new vocab cover - heachaminfant.norfolk.sch.uk · words for the year printed in redfrom year 1...
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Mathematical Vocabulary
The National Numeracy Strategy
Curriculum & Standards
Guidance
Headteachers &teachersPrimary schools
Status: recommended
Date of issue: December 2000
Ref: DfEE 0313/2000
1
Who is this book for?
The purpose of this book is to identify the words and phrases that children need tounderstand and use if they are to make good progress in mathematics. It is designed tosupport the National Numeracy Strategy alongside the Framework for TeachingMathematics.
This booklet will be of particular interest to you if you are:
a class teacher
a member of staff supporting pupils learning English as an additional language
a special needs teacher or assistant
a classroom assistant working with pupils in mathematics lessons
a parent or other adult supporting children in class or at home
Why is the book needed?
There are three main ways in which children’s failure to understand mathematical vocabularymay show itself: children do not respond to questions in lessons, they cannot do a task theyare set and/or they do poorly in tests.
Their lack of response may be because:
they do not understand the spoken or written instructions,
such as ‘draw a line between…’, ‘ring…’ or ‘find two different ways to…’
they are not familiar with the mathematical vocabulary,
that is, words such as ‘difference’, ‘subtract’, ‘divide’ or ‘product’
they may be confused about mathematical terms,
such as ‘odd’ or ‘table’, which have different meanings in everyday English
they may be confused about other words,
like ‘area’ or ‘divide’, which are used in everyday English and have similar, though more precise, meanings in mathematics
There are, then, practical reasons why children need to acquire appropriate vocabulary sothat they can participate in the activities, lessons and tests that are part of classroom life.There is, however, an even more important reason: mathematical language is crucial tochildren’s development of thinking. If children don’t have the vocabulary to talk about division,or perimeters, or numerical difference, they cannot make progress in understanding theseareas of mathematical knowledge.
Mathematical Vocabulary BookINTRODUCTION
2
How is the book organised and how can it be used?
To help you introduce appropriate mathematical language at the right time, this bookprovides four pages of vocabulary checklists for each year group. The first three pagesfor each year cover mathematical vocabulary relating to the Framework for TeachingMathematics, organised according to its five strands:
numbers and the number system
calculations
solving problems
handling data
measures, shape and space
Using and Applying Mathematics is integrated throughout.
The fourth page for each year group lists the language commonly used whengiving instructions about mathematical problems, both in questions in national testsand in published resources.
The words listed for each year include vocabulary from the previous year, with newwords for the year printed in red from Year 1 onwards. Some words may appear underdifferent strands in different years, as their meaning is expanded or made more specific.
Class teachers can use these lists to identify the vocabulary relating to a series oflessons they are planning. They can make provision for the introduction of new vocabulary and the consolidation of familiar terms. They can ask support staff andparents to emphasise this vocabulary for an appropriate period.
The checklists are not intended to be exhaustive; you can add more words if you wouldlike to do so.
How do children develop their understanding of mathematical vocabulary?
Teachers often use informal, everyday language in mathematics lessons before oralongside technical mathematical vocabulary. Although this can help children to graspthe meaning of different words and phrases, you will find that a structured approach tothe teaching and learning of vocabulary is essential if children are to move on andbegin using the correct mathematical terminology as soon as possible.
Some children may start school with a good understanding of mathematical wordswhen used informally, either in English or their home language. Find out the extent oftheir mathematical vocabulary and the depth of their understanding, and build on this.
You need to plan the introduction of new words in a suitable context, for example, withrelevant real objects, mathematical apparatus, pictures and/or diagrams. Explain theirmeanings carefully and rehearse them several times. Referring to new words only oncewill do little to promote learning. Encourage their use in context in oral sessions,particularly through your questioning. You can help sort out any ambiguities ormisconceptions your pupils may have through a range of open and closed questions.Use every opportunity to draw attention to new words or symbols with the whole class,in a group or when talking to individual pupils. The final stages are learning to read andwrite new mathematical vocabulary in a range of circumstances, ultimately spelling therelevant words correctly.
