University Of Lahore

Submitted To:Sir Rai Shabbir Ahmed

Submitted By:Sabeen Ahmed BPD02123129

Saira Amin BPD02123110

Bushra Farhat BPD02123025

Topic: National Flag

And

National Anthem

CONTENTS:

NATIONAL FLAGIntroductionDescription of flagPakistan’s Flag MeaningCommon name of FlagSign of UnityHistory of Pakistan’s National FlagConstructionSpecificationUse of FlagVexillology SymbolismSize of FlagOccasions on which National Flag

HoistedDays when Flags at Half-Mast

Flag to be flown on residencesFlag to be flown on motorcycleFlag protocol

NATIONAL ANTHEM

IntroductionDefinitionComposition of AnthemNational Anthem NameHistoryWhen was Pakistan’s National Anthem Played?National Anthem (in Persian)English TranslationFacts about National AnthemOccasions on which National Anthem was

playedUsageWhy is Pakistan’s National Anthem in Farsi

(Persian language)?ControversyAnthem written by Prof. Jagan Nath AzadNational Anthem facts and fiction

NATIONAL FLAG

INTRODUCTION

Before the Second World War, Muslims and Hindus lived together under the British Raj. A number of the Muslims formed the All India Muslim League. After the Second World War, when the partition of India led to the creation of Dominion of Pakistan, the flag of the Muslim League served as the basis for the flag of Pakistan.

Pakistan’s first Prime Minister Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan presented the national flag in Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on August 11, 1947. It was first adopted in 1906 as the flag of All India Muslim League but without the vertical white bar.

Description of Flag:

As the above picture of the Pakistan Flag indicates the overall background is Green and white.

The description of the Pakistan Flag is as follows:

Green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side

A large white crescent and star are centered in the green field.

The crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam.

According to Ancient and Heraldic traditions much symbolism is associated with colors. The colors on the Pakistan flag represent the following:

White - peace and honesty & symbolizing the role of religious minorities.

Green - hope, joy and love and has a sacred significance as the color green is associated with Islam.

The Pakistan Flag was designed by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan.

The national flag of Pakistan is dark green in colour with a white bar, a white crescent in the centre and a five-pointed star.

On a Pakistan government webpage it is reported that the Pakistan flag was designed by Ameer-ud-din Khidwai.

PAKISTAN’S FLAG MEANING:

Green is a traditional Islamic color and the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols.

The white stripe represents the non-Muslim, minority, religious groups in Pakistan. According to modern meaning, the green represents prosperity; white symbolizes peace; the white crescent represents progress; and the white star represents light and knowledge

COMMON NAME OF FLAG:

A common name for the Pakistani flag is 'Subz Hilali Parcham' which is Urdu for 'green flag with the crescent'.

SIGN OF UNITY:

National flag is always considered as the sign of unity and appreciation and even the identity of any nation so it is very much important that each independent state should have its own respective national flag.

HISTORY OF PAKISTAN'S NATIONAL FLAG:

Historically the first Pakistan Flag was designed by the founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and stitched by Master Altaf Hussain by his hands. Master Afzal Hussain stitched the first Pakistani flag after the announcement of Partition in June 1947.

The Pakistan Flag has links with the flag which was hoisted at Dhaka on December 30, 1906, when a meeting of the leadership representing the various Muslim political organizations of the South-Asian subcontinent was held and, as a result of the deliberations on the occasion, the All-India Muslim League was formed as the premier political organization of the Muslims.

The flag used at Dhaka was green in color with a white crescent and star in the center.

In the forty years of political struggle that followed the meeting at Dhaka, this flag was used continuously by the Muslim League as an emblem of the political aspirations of the Muslim community.

When these aspirations were fulfilled and Pakistan was established, it was felt that it would be in the fitness of things to incorporate the motif of this flag into National Flag of Pakistan.

It was announced on July 18, 1947, that the British Government had accepted the demand for the establishment of the Sovereign State of Pakistan with effect from the 14th August 1947 and approved it when Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, presented the National Flag to the

Constituent Assembly.

In the course of his speech on the occasion, Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan observed:

"Mr. President, the flag, it will be noticed, is not the flag of any one political party or any one community. The flag is the flag of Pakistani nation, of the Pakistan State, which has to come into existence on the 14th of August, 1947. It can say without any fear of contradiction that this flag which I have honor to present to this House, will stand for freedom, liberty and equality for those who owe allegiance to this Flag of Pakistan. Mr. President, this flag will be a flag of freedom not only for the people of Pakistan; this flag will be an emblem of peace and help in maintaining peace throughout the world."

