new laser methodology previewed
TRANSCRIPT
Books
New Laser Methodology Previewed Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers. Vol. V. C. Bradley Moore, Ed. xii + 281 pages. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1980. $23
Reviewed by Edward H. Peipmeier, Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Ore. 97331
Volume V of this series contains high-quality introductions to the photochemistry of atoms and small molecules and to laser applications to spectroscopy. The coverage is not meant to be comprehensive; rather it is a timely preview of rapidly advancing fields. Each chapter treats the development of research in its area, typical instrumentation, and the most recent results, usually obtained from the laboratories of the authors. Prospects for future research and applications conclude each chapter. There are from 46 to 105 references at the end of each chapter, enough to direct the reader to more detailed information when desired.
Analytical chemists will find the first chapter on methods for the selective detection of single atoms particularly interesting and worthwhile. This chapter is a well-organized summary of concepts, methods, and results, some of which are not yet commonly used in analytical chemistry. For example, in addition to fluorescence and ionization methods of detecting laser-atom interactions, the method of deflecting the atomic trajectory is discussed. Experimental results are presented that show how detection limits and spectral resolution can be improved by threshold discrimination when observing multiphotoelectron pulses during certain kinds of fluorescence measurements. Atomic photo-ionization mechanisms are presented. Gas phase sample cell concepts considered include collimated beams and trapped atoms and ions, as well as the more common types used in chemical analysis. In addition to describing methods and current results, the effects of experimental variables are considered in some detail.
Although not always obvious from the titles of the other six chapters, there is a lot of information throughout the book for the analytical chemist
interested in new laser measurement methods. For example, in the second chapter on structural studies of transient molecules, several new lasers and measurement methods are discussed, including the advantages and limitations of diode lasers, which have made very high resolution infrared measurements feasible. High resolution sub-Doppler spectrometry is also considered.
The third chapter is devoted to far-infrared laser magnetic resonance, which is a more sensitive method for detecting paramagnetic species than are optical and microwave methods. Spectral resolution is excellent, comparable to optical and microwave methods.
The last four chapters consider kinetic spectroscopy, photochemistry in matrices, laser purification of materials and photochemical separation of elements in solution. The innovative analytical chemist may glean new ideas from these chapters to help solve special analytical problems. For example, laser purification may be the method of choice to purify special materials needed for blanks and standards. As interest develops in the commercial use of selectively excited species to act as reactants and catalysts, better ways to monitor these transient species may be required.
After reading the title, the reader might expect to find both chemical and biochemical applications in this book. However, there are no explicit biochemical applications in this particular volume: The title is for the entire series of books. The lack of chapter numbers in this book, which was produced from camera-ready copy, is only a minor inconvenience. The index is useful and apparently contains all of the chemical species mentioned in the book.
Mass Spectrometry (Part B). Practical Spectroscopy Series. Vol. 3. Charles Merritt, Jr., Charles N. McEwen, Eds. xi + 401 pages. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1980. $49.75
Reviewed by S. P. Markey, Department of Health & Human Services, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Bethesda, Md. 20205
This is the second volume in a two-part series that is intended to provide timely "how-to" reference material on topics of interest to mass spectrosco-pists and specialists who want to utilize mass spectrometric techniques. In any expanding field, it is difficult to write summary reviews that are not outdated before the ink is dry on the author's contributed manuscript, much less the publisher's printing press. There are four topics reviewed by specialists in this multiauthored volume—mass spectral approaches to the study of drug metabolism (Rein-hold and Costello); chemical derivati-zation (Vouros); two-dimensional mass spectrometry (Bente and McLaf-ferty); and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Haas et al.). The first topic is admirably covered in 90 pages, followed by 37 pages of references (subgrouped by compound or applied technique), all gathered prior to 1978. Because the basic principles of mass spectral studies of drug metabolism have not changed in the interim, this chapter is both relevant and useful to today's students.
The second chapter, covering deri-vatization techniques, was similarly prepared prior to 1978, and has been somewhat surpassed by several very comprehensive texts on the subject published in the past few years. However, the author stresses and illustrates basic principles in a clear, concise fashion (110 pages).
The third chapter is a short introduction (30 pages) to two-dimensional mass spectrometry. New instrumentation developed during the past three years has exceeded the promise of this preview, and a new, timely review would be welcome.
The fourth chapter is a compilation of 13 papers given at a workshop on negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry in 1977. The papers are short, somewhat redundant, outdated, and reveal no evidence of editing.
Editors and publishers of such texts need to be aware that their product is like a perishable fruit—it must arrive in the market and be consumed before it is spoiled by the passage of time.
Ion-Selective Electrodes in Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 2. Henry Freiser, Ed. xi
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 53, NO. 9, AUGUST 1981 · 1117 A
Books
+ 291 pages. Plenum Press, 227 West 17th St., New York, N.Y. 1 0 0 1 1 . 1980. $ 3 5
Reviewed by Richard A. Durst, Center for Analytical Chemistry, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
As the second volume in a series t h a t will eventual ly provide reviews on all aspects of ion-selective electrodes, th i s book covers several in teres t ing a n d i m p o r t a n t a reas of research and appl icat ion.
