Mycol. Res. 98 (5): 521-524 (1994) Printed in Great Britain 521

New synnematous foliicolous hyphomycetes from India

N. SRIVASTAVA, A. K. SRIVASTAVA AND KAMAL Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur-273009, India

Tandonella dolichoides sp. nov. on Dolichos biflorus and Sclerographiurn indicum sp. nov. on Derris scandens are described, illustrated and compared with known species.

Tandonella dolichoides N. Srivast., A. K. Srivast. & Kamal sp. nov. (Fig. 1)

Maculae amphigenae, orbiculares vel suborbiculares, 1-10 mm diam., interdum coalescentes, superne rubro brunneae, infeme brunneae, centro aliquantum leviter coloratae, margine spadiceae. Coloniae hypophyllae. Mycelium ex hyphis immersis vel superficialibus, pallide olivacis vel btunneis, laevis, septasis, usque 2 pm latis. Setae et hyphopodia absentia. Stroma superficiale, brunneum, ex contexu compacto 2-3 cellulis crassis, pseudoparenchymatosum. Synnemata hypophylla, cylindrica, determinata et parallella, solitaria vel usque 2 ex basi oriunda, laxa dispersa, erecta, recta, atro brunnea, versus apicem pallide brunnea, usque 250-1000 pm longa, 20-40 ym lata, regionem conidiogenam versus deminuta usque 12-25 pm, ex hyphis laxis composita. Conidiophora macronematosa, synnematosa, base medio brunnea, versus apicem pallide brunnea, in regione conidiogena patenter divergenta vel laxa, ad 50° axe verticale synnematum inserta, plerumque non ramosa, interdum versus apicem bifurcata, recta, laevia, septata, ad basim usque 2 pm lata, ad apicem versus regionem conidiogenam expansa usque 3.5 w lata et ad 8 geniculata. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, terminales vel intercalares, cylindricae, versus apicem deminutae, sympodiales, saepe regeneratione, olivaceo brunneae, laeves; loci conidiogenae 1-9, cicatricati, cicatricibus incrassati. Conidia solitaria, sicca, acropleurogena, laevia, pallide brunnea, cylindrica vel fusiformia, plerumque recta, 1-10 euseptata, interdum constricta. ad basim obconico tnmcata, versus apicem rotundata vel conico truncata, ornata dcatrice paulum incrassata ad basim vel utrumque apicem, usque 18-74 w longa, 3-7 lata ad partem valde crassam.

In foliis vivis Dolichos biflorus L. (Fabaceae); India U.P. Siddhart- hanagar Barhani. November, 1991. N. Srivastava, GPU/AK-1516 holotypus, HCIO-30865 & IMI 359228 isotypus.

Infection spots amphigenous, circular t o subcircular, 1-10 mm diam., sometimes coalescing, reddish brown on upper surface, brown on lower surface, centre somewhat lightly coloured with dark coloured margin. Colonies hypophyllous. Mycelium partly immersed and partly superficial, pale olivaceous to brown, smooth-walled, septate, up t o 2 Dm wide. Setae and hyphopodia absent. Sfromn superficial, brown, consisting of a compact plate 2-3 cells thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Syn- nemata hypophyllous, parallel-determinate, solitary or up to 2

attached at a common base, sparsely distributed within the lesions, erect, straight, dark brown, becoming pale brown towards the apex, 250-1000 pm long, 20-40 ym wide at the base, narrowing gradually to 12-25 ym in the terminal conidiogenous region and composed of loosely adherent hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous, mid brown to pale brown, partly divergent t o lax in the conidiogenous region, often orientated at u p t o 50° from the vertical axis of the synnema, mostly unbranched, sometimes bifurcated near t h e apex, straight, smooth-walled, septate, up t o 2 pm wide below, slightly expanding in the terminal conidiogenous region up t o 3.5 pm wide and up to 8 geniculate. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal o r in- tercalary, cylindrical, tapered at the apices, sympodial, frequently showing proliferative g o w t h , olivaceous brown, with 1-9 conidiogenous loci bearing conspicuous and thickened scars. Conidia solitary, dry acropleurogenous, smooth-walled, light brown, cylindrical t o fusiform, mostly straight, 1-10 euseptate, sometimes constricted at septa, tip rounded o r conico-truncate, base obconico-truncate, with slightly thickened hilum at one or both the ends, 18-74 pm long and 3-7 wide in the broadest part.

Comparison of morphotaxonomic characteristics of the present species with the other three species of Tandonella Prasad & Verma emend. Sutton & Pascoe (1987) shows that it is distinct from T . oleariae B. Sutton & Pascoe (1987) which has verruculose conidia and from T . ziziphia S. S. Prasad & R. A. B. Verma (1970) and T. tiliae Y. L. G u o & X. J. Liu (Guo, 1986) in having much longer conidiophores and longer as well as more septate conidia.

