRL10 Engine

CentaurUpperStage

5-meter Short PayloadFairing (68 ft)

Solid RocketBoosters

Aft TransitionSkirt/Heat Shield

5-MeterPayload FairingBoattail

CentaurAft StubAdapter

Centaur ForwardLoad Reactor

PayloadAdapter (PLA)

Centaur ConicalInterstage Adapter

FINISHING TOUCHESFINISHING TOUCHESFINISHING TOUCHESFINISHING TOUCHES

ALL ABOARD!ALL ABOARD!ALL ABOARD!ALL ABOARD!

LAUNCH: 19 JAN 2006LAUNCH: 19 JAN 2006LAUNCH: 19 JAN 2006LAUNCH: 19 JAN 2006GOING SUPERSONIC!GOING SUPERSONIC!GOING SUPERSONIC!GOING SUPERSONIC!

ROUTE OF FLIGHTROUTE OF FLIGHTROUTE OF FLIGHTROUTE OF FLIGHT

CRUISE 1 OPSCRUISE 1 OPSCRUISE 1 OPSCRUISE 1 OPS

Notes:1. Timeline not to scale.2. AU is Obs. distance from Earth

L+60

(9wks) Instrument Calibration,Commissioning, MVIC OpNav(L+165), Interference test

5x8 2x8 5x8 2x8 3x8 2,7,9,5,3,3,3x8h/wk 2x8h/wk 3x8h/wk 2x8h/wk 7x8 3x8

Solar ConjunctionDOY 323-331

L+365

(5wks) InstrumentCalibration &Commissioning 3A

90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330

Instr. Comm. (4wks)

PS-HibernationPS-NormalPS-TCM

AS-NormalAS-TCMAS-EAAS-SA

3A-Normal3A-Encounter3A-TCM

L+75 CDH 3.5 load

L+305 (DOY286)Autonomy Rel. 14

L+211 (DOY 230) CDH 4.1 load

L+253 (DOY 272)GC 4.0 load

L+ 64 Autonomy Rel. 12d

L+ 106 Autonomy Rel. 12e

3A-Enc mode c/o

Autonomy Rel. 13(DOY 188)

InstrumentCalibration &Commissioning Spin Mode

InstrumentCalibration &Commissioning Spin Mode

JUPITER FLYBYJUPITER FLYBYJUPITER FLYBYJUPITER FLYBY

Jupiter science included studies of Jovian meteorology, satellite geology and composition,Auroral phenomena, and magnetospheric physics.

32 RJupiterRange

28 Feb 2007C/A Date

JUPITER OBJECTIVESJUPITER OBJECTIVESJUPITER OBJECTIVESJUPITER OBJECTIVES

SUCCESS: SUCCESS: SUCCESS: SUCCESS:

A BEVY OF A BEVY OF A BEVY OF A BEVY OF NEW NEW NEW NEW

RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS

JOVIAN JOVIAN JOVIAN JOVIAN METEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY

WE OBSERVED IO WE OBSERVED IO WE OBSERVED IO WE OBSERVED IO ERUPTIONS GALOREERUPTIONS GALOREERUPTIONS GALOREERUPTIONS GALORE

� At least 11 volcanic At least 11 volcanic At least 11 volcanic At least 11 volcanic

Plumes were detected.Plumes were detected.Plumes were detected.Plumes were detected.

� We obtained the most We obtained the most We obtained the most We obtained the most

detailed view ever of a detailed view ever of a detailed view ever of a detailed view ever of a

plume on Io.plume on Io.plume on Io.plume on Io.

� Tvashtar is near IoTvashtar is near IoTvashtar is near IoTvashtar is near Io’’’’ssss

North pole: always visible.North pole: always visible.North pole: always visible.North pole: always visible.

� Tvashtar stretches ~340Tvashtar stretches ~340Tvashtar stretches ~340Tvashtar stretches ~340

km above the surface.km above the surface.km above the surface.km above the surface.

Tvashtar

Prometheus

Masubi

Io night side illuminated by Jupiter

TVASHTAR MOVIETVASHTAR MOVIETVASHTAR MOVIETVASHTAR MOVIE� 5 frames

� 8 minutes

� First direct measurements of plume dynamics.First direct measurements of plume dynamics.First direct measurements of plume dynamics.First direct measurements of plume dynamics.

� Ejection speed ~1 km/sec.Ejection speed ~1 km/sec.Ejection speed ~1 km/sec.Ejection speed ~1 km/sec.

� Acceleration during descent.Acceleration during descent.Acceleration during descent.Acceleration during descent.

� Apparently nonApparently nonApparently nonApparently non----ballistic trajectories.ballistic trajectories.ballistic trajectories.ballistic trajectories.