T h e first chap te r by K. Kobos on enzyme electrodes is a good general review of t he subject a n d includes useful t abu la t ions of enzyme-e lec t rode react ions . Whi le no t providing m u c h de ta i l (e.g., F igure 2 is a lmos t meaningless w i thou t reference t o t h e original l i tera tu re ) , th i s chap te r p resen t s mos t of t h e aspects of th i s subject necessary t o m a k e decisions concerning po ten t i a l appl ica t ions t o a var ie ty of subs t r a t e de te rmina t ions . I t is reasonably curren t , including references from 1979, such as t h e first r epo r t of a t i ssue-based enzyme elect rode.
Nex t , a shor t chap t e r by t h e ed i tor t r e a t s t he subject of coated-wire elec
t rodes . Whi le it is somewha t d isappoint ing t h a t the re i s still no clear exp lana t ion as to how these sensors estab l i sh a s table " i n n e r " po ten t i a l a t t h e m e m b r a n e - w i r e interface, t he re is l i t t le d o u b t t h a t these devices funct ion well a n d provide an a l t e rna te rou te for sensor fabricat ion. I was somewhat mystif ied, however, by t h e use of δ for activity coefficient a n d a for t h e ion-size p a r a m e t e r ( ins tead of t h e convent ional ly used y a n d a), especially since on t h e same page α is used correctly as t h e symbol for ionic activity.
C h a p t e r 3 on chemically sensit ive field effect t rans is tors ( C H E M F E T ) by J . J a n a t a and R. J . H u b e r is a very welcome addi t ion t o t he m e m b r a n e electrode l i terature.f l t provides an excellent review of t h e theore t ica l a n d opera t iona l basis for these devices a n d also includes some resul ts ob ta ined wi th these sensors. Al though the C H E M F E T concept was first descr ibed ab o u t a decade ago, t h e devices are still very m u c h in t he infancy of the i r deve lopment . Only t ime will tel l whe the r they live up to the i r pot e n t i a l a n d provide u s wi th low-cost, m in i a tu re , mul t ip robe sensors.
T h e final chapter by R. P . Buck, J . C. T h o m p s e n , and O. R. Melroy cons t i tu tes more t h a n one- th i rd of th i s vo lume a n d provides a t abu la r compi la t ion of pract ical papers on m e m b r a n e electrodes gleaned from t h e previous five comprehensive biennia l reviews t h a t appea red in ANALYTICAL C H E M I S T R Y . Pape r s on the oret ical topics have been largely deleted from th i s compilat ion, except where t h e y appea r in t h e tabula t ions on his tor ical deve lopments , books, or reviews. T h e in t roduct ion t o th is chap t e r provides a good historical overview a n d a s u m m a r y of ion-select ive e lect rode opera t ional principles. Al though t h e au thors no te t h a t th is compi la t ion includes only " m e m b r a n e " electrodes, they neglected to inc lude a good explanat ion of wha t th i s t e r m connotes . For example , they inc lude c i ta t ions t o papers on coated-wire e lect rodes b u t no t C H E M F E T s , which in m y opinion are basically analogous devices.
As wi th t he first volume in th i s series, t h e edi tor achieves his s t a ted purpose of providing up- to -da te reviews on var ious deve lopments in th i s area . Whi le these volumes will be of consid-
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Vibrational Spectroscopies for Adsorbed Species
A C S Symposium Series No. 137
Alexis T. Bell, Editor University of California, Berkeley
Michael L. Hair, Editor Xerox Research Center of Canada
Based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society.
Twelve chapters provide an update of new techniques used to determine the vibrational structure of molecules adsorbed on surfaces. This volume provides a forum whereby the leading workers in the field interact and rationalize their various approaches.
CONTENTS The first chapter presents a review of the conventional transmission IR work in surface spectroscopy. Improvements in the sensitivity of transmission IR through the development of the Fourier transform IR spectrometer and through modulation of the.incident beam or ellipsometry are detailed. The theory and practice of surface wave spectroscopy are discussed as well as Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Reviews of recently developed techniques that provide information about the vibrational states of adsorbed molecules — electron loss spectroscopy, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, and neutron scattering — complete this comprehensive volume.
295 pages (1980) Clothbound $31.00 LC 80-21181 ISBN 0-8412-0585-X
Order from: SIS Dept. Box 35 American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 or CALL TOLL FREE 800-424-6747
1118 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 53, NO. 9, AUGUST 1981
SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR XRF AA ICP CHEM
Books
érable use to practitioners in this field, they will be of much more limited interest to someone merely wanting to learn about the general topic of ion-selective electrodes. For these people, one of several recently published monographs on the subject would probably be more appropriate. But for those analytical chemists and clinical scientists who want to keep abreast of the state of the art, I certainly recommend this series.
