new york fashion week 3 (1)
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Colegiul National „Barbu Stirbei”
Lucrare de atestat
Elev, Prof. coordonator,
Mitu Elena Evelina Ion Veta
Calarasi !"#
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Ne$ %or&
'as(ion )ee&
Figure 1http://www.civilizatia.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Mercedes-Benz-Fashion-ee!-"ew-#or!-$pring-$u%%er-2014.&pg
Table of contents
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*rgu+ent.......................................................................................................................
Introduction...................................................................................................................
I.'as(ion $ee&...............................................................................................................-
I.".istor/......................................................................................................................-
I..'ounder....................................................................................................................#
I..Sc(edule....................................................................................................................0
I.-.1(e Big 'our.............................................................................................................2
II.Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&...........................................................................................""
II.".3rigins......................................................................................................................""
II.Location.....................................................................................................................""
II..istor/......................................................................................................................"
III.'as(ion design............................................................................................................."#
III.".4ead/ to $ear.........................................................................................................."0
Conclusion........................................................................................................................."2
Bibliogra5(/..................................................................................................................."6
Argument
M/ 5ro7ect is na+ed 8Ne$ %or& 9 'as(ion )ee&”. Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&, (eld in 'ebruar/
and Se5te+ber of eac( /ear, is a se+i:annual series of events ;generall/ lasting 29< da/s=
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$(en international fas(ion collections are s(o$n to bu/ers, t(e 5ress and t(e general 5ublic. It
consists of nu+erous branded events, including Ne$ %or& Cit/ 'as(ion )ee& Mercedes:Ben>
'as(ion )ee& Ne$ %or& and M*?E 'as(ion )ee&, as $ell as nu+erous inde5endent fas(ion
5roductions around to$n.It is one of four +a7or fas(ion $ee&s in t(e $orld, collectivel/
&no$n as t(e @Big -@, along $it( t(ose in Paris, London and Milan.
1(e +ain reason $(/ I c(ose t(is to5ic is t(at +/ 5assion is fas(ion and I believe t(at Ne$
%or& 'as(ion )ee& is t(e +ost brilliant fas(ion event in t(e $orld.*ll fa+ous 5roducers and
fas(ion (ouses in t(e $orld are ta&ing 5art to t(is event.4al5( Laurent Polo, Mic(ael Aors,
Victorina Beac&a+, Carolina errera, Calvin Alein and +ore fa+ous 5roducers are al$a/s
5resent to Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&, t(e/ al$a/s sur5rise t(e 5ublic $it( inovative clot(ing
and t(ats $(/ t(e/ are +/ favourite fas(ion 5roducers.
* fas(ion $ee& is a fas(ion industr/ event, lasting a55roi+atel/ one $ee&, $(ic( allo$s
fas(ion designers, brands or @(ouses@ to dis5la/ t(eir latest collections in run$a/ s(o$s and
bu/ers and t(e +edia to ta&e a loo& at t(e latest trends. Most i+5ortantl/, t(ese events let t(e
industr/ &no$ $(atDs @in@ and $(atDs @out@ for t(e season.
M/ $or& is divided in t(ree big c(a5ters, eac( of t(e+ (aving sub:c(a5ters. 1(e first c(a5ter,
na+ed ”'as(ion )ee&” is about t(e conce5t itself, $(at it +eans, t(e 5laces $(ere is (eld and
also about its (istor/ and founder, Eleanor La+bert. 'as(ion (istorian o(n *. 1iffan/ $as
+entored b/ La+bert. La+bert created t(e Council of 'as(ion ?esigners of *+erica. 3ne
source credits La+bert as @s(e $as a factor in t(e gross do+estic 5roduct of t(e F.S., and
even of t(e $orld@ for (er influence in t(e fas(ion industr/.La+bertDs influence is described as
eogenous event ris& in +at(e+atical +odeling. 1(e +ost 5ro+inent fas(ion $ee&s are (eldin t(e four fas(ion ca5itals of t(e $orld8Milan, Paris, Ne$ %or& and London. 3t(er
notable $ee&:long fas(ion events are (eld in cities around t(e $orld as Porto ;Portugal
'as(ion=, 4o+e, SGo Paulo;SGo Paulo 'as(ion )ee& = or Berlin ;Berlin Mercedes:Ben>
'as(ion )ee& =.
1(e second c(a5ter ”Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&” is about t(e 'as(ion )ee& t(at ta&es 5lace in
Ne$ %or&, $(ic( is t(e +ost i+5ortant 'as(ion )ee&, it contains infor+ation about its
origins,locations and (istor/. 1(e first Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& ;$(ic( $as t(en called @Press
)ee&@= $as t(e $orldDs first ever organi>ed fas(ion $ee&. 'irst (eld in "<-, t(e event $as
designed to attract attention a$a/ fro+ t(e 'renc( fas(ion during )orld )ar II, $(en fas(ionindustr/ insiders $ere unable to travel to Paris to see 'renc( fas(ion s(o$s.