3
Regular, planned opportunities for development
It is not just younger children who need regular, planned opportunities to developtheir mathematical vocabulary. All children throughout Key Stages 1 and 2 need toexperience a cycle of oral work, reading and writing as outlined below.
oral work based on practical work
so that they have visual images and tactile experience of what mathematical wordsmean in a variety of contexts
other forms of oral work
so that they have opportunities to:
– listen to adults and other children using the words correctly
– acquire confidence and fluency in speaking, using complete sentences that include the new words and phrases, sometimes in chorus with others andsometimes individually
– describe, define and compare mathematical properties, positions, methods, patterns, relationships, rules
– discuss ways of tackling a problem, collecting data, organising their work…
– hypothesise or make predictions about possible results
– present, explain and justify their methods, results, solutions or reasoning, to the whole class or to a group or partner
– generalise, or describe examples that match a general statement
reading aloud and silently, sometimes as a whole class and sometimesindividually,for example, reading:
– numbers, signs and symbols, expressions and equations in blackboardpresentations
– instructions and explanations in workbooks, textbooks, CD-ROMs…
– texts with mathematical references in fiction and non-fiction books and booksof rhymes during the literacy hour as well as mathematics lessons
– labels and captions on classroom displays, in diagrams, graphs, charts andtables…
– definitions in illustrated dictionaries, including dictionaries that they themselveshave made, in order to discover synonyms, origins of words, words that start withthe same group of letters (such as triangle, tricycle, triplet, trisect…)
writing and recording in a variety of ways, progressing from words,phrases and short sentences to paragraphs and longer pieces of writing,for example:
– writing prose in order to describe, compare, predict, interpret, explain, justify…
– writing formulae, first using words, then symbols
– sketching and labelling diagrams in order to clarify their meaning
– drawing and labelling graphs, charts or tables, and interpreting and making predictions from the data in them, in mathematics and other subjects
4
?
?
The skill of questioning
Children cannot learn the meanings of words in isolation. The use of questions is crucial inhelping them to understand mathematical ideas and use mathematical terms correctly.
It is important to ask questions in different ways so that children who do not understand the first timemay pick up the meaning subsequently. Pupils for whom English is an additional language benefit and so will others who are not always familiar with the vocabulary and grammaticalstructures used in school.
It is easy to use certain types of questions — those that ask the listener to recall and applyfacts — more often than those that require a higher level of thinking. If you can use the fullrange of question types you will find that children begin to give more complex answers inwhich they explain their thinking.
Types of question
Recalling factsWhat is 3 add 7?How many days are there in a week?How many centimetres are there in a metre?Is 31 a prime number?
Applying factsTell me two numbers that have a difference of 12.What unit would you choose to measure the width of the table?What are the factors of 42?
Hypothesising or predictingEstimate the number of marbles in this jar.If we did our survey again on Friday, how likely is it that our graph would be the same?Roughly, what is 51 times 47?How many rectangles in the next diagram? And the next?
Designing and comparing proceduresHow might we count this pile of sticks?How could you subtract 37 from 82?How could we test a number to see if it is divisible by 6?How could we find the 20th triangular number? Are there other ways of doing it?
Interpreting resultsSo what does that tell us about numbers that end in 5 or 0?What does the graph tell us about the most common shoe size?So what can we say about the sum of the angles in a triangle?
Applying reasoningThe seven coins in my purse total 23p. What could they be?In how many different ways can four children sit at a round table?Why is the sum of two odd numbers always even?
5
?On this and the following page are further examples of questions tohelp you promote good dialogue and interaction in mathematicslessons
Below are examples of closed questions with just one correct answer and open questions which have a numberof different correct answers. Open questions give more children a chance to respond and they often provide agreater challenge for higher attaining pupils, who can be asked to think of alternative answers and, in suitablecases, to count all the different possibilities.
Closed questions Open questions
Count these cubes.
A chew costs 3p. A lolly costs 7p. What do they cost altogether?
What is 6 – 4?
What is 2 + 6 – 3?
Is 16 an even number?
Write a number in each box so that it equals the sum of the twonumbers on each side of it.
Copy and complete this addition table.
What are four threes?
What is 7 x 6?
How many centimetres are there in a metre?
