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Blumea 58, 2013: 33–38www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651913X669707RESEARCH ARTICLE

INTRODUCTION

Magnoliasubg.Yulania(Spach)Rchb.comprisesofabout16species, mainly distributed in temperate and subtropical regions ofEastAsiaandNorthAmerica(Liu&Wu1996).However,themajority of these species are native to the mountainous regions ofeastandwestChina.Severalspeciesarecultivatedasorna-mental flowering trees in gardens as they have highly attractive flowersinspring.Formanyyearswehaveinvestigatedwildlocalities of this subgenus of Magnolia, especially in central and southernChina.Inthisstudy,twonewvarietiesofMagnolia are describedandillustrated.Liu’staxonomicsystemisusedinthisarticle(Liu&Wu1996).Chromosomecountsweremadebyprotocolspreviouslydescribed(Wangetal.2005).

Magnolia biondii Pamp.var.purpurascensY.L.Wang& S.Z.Zhang,var. nov.—Fig.1,2;Map1

A varietate typica differt surculis et foliis subtus dense albo-pilosis, corollis cupulatis, tepalis late obovatis fere omnibus extus a basi ad medium vel adapicempurpurascentibus.—Typus:Y.L. Wang Y20080308(holoSZG),China,Shaanxi province, Lueyang county,MountQinling, in deciduousforestalongastreamat thebottomofavalley,alt.1018m,N33°31'40",E106°09'37",8Mar.2008.

Deciduoustreesto18mtall.Barkpalegrey,smooth;oneortwoyearsoldtwigsgreen,usually3–4mmdiam,denselypaleyellowtowhiteappressed-pubescent.Petiole 1–2 cm, stipular scar1/5–1/3aslongasthepetiole;leafbladesnarrowlyel-liptic, narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate, 10–18 by 3–5 cm, beneathlightgreen,atfirstlanate-pubescent,abovedarkgreen;basecuneate,apexacutetoshortlyacuminate.Pedunclec.1cm;flowerbudserectwithpalegreyishbrownhair,spathe

2–7;flowerscup-shaped,precocious,lightfragrance,5–7cmdiam;tepals9,outer3tepalssepaloid,purplishredorlightred,linguoid,1–1.5cmlong;tepalsofmiddleandinnerwhorlsabaxi-ally purplish red or purplish red from base to middle, petal-like, obovate-oblong,3.7–5by1.8–3cm,erect;stamens8–10mmlong,filamentspurple3–4mm,anthers4–5mm;gynoecium2cmlong.Fruitingpeduncle1by0.7cm,withresiduallongsericeoushairs; fruitcylindrical,10–14cm long,mature fol-liclesred,suborbicular,compressedlaterally,tuberculate;redarilandblackseedswithdeepfurrow.Chromosomenumber:2n=2x=38. Distribution&Habitat—DistributedinSEGansuprovince(Huixian county), in SShaanxi province (Foping, Langao,Lueyang,Ningshan,Pingli,Xunyangcounties);indeciduousforests at 520–1320m.Flowering: February tomid-March;fruiting:ripeningAugusttoSeptember. Accompanying vegetation — Acer monoMaxim.,Betula platyphyllaSukaczev,Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)L’Hér.exVent., Castanea mollissima Blume, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.,Corylus heterophyllaFisch.exTrautv.,Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.,Diospyros lotusL.,Euptelea pleiospermum Hook.f.&Thomson,Helwingia chinensis Batalin, H. japonica (Thunb.)F.Dietr.,Juglans cathayensis Dode, Larix gmelini(Rupr.)Rupr.,Lindera obutusiloba Blume, L. pungensHemsl.,Lonicera tanguticaMaxim.,Magnolia sprengeriPamp.,Pinus armandii Franch.,P. tabuliformis Carrière, Populus adenopodaMaxim.,Quercus aliena Blume var.acuteserrataMaxim. exWenz., Rhus chinensisMill.,Sabina chinensis(L.)Antoine,Tsuga chinensis(Franch.)Pritz.,Vitis heyneana Roem.&Schult. Conservation—Inthepast,thisspecieshassufferedse-verely from large-scale forestry operations but the situation has recently improved as a result of the introduction of stringent forestry regulations.During fieldwork,weencountered onlyvery small groups composed of 1–3 but occasionally up to 10 individuals.Theyusuallyoccurredalongstreamsatthebottomofvalleys.Seedproductioncansometimesbeabundant.Youngseedlingswereveryrarelyfoundandtheninverylownumbers.TheflowerbudswereusedasmedicinalXinyiintheseareasinthepast.

