new technologies and equipment 2015 - uc cooperative ...ucanr.edu/datastorefiles/234-2824.pdf ·...

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New Technologies and Equipment2015

Deirdre Holcroft

Holcroft Postharvest Consulting

[email protected]

Produce Marketing Association:5 DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FRESH PRODUCE INDUSTRY

1. Nanotechnology

2. Sensors and real‐time monitoring

3. Filtration

4. DNA fingerprinting

5. Big data

http://www.pma.com/system/files/Ideas_Paper‐5_Disruptive_Technologies_in_the_Fresh_Produce_Industry.pdf

Holcroft, Deirdre "New Technologies and Equipment" (c) 2015 Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

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Why is sensing

so important?


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Topics

1. Temperature sensing

2. Ethylene sensing

3. Ethylene control

4. Ripening and sensing

5. Decay or quality sensing

Temperature Sensing


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Post Mortem versus Real Time

Data from Intellipur www.intellipur.com

Power Off 16 hours of temp

abuse!

Power Off 16 hours of temp abuse!Reached 4.8°C

Power Off 7 hours of temp

abuse!

Post Mortem versus Real Time

Data from Intellipur www.intellipur.com


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Real Time Tracking Systems

Post‐harvest Handling: Temperature

Science

ManagementTechnology

Response to data

Postharvest principles

Measuring and recording data


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Typical Ethylene Concentrations

Rural: < 5ppb

Urban: <50 ppb

Heavy traffic: <1000 ppb1 ppm

= 1 sec in 11.5 days

1 ppb = 1 sec in nearly 32 years


DC: <13 ppmRetail: <2 ppm

Processor: < 133 ppm

Flower coolers:

13 ppm


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With apples: 200 ppb

Without apples: 29 ppb

Cold storage (apples + pears): <30 ppm

CA storage: <250 ppm



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Ethylene Effects on Shelf Life

Product Temp (°C)

Shelf life (days)

100 ppb <5 ppb

Butter lettuce 5 6 7

Green beans 0 14 20

Orange 2.5 80 130

Strawberry 0 4 10

Broccoli 5 14 35

Wills et al., 1999.

19‐147% increase in shelf

life

Ethylene Sensing

Gold Std Prices from 2014

Equipment Manufacturer/ Supplier PriceDetection limit

(ppb; nL/L)Response time

Kitagawa pump & tubes Kitagawa $395 ($64 tubes) 100 ppb 2 ‐10 min

Sensidyne Sensor & tubes Sensidyne $435 ($78 tubes) 100 ppb

Gasman CEA Instruments $616 100 ppb 90% in 20 sec

Dräger Pac 7000 Dräger $875 1000 ppb

Ethylene sensor with display North East Postharvest $1,550 1000 ppb 140 sec

Detcon Model DM‐700‐C2H4 Detcon $1,065‐1,955 500 ppb 140 sec

ICA515E or ICA 56 ICA $1290 or $1,540 200 ppb 90% in 60 sec

4000 Series Interscan $2,365‐2,500 50 ppb to 20 ppm

LD series Interscan $3,810‐4,805 50 ppb to 20 ppm

F‐900 or CID‐900 Felix Instruments $6,700 10 ppb <3 min

Explorer (portable GC) Photovac, Inc. $25,000 100 ppb 1‐4 min

LGR Los Gatos Research $27,000 1 ppb 1 second data rate

EDT 300 (Sensor Sense) Sensor Sense B.V. $40,000 0.3 ppb 5 sec

Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer Los Gatos Research >$30,000 100 ppb

Tiger‐I 2000 C2H4 Tiger Optics ? 1 ppb 80% in 2 min

G2106 Picarro Picarro $52,500 0.2 ppb 5 sec/5 min

Gas chromatograph Many manufacturers $14,000‐ $50,000 5 to 100 ppb 4‐10 mins


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Highly sensitive ethylene detector for on line

measurements of biological samples

Photo acoustic method

ETD‐300 SensorSense Ethylene detector

ETD‐300 ethylene detector


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control mock 1x Bc 1x

User friendly software data displayed in real‐time

Control

Mock infection

Infected with Botrytis 1x



ppb/v

1500 ppb

www.sensor‐sense.nl

Units: ppb/v or nL/h15 ppb


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Ethylene Monitoring Using Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy ‐ Picarro

Laser based optical absorption spectroscopy

Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography (Dr Adel Kader at UC Davis)


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CRDS Kiwifruit Cold Storage Monitoring