Continue this sequence: 1, 2, 4…
What is one fifth add four fifths?
What is 10% of 300?
What is this shape called?
This graph shows room temperature on 19 May.
What was the temperature at 10.00 am?
How could we count these cubes?
A chew and a lolly cost 10p altogether. What couldeach sweet cost?
Tell me two numbers with a difference of 2.
What numbers can you make with 2, 3 and 6?
What even numbers lie between 10 and 20?
Write a number in each circle so that the number in each box equals the sum of the two numbers on each side of it. Find different ways of doing it.
Find different ways of completing this table.
Tell me two numbers with a product of 12.
If 7 x 6 = 42, what else can you work out?
Tell me two lengths that together make 1 metre.
Find different ways of continuing this sequence: 1, 2, 4…
Write eight different ways of adding two numbersto make 1.
Find ways of completing: …% of … = 30
Sketch some different triangles.
This graph shows room temperature on 19 May.
Can you explain it?
3 47
426
+ 7
10
11
12
13
3
7 4
9
0900 1000 1100 1200
19
18
17
16
15
°C
Time0900 1000 1100 1200
19
18
17
16
15
°C
Time
6
Ask children who are getting startedwith a piece of work:
How are you going to tackle this?
What information do you have? What do you needto find out or do?
What operation/s are you going to use?
Will you do it mentally, with pencil and paper,using a number line, with a calculator…? Why?
What method are you going to use? Why?
What equipment will you need?
What questions will you need to ask?
How are you going to record what you are doing?
What do you think the answer or result will be?Can you estimate or predict?
Make positive interventions to checkprogress while children are working,by asking:
Can you explain what you have done so far?What else is there to do?
Why did you decide to use this method or do itthis way?
Can you think of another method that might haveworked?
Could there be a quicker way of doing this?
What do you mean by…?
What did you notice when…?
Why did you decide to organise your results likethat?
Are you beginning to see a pattern or a rule?
Do you think that this would work with other numbers?
Have you thought of all the possibilities? How canyou be sure?
?Questions that can help to extend children’s thinking
Ask children who are stuck:
Can you describe the problem in your ownwords?
Can you talk me through what you have doneso far?
What did you do last time? What is different thistime?
Is there something that you already know thatmight help?
Could you try it with simpler numbers… fewer numbers… using a number line…?
What about putting things in order?
Would a table help, or a picture/diagram/graph?
Why not make a guess and check if it works?
Have you compared your work with anyoneelse’s?
During the plenary session ofa lesson ask:
How did you get your answer?
Can you describe your method/pattern/rule to usall? Can you explain why it works?
What could you try next?
Would it work with different numbers?
What if you had started with… rather than…?
What if you could only use…?
Is it a reasonable answer/result? What makesyou say so?
How did you check it?
What have you learned or found out today?
If you were doing it again, what would you do differently?
Having done this, when could you use thismethod/information/idea again?
Did you use any new words today? What do theymean? How do you spell them?
What are the key points or ideas that you need toremember for the next lesson?
7
Mathematical Vocabulary Checklists
RECEPTION to YEAR 6
RECEPTION
8
Counting and recognisingnumbers
COUNTING numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundrednonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos… tens… more, less, many, fewodd, evenevery otherhow many times?pattern, pairguess how many, estimatenearly, close to, about the same asjust over, just undertoo many, too few, enough, not enough
COMPARING AND ORDERING NUMBERSthe same number as, as many asOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenthlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetweenabove, below
Adding and subtracting
add, more, andmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredoubleone more, two more, ten more… how many more to make… ?how many more is… than…?take (away), leave how many are left/left over? how many have gone?one less, two less… ten less… how many fewer is… than…?difference betweenis the same as
RECEPTION
9
Solving problems
REASONING ABOUT NUMBERS OR SHAPESpatternpuzzleanswerright, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?count, sortgroup, setmatchsame, differentlist
PROBLEMS INVOLVING ‘REAL LIFE’OR MONEYcomparedoublehalf, halvepaircount out, share outleft, left over
moneycoinpenny, pence, poundpricecostbuysellspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheapercosts the same ashow much…? how many…?total
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecompareguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, close to, about the same asjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tallhigh, lowwide, narrowdeep, shallowthick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, near, close
MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestbalance, scales, weight
CAPACITYfullhalf fullemptyholdscontainer
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…day, weekbirthday, holidaymorning, afternoon, evening, nightbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, latequick, quicker, quickest, quicklyslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehour, o’clockclock, watch, hands
RECEPTION
10
EXPLORING PATTERNS, SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflatcurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, draw
3D SHAPEScubepyramidspherecone
2D SHAPEScircletrianglesquarerectanglestar
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalpatternrepeating patternmatch
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under above, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecornerdirectionleft, rightup, downforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away frommovementsliderollturn stretch, bend
RECEPTION
11
Instructions
listenjoin insay
thinkimagineremember
start fromstart withstart at
look atpoint toshow me
put, placefitarrangerearrangechange, change oversplitseparate
carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?