New varieties of Magnolia biondii and Magnolia cylindrica (Magnoliaceae) in ChinaY.L.Wang1,2,E.Ejder 3,J.F.Yang1,Y.X.Kang4,W.Ye5,S.Z. Zhang1

1 FairylakeBotanicalGarden,Shenzhen&ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenzhen518004,China;

correspondingauthore-mail:shouzhouz@yahoo.com.cn.2 QinlingNationalBotanicalGarden,Xi’an710061,China.3 SwedishMagnoliaGroup,Laholm,Sweden.4 College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100,China.

5 Xi’anBotanicalGarden,Xi’an710061,China.

Key words

ChinaMagnoliaMagnolia biondiiMagnolia cylindricaMagnoliaceaetetraploidvariety

Abstract Magnolia biondiivar.purpurascensvar.nov.andMagnolia cylindricavar.purpurascensvar.nov.(Magnoliaceae)aredescribedastwonewvarietiesendemic toChina.Magnolia biondiivar.purpurascens is mainly restrictedtoforestsofShaanxiandSEGansuprovinces.Itdiffersfromthetypicalvariety,M. biondiivar.biondii, inthedenseindumentumofwhitehairsontwigsandthecup-shapedpurplishredflowers.Magnolia cylindricavar.purpurascensoccursinsecondaryforestsofJingningandSongyangcountiesofsouthernZhejiangprovince.Itdiffers from the typical variety, M. cylindricavar.cylindrica,inthecup-shapedflowersofpurplishredcolour.Thetwonew varieties are distinct in their distributions in both cases but share the chromosome numbers with their typical varieties.Magnolia biondii var. purpurascens is a diploid with 2n = 38, whereas M. cylindricavar.purpurascens is atetraploidwith2n=76.

Published on17June2013

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Fig.1 Magnolia biondiiPamp.var.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.Zhang.a.Flowerbud;b.flower;c.bract;d.outertepal;e.abaxialfaceofmiddletepal;f.adaxialfaceofmiddletepals;g.androeciumandgynoecium;h.stamen;i.twig;j.leaf;k.fruit.—DrawnbyCuiDH.

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35Y.L.Wangetal.:NewvarietiesofMagnolia

Fig. 2Photosofthetwospeciesandtheirvarieties.a–c,e.Magnolia biondiiPamp.var.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.ZhanginENingshancountyofShaanxiprovince;d.M. biondiiPamp.var.biondiifromHenan;f– i.M. cylindricaE.H.Wilsonvar.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.ZhanginJingningcountyofZhejiangprovince;j.M. cylindricaE.H.Wilsonvar.cylindricainHuangshanMtofAnhuiprovince.

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Fig. 3 Magnolia cylindricaE.H.Wilsonvar.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.Zhang.a.Flowerbud;b.flower;c.bract;d,e.outertepals;f.abaxialfaceofmiddletepal;g.adaxialfaceofmiddletepals;h,i.abaxialfaceofinnertepals;j.androeciumandgynoecium;k.twig;l.leaf.—DrawnbyCuiDH.

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37Y.L.Wangetal.:NewvarietiesofMagnolia

Additional specimens.China,Shaanxi,Lueyang,alt.1018m,N33°31'40",E106°09'37",9Aug.2006,Y.L. Wang, Y20060809(fruits)(SZG);Shaanxi,Xu-nyang,alt.520m,N33°08',E109°03',16Mar.2007,Y.L. Wang, Y20070316 (flowers) (SZB); Shaanxi, Foping, alt. 1184–1316m,N33°33'–33°35',E107°46'–107°50',25Apr.2010,Y.L. Wang Y201004251, Y201004254, Y201004256(fruits)(SZG);Gansu,Huixian,XiaolongshanNationalNaturalReserve,alt.1057m,N33°40',E106°19',27Apr.2010;Y.L. Wang, Y201004271, Y201004272 (fruits)(SZG).

Additional observations.China, Shaanxi, Langao, alt. 1022–1092m,N32°18'–32°19',E109°02';Shaanxi,Pingli,alt.739m,N32°18',E109°28';Shaanxi,Ningshan,alt.1092–1310m,N33°18'–33°19',E108°26'–108°29'.