Sclerographium indicum N. Srivast., A. K. Srivast. & Karnal sp. nov. (Fig. 2)

Maculae arnphigenae, magnae, effusae, interdum tegentes per tohun foliurn, supeme clare brunneae, infeme albidae cum fusca margine. Coloniae hypophyllae, minutae, atrobrunneae, ad 105 Dm diam., laxe dispersae. Mycelium ex hyphis ramosis, septasis, irnmersis et super- ficiales; hyphae intemae olivacae, 1-6 I.UII latae; hyphae extemae

N e w synnematous foliicolous hyphomycetes from India

Fig. I. Tandonella dolichoides sp. nov. a. synnema, b. conidiophores, c. conidia, d. infection spots. Scales: upper, 20 urn; middle, 100 urn; lower, 20 mm.

brunneae vel atrobrunneae, 2 urn latae, anguste appressae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Synnemata hypophylla, laxe dispersa, determinata et parallella, solitaria, pilosella, erecta, recta, atrobrunnea, ex hyphis superficialibus oriunda et hyphis parallelis dense composita, ad 1600 wrn longa, infeme ad 35 prn lata, supeme ad 15 IN-I-I lata ad partem infra conidiogenam. Conidiophora macro- nematosa, synnematosa, subuliformia, glabra, interdum ramosa, plus minusve parallella, recta ve1 flexuosa, remote septata, ad basim fusco brunnea, angusta et glabra, ad 2 wm lata; versus apicem palliodora, inflata et vermculosa, ad 5 pm lata. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, terminales, interdum intercalares, plus minusve divergentes, sympo- diales, cylindricae, ovalae vel clavatae, usque 5-9 vm diarn., inflatae, vermculosae, pallide olivaceae; usque 1-6 denticulatae, denticulae ad 2 pm longae et latae, cicatricati, cicatricibus leniter incranati. Conidia solitaria, sicca, acropleurogena, non ramosa, cylindrica vel fusifonnia, apice rotundata, hscobrunnea, crasse venuculosa, o septata vel ad 9

transverse septata et 0-2 longitrorsurn septata, ad septa plus minusve constricta, usque 13-40 urn longa, 65-13.5 urn lata ad partem valde crassam.

In foliis vivis Derris scandens Benth. (Fabaceae); India U.P. Maharajganj Chowk forest, April, 1992, N. Srivastava; GPU/AK- 1743 holotypus, HCIO-30851 & IMI 359229 isotypus.

Infection spots large, amphigenous, spreading, sometimes covering the whole leaf surface, upper surface becoming light brown, lower surface whitish with brown margin. Colonies hypophyllous, dark brown, 105 pm diam., sparsely scattered in whitish lesions and producing 1-2 hair like synnemata per colony. Mycelium branched, septate, partly internal partly external; internal hyphae pale olivaceous, 1-6 ~ l m wide, spreading in air spaces inside the lower epidermis; external hyphae brown to dark brown, up to 2 pm wide, closely

N. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava and Kmal

Fig. 2. Sclerographium indicum sp. nov. a. synnemata, b. c 250 pm; b, c, d, 20 m; e, 20 mm.

:onidiophore, c. conidiogenous cells, d. conidia, e. infection spots. Scales: a,

appressed to lower leaf surface; Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Synnemafa hypophyllous, sparsely scattered, parallel-determinate, hair-like, erect, straight, dark brown, produced from superficial hyphae, compact, with individual threads closely adpressed, up to 1600 long, up to 35 Wrn wide just above the spreading base and slightly tapering up to 15 ym wide below the terminal conidiogenous part. Conidio- phores macronematous, symematous, subuliform, smooth- walled, sometimes branched, more or less parallel, straight or sometimes twisted; sparsely septate, dark brown, smooth and up to 2 ym wide below, paler, swollen, vermculose and up t o 5 pm wide above. Conidiogenow cells integrated, terminal, sometimes intercalary, more or less divergent, swollen, cylindrical, oval to clavate, up to 5-9 p.m dim., pale olivaceous, vermculose, sympodial, producing a succession of

1-6 conidia each on cylindrical denticles which are up to 2 ym long and 2 ym wide and bear conspicuous, slightly thickened scars. Conidia solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, unbranched, cylindrical to fusiform with rounded ends, dark brown, coarsely vermculose, 0-9 transversely septate and (rZ

longitudinally septate, more or less constricted at many or all of the septa, 13-40 ~ u n long, 6.5-13.5 w wide at the broadest part.

Only four species of Sclerographium Berk. (Berkeley, 1854) are Icnown: S. aferrimum Berk., S. frrligineum I. Hino & Katum., S. nanurn J. N . Kapoor & Munjal and S. phyllanfhicola Deighton (Berkeley, 1854; Hughes, 1951; Hino & Katumoto, 1957; Deighton, 1960; Ellis, 1971). Our collection is distinct from 5. nanum which has smooth walled conidia. It is also different from S. atm.mum, S. fuligineum and S. phyllanfhicola in forming

New synnematous foliicoIous hyphomycetes from India 524

distinct and characteristic leaf spots, comparatively longer Deighton. F. C. (1960). African b g i . I. ~ ~ c o l o ~ i c a l Papers 78, 25-28.

synnemata and different conidial measurements. Ellis, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceow Hypkomycetes. CAB International Mycological Institute, Kew, U.K. 608 pp.

Guo, Y.-L. (1986). Studies on hyphomycetes of Shenongjia. 111. Tandonella and Pkaeoisariopsis. Acta Mycologica Sinica. Supplement 1, 349-352.

Thanks are due C.S.l.R., New Delhi for assistance Hino, I. & Katumoto, K. (1957). Illustrationes fungorum bambusicolorum IV. to the first author. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture Yamaguti Universrty 7, 267-274.

Hughes, S. J. (1951). Sclerograpkium aterrimum Berkeley. Indian Pkytopathology 4 . 5 4 .

Prasad, S. S. & Verma, R. A. B. (1970). A new genus of Moniliales from India.

REFERENCES Indian Pkytopafhology 23, 111-1 13. Sutton, B. C. & Pascoe, I. G. (1987). Tandonella oleariae sp. nov. and generic

Berkeley, M. J. (1854). Decades of fungi; Decades XLVII, XLVIII (no. 472). separation of Tandonella and Sclerographiopsis. Australian Journal of Botany Hooker's ]ournal of Botany 6 , 209. 35, 183-191.

(Accepted 2 7 September 1993 )