findchoosecollect
usemakebuild
tell medescribepick outtalk aboutexplainshow me
readwritetracecopycompletefinish, end
fill inshadecolour
tick, crossdrawdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringcostcountwork outanswercheck
General
same number/sdifferent number/smissing number/snumber facts
number line, number tracknumber squarenumber cardscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg board
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
YEAR 1
Words new to Year 1 are in red 12
Numbersand the number system
COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERSAND NUMBER SEQUENCES numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundrednonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos… tens… more, less, many, fewodd, evenevery otherhow many times?pattern, pair
PLACE VALUE AND ORDERING units, onestensexchangedigit‘teens’ numberthe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth, eleventh… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below
ESTIMATINGguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toabout the same asjust over, just undertoo many, too few, enough, not enough
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION+, add, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more… ten morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, take (away), minusleave how many are left/left over? how many have gone?one less, two less, ten less… how many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve=, equals, sign, is the same as
YEAR 1
Words new to Year 1 are in red13
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpatternpuzzleanswerright, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?count out, share out, left, left overnumber sentencesign, operation
MONEYmoneycoinpenny, pence, poundpricecostbuysellspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheapercosts the same ashow much…? how many…?total
Organising and using data
count, sort, votegroup, setlistsame, differenttable
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecompareguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, close to, about the same asjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tallhigh, lowwide, narrowdeep, shallowthick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, near, closemetreruler, metre stick
MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestbalance, scales, weight
CAPACITYfullhalf fullemptyholdscontainer
YEAR 1
Words new to Year 1 are in red 14
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, month, yearweekend, birthday, holidaymorning, afternoon, eveningnight, midnightbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, latequick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehour, o’clock, half pastclock, watch, handshow long ago?how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?how often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice
SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflatcurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, draw
3D SHAPEScubecuboidpyramidsphereconecylinder
2D SHAPEScircletrianglesquarerectanglestar
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalpatternrepeating patternmatch
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecentrecornerdirectionjourneyleft, rightup, downforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away frommovementsliderollturn, whole turn, half turnstretch, bend
Words new to Year 1 are in red
YEAR 1
15
Instructions
listenjoin insay
thinkimagineremember
start fromstart withstart at
look atpoint toshow me
put, placefitarrangerearrangechange, change oversplitseparate
carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?