Notes—ThenewvarietyshowsadistributiondistinctfromM. biondiivar.biondiiwhichoccursinChongqing,WHenan,WHubeiandNHunan(Liuetal.2004,Xiaetal.2008).Theflow-ersofvar.biondii are usually white with a pale or purplish red nerve or a pale red stain on the base of the tepals which reflex graduallyasinFig.2dwhichshowsamediumopenflower.Thereflexing continues and eventually the tepals hang down before fallingoff incontrasttovar.purpurascens where the purple-pigmentedtepalsarehelderectuntiltheyareshed.Previousstudiesrecordedthisvarietyasdiploid(Chenetal.1985,Lietal.1998).WehaveinvestigatedmanylocalitiesofM. biondiivar.biondii,coveringmostitsdistributionareaincludingtheXinyang,NanzhaoandLushicountiesinHenanprovince,MountShen-nongjiaandWufengcountyinHubeiprovince,CilicountyinHunanprovince.Allthetreesobservedinthoselocalitiesshowflowermorphology consistentwith that of var.biondii.ThespecimensfromsouthernShaanxiandGansu,heredescribedasthenewvar.purpurascens, are different, having flowers with erectandbroadlyobovatetepalsofdarkredcolourabaxially.WhileM. biondiivar.biondii often produce abundant but rather insignificantflowers,thenewvarietyheredescribed,M. biondii var.purpurascens, is an attractive garden tree for its shape and itspurpleorpurpleandwhiteflowers.

Magnolia cylindricaE.H.Wilsonvar.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.Zhang,var. nov.—Fig.2,3;Map1

A varietate typica differt corollis cupulatis, tepalis late obovatis fere omnibus extusabasiadmediumveladapicempurpurascentibus.—Typus:Y.L. Wang Y201015(holoSZG),China,Zhejiangprovince,Jingningcounty,deciduousforest,alt.1215m,N27°44',E119°38',27Feb.2010.

Deciduoustreesto8–12mtall.Barkpalegrey,smooth;twigsyellowishbrown.Petiole1.2–1.8cm,stipularscars1/5–1/3aslongaspetiole;leafbladesnarrowlyobovateorobovate-oblong,14–17by7–8cm,papery,greenabove,lightgreenbeneathwith densely short hairs, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse

oracute.Peduncle0.9–1.1cm,denselypaleyellowsericeous;flower buds ovoid, with pale greyish yellow to silvery grey long hairs;flowerscup-shaped,precocious;tepals9,outer3tepalssepaloid,triangularorlinguoid,0.8–3by0.5–0.9cm;tepalsofmiddle and inner whorls purplish red abaxially but sometimes more or less white at the apex, petal-like, obovate-oblong, 3.7–4.2by1.8–2.2cm,erect;stamens0.8–1.0cm,filamentbase purplish red, connective exerted and forming a tip or mucro;gynoeciumpurplishyellow,cylindrical-ovoid,1.2–1.5cmlong,50–65carpels.Chromosomenumber2n=4x=76accordingtocountinleafbudsamples. Distribution&Habitat—Endemic toJingningandSong-yangCounty,SouthofZhejiangProvince,China,inthesemi-evergreenbroad-leaved forests at 1100–1220m.Theareaof occurrence belongs to the oceanic monsoon climate of the subtropicalclimaticzone.TheJingningpopulationcomprised10treesofwhich7weresampledforflowersanddryleaves.Morethan20treeswereobserved inSongyangcountyand4were sampled for flowers and dry leaves.No fruitswerefoundineitherarea.Theflowershapeandothermorphologi-cal characters are very homogeneous in and between the two populations.Theabaxial tepal colour showssomevariationin theextensionof thewhitemarginat theapex.Noyoungseedlingswerefoundaroundthosetrees.Thepopulationsaredistributed within conservation areas of a local forest bureau andplantsareprotectedverywellinbothareas.Someindividu-als of M. cylindricavar.purpurascens grow on the slope of a valley,whereasotherswerefoundalongbrooklets.Flowering:fromtheendofFebruarytomiddleMarch;Fruiting:unseen. Accompanying vegetation — Alnus trabeculosaHand.-Mazz., Bretschneidera sinensisHemsl.,Camellia chekiangoleosaHu, Chimonobambusa quadrangularis(Franceschi)Makino,Emmenopterys henryiOliv.,Halesia macgregorii Chun, Pinus taiwanensisHayata,Taxus wallichianavar.mairei(Lemée&H.Lév.) L.K.Fu&NanLi.ThereisalsoalargerpopulationofMagnolia sinostellataP.L.Chiu&Z.H.Chengrowingtogetherwiththisva- rietyintheSongyangpopulation,butnoM. sinostellata indivi-dualwasobservedintheJingningpopulation.

