new movements in the visual arts
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New movements in the Visual Arts
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Manet douard Manet (1832-1883)
One of the first 19th-centuryartists to approach modern andpostmodern-life subjects; apivotal figure in the transitionfrom Realism to Impressionism
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Le djeuner sur l'herbe(The Luncheon on the Grass)1863
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere
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Impressionism is a 19th-century Art movement that originated with a
group of Paris-based artists.
Impressionist painting characteristics:
Relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokesOpen composition, emphasis on accurate depictionof light in its changing qualitiesOrdinary subject matter
Inclusion of movementas a crucial element ofhuman perception and experienceUnusual visual angles.
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Monet Claude Monet 1840-1926
was a founder of Frenchimpressionist painting, and the
most consistent and prolificpractitioner of the movement'sphilosophy of expressing one'sperceptions before nature
Monet retained a total fidelity tovisual perception
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Impression, Sunrise(Impression, soleil levant)
some of whoderisivelyborrowed itstitle and
nicknamed thewhole groupImpressionists.
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Water Lilies of 1920-1921
Monets lily pond as an abstract symphony of glowing colors
and reflecting lights.
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Renoir
Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
shared Monets interest inreproducing the effects of light in
patches of color, but he brought tohis subjects a human interest thatderived from his own joy in life.
His most enduring love was forwomen as symbols of life; in hispaintings, they radiate an immensewarmth and charm.
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Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 a popular Parisianrestaurant and dance hall,captures the spirit of thecrowd by means of the
same fragmentary patchesof color Manet used in thebackground ofA Bar at theFolies-Bergere, but Renoir
adds his own sense ofhappy activity.
Two Girls at the Piano(Jeunes filles au piano) 1892
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Degas
Edgar Hilaire GermainDegas (1834-1917)
shared Renoirs interest
in people, but unlikeRenoir (whoemphasized thepositive side of life) he
simply reported whathe saw, stressingneither the good northe bad.
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The Rehearsal
Degass point of view is
emphasized by the unusualvantage point from which the
stage is shown: close to and froma position high up on the side.
The Tub 1886
women caught unaware
in simple, natural poses. with its unusual angle of
vision, these were
sometimes called
key-hole visions.
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Cassatt
American artist MaryCassatt (18441926)
settled in Europe to pursue
an artistic career. LikeDegas, Cassatt paintedspontaneous scenes fromdaily life, particularlysituations involvingmothers and children.
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Mother Combing Saras Hair - 1901
-the motherturned awayfrom us and achild who is
saved fromsentimentalityby hercompleteunawarenessof ourpresence.
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View of Paris from the Trocadero(1871-1872)
presents a panoramic view of the city. The sense of light andatmosphere is conveyed by loose, fluid brushstrokes.
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Rodin
Auguste Francois Rene Rodin(18401917)
the greatest sculptor of the
age (according to many, thegreatest since Bernini)
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Monument to Balzac
Rodin convertedtwo-dimensionalImpressionist effectsto a three-dimensional format.
his themes aregenerally massiveand dramatic rather
than drawn fromeveryday life.
The Kiss
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Post-Impressionism
As a stylistic category,post-Impressionism isone of the least helpful
or descriptive terms inart history.
movement in late-19th-century French painting
that emphasized theartists personal
response to a subject.
Postimpressionistsconveyed their personalresponses to the world
around them throughthe use of strong,unnatural colors and
exaggeration or slight
distortion of forms.
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Cezanne Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)
The greatest post-
Impressionist painter.
Cezanne believed that all
forms in nature are basedon the cone, the sphere,and the cylinder; and heshapes and balances the
forms to make themconform to this notionusing vigorous, rhythmicalbrush strokes.
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Still Life with Commode
Mont Sainte-Victoire painted of the same scene,
visible from his studiowindow.
conveys the vivid colors ofMediterranean landscape.
distorted the surface of the tableand oversimplified the shapes of
the objects to achieve a totallysatisfying composition. Abstractconsiderations, in other words,take precedence over fidelity tonature.
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Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890)
Dutch painter whoexemplified the idea ofartist as tortured genius.
His paintings are
characterized by thickbrush strokes, brilliantcolors, and jagged lines,through which Van Goghexpressed his emotional
response to his subjectsrather than providing anaccurate description ofthem.
Th St Ni ht
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The Starry Night1889
The Night Cafe
described by the artist as one of the
ugliest I have done, but the uglinesswas deliberate.
the cafe is a place where one canruin oneself, go mad, or commit acrime.
The momentum of swirling, flickering
forms in The Starry Night isintoxicating
van Goghs vision of the world was
profoundly pessimistic.
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Portrait of Dr. Gachet
The physician whotreated him in hislast illness.
He had painted thedoctor, he said,with theheartbrokenexpression of ourtimes.
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Fauvism
A relatively short-livedmovement in Frenchpainting (from about
1898 to about 1908)that revolutionized theconcept of color inmodern art.
developed in France
The origin of the termfauvism reveals much ofits character.
Les fauves, literally thewild beasts, was
originally a pejorativelabel applied to the
group at their firstexhibition in 1905
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Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
French artist, leader ofthe fauve groupregarded as one of the
great formative figuresin 20th-century art, amaster of the use ofcolor and form to
convey emotionalexpression.
h f if
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The Joy of Life
The Red Studio
every form is clearly recognizablebut touched by the paintersunique vision.
look through his eyes and seefamiliar objects suddenly take onnew, vibrant life.
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Expressionism
in the visual, literary,and performing arts, amovement or tendency
that strives to expresssubjective feelings andemotions rather than todepict reality or nature
objectively. Developed in Germany
In northern Europeparticularly, increasingsocial and political
tensions inspired agroup of artistsgenerally known asExpressionists--
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Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
Norwegian artist,whose brooding,anguished paintings and
graphic works, based onpersonal grief andobsessions.
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The Scream
1893
The Scream, withits sinuous forms,violent colors, andscreamingsubject, is the
most famous ofhis paintings.
A t i G di (1852 1926)
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Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926) Catalan architect, one of the most
creative practitioners of his art inmodern times.
His style is a blend of neo-Gothicand art nouveau, also hassurrealist and cubist elements.
His Casa Mila, an apartmenthouse in Barcelona, like TheScream, uses restless, wavinglines that seem to undulate.
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The Expressionist
The German Expressionists, manyof them grouped in schools
with such names as Die Brcke(The Bridge) and
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue
Rider), were relativelyuntouched by the intellectual andtechnical explorations of theircontemporaries elsewhere.
They were fascinated bythe power of color to
express mood, ideas,
and emotion. Theywanted their art toaffect not only the eyebut also the viewers
inner sense.
P t t
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Pentecost -
more disturbingthan inspiring.
Even in a religious
context,Expressionist arttouches chords ofalarm, andhysteria,unhappilyappropriate to thetimes.
Emil Nolde