findchoosecollect
usemakebuild
tell medescribepick outtalk aboutexplainshow me
readwriterecordtracecopycompletefinish, end
fill inshadecolour
tick, crossdrawdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringarrow
costcountwork outanswercheck
General
same number/sdifferent number/smissing number/snumber facts
number line, number tracknumber squarenumber cardsabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg board
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
YEAR 2
Words new to Year 2 are in red 16
Numbers and the number system
COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERSAND NUMBER SEQUENCESnumberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundredzero, one hundred, two hundred… one thousandnonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos, threes, fours, fives…count in tensmore, less, many, fewtallyodd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofsequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rule
PLACE VALUE AND ORDERINGunits, onestens, hundredsdigitone-, two- or three-digit number‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth… twentiethtwenty-first, twenty-second…last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below
ESTIMATING guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toabout the same asjust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround, nearest, round to the nearest ten
FRACTIONSpart, equal partsfractionone wholeone half, two halvesone quarter, two… three… four quarters
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION+, add, addition, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more... ten more... one hundred morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, subtraction, take (away), minusleave, how many are left/left over?one less, two less… ten less… one hundred lesshow many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve=, equals, sign, is the same astens boundary
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups of×, times, multiply, multiplied bymultiple ofonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups of÷, divide, divided by, divided intoleft, left over
YEAR 2
Words new to Year 2 are in red17
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol
MONEYmoneycoinpenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheaperhow much…? how many…?total
Organising and using data
count, tally, sort, votegraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setsame, differentlist, tablelabel, titlemost popular, most commonleast popular, least common
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecomparemeasuring scaleguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to, about the same asjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closemetre (m ), centimetre (cm )ruler, metre stick, tape measure
MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestkilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales, weight
CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )container
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month, yearweekend, birthday, holidaymorning, afternoon, evening, night, midnightbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, latequick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?hour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice
YEAR 2
Words new to Year 2 are in red 18
SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, curved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, drawsurface
3D SHAPEScubecuboidpyramidsphereconecylinder
2D SHAPEScircle, circulartriangle, triangularsquarerectangle, rectangularstarpentagonhexagonoctagon
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetryfoldmatchmirror line, reflectionpatternrepeating pattern
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecentrecornerdirectionjourney, routeleft, rightup, downhigher, lowerforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away fromclockwise, anti-clockwisemovementsliderollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turnright anglestraight linestretch, bend
Words new to Year 2 are in red19
YEAR 2
readwriterecordwrite in figurespresentrepresenttracecopycompletefinish, end
fill inshade, colourlabel
tick, crossdrawdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringarrow
cost, count, tally
calculatework outsolveanswercheck
General
same, differentmissing number/snumber factsnumber pairsnumber bonds
number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cardsnumber gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg boardgeo-strips
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
Instructions
listenjoin insayrecite
thinkimagineremember
start fromstart withstart at
look atpoint toshow me
put, placefitarrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit separate
carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?predictdescribe the patterndescribe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choosedecidecollect
usemakebuild
tell medescribenamepick outdiscusstalk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…
Words new to Year 3 are in red
YEAR 3
20
Numbers and the number system
COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERSAND NUMBER SEQUENCESnumberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundredzero, one hundred, two hundred… one thousandnonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos, threes, fours, fives…count in tens, hundredsmore, less, many, fewtallyodd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofsequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rulerelationship
PLACE VALUE AND ORDERINGunits, onestens, hundredsdigitone-, two- or three-digit number‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten more, one hundred moreone less, ten less, one hundred lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth… twentiethtwenty-first, twenty-second…last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below
ESTIMATING guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toapproximate, approximatelyabout the same asjust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down)nearest, round to the nearest ten
FRACTIONSpart, equal partsfractionone wholeone half, two halvesone quarter, two… three… four quartersone third, two thirds, three thirdsone tenth
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION+, add, addition, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more... ten more... one hundred morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, subtraction, take (away), minusleave, how many are left/left over?one less, two less… ten less… one hundred lesshow many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve=, equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundary
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups of×, times, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…
Words new to Year 3 are in red21
YEAR 3
group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups of÷, divide, division, divided by, divided intoleft, left over, remainder
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethodjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation
MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amountvalue, worth