Additional specimens.China,Zhejiangprovince,Jingning,alt.900–1100m, N27°44',E119°38',27Feb.2010,Y.L. Wang, Y201016, Y201017, Y201018; Zhejiang province,Songyang, alt. 880–1000m,N28°16', E119°32',26Mar.2012,Y.L. Wang, Y2012032601, Y2012032602, Y2012032604, Y2012032608.

Notes—Thenewvarietyisdistinctinitsseparatedistributioncompared with M. cylindricavar.cylindrica, which is found in the montanesparseforestatanaltitudeof600–1700inSAnhui, Zhejiang,JiangxiandNFujian(Liuetal.2004,Xiaetal.2008).

Map 1Investigatedlocalitiesofthetwospeciesstudiedandtheirtwonewvarieties: Magnolia biondiiPamp.var.biondii(ª)andM. biondiiPamp.var.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.Zhang (u),M. cylindrica E.H.Wilson var.cylindrica (▲)andM. cylindricaE.H.Wilsonvar.purpurascensY.L.Wang&S.Z.Zhang(«).

38 Blumea–Volume58/1,2013

Themajorityofknownlocalitiesofvar.cylindrica were inves-tigatedinthepastyearsincludingMountHuangshaninAnhuiprovince,MountWuyi andMountEfeng inFujianprovince,MountLushanandJingganginJiangxiprovince.Theflowersof the typical variety are usually white with a purplish red nerve abaxiallyonthebase.ThetepalsreflexastheflowerdevelopsasinFig.2jwhichshowsanopenflower.Thetepalswillkeepreflexingfurtheruntil theyhangdownandeventuallyfalloff.Thesefloralcharacters,whichwerecommontoallindividualsobserved in those localities of M. cylindrica var.cylindrica, differ from the erect purple-pigmented flowers of M. cylindrica var.purpurascensofSZhejiang.Thevar.purpurascens is tetraploid (likevar.cylindrica)inourchromosomecounts.Thisvarietyisanattractivegardentreebasedonitsnicetree-shapeandpurplishredflower.TheflowerbudsortreebarkarenotusedasmedicinalXinyiorHoupuintheseareas.

EtymologyIt isa coincidence that in the twodifferent species studied,Magnolia biondii and M. cylindrica flowers of similar shape and colour occur and are described here with the same epithet, purpurascens,forbothnewvarieties.

Some comments on wild materialTheflowerbudsofmostdeciduousMagnoliasaretraditionalsourcesoftheChineseherbalmedicineXinyi.Sometimeswildgrowingtreeswerefelledtoharvestflowerbuds.Themarketdemand for these products has decreased in recent years and the pressure on remaining wild Magnolia populations has eased.BudsofM. biondiiareamongthetypicalsourcesofXinyiand the usage has had a strong impact on wild populations of thisspecies.However,theuseinXinyimotivatedtheplantingof M. biondii trees at mountain farms for domestic or small commercial flower-budharvesting.These farmsareusuallyfoundinHenanandHubeiprovinces.Materialfromcultivatedspecimenshasnotbeenincludedinourinvestigation.

AcknowledgementsThe studywas supported by theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(grantnumber30970180)and theNationalSparkProgramofChina(grantnumber2010GA780012).ManythankstoDr.KEFlinckforthegenerousfinancialsupportandhisinterestinthestudy.TheauthorsaregratefultoYuan-KeXu,Li-MinYe,RaoLiuandothercol-leagues from Jingning Forestry Bureau, the staff from Caoyutang Forestry FarmandWangdongyangForestryFarm, LiangLiaoandYuan-RongLifromYangdangshanForestryBureau,Zhang-GuiGaoandLi-FangQuefromSongyangForestryBureau,Yu-ChaoChenandZhi-HuMafromAn-kangprefectureForestryBureau,Ning-ChaoTianfromNingshanForestryBureau,Zheng-PingLiaofromLangaoForestryBureaufortheirgenerousassistanceandcooperation.ManythankstoMeiYang,WeiYe,Ya-MeiShenandJun-JuanLiforcontributingtothefieldwork.ThanksareduetoZi-CanHeforthechromosomestudies.

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