The color of National Flag of Pakistan is dark green with a white perpendicular bar, a white crescent in the center and a five-pointed star.

The impact of the color and symbols used in the Pakistan Flag is as;

The white and dark green meadow represents peace and prosperity.

The crescent on the Flag represents progress

The five rayed star represents light and knowledge.

CONSTRUCTION:

The official design of the national flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly together with a definition of the features and proportions:

"A dark green rectangular flag in the proportion of length and width 3:2 with a white vertical bar at the mast, the green portion bearing a white crescent in the centre and a five-pointed white heraldic star.

The size of the white portion being one fourth the size of the flag nearest the mast the remainder three fourths being dark green

The dimensions of the five-pointed white heraldic star are determined by drawing a circle 1/10th the width of the flag. The circle surrounds the five points of the heraldic star. The star lies with one point on the diagonal at a point where the larger arc of the crescent, if completed, cuts the diagonal."

SPECIFICATIONS:

NM (width of flag) is equal to 2/3rd of NZ (length of flag)

NX (white portion) is equal to 1/4th of NZ (length of flag)

A is the middle point of XY & KZ (diagonals)

YB is equal to 13/20th of YZ (width of flag)

AO (radius of outer arc of Crescent) is equal to 3/10th of YZ.

BT (radius of inner arc) is equal to 11/40th of YZ.

CL (radius of the circle surrounding the star) is equal to 1/10th of YZ.

USE OF FLAG:

The Pakistani flag is flown on the offices and official residences of VIPs when they are home.

The first flags were used to assist military co-ordination on battlefields, and flags have since evolved into a general tool for rudimentary

signaling and identification, especially in environments where communication is similarly challenging (such as the maritime environment where semaphore is used).

National flags are potent patriotic symbols with varied wide-ranging interpretations, often including strong military associations due to their original and on going military uses.

Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.

VEXILLOLOGY:

The study of flags is known as vexillology, from the Latin vexillum meaning flag or banner.

SYMBOLISM:

The green represents Islam and the majority Muslims in Pakistan and the white stripe represents religious minorities and minority religions.

In the centre, the crescent and star which is traditional symbol of Islam symbolizes progress and light respectively.

The flag symbolizes Pakistan's commitment to Islam and the rights of religious minorities.

It is based on the original flag of the Muslim League, which itself drew inspiration from the flag of the Sultanate of Delhi and the Mughal Empire in India and the flag of the Ottoman Empire.

SIZE OF FLAG

i) For ceremonial occasions. 21' x 14', 18' x 12', 10' x 6-2/3' or 9' x 6 1/4

ii) For use over buildings. 6' x 4' or 3' x 2'

iii) For cars 12" x 8".

iv) For tables 6 1/4" x 4 1/4".

OCCASIONS ON WHICH NATIONAL FLAG HOISTED:

i) Pakistan Day (23rd March)

ii) Independence Day (14th August)

iii) Quaid-e-Azam's Birthday (25th December)

iv) Such other days as may be notified by the Government from time to time.

DAYS WHEN FLAGS AT HALF-MAST

i) Death anniversary of Allama Muhammad Iqbal (21st April)

ii) Death anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam (11th September)

iii) Death anniversary of Liaquat Ali Khan (16th October)

iv) Any other day notified by the Government.

FLAG TO BE FLOWN ON RESIDENCES:

The Pakistan Flag shall be flown on the official residences of the following VIPs when they are home: -

1. The President and Prime Minister of Pakistan.

2. Chairman of the Senate and Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

3. Governors of the Provinces.

4. Federal Ministers and other dignitaries entitled to the privileges of the Ministers of the Government of Pakistan.

5. Chief Ministers and Ministers of Provinces

6. The Chief Election Commissioner.

7. Deputy Chairman of the Senate / Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan

8. Speakers of the Provincial Assemblies.

9. Diplomatic Representatives of Pakistan in foreign countries.

10. Commissioners of Divisions, Deputy Commissioners and Political Agents.

FLAG TO BE FLOWN ON MOTORCARS:

The following persons shall be entitled to fly the Pakistan Flag on their motor cars, vessels and aero planes, when the dignitaries themselves are seated: -

1. The President of Pakistan.

2. The Prime Minister of Pakistan.

3. The Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan.

4. The Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

5. Chief Justice of Pakistan.

6. The Governors of the Provinces.

7. The Chief Ministers of the Provinces.

8. Chief Justices of the High Courts.

The President / Prime Minister may fly two flags

i.e., his personal flag in addition to the National Flag.