Handling data
count, tally, sort, votegraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setlist, chart, bar chart table, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least common
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecomparemeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to, about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…kilometre (km ), metre (m ), centimetre (cm )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure
MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestkilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales, weight
CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )container
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month, year, centuryweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, datemorning, afternoon, evening, night, midnightam, pmbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrow
YEAR 3
Words new to Year 3 are in red 22
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetryfoldmatchmirror line, reflectionpatternrepeating pattern
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecentrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, downhigher, lowerforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgridrow, columnclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass pointnorth, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)horizontal, verticaldiagonalmovementsliderollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turnangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright anglestraight linestretch, bend
before, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?hour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice
SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, curved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, drawsurfaceright-angledvertex, verticeslayer, diagram
3D SHAPEScubecuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphereconecylinderprism
2D SHAPEScircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularsquarerectangle, rectangularstarpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonaloctagon, octagonalquadrilateral
Words new to Year 3 are in red23
YEAR 3
Instructions
listenjoin insayrecite
thinkimagineremember
start fromstart withstart at
look atpoint toshow me
put, placefitarrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit separate
carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?predictdescribe the patterndescribe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choosedecidecollect
usemakebuild
tell medescribenamepick outdiscusstalk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…show your working
readwriterecordwrite in figures
presentrepresentinterprettracecopycompletefinish, end
fill inshade, colourlabel
tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringarrow
cost, count, tally
calculatework outsolveinvestigatequestionanswercheck
General
same, differentmissing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value
number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cardsnumber gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg boardgeo-strips
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
YEAR 4
Words new to Year 4 are in red 24
Numbers and the number system
PLACE VALUE, ORDERING AND ROUNDINGunits, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:>, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller thanOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizefirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximatelyjust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest round to the nearest tenround to the nearest hundredinteger, positive, negativeabove/below zero, minus
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBERSEQUENCESnumber, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rulerelationshipsort, classify, property
FRACTIONS AND DECIMALSpart, equal partsfractionone wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixthfifth, tenth, twentiethproportion, in every, for everydecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal place
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTIONadd, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryinverse
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse
Words new to Year 4 are in red
YEAR 4
25
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethodjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation
MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amountvalue, worth
Handling data count, tally, sort, votesurvey, questionnaire, datagraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setlist, chart, bar chart, tally charttable, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least common
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unit
measuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeterkilometre (km ), metre (m )centimetre (cm ), millimetre (mm )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure
MASSmass: big, bigger, small, smaller, balancesweight: heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestweigh, weighskilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales
CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )pintcontainer, measuring cylinder
AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (cm 2)
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night
YEAR 4
Words new to Year 4 are in red 26
am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually
SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, linecurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, construct, draw, sketchcentre, radius, diameternetsurfaceangle, right-angledbase, square-basedvertex, verticeslayer, diagramregular, irregularconcave, convexopen, closed
3D SHAPES3D, three-dimensionalcubecuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphere, sphericalconecylinder, cylindricalprismtetrahedron, polyhedron
2D SHAPES2D, two-dimensionalcircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularequilateral triangle, isosceles triangle
squarerectangle, rectangular, oblongpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonalheptagonoctagon, octagonalpolygonquadrilateral
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetry, line symmetryfoldmatchmirror line, reflection, reflectpattern, repeating pattern, translation
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, below, top, bottom, sideon, in, outside, inside, aroundin front, behind, front, backbefore, after, beside, next toopposite, apartbetween, middle, edge, centrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, down, higher, lowerforwards, backwards, sideways, acrossclose, far, nearalong, through, to, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgridrow, columnorigin, coordinatesclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass point, north, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west(NE, NW, SE, SW)horizontal, vertical, diagonalmovementslide, rollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn, rotateangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright angledegreestraight linestretch, bendruler, set squareangle measurer, compasses
Words new to Year 4 are in red
YEAR 4
27
Instructions
listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me
put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit, separate
carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choose, decidecollect
use, make, build, construct
tell me, describe, name, pick outdiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…show your workingjustifymake a statement
read, write, recordwrite in figurespresent, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end
fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot
tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow
cost, count, tally
calculate, work out, solveinvestigate, questionanswercheck
General
same, differentmissing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value
number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
YEAR 5
Words new to Year 5 are in red 28
Numbers and the number system
PLACE VALUE, ORDERING AND ROUNDINGunits, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:>, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller than ≥, greater than or equal to≤, less than or equal toOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallest one… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizeascending/descending orderfirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, after, nextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately≈, is approximately equal tojust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest round to the nearest ten/hundredround to the nearest thousandintegerpositive, negativeabove/below zero, minus
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBERSEQUENCESnumber, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredict
pattern, pair, rulerelationshipsort, classify, propertyformuladivisible (by), divisibility, factorsquare numberone squared, two squared… (1
2, 2
2…)
FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, PERCENTAGES, RATIO AND PROPORTIONpart, equal partsfraction, proper/improper fractionmixed numbernumerator, denominatorequivalent, reduced to, cancelone wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixth, ninth, twelfthfifth, tenth, twentieth, hundredthproportion, ratioin every, for everyto every, as many asdecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal placepercentage, per cent, %
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTIONadd, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryunits boundary, tenths boundaryinverse
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equally
Words new to Year 5 are in red29
YEAR 5
one each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse
USING A CALCULATORcalculatordisplay, key, enter, clearconstant
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod, strategyjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation
MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amount, value, worthdiscountcurrency
Handling data
count, tally, sort, votesurvey, questionnairedata, databasegraph, block graph, line graphpictogram, representgroup, setlist, chart, bar chart, bar line charttally chart
table, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least commonmode, rangemaximum/minimum valueclassify, outcome
PROBABILITYfair, unfairlikely, unlikely, likelihoodcertain, uncertainprobable, possible, impossiblechance, good chancepoor chance, no chancerisk, doubt
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unitmeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeter kilometre (km ), metre (m )centimetre (cm ), millimetre (mm )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure
MASSmass: big, bigger, small, smaller, balancesweight: heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestweigh, weighskilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales
YEAR 5
Words new to Year 5 are in red 30
CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )pint, galloncontainer, measuring cylinder
AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (cm 2), square metre (m 2)square millimetre (mm 2)
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timer24-hour clock, 12-hour clockhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually
SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, linecurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, construct, draw, sketchcentre, radius, diameternetsurfaceangle, right-angledcongruentbase, square-basedvertex, verticeslayer, diagramregular, irregularconcave, convexopen, closed
3D SHAPES3D, three-dimensionalcube, cuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphere, sphericalconecylinder, cylindricalprismtetrahedron, polyhedron, octahedron
2D SHAPES2D, two-dimensionalcircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularequilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene trianglesquarerectangle, rectangular, oblongpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonalheptagonoctagon, octagonalpolygonquadrilateral
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetry, axis of symmetryline symmetry, reflective symmetry foldmatchmirror line, reflection, reflectpattern, repeating pattern, translation
Words new to Year 5 are in red31
YEAR 5
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, below, top, bottom, sideon, in, outside, inside, aroundin front, behind, front, backbefore, after, beside, next toopposite, apartbetween, middle, edge, centrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, down, higher, lowerforwards, backwards, sideways, acrossclose, far, nearalong, through, to, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgrid, row, columnorigin, coordinatesclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass point, north, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west(NE, NW, SE, SW)horizontal, vertical, diagonalparallel, perpendicularx-axis, y-axisquadrantmovementslide, rollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn rotate, rotationangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright angle, acute, obtusedegreestraight linestretch, bendruler, set square angle measurer, compasses, protractor
Instructions
listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me
put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit, separate
carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choose, decidecollect
use, make, build, construct, bisect
tell me, describe, name, pick out, identifydiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your method/answer/reasoninggive an example of…show how you…show your workingjustifymake a statement
read, write, recordwrite in figurespresent, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end
fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot
tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow
cost, count, tally
calculate, work out, solve, convertinvestigate, questionanswercheck
General
same, different missing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value
number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dice, spinnerdominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
YEAR 6
Words new to Year 6 are in red 32
Numbers and the number system
