New Information On Value Of Distillers Grains In Meat Goat Rations

Terry K. Hutchens, Extension Goat Specialist University of Kentucky

U.S. Goat Industry 2006

• Goat inventory numbers Jan. 1, 2006 USDA data– Indicates U.S. goat numbers 2,826,000; meat goats

(80% of total)– Texas supply 1,320,000 (1,080,000 meat goats) or

• 47-48% of national goat population– There is an undersupply of domestic goat meat despite

increased domestic slaughter• increases in domestic slaughter prices

($1.25/lb live weight)• increased annual imports (Approaching 50% from Australia and New Zealand)

Kentucky Goat Industry• Goat numbers in 1997 was 16,223 and by 2002

increased to 68,412 (2002 Ag Census for Ky.)

• Ninety percent are meat goats• In that same time period:

– sheep numbers only increased by 1,155; – hogs decreased by 198,821; – cattle decreased by 81,473 head

• Meat and other goat numbers increased from 74,000 in Jan. 2007 to 81,400 in Jan. 2008.

U.S. Goat Meat Market Outlook• At this point the market is ethnic driven• By 2009 - 23,000,000 ethnic goat meat consumers will

reside in the U.S.• Federal inspected goat slaughter in 2003,

• 645,954 goats, (26 million lbs), • 45% increase from 1998

• Approximately 50% of goat slaughter occurs in the North East• More goats are slaughter in New Jersey than any other

state• It is estimated that 50% of U.S goats are slaughter on

farmers or in non-USDA graded facilities. (Amer. Meat Goat Assc.)

We are not alone!

• U.S. is a net importer of goat meat– 151% increase from 1999 –

2003• Imports are a significant portion

of the total consumption– 17 million lbs in 2003 or

450,000 more goats needed• Australia is the major supplier of

goat meat to the U.S.• Most are frozen carcasses! • The consumer prefers fresh!

Imports

2005 changeU.S. 1.9 mill +2%Texas 1.1 mill +7%Tennessee 98,000 -8%Georgia 77,000 +17%Oklahoma 65,000 -11%Kentucky 63,500 +3%N. Carolina 52,200 -11%

Source: USDA/NASS

Kentucky’s Goat Enterprise

Meat Goat Enterprises in Kentucky • Industry Divisions

– Commercial breeding herd - meat– Purebred breeding herd – breeding stock– Feeding lots – slaughter kid meat production– Cull doe slaughter market– Embryo recipient does– Show wethers – 4-H, FFA– Recreational – Tourism – Vegetation management

90 adult goats~ 4.6 a total ~ 04 a/plot

Grazing duration: 44 daysNo. of cycles: 3No. grazing days: 3960

Breeding Herd of Boer Cross Meat Goats

Stockyards Purchased Feeder Kids•Feeder kids are purchased weighing 30-35 lbs•Fed for 55-60 days •Sold at 60 to 70 lbs as slaughter kids•Slaughter kids are sold at graded and grouped sales or sold directly off farms to order buyers.

Following purchase, feeder kids are processed through a disease prevention health program,

weighed and put on feed.

Feeder Kids Are Put on Feed and Hand Fed Once or twice Daily

No self feeders

Feeder Kids are given free access to hay, water and mineral

How can we reduce feed cost?

General Nutrient Requirements for Meat Goats

CP % TDN %Buck

10 60

Dry Doe 09 55Late Gestation

11 65

Weaned Kids 14 68Yearling 12 65

2006 Comparison of DDGS and Other Co-Product Feeds With a Leading Commercial

Pelleted Feed • Simple feed lot study• Comparing a commercial pelleted feed with blended feeds

containing DDGS as a protein and energy source. • Total of 60 mix sexed goats averaging 40 lbs were

randomly allocated to 3 groups of 20. • Allocations were based on weight and sex.• Goats were given a 7 day warm up period and hand fed

twice daily for 56 days. • The concentrates were fed at 3% of body weight daily and

hay was consumed ad lib. • Concentrates and commercial feed were equal in protein

and energy and balanced to meet or exceed nutritional requirements (Based on NRC 1981)

• Funded by Distillers Grains Technology Council

Comparison of DDGS and Other Co-Product Feeds With a Leading Pelleted Feed

• Commercial 16 % Pelleted feed• 20%-40%-40%

– 20-Distillers Grains with Soluables, – 40- Soybean Hulls, – 40- Whole Corn

• 30%-30%-40% – 30-Distillers Grains with Soluables, – 30- Soybean Hulls, – 40- Whole Corn

• Hand Fed at 3% of body weight

Performance of Kids Fed a Commercial Pelleted Feed or Commodity Based Ration.