TVASHTAR MOVIETVASHTAR MOVIETVASHTAR MOVIETVASHTAR MOVIE� 5 frames5 frames5 frames5 frames

� 8 minutes8 minutes8 minutes8 minutes

VOLCANOES & RINGSVOLCANOES & RINGSVOLCANOES & RINGSVOLCANOES & RINGS

MAGNETOTAIL MAGNETOTAIL MAGNETOTAIL MAGNETOTAIL EXPLORATIONEXPLORATIONEXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Flying down JupiterFlying down JupiterFlying down JupiterFlying down Jupiter’’’’s deep magnetotail to s deep magnetotail to s deep magnetotail to s deep magnetotail to perform the first traverse through a perform the first traverse through a perform the first traverse through a perform the first traverse through a giant giant giant giant

planetplanetplanetplanet’’’’s s s s magnetotail. magnetotail. magnetotail. magnetotail.

~300 RJ

Equatorial PlaneEquatorial Plane

NoonNoon--Midnight PlaneMidnight Plane

+90 days @ 2000 RJ

Former Terra Incognita

Farwell Jupiter

CRUISE 2 OVERVIEWCRUISE 2 OVERVIEWCRUISE 2 OVERVIEWCRUISE 2 OVERVIEW




2014 (6/14-8/14)Annual c/o#8TCM 15 Pluto Rehearsal 2

Weekly Beacon, monthly TM. contact in PS-H. 2-3x8h/wk for Annual C/O 7x 8h/d for Precess TCMs in 3A-TCM or AS-TCM

P-200

2008 (9/08-12/08)Annual c/o #2

J+120

Precess11/20/07

Precess12/27/07

Precess12/18/08

2007 (9/07-11/07)Annual c/o #1

2010 (9/10-11/10)Annual c/o #4TCM 11 (P-5y)

2009 (9/09-11/09)Annual c/o #3TCM 10Pluto Rehearsal 1

2011 (9/11-11/11)Annual c/o #5TCM 12

2012 (6/12-8/12)Annual c/o #6TCM 13 (P-3y)

2013 (6/13-8/13)Annual c/o #7TCM 14

Precess06/11/10

Precess11/25/11

Precess12/11/12

Precess12/10/10

Precess10/13/13

OpNavs last annual c/o: 1 every 12hrs for 7 days

Precess05/29/08

Precess06/09/09

Precess12/13/09

Precess06/15/11

Precess12/20/13

P-1yr

Phase inPS-H

Deep Dormancy

THENTHENTHENTHEN————IN 2015IN 2015IN 2015IN 2015————WHAT WE CAME FORWHAT WE CAME FORWHAT WE CAME FORWHAT WE CAME FOR

� Jan-Mar: Observatory Phase� April: Begin Approach Phase� 14 July: Closest Approach� Aug-Dec: Data Downlink

ENCOUNTER PHASESENCOUNTER PHASESENCOUNTER PHASESENCOUNTER PHASES

DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJanAP1 AP2 DP2 DP3

AP3 DP1NEP

Name Timing relative to Pluto c/a Absolutte time

Approach phase 1 (AP1) P-6 months to P-101 days 2015 Jan 8-2015 Apr 4 (does not extend before conjuction)

Approach phase 2 (AP2) P-100 days to P-22 days 2015 Apr 5 - 2015 Jun 22

Approach phase 3 (AP3) P-21 day to P-24 hours 2015 Jun 23-2015 July 13 11: 59: 59

Near encounter phase (NEP) P-24 hours to P+24 hours 2015 July 13 12: 00-2015 July 15 12: 00

Departure phase 1 (DP1) P+24 hours to P+21 day 2015 July 15 12: 00: 01-2015 Aug 4

Departure phase 2 (DP2) P+22 day to P+100 day 2015 Aug 5 -2015 Oct 22

Departure phase 3 (DP3) P+101 day to P+6 month 2015 Oct 23 - 2016 Jan 5 (does not extend after conjuction)

PLUTO/CHARONBASELINE OPS PLAN

Constraints:1. Timeline not to scale. 2. Calibrations, etc. allowed outside of DSN contacts.3. P=C/A of Pluto center4. Time shift max 3sigma or ~450sec5. Loads are ~14d long ex. NEP is ~8d6. Doppler & Ranging on




3x8h/wk 2x 8h/d Continuous 9h/d

P-200(Dec 26, 2014)

TCM 16P-60

Sci Obs2x/dayP-90 to 84

Sci Obs2x/dayP-60to 54

P-24 hrs to P+24 hrsNear Enc.