In t(e last c(a5ter ”'as(ion ?esign” /ou $ill find infor+ation about t(e conce5t of fas(ion
design and read/ to $ear clot(es. 4ead/:to:$ear or 5rHt::5orter is t(e ter+ for factor/:
+adeclot(ing, sold in finis(ed condition, in standardi>ed si>es, as distinct fro+ +ade to
+easure or bes5o&e clot(ing tailored to a 5articular 5ersonDs fra+e. 3ff:t(e:5eg is so+eti+es
used for ite+s $(ic( are not clot(ing, suc( as (andbags. 4ead/:to:$ear (as rat(er different
connotations in t(e s5(eres of fas(ion and classic clot(ing. In t(e fas(ion industr/, designers
5roduce read/:to:$ear clot(ing intended to be $orn $it(out significant alteration, becauseclot(ing +ade to standard si>es fits +ost 5eo5le. 1(e/ use standard 5atterns, factor/
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eJui5+ent, and faster construction tec(niJues to &ee5 costs lo$, co+5ared to a custo+:se$n
version of t(e sa+e ite+. So+e fas(ion (ouses and fas(ion designers 5roduce +ass:5roduced
and industriall/ +anufactured read/:to:$ear lines, $(ile ot(ers offer gar+ents t(at, $(ile not
uniJue, are 5roduced in li+ited nu+bers.
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Introduction
* 'as(ion )ee& is a fas(ion industr/ event, t/5icall/ na+ed after t(e (ost cit/ or +a7or co++ercial s5onsor, lasting four to ten da/s. It is (eld so t(at fas(ion designers or @(ouses@
are able s(o$case t(eir @collections@ for eit(er S5ring or 'all seasons. @S5ring@ fas(ion $ee&s
are (eld in anuar/ t(roug( Marc( and @'all@ fas(ion $ee&s are (eld bet$een Se5te+ber and
Nove+ber, since t(e/ +ust be (eld a fe$ +ont(s in advance of t(e season to allo$ t(e 5ress
and bu/ers a c(ance to 5revie$ fas(ion designs for t(e follo$ing season. 1(is is also to allo$
ti+e for retailers to arrange to 5urc(ase or incor5orate t(e designers into t(eir retail
+ar&eting. 1(e/ are attended b/ bu/ers for +a7or stores, t(e +edia, celebrities, and +e+bers
of t(e entertain+ent industr/. 1(e (ig(lig(t is usuall/ t(e fa+ous @run$a/ s(o$@, $(ere t(e
to5 designers s(o$ and $ell:&no$n +odels are featured. MenDs and C(ildrenDs fas(ion s(o$s
are often 5art of t(e $ee&Ds activities, es5eciall/ in t(e 5ro+inent cities.In /ears 5ast, fas(ion
$ee&s $ere 5redo+inantl/@ for @t(e trade onl/@, (o$ever, toda/ t(e/ are entertain+ent and
+edia events. 1(e/ +a/ incor5orate live +usicians, celebrit/ guests, lavis( galas and c(arit/
events, and a fe$ allo$ t(e 5ublic to 5urc(ase s5ecial 5asses to see t(e see t(e run$a/ s(o$s
or attend e5ositions $(ic( dis5la/ (andbags, 7e$eler/, s(oes, (ats and cos+etics. Man/
i+5ortant fas(ion design sc(ools 5artici5ate in t(e s(o$s, as $ell. So+e fas(ion $ee&s can be
genre:s5ecific, suc( as a Pret:a:5orter ;read/:to:$ear= fas(ion $ee&, Couture ;one:of:a:&ind
designer original= 'as(ion )ee& or a Bridal 'as(ion )ee&.1(e +ost 5ro+inent and legendar/
'as(ion )ee&s are t(e follo$ing8London 'as(ion )ee&, Milan 'as(ion )ee&, Paris 'as(ion
)ee&, Los *ngeles Mercedes 'as(ion )ee&, Ne$ %or&Ds 3l/+5us 'as(ion )ee&, 1o&/o'as(ion )ee&.1(ere follo$ing 'as(ion )ee&s are (eld in cities $(ere local st/le t/5icall/
tends to set international fas(ion trends or t(e fas(ion industr/ is i+5ortant to local
co++erce8
*uc&land 'as(ion )ee&, *+sterda+ 'as(ion )ee&, Buda5est 'as(ion )ee&, C(icago
'as(ion )ee&, Cleveland 'as(ion )ee&, ?ublin 'as(ion )ee&, ong Aong 'as(ion )ee&,
India 'as(ion )ee&, Mia+i 'as(ion )ee&, 3slo 'as(ion )ee&, Singa5ore 'as(ion )ee&.
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I. Fashion Week
* fas(ion $ee& is a fas(ion industr/ event, lasting a55roi+atel/ one $ee&, $(ic( allo$s
fas(ion designers, brands or @(ouses@ to dis5la/ t(eir latest collections in run$a/ s(o$s and
bu/ers and t(e +edia to ta&e a loo& at t(e latest trends. Most i+5ortantl/, t(ese events let t(e
industr/ &no$ $(atDs @in@ and $(atDs @out@ for t(e season.