PLACE VALUE, ORDERING AND ROUNDINGunits, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:>, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller than ≥, greater than or equal to≤, less than or equal toOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizeascending/descending orderfirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately≈, is approximately equal tojust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest round to the nearest ten/hundred/thousandinteger, positive, negativeabove/below zero, minus
PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBERSEQUENCESnumber, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rule
relationshipsort, classify, propertyformuladivisible (by), divisibility, factor, factorisesquare numberone squared, two squared… (1
2, 2
2…)
prime, prime factor
FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, PERCENTAGES, RATIO AND PROPORTIONpart, equal partsfraction, proper/improper fractionmixed numbernumerator, denominatorequivalent, reduced to, cancelone wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixth, ninth, twelfthfifth, tenth, twentiethhundredth, thousandthproportion, ratioin every, for everyto every, as many asdecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal placepercentage, per cent, %
Calculations
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTIONadd, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryunits boundary, tenths boundaryinverse
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarray, row, columndouble, halve
Words new to Year 6 are in red33
YEAR 6
share, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible by inverse
USING A CALCULATORcalculator, display, keyenter, clear, sign changeconstant, recurring, memory, operation key
Solving problems
MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod, strategyjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation
MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amount, value, worthdiscount, profit, losscurrency
Handling data
count, tally, sort, votesurvey, questionnairedata, databasegraph, block graph, line graphpictogram, representgroup, set
list, chart, bar chart, bar line charttally charttable, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least commonmode, range, mean, average, medianstatistics, distributionmaximum/minimum valueclassify, outcome
PROBABILITYfair, unfairlikely, unlikely, likelihood, equally likelycertain, uncertainprobable, possible, impossiblechance, good chance, poor chance, no chanceequal chance, even chance, fifty-fifty chancerisk, doubtbiased, random
Measures, shape and space
MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unitmeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under
LENGTHlength, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeter, circumferencekilometre (km ), metre (m )centimetre (cm ), millimetre (mm )mile, yard, feet, foot, inches, inchruler, metre stick, tape measure, compasses
YEAR 6
Words new to Year 6 are in red 34
MASSmass: big, bigger, small, smaller, balancesweight: heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestweigh, weighstonne, kilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )pound (lb ), ounce (oz )balance, scales
CAPACITYcapacityfull, half full, emptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, centilitre (c l ), millilitre (ml )pint, galloncontainer, measuring cylinder
AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (cm 2), square metre (m 2)square millimetre (mm 2)
TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timer24-hour clock, 12-hour clockGreenwich Mean Time, British Summer TimeInternational Date Linehow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually
SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, linecurved, straightround
hollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, construct, draw, sketchcentre, radius, diametercircumference, concentric, arcnetsurfaceangle, right-angledcongruentintersecting, intersectionplanebase, square-basedvertex, verticeslayer, diagramregular, irregularconcave, convexopen, closedtangram
3D SHAPES3D, three-dimensionalcube, cuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphere, sphericalconecylinder, cylindricalprismtetrahedron, polyhedron, octahedron, dodecahedron
2D SHAPES2D, two-dimensionalcircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularequilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene trianglesquare, rhombusrectangle, rectangular, oblongpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonalheptagonoctagon, octagonalpolygonquadrilateralkiteparallelogram, trapezium
PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetry, axis of symmetryline symmetry, reflective symmetry foldmatchmirror line, reflection, reflectpattern, repeating pattern, translation
Words new to Year 6 are in red35
YEAR 6
POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, below, top, bottom, sideon, in, outside, inside, aroundin front, behind, front, backbefore, after, beside, next toopposite, apartbetween, middle, edge, centrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, down, higher, lowerforwards, backwards, sideways, acrossclose, far, nearalong, through, to, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgrid, row, columnorigin, coordinatesclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass point, north, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west(NE, NW, SE, SW)horizontal, vertical, diagonalparallel, perpendicularx-axis, y-axisquadrantmovementslide, rollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn, rotate, rotationangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright angle, acute, obtuse, reflexdegreestraight linestretch, bendruler, set square angle measurer, compasses, protractor
Instructions
listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me
put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change overadjusting, adjustsplit, separate
carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule
find, find all, find differentinvestigate
choose, decidecollect
use, make, build, construct, bisect
tell me, define, describe, name, pick out, identifydiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your method/answer/reasoninggive an example of…show how you…show your workingjustifymake a statement
read, write, recordwrite in figurespresent, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end
fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot
tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow
cost, count, tally
calculate, work out, solve, convert
investigate, interrogate (data), question, proveanswercheck
General
same, identical, different missing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value
number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dice, spinnerdominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips
same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order
notall, every, each
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Mathematical dictionariesEvery classroom needs a mathematical dictionary, suited to the age of the children. This could eitherbe a published version, or one which the children have made themselves. As well as being usefulfor children to look up the meanings of words, it will be on hand when the teacher needs to refer toa mathematical dictionary.