  Commercial Pelleted

20 % DDGS

30 % DDGS

Weight lbs, Day Zero

40.1a 41.2a 40.3a

Day 14 42.9 a 43.0 a 45.4 a

Day 28 48.5 a 52.4 b 51.3 a

Day 42 57.7 a 59.3 a 59.2 a

Day 56 64.8 a 66.0 a 63.6 a

Total Gain, lbs

24.7 a 24.8 a 23.3 a

ADG, lbs .44 a .44 a .41 a

Least Square Means, means in the same row with differing superscripts differ significantly, P < .10

Nutrient Content (DM Basis) of Rations (Hay and Concentrate).

Ration Commercial Pelleted

20% DDGS

30% DDGS

Dry Matter %

87.2 86.8 86.8

Crude Protein %

14.1 12.7 13.1

ADF % 30.1 38.6 37.0

NDF % 50.7 60.3 58.3

TDN % 60.2 58.2 58.8

Ration Commercial Pelleted

20% DDGS 30% DDGS

Lbs feed/head 110.8 110.8 110.8

Cost/lb, $ 0.16 0.06 0.07Cost/head, $ 17.51 7.10 7.43

Hay cost/head, $ 3.27 3.27 3.27

Total cost/head, $ 20.78 10.37 10.70

Total lbs of gain 24.7 24.8 23.3

Cost/lb of gain, $ .84 .42 .46

Gross $/head 97.84 99.66 96.03Return above all

feed costs$77.07 $89.29 $85.33

Summery

• DDGS and other by-product feeds appear to be an alternative to commercial pelleted feeds

• Cost of feed may be reduced by as much as 50%• By-Product feeds are readily available • Some by-product feeds vary in nutrient and

physical quality• Storage facilities are usually needed• Feed additives must be provided or added • Feeder goats gain as well on the high fiber alternative

feeds containing DDGS as they do on high starch feeds without the metabolic difficulties associated with the starch

Allow 12” of bunk space for feeder goats

Fall 2008Feedlot fed slaughter goats

12”

15”

27”

8” and variable height as needed to control escape.

1 full inch

Feed bunk 6” PVC pipe cut in half & bolted to a board on the back side

2005 Pasture DemonstrationFinishing Feeder Goats on DDGS, Sorghum Sudangrass and

Johnsongrass Pasture(3 acres and grazing for 56 days)

DDGS fed at 1% of body weight at 0.55 lbs/hd/day

Feeder Kids on Pasture

#

Average Start Wt.

Lbs

Wt. 1st 28 Days

Lbs

Wt. 2nd 28

Days Lbs

Totals

65 47.0 51.2 63.6 63.6Ave Wt Gain, Lbs/hd 4.2 12.4 16.6Ave. Daily Gain, Lbs/d

0.15 0.44 0.296

Stocking rate, hd/ac 22Total Lbs of Gain, Lbs 273.0 807.3 1080.3Lbs Gain/ac 91.0 269.1 360.1Cost $/acre $120Gross Returns $/ac ($1.20) $432.12Net Return $/ac $312.12Cost $/Lbs Gain $0.333

2007 Evaluation of DDGS as an Energy and Protein Source in the Diets of Feeder Kids

• Replicated feedlot study (2)• Comparing a typical corn and soybean meal

ration with rations composed of increasing levels of DDGS for the total ration

• DDGS at 0%, 10%, 15% and 25% of the total ration

2007 Evaluation of DDGS as an Energy and Protein Source in the Diets of Feeder Kids

• Total of 160 mix sexed feeder goats were randomly allocated to 4 treatments, 8 pens with 20 kids per pen. Allocations were based on weight and sex.

• Goats were given a 14 day warm up period and hand fed twice daily for 56 days.

• The concentrate was fed at 3% of body weigh and hay was fed ad lib.

• Hay was weighted into the feeder and wastage was estimated (1 lb per day disappearance and 20% wastage).

• Diets were balance using both concentrates and hay and all diets were similar in energy and protein content.