FLAG PROTOCOL:

* No other flag must fly higher

* When displayed alongside provincial or corporate flags, the national flag must be higher

* When tied to a mast, it must be tied only at the left (at the beginning of the white bar) and left to fly freely without any obstruction

* Must not touch the ground or feet or anything unclean

* Must be raised at dawn and lowered at dusk (except on the Parliament of Pakistan, which is the only official building on which the flag is never lowered)

* Must not be marked with anything

* When raising

(I) must be saluted to by all uniformed personal,

(ii) Others must stand in attention

* When displayed horizontally, the white strip must always be at the left, with green field on the right

* When displayed vertically, the white strip must always be at the top, with green field at the bottom

* Must not fly or be displayed upside down or with the crescent and star facing left

* Must not be displayed anywhere were it is likely to get dirty

National Anthem of Pakistan

INTRODUCTION:

Among a few things that are truly the identity of any nation, national anthem holds a significant position.

Along with the national flag, it represents the country throughout the world and adds to the national pride.

It is basically a patriotic hymn or other song adopted by a nation for use on public or state occasions and is the individuality of any state. 

The Anthem written in Urdu is a unique poetical composition, as in spite of its brevity it is a lyrical exultation for the quintessence of

Pakistan its Islamic foundation, ideology, ethos, aspirations and its intrinsic strength

For the newly born sate of Pakistan, there were many challenges, and one of these was the necessity of having a national anthem.

Upon independence, when the flag was hoisted it was accompanied by the song,” Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad”.

The flag itself had only been approved by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan three days earlier.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, wanted an anthem immediately

The National Anthem of Pakistan approved by the Government in August 1954.

DEFINATION:

 A generally patriotic musical composition usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people.

National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.

COMPOSITION OF ANTHEM:

At independence on August 14, 1947, Pakistan did not have a national anthem. When the flag was hoisted at the independence ceremony it was accompanied by the song, ‘‘Pakistan Zindabad Azadi Paendabad’’

The flag itself had only been approved by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan three days earlier.

The Verses of the Anthem have been composed by a renowned poet of Pakistan, Abul Asar Hafeez Jullundhri, while the tune has been composed by Ahmed G. Chagla, the well known musician and composer.

The music for the anthem had been composed in 1950 and had been used on several state occasions before being officially adopted in 1954. 

The Anthem written in Urdu is a unique poetical composition, as in spite of its brevity it is a lyrical exultation for the quintessence of Pakistan its Islamic foundation, ideology, ethos, aspirations and its intrinsic strength.

The national anthem of Pakistan is one of the most prestigious ones in the world and is very short. Its

duration is only one minute and eight seconds.

It is a harmonious rendering of a three-stanza composition with a tune based on eastern music but arranged in such a manner that it can be easily played by foreign bands.

The Anthem is evocative in spirit, extolling Pakistan as the centre of faith and freedom, a land of beauty and strength drawn from the people and the country.

The words touch upon the various facts of national life, with an invocation for the integrity of Pakistan.

Mr. Chagla used twenty-one musical instruments and thirty-eight different tones to compose Pakistan’s National Anthem.

Seven hundred twenty three poets submitted their songs to then Pakistani Government.

The eleven singers below had the honor to lend their voice to Pakistan’s National Anthem:

1. Ahmed Rushdi

2. Shamim Bano

3. Kokab Jehan

4. Rasheeda Begum

5. Najam Ara

6. Naseema Shaheen

7. Zawar Husain

8. Akhtar Abbas

9. Ghulam Dastagir

10. Anwar Zaheer

11. Akhtar Wassi

• The first colour film with the flag and anthem was produced on January 19, 1955 in the USA. — Compiled by the Surfer

NATIONAL ANTHEM NAME:

Pakistan National Anthem name is "Qaumi Tirana"

HISTORY:

As the partition of India approached and Pakistan was about to be established, there was neither a national anthem nor a flag of Pakistan in place.

Although the song 'Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad' accompanied the raising of the flag on 14 August, it was Azad's composition, 'Ai Sarzameen-e-Pak', approved by Qaid-e-Azam that was aired on Radio Lahore at the same time.

