new urbanism is it really that new?
TRANSCRIPT
New Urbanism
Is It Really That New?
Thursday 7th May 2009
Introduction
Lets talk:
1. What’s New Urbanism?
2. Is it important?
3. What’s currently done?
4. What’s wrong.
1. What is it?
• Based on 7 C’s
– Context
– Character
– Choice
– Connections
– Creativity
– Custodianship
– Collaboration
1. What is it?
• NZ Urban Design Protocol
“Mixed use - A mix of retail outlets, cafes, bars and
professional offices attracts people to Vulcan Lane
in Auckland at all times of the day and night.”Source: Ministry for the Environment - You are here: Publications Urban
Summary of the Value of Urban Design Online version
“Mixed use - This mixed use development on
Parnell Road in Auckland combines apartment
living with shops at ground level.”Source: Ministry for the Environment - You are here: Publications Urban
Summary of the Value of Urban Design Online version (Source - Auckland
City Council.)
1. What is it?
• New Urbanism (USA)
– 1980’s design movement
• can include (neo)traditional neighborhood design, transit-
oriented development, and New Pedestrianism.
– 1991 Local Government Commission in Sacramento
California had a brain storming meeting
– Meeting was to develop a set of community principles
for land use planning
– Output was the ‘Ahwahnee Principles’
– 1993 Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) founded
1. What is it?
• Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU)
– Calthorpe, Duany, Moule, Plater-Zyberk, Polyzoides
• CNU's Charter of the New Urbanism says…
– diverse population
– pedestrian and public transport as well as the car
– accessible
– framed by architecture and landscape design
– celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building
practice
1. What is it?
• Andrés Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk
form DPZ (Duany, Plater-Zyberk)
1. What is it?
• Cluster Land Development (CLD) – a Hamlet
• Regional Center Development (RCD)– a Town or a Downtown
• Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)– a Town or a Downtown
• Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND)– a Village or an Urban Neighborhood
• Planned Unit Development (PUD)– Futurism ‘TND’
2. Is it important?
• Government says it is!
• “The government seeks improved, reliable access to the facilities and activities that enable all New Zealanders to participate fully in society and the economy.”
• Outcome from NZTS is “Improving access and mobility”
2. Is it important?
2. Is it important?
• Transport disadvantaged issues include:
– Urban form designed around the private car
– Lack of modal choice
– Affordability
– Disability
2. Is it important?
• Mobility is ‘on the network’It is usually measured as the ease of travel e.g. delay,
congestion, steps and grades etc.
• Access is ‘to the network’It is usually measured ‘yes’ or ‘no’ e.g. broadband,
walking distance to bus stop, enough money etc.
• Opportunity is ‘why the network’ existsIt is not usually measured.
2. Is it important?
Access Mobility
Opportunity
Accessibility
2. Is it important?
• Improving Accessibility
– Decreases social severance
– Increases economic competition
– Increases sustainable transport
– Makes better use of existing resources
• All outputs from New Urbanism!
3. What is currently done?
• Smartcode (DPZ)
• Florida Section Institute of Transportation
Engineers (FLITE)
• Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)
• and lots of other research…
3. Trip Generation
• Mode shift from cars to walk, cycle PT
• Internal capture rate
• TND vs PUD shift 0 – 60% car trips?
• The facts…
3. Trip Generation (FLITE)
3. Trip Generation (FLITE)
3. Trip Generation (FLITE)
R2 = 0.2025
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Research Study Site Size (Ha)
Inte
rnal C
ap
ture
(%
)
3. Trip Generation (ITE)
Work
ShopResidential
% Internal Capture
Overall
% Internal
Capture
3. Trip Generation (ITE)
3. Parking Rates
• Office and Residential – reduce by 29%
• Office and Lodging – reduce by 41%
• Office and Retail – reduce by 17%
3. Parking Rates
Office
RetailResidential
Shared Car Park
% Reduction
4. What’s wrong?
4. What's wrong
• Research not quoted (DPZ)
• Research not proven (USA vs NZ)
– But is probably transferable
• Research not applied appropriately
• Research not applied correctly
4. What’s wrong?
• Planned Unit Development (PUD)
Northwood, Christchurch, New Zealand
4. What’s wrong?
• Traditional Neighbourhood Development
(TND)
St Albans, Christchurch, New Zealand
4. What’s wrong?
• Planned Unit Development (PUD)
Northwood, Christchurch, New Zealand
4. What’s wrong?
• Traditional Neighbourhood Development
(TND)
St Albans, Christchurch, New Zealand
4. What’s wrong?
• Size 4.3Ha
St Albans, Christchurch, New Zealand
4. What’s wrong?
• Size ~min 132Ha
Summary
• Good reasons for New Urbanism
• Newish for USA, not so new for NZ
– There is a lot of TND in NZ!
• Concepts still transferable
– Futurism is out, post Modernism is in!
• Technical analysis needs polishing
• Some gross misapplication
New Urbanism
Is It Really That New?
Thursday 7th May 2009