Kiwifruit stored with Asian pears until 10/14

144 ppb

Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy

Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy: Detection at the Speed of Light

http://www.tigeroptics.com/app/tigeroptics/info/cavity_ring_down_spectroscopy.php

http://www.lgrinc.com/


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A single, portable analyzer capable of simultaneous measurements of :• ethylene (100 ppb to 1000 ppm)• carbon dioxide (100 ppm to >10%)• water vapor (noncondensing)

http://www.lgrinc.com/

ExplorerPortable, battery operated

gas chromatograph with a PID

(photoionization detector)


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F‐900 Portable Ethylene Gas Analyzer

Includes options for :C2H4 – different ranges

CO2 – different ranges (respiration; CA)and O2

Research kit with sampling chamber

InexpensiveSmall

Simple FabricationLow Power

One Chip – Multiple Sensors

SnO2 nanoparticle‐based passive capacitive sensor

Single walled carbon nanotube‐based devices Biosensors Labels


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Slides provided by: Jan M. Schnorr, CTO, C2Sense LLC, March 2014 & 2015

[email protected]


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Better Tools


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Ethylene Management

Methods to reduce ethylene production and/or action:

Ventilation

Controlled or Modified Atmospheres

Ethylene oxidation

Ethylene adsorption

1‐MCP

Wills et al., 2014. Reduction of energy usage during storage and transport of bananas by management of exogenous ethylene levels.

Postharvest Biology and Technology:

Ship for 19 days at 24°C <2 ppb (summer)19 days at 17°C <40 ppb (winter)

Ethylene Control in Domestic Refrigerators

• 4 refrigerators each for control and Extrafresh discs (KMnO4)

• 6 Extrafresh discs/refrigerator

• Refrigerator doors were opened for 30 seconds 2 x day (early am & pm) to simulate mealtime activity in the home.

• Set temp 4°C/39°F

• 3 weeks for test

• produce assessed 2 / weekApples, asparagus, avocados, broccoli, green

cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, celery, cucumber, grapes, green pepper, kiwifruit, lemons, lettuce, honeydew melon, mushrooms, nectarines, pears,

satsumas, strawberries, tomatoes (!)

Rees et al., 2011


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Ethylene Control in Domestic Refrigerators

Opening the door reduced ethylene= ventilation

Extrafreshreduced ethylene

BUT little effect on fresh produce quality

Refrigerators were set at 4°C/39°F (manufacturer’s instructions).

Rees et al., 2011

Ozone on Ethylene

Ethylene (ppm or uL/L) in rooms at 1°C (32°F)

containing apples and pears when left untreated (control)

or when exposed to a constant concentration of 0.4

ppm ozone (Skog & Chu, 2001).

Effect of 0.04 ppm ozone on ethylene concentration in rooms containing 50 kg McIntosh apples as the ethylene source (Skog & Chu, 2001)

Control (no ozone) 1.5 – 2.0 ppm ethylene40 ppb ozone non detectable


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Ozone on Ethylene

A sealed (59.8 m3) container at 0°C (32°F) with ethylene 3.8 ppm (3.8 uL/L) and an ozone generator (Palou, Smilanick, Crisosto & Mansour, 2001).

Ozone reduced ethylene BUT

unless ozone was high it did not totally eliminate

ethylene.

OSHATWA = 300 ppb (0.3 ppm)STEL = 100 ppb (0.1 ppm)

Ethylene Release Canister®

Activated when required Supplies ethylene at a

constant rate for up to 7 days

Ideal for conditioning small orders

Reduced cost vs. ripening room installation or expansion

Small Scale or In‐Transit RIPENING


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RIPENESS SENSING


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93% would purchase a pre‐pack with ripesense® again

85% would increase the frequency of their pear purchasing

“I didn’t know pears could taste this good”

What consumers say about

ripesense®


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Launched in 2008: ripesense®

for avocado

Ripening and Sensing

• Provides real‐time ethylene readings

• Ethylene is measure by stable and reliable optical infrared sensor from SmartGas (Germany)

• Ethylene generators can produce ethylene on demand according to setpoints

• Controlled through an internet based system

• Email or text alerts

• Historical data on ethylene, temp, RH and CO2 (big data)

Catalytic Generatorswww.catalyticgenerators.com


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VOC for Early Decay Detection

E‐noses or Electronic Noses

Palottino et al., 2012. Electronic nose application for determinationof Penicillium digitatum in Valencia oranges. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92, 2008–2012.

Use of a printed disposable sensor array to detect food spoilage

Slides provided by: Nuria Queralto, PhD, iSense, March 2014

[email protected]


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‘Big Data’

Science

ManagementTechnology


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Advances in measuring equipment

Increased connectivity ‐ rapid data transfer

Passive to active responses

‘Big data’

Conclusions …


new technologies and equipment 2015 - uc cooperative ...ucanr.edu/datastorefiles/234-2824.pdf ·...

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