'Ai Sarzameen-e-Pak' remained Pakistan's National Anthem till the National Anthem Committee was established in December 1948.

The Committee approved Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chhagla's musical composition in 1950, but the

Lyrics to accompany it (Hafeez Jalandhari's 'Pak sarzamin shaad baad, Kishwar-e-haseen shaad baad').were not approved till 1954.

The new National Anthem was first broadcast by Radio Pakistan on August 13, 1954.

WHEN WAS PAKISTAN’S NATIONAL ANTHEM PLAYED?

When President Sukarno of Indonesia became the first foreign head of state to visit Pakistan on 30 January 1950, there was no Pakistani national anthem to be played.

In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran added urgency to the matter and resulted in the Government of Pakistan asking the NAC to submit an anthem without further delay.

The NAC Chairman, then Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted works was deemed suitable

The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by

Ahmed G. Chagla and submitted it for formal approval.

On 21 August, 1949, the Government of Pakistan adopted Chhagla’s tune for the national anthem.

The anthem, without lyrics, was performed for the first time for a foreign head of state on the state visit of the Shah of Iran to Pakistan in Karachi on 1 March 1950 by a Pakistan Navy band.

It was later played for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan during his official visit to the United States on 3 May 1950.

It was played before the NAC on 10 August 1950. Official recognition to the national

anthem, however, was not given until August 1954.

The NAC distributed records of the composed tune amongst prominent poets, who responded by writing and submitting several hundred songs for evaluation by the NAC.

Eventually, the lyrics written by Hafeez Jullundhri were approved and the new national anthem was broadcast publicly for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954, sung by Hafeez Jullundhri himself.

Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 16 August 1954. The composer, Ahmed G. Chagla, passed away in 1953, before the new national anthem was officially adopted.

NATIONAL ANTHEM (In Persian)

Pak Sarzameen shad bad 

Kishwar-e-Haseen shad bad

Tou Nishaan-e-Azm-e-aali Shan Arz-e-Pakistan

Markaz-e-yaqeen Shad bad

Pak Sarzameen ka nizaam

Qouwat-e-Akhouwat-e-Awam

Qaum mulk saltanat 

Painda tabinda bad Shad bad 

Manzil-e-murad

Parcham-e-Sitara-o-Hilal

Rahbar-e-Tarakkeey-o-Kamal

Tarjumaan-e-mazee-shaan-e-Hal Jan-e-Istaqbal

Saaya-e-Khuda-e-zuljalal

ENGLISH TRANSLATION:

Blessed be the sacred Land

Happy be the bounteous realm

Symbol of high resolve

Land of Pakistan

Blessed be thou citadel of faith

The order of this sacred land

Is the might of the brotherhood of the people

May the nation, the country, and the state

Shine in glory everlasting

Blessed be the goal of our ambition

This Flag of the Crescent and Star

Leads the way to progress and perfection

Interpreter of our past, glory of our present

Inspiration of our future

Symbol of Almighty’s protection

FACTS ABOUT PAKISTAN’S NATIONAL

ANTHEM:

Pakistan’s national Anthem was written by famous poet Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952.The language of National Anthem is Persian but only one word “KA” is in Urdu language.

Our National Anthem was composed by musician Ahmad G Chagla in 1949. There were used 21 music instruments and 38 different tones with playing time 1 minute and 20 seconds.

OCCASIONS ON WHICH NATIONAL ANTHEM PLAYED:

The national anthem is played during any event involving the

Hoisting of the flag for example Pakistan Day (March 23) Independence Day (August 14)

The anthem was also played during the Prime Minister’s visit to the United States.

USAGE:

National anthems are used in a wide array of contexts. Certain etiquette may be involved in the playing of a country's anthem. These usually involve

Military honors, standing up, removing headwear, etc.

In diplomatic situations the rules may be very formal.

There may also be presidential anthems, state anthems etc. for special occasions.

They are played on national holidays and festivals, and have also come to be closely connected with sporting events.

During sporting competitions, such as the Olympic Games, the national anthem of the gold medal winner is played at each medal ceremony; also played before games in many sports leagues,

When teams from two different nations play each other, the anthems of both nations are played, the host nation's anthem being played end.

Why is Pakistan's national anthem in Farsi (Persian language)?

