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Home Nanotechnology Nanomaterials May 30, 2017
New method of characterizing grapheneMay 30, 2017
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The layer of graphene (black honeycomb structure) encapsulated in boron nitride (blue) isplaced on a superconductor (gray) and coupled with a microwave resonator. By comparingmicrowave signals (RF), the resistance and quantum capacitance … more
Scientists have developed a new method of characterizing graphene'sproperties without applying disruptive electrical contacts, allowing them toinvestigate both the resistance and quantum capacitance of graphene andother two-dimensional materials. Researchers from the Swiss NanoscienceInstitute and the University of Basel's Department of Physics reported theirfindings in the journal Physical Review Applied.
Graphene consists of a single layerof carbon atoms. It is transparent,harder than diamond and strongerthan steel, yet flexible, and asignificantly better conductor ofelectricity than copper. Sincegraphene was first isolated in 2004,scientists across the world havebeen researching its properties andthe possible applications for theultrathin material. Other two-dimensional materials with similarlypromising fields of application alsoexist; however, little research has
been carried out into their electronic structures.
No need for electrical contacts
Electrical contacts are usually used to characterize the electronic propertiesof graphene and other two-dimensional materials. However, these cansignificantly alter the materials' properties. Professor ChristianSchönenberger's team from the Swiss Nanoscience Institute and theUniversity of Basel's Department of Physics has now developed a newmethod of investigating these properties without applying contacts.
To do this, the scientists embedded graphene in the isolator boron nitride,placed it on a superconductor and coupled it with a microwave resonator.Both the electrical resistance and the quantum capacitance of the graphene
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affect the quality factor and resonance frequency of the resonator. Althoughthese signals are very weak, they can be captured using superconductingresonators.
By comparing the microwave characteristics of resonators with and withoutencapsulated graphene, the scientists can determine both the electricalresistance and quantum capacitance. "These parameters are important in thedetermination of graphene's exact properties and in the identification oflimiting factors for its application," explains Simon Zihlmann, a PhD student inSchönenberger's group.
Also suitable for other two-dimensional materials
The boron nitride-encapsulated graphene served as a prototype materialduring the method's development. Graphene integrated into other materialscan be investigated in the same way. In addition, other two-dimensionalmaterials can also be characterized without the use of electrical contacts; forexample, the semiconductor molybdenum disulfide, which has applications insolar cells and optics.
Explore further: Non-flammable graphene membrane developed forsafe mass production
More information: V. Ranjan et al. Contactless Microwave Characterizationof Encapsulated GrapheneJunctions, Physical Review Applied (2017). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.054015
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