TCM 16 b/uP-40Pluto Rehearsal #3 (Final)

P-186 to 179(per YG study)

Data Retrieval:First Look &Browse

Pluto C/AP=0 (11:50 July 14, 2015)

P+13

Sci Obs.2x/dayP-120 to 114

TCM 17P-20

TCM 17b/u P-10



Sci Obs2x/dayP-21 to +14

P-2 Knowledge Update: Ephemeris, CB3 Time shift, C&DH Time Shift & RalphTable Updates

OpNavs: P-170to P-130

Start Load P-7 to +2

P-14Final SSR P/BEphem data cut offOps Encounter Preparation


OpNavs: 1/day P-40 to P+2

AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 NEP DP1

P-6mos P-100 d

P-21 d

P-24 hrs

Enc Mode P-7

P-3 Erase SSRP/B OpNav

P+1P-7P-21P-40P-54P-68P-82P-100

AP1 loads P-184, 170, 156, 142, 128, 114

P-21Start SSR 2 usage

P-12 Knowledge UpdateEphemeris

TCM 16Data cut off P-65

TCM 17Data cutoff P-25Sci Obs

2x/dayP-180 to 174

P-100 to P-60

ENCOUNTER ENCOUNTER ENCOUNTER ENCOUNTER GEOMETRYGEOMETRYGEOMETRYGEOMETRY

0.24°

SunEarth

Hydra

Pluto

Nix

Charon

New Horizons TrajectoryPluto C/A11:50:0013,695 km13.78 km/s

Charon C/A12:04:0029,432 km13.87 km/s

Pluto-Sun Occultation12:51:28

Charon-Sun Occultation14:17:50

Charon-Earth Occultation14:20:09

Pluto-Earth Occultation12:52:30

15:00

11:00

• S/C trajectory time ticks: 10 min• Occultation: center time• Position and lighting at Pluto C/A• Distance relative to body center

Orbit Period aCharon 6.4 d 19,571 kmNix 24.9 d 48,675 kmHydra 38.2 d 64,780 km

12:00

13:00

14:00

NEAR ENCOUNTER NEAR ENCOUNTER NEAR ENCOUNTER NEAR ENCOUNTER FINAL HOURSFINAL HOURSFINAL HOURSFINAL HOURS

NEAR ENCOUNTER NEAR ENCOUNTER NEAR ENCOUNTER NEAR ENCOUNTER POST C/APOST C/APOST C/APOST C/A

GATHERING GATHERING GATHERING GATHERING REVOLUTIONARY DATAREVOLUTIONARY DATAREVOLUTIONARY DATAREVOLUTIONARY DATA

� Six months of encounter science.Six months of encounter science.Six months of encounter science.Six months of encounter science.

� Exceed Hubble resolution for months.Exceed Hubble resolution for months.Exceed Hubble resolution for months.Exceed Hubble resolution for months.

� Map Pluto and all three satellites.Map Pluto and all three satellites.Map Pluto and all three satellites.Map Pluto and all three satellites.

� Make composition maps of Pluto & Charon.Make composition maps of Pluto & Charon.Make composition maps of Pluto & Charon.Make composition maps of Pluto & Charon.

� Map surface temperature fields.Map surface temperature fields.Map surface temperature fields.Map surface temperature fields.

� Directly measure PlutoDirectly measure PlutoDirectly measure PlutoDirectly measure Pluto’’’’s escape rate. s escape rate. s escape rate. s escape rate.

� Assay PlutoAssay PlutoAssay PlutoAssay Pluto’’’’s atmospheric structure and s atmospheric structure and s atmospheric structure and s atmospheric structure and composition.composition.composition.composition.

� Determine if either Pluto or Charon differentiated.Determine if either Pluto or Charon differentiated.Determine if either Pluto or Charon differentiated.Determine if either Pluto or Charon differentiated.The most exciting discoveriesThe most exciting discoveriesThe most exciting discoveriesThe most exciting discoverieswill likely be the ones wewill likely be the ones wewill likely be the ones wewill likely be the ones we

DonDonDonDon’’’’t anticipate.t anticipate.t anticipate.t anticipate.

ANTICIPATING ANTICIPATING ANTICIPATING ANTICIPATING DRAMATIC RESULTSDRAMATIC RESULTSDRAMATIC RESULTSDRAMATIC RESULTS

Triton & Pluto At Best HST Resolution

Triton from Voyager

AND THEN ON TO KBOs: AND THEN ON TO KBOs: AND THEN ON TO KBOs: AND THEN ON TO KBOs: 2017201720172017----2021202120212021

BUT THE UNITED STATES BUT THE UNITED STATES BUT THE UNITED STATES BUT THE UNITED STATES CANCANCANCAN’’’’T DO THIS ALONET DO THIS ALONET DO THIS ALONET DO THIS ALONE

WE CANWE CANWE CANWE CAN’’’’T DO THIS T DO THIS T DO THIS T DO THIS WITHOUT AUSTRALIAWITHOUT AUSTRALIAWITHOUT AUSTRALIAWITHOUT AUSTRALIA

WE CANWE CANWE CANWE CAN’’’’T DO THIS T DO THIS T DO THIS T DO THIS WITHOUT AUSTRALIAWITHOUT AUSTRALIAWITHOUT AUSTRALIAWITHOUT AUSTRALIA

Thank You

BACKUP SLIDESBACKUP SLIDESBACKUP SLIDESBACKUP SLIDES

INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT PAYLOADPAYLOADPAYLOADPAYLOAD

new horizons - university of sydney · new horizons 10291029days since launch days since launch...

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