Pak Sarzameen shad bad Kishwar-e-Haseen shad badTou Nishaan-e-Azm-e-aali shaan Arz-e-Pakistan

Markaz-e-yaqeen Shad badPak Sarzameen ka nizaam Qouwat-e-Akhouwat-e-AwamQaum mulk saltanat Painda tabinda bad Shad bad Manzil-e-muradParcham-e-Sitara-o-Hilal Rahbar-e-Tarakkeey-o-KamalTarjumaan-e-mazee-shaan-e-Hal Jan-e-IstaqbalSaaya-e-Khuda-e-zuljalal

Most of these are Farsi words.

Why is Pakistan's national anthem in Farsi when it’s not an official language?

Pakistan’s national anthem is written in the Persian language and it has only a single word “ka” in its national language Urdu.

Pakistan founder Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali

Jinnah requested poet Jagan Nath Azad from Lahore, to write national anthem of Pakistan.

Jagan Nath Azad wrote the national anthem which Quaid-e-Azam himself approved. While Quaid-e-Azam was alive that national anthem was broadcast from Radio Pakistan.

After Quaid-e-Azam died and some time has passed that national anthem was removed and anthem written by Hafeez Jalandhari was called the national anthem of Pakistan. And it was in Urdu 

CONTROVERSY

The Tirana-e-Pakistan's claim to be the first national anthem of Pakistan is disputed as there is no official record of it in the Government of Pakistan's archives, nor that of Radio Pakistan.

There is also no historical evidence to suggest that Jinnah ever asked Jaganath Azad to pen Pakistan's first national anthem.

Furthermore, the Tirana-e-Pakistan was never claimed to have been penned by Azad during his lifetime, nor was it ever published in any of his works during his lifetime.

For the first time in 2004, it was claimed by an Indian journalist that the first national anthem of Pakistan was written by Jagan Nath Azad, a Hindu poet from Lahore, on the personal request of Muhammad Ali Jinnah

It was alleged that Jinnah asked Azad to write the anthem on 11 August 1947 and that it was later approved by Jinnah as the official national anthem for the next year and a half

However, this claim is historically unsubstantiated, disputed and controversial.

Many historians, (including Dr. Safdar Mahmood and Aqeel Abbas Jafri) reject this claim and believe that Jagan Nath Azad neither met Jinnah nor wrote Pakistan's first national anthem.

This controversy about the poet of the national anthem of Pakistan by the claim of Jaganath Azad to be the one who wrote national anthem for Pakistan for the first time this claim has been rejected because of lack of empirical evidence.

ANTHEM WRITTEN BY PROF. JAGAN NATH AZAD

Aye SAR zameen-e-Pak

Zare tere hain aaj sitaron se tabnak

Roshan hai kehkashan se kahin aaj Teri khak

Tundi-e-hasdan pe ghalib hai tera swaak

Daman WO sil Gaya hai Jo tha mudaton se chaak

Aye SAR zameen-e-Pak!

Ab apne azm KO hai naya Rasta pasand

Apna watan hai aaj zamane main SAR buland

Pohncha sake ga is KO Na koi bhi Ab gazand

Apna alm a hai chand sitaron se bhi buland

Ab ham KO dekhtey hain atarad hon ya samaak

Aye SAR zameen-e-Pak!

Utra hai imtehan main watan aaj kamyab

Ab huriat ki zulf nahin mahiv-e-paich-o-taab

Daulat hai apne mulk ki be had-o-be hisaab

Hon Ge ham aap mulk ki daulat se faiz yab

Maghreb se hum KO khauf Na mashriq se hum KO baak

Aye SAR zameen-e-Pak!

Apne watan ka aaj badalne laga nizaam

Apne watan main aaj nahin hai koi Ghulam

Apna watan hai rah-e-taraqi pe tez gam

Azad, bamurad jawan bakht shad kaam

Ab itr bez hain Jo hawain thin zehr naak

Aye SAR zameen-e-Pak!

Zare tere hain aaj sitaron se tabnak

Roshan hai kehkashan se kahin aaj Teri khak

Aye SAR zameen-e-Pak!

NATIONAL ANTHEM FACT AND FICTION:

For some time now, some secularists in Pakistan have been suggesting that

(a) Jinnah was in favor of secularism, and therefore

(b) He commissioned a Hindu poet to write the national anthem of Pakistan but it was replaced by the present anthem after Jinnah’s death.

The National Anthem Committee (NAC), formed in December 1948, took two years to finalize a new anthem, finally choosing NAC member Hafeez Jullundhri poem from among 723 submissions.

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