Books Received
Advances in Organometallic Chemistry. Vol. 19. F.G.A. Stone, Robert West, Eds. ix + 318 pages. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1981. $42
Supplement to Analytical Toxicology Methods Manual with Cumulative Index. H.M. Stahr, Ed. ix + 311 pages. Iowa State University Press, South State Ave., 112 C Press Office, Ames, Iowa 50010. 1980. $18 (paper)
Ultrafiltration Membranes and Applications. Anthony R. Cooper, Ed. xiv + 707 pages. Plenum Press, 227 West 17th St., New York, N.Y. 10011. 1980. $75
Progress in Macrocyclic Chemistry. Vol. 2. Reed M. Izatt, James J. Chris-tensen, Eds. xi + 347 pages. Wiley In--terscience, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10158. 1981. $50
Analytical Isotachophoresis. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Isotachophoresis, Eindhoven, Sept. 9 - 1 1 , 1980. F. M. Everaerts, F. E. P. Mikkers, Th.P.E.M. Verheggen. Eds., xi + 234 pages. Elsevier/North-Holland, Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1981. $58.50
Mass Spectrometry of Priority Pollutants. Brian S. Middleditch, Stephen R. Missler, Harry B. Hines, xii + 308 pages. Plenum Press, 227 West 17th St., New York, N.Y. 10011. 1981. $29.50
Computer Networks in the Chemical Laboratory. George C. Levy, Dan Terpstra, Eds. xv + 221 pages. Inter-
science, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10158. 1981. $27.50
Introduction to Pascal for Scientists. James W. Cooper, xv + 260 pages. Wiley Interscience, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10158. 1981. $19.95
Trace Metals in the Environment. Vol. 6. Cobalt. Ivan C. Smith, Bonnie L. Carson, Eds. xxii + 1202 pages. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 230 Colling-wood, P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106. 1981. $49.50
Maintaining and Troubleshooting HPLC Systems: A User's Guide. Dennis J. Runser. xiii + 163 pages. Wiley Inter-science, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10158. 1981. $27.50
Fast Neutron Activation Analysis. Elemental Data Base. John McKlveen. 306 pages. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 230 Collingwood, P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106. 1981. $39.95
Cancer-Causing Chemicals. N. Irving Sax. ix + 466 pages. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 135 West 50th St., New York, N.Y. 10020. 1981. $39.95
Ultratrace Metal Analysis in Biological Sciences and Environment With the improved sensitivities of current analytical techniques (inductively coupled plasma, atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry, and neutron activation), knowledge of the roles of metals in biochemical processes and in the environment are continually expanding.
This new book contains significant research reports on the collaborated efforts of biochemists, environmental chemists, and analytical chemists who are studying metal.concentrations in biological organisms and in air, water, and soil.
CONTENTS Trace Element Analysis in Nutrition · Multielement Analysis with RF-ICP · Health Implications · Molybdenum in Biological Materials · Analysis of Particulate Matter for Metals · Airborne Metallic Elements · Nickel-Induced Transformation in Tissue Culture · Trace Elements in Urine · Zinc in Biochemical Processes · Cadmium, Lead, Copper, and Iron in Sea Water Derived Samples « Sources of Metals in the Atmosphere · Bacillus subtilis Strain 168 • Zinc in Humans · Serum Copper and Age
263 pages (1979) Clothbound $36.50 LC 78-31903 ISBN 0-8412-0416-0
Advances in Chemistry Series No. 174
Jack L. Koenig, Editor Case Western Reserve University
Based on a symposium cosponsored by the Divisions of Polymer Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society.
Probing Polymer Structures Polymer chemists . . . this timely, informative volume will be of substantial value in bringing you up to date on the latest available instrumental techniques and sophisticated technology that can be used to detect, identify, and characterize commercial polymeric structures.
The book combines the theoretical and experimental bases of the various techniques and the recent applications of these methods to develop a fundamental understanding of polymer performance, behavior, and microstructural variables in commercial systems.
CONTENTS Noise Phenomena Associated with Thermal Transitions · Acoustic Emission under Tensile Load · Nanotensilometer · Measurement of Nonlinear Vis-coelastic Properties · Stress Mass Spectrometry · Characterization of Organic Polymers Via Pyrolysis-Infrared · Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy · FTIR Spectroscopic Studies · Brillouin Scattering · Quasielastic Laser Light Scattering · Multipass Fabry-Perot Spectroscopy · Ion Recombination Luminescence · SBS Block Copolymers and Polyethylene
277 pages (1979) Clothbound $33.00 LC 79-10008 ISBN 0-8412-0406-3
Order from: SIS/American Chemical Society 1155 16th St., N.W./Wash., D.C. 20036
Advances in Chemistry Series No. 172
Terence H. Risby, Editor Pennsylvania State University
A symposium sponsored by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society.
Order from: SIS/American Chemical Society 1155 16th St., N.W. Wash., D.C. 20036
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