• Diets were balanced to meet or exceed nutritional requirements (Based on NRC 2007)

• Funded by Distiller Grains Technology Council

DDGS Inclusion RatesDiets DDGS-0 DDGS-10 DDGS-15 DDGS-25

KY-31 Tall Fescue Hay %

30 30 30 30

DDGS % 0 10 15 25

SBH % 38 17 32 39

SBM% 9 8 8 0

WC % 18 28 13 0

Limestone Min. Premix Additives

5 7 2 6

DDGS = Distiller’s Dried Grains with Soluables, SBH = Soybean Hulls, SBM = Soybean Meal, WC = Whole Corn

Nutrient Analysis Hay and Concentrate

% CP %

TDN % ME % ADF % NDF % Ca % P %

0% DDGS

15 71 1.18 29 44 .004 .003

10% DDGS

16 72 1.19 21 40 .004 .004

15% DDGS

15 70 1.17 31 39 .004 .003

25% DDGS

16 71 1.18 32 52 .005 .004

Analysis by Dairy-One

Gain Component Treatments Start

Wt. July 3

lbs

End Wt

August 28 lbs

Total Wt.

Gain lbs

Ave. Daily Gain lbs

Efficiency of Gain

lb feed / lb gain

Control 44.51 61.39 16.88* 0.3014* 8.5874

10% DDGS 45.34 64.98 19.64 0.3507 7.5696

15% DDGS 48.35 68.42 20.07 0.3589 7.6774

25% DDGS 47.04 67.99 20.96** 0.3742**

7.3767

**p=.13 **p=.13

Feed CostTreatments Daily Feed

Cost/hd$

Ave. Daily Gain lbs

Feed Cost/lb of gain

lbs

Control 0.1718 0.3014* 0.570010% DDGS 0.1896 0.3507 0.529215% DDGS 0.1705 0.3589 0.475125% DDGS 0.1599 0.3742** 0.4273

(concentrate & hay)

**p=.13 concentrate & hay)

Carcass Evaluation

Carcass Yield for Kids Fed Increasing Levels of DDGS

% DDGS

Live Wt lbs

HCW lbs

CCW lbs

% Yield

LEA inches

Fat mm

0 61.92 27.35 24.84 43.82 1.66 1.20

10 65.33 26.83 24.46 41.31 1.35 1.0015 72.17 32.42 29.64 44.74 1.62 1.17

25 73.92 32.33 30.12 43.41 1.82 1.17Slaughter was stratified by weight, n=24, 3 head/pen and 8 pensHCW = Hot Carcass Weight, CCW = Cold Carcass Weight, LEA = Loin Area at the 13th rib, Fat depth at the 12th rib.

Adding Condensed Distillers Solubles to the 25% DDGS Ration

Feed without added Soluables

Components As Fed DM

% Moisture 10.8

% Dry Matter 89.3

% Crude Protein 13.4 15.0

% ADF 37.0 41.4

% NDF 54.1 60.6

% TDN 61 69

NEM, Mcal/lb .62 .70

NEG, Mcal/lb .38 .43

% Ca .58 .65

% P .23 .25

PPM Fe 322 360

PPM Cu 8 9

Feed with added Soluables

Components As Fed DM

% Moisture 14

% Dry Matter 85.3

% Crude Protein 16.0 18.8

% ADF 30.8 36.1

% NDF 48.0 56.3

% TDN 60 70

NEM, Mcal/lb .61 .72

NEG, Mcal/lb .38 .45

% Ca .62 .72

% P .33 .39

PPM Fe 450 528

PPM Cu 17 20

Adding Condensed Distillers Solubles to the 25% DDGS Ration

• The addition of 10% Condensed Distillers Solubles to a ration allows the reduction of primary protein source by 30-40%.

• Condensed Distillers Solubles is and excellent feed conditioner.

• Feeder kids appear to tolerate up to 6% fat in the ration.

• The product must be applied at feeding.

Guaranteed Analysis• Crude Protein, min………………..….……….16%• Crude Fat, min……………......………………..10%• Crude Fiber, max………….…………..……….2.0%• ADF, max………………………………..…....……5.0%• Calcium, min……………………..…………..0.025%• Calcium, max…………………………….……..0.40%• Phosphorus, min……………………………..0.25%• Sodium, min…………………………………….0.80%• Sodium, max…………………………………….1.30%• Potassium, min…………………………………0.50%• Selenium, min…………………………………..0.04%• (NPN component is Ammonium chloride)

Questions ??