1(e +ost 5ro+inent fas(ion $ee&s are (eld in t(e four fas(ion ca5itals of t(e $orld8 Milan,
Paris, Ne$ %or& and London.3t(er notable $ee&:long fas(ion events are (eld in cities around
t(e $orld.*s Porto ;Portugal 'as(ion=, 4o+e, SGo Paulo ;SGo Paulo 'as(ion )ee&= or Berlin
;Berlin Mercedes:Ben> 'as(ion )ee&=.
I. 1. History
1(ere are +an/ 'as(ion $ee&s into t(e $orld but t(e +ost i+5ortant is t(e 'as(ion )ee& on
Paris. In "<-#, t(e first Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& $as (eld, $it( one +ain 5ur5ose8 to distract
attention fro+ 'renc( fas(ion during )orld )ar II, $(en $or&ers in t(e fas(ion industr/
$ere unable to travel to Paris. 1(is $as an o55ortune +o+ent, as @Before )orld )ar II,
*+erican designers $ere t(oug(t to be reliant on 'renc( couture for ins5iration.@1(e fas(ion
5ublicist Eleanor La+bert organi>ed an event s(e called KPress )ee& to s(o$case *+erican
designers for fas(ion 7ournalists, $(o (ad 5reviousl/ ignored t(eir $or&s. 1(e Press )ee&
$as a success, and, as a result,
+aga>ines li&e Vogue ;$(ic( $erenor+all/ filled $it( 'renc( designs=
began to feature +ore and +ore
*+erican innovations. Fntil "<<-,
s(o$s $ere (eld in different
locations, suc( as (otels, or lofts.
Eventuall/, after a structural accident
at a Mic(ael Aors s(o$, t(e event
+oved to Br/ant Par&, be(ind t(e
Ne$ %or& Public Librar/, $(ere it
re+ained until !"!, $(en t(e s(o$s
relocated to Lincoln Center.
o$ever, long before La+bert, t(ere
$ere fas(ion s(o$s t(roug(out
*+erica. In "<!, a Ne$ %or& Cit/ s(o5 called E(ric( Brot(ers 5ut on $(at is t(oug(t to
(ave been t(e countr/s first fas(ion s(o$ to lure +iddle:class fe+ales into t(e store. B/
"<"!, +an/ big de5art+ent stores $ere (olding s(o$s of t(eir o$n. It is li&el/ t(at *+erican
retailers sa$ t(at t(e/ $ere called Dfas(ion 5aradesD couture salons and decided to use t(e idea.
1(ese 5arades $ere an effective $a/ to 5ro+ote stores, and i+5roved t(eir status. B/ t(e
"<!s, t(e fas(ion s(o$ (ad been used b/ retailers u5 and do$n t(e countr/. 1(e/ $ere
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staged, and often (eld in t(e s(o5s restaurant during lunc( or teati+e. 1(ese s(o$s $ere
usuall/ +ore t(eatrical t(an t(ose of toda/, (eavil/ based u5on a single t(e+e, and
acco+5anied $it( a narrative co++entar/. 1(e s(o$s $ere (ugel/ 5o5ular, enticing cro$ds
in t(eir t(ousands 9 cro$ds so large, t(at stores in Ne$ %or& in t(e fifties (ad to obtain a
license to (ave live +odels.
I. 2. Founder
Eleanor La+bert Ber&son ;*ugust "!, "<! 9 3ctober 2, !!= $as a central figure in t(e
*+erican fas(ion and 5ublic relations industries.
La+bert $as born in Cra$fordsville, Indiana.S(e attended t(e o(n erron Sc(ool of *rt and
t(e C(icago *rt Institute to stud/ fas(ion.La+bart $anted to be a scul5tor but $ent into
advertising.S(e started at an advertising agenc/ in Man(attan, dealing +ostl/ $it( artists and
art galleries.
S(e $as +arried t$ice, firstl/ to )ills Conner, in t(e "<!s,$(ic(
ended in divorce and secondl/ to Se/+our Ber&son in
"<0, $(ic( ended $it( (is deat( in "<#<. Eleanor and
Se/+our (ad one son toget(er, t(e reno$ned 5oet Bill
Ber&son. S(e died in Man(attan in Ne$ %or& Cit/.
In t(e +id "<!s, La+bert $as t(e first Press ?irector of t(e
)(itne/ Museu+ of *+erican *rt and (el5ed $it( t(e
founding of t(e Museu+ of Modern
*rt.ac&son Polloc&, acob E5stein, andIsa+u Noguc(i $ere a fe$ of t(e +an/ artists
s(e re5resented.
In t(e "<-!s, La+bert founded t(e
International Best ?ressed List, t(e Cot/
'as(ion Critics *$ard ;in "<-=, and Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&.In "<#< and "<02, s(e $as
as&ed b/ t(e FS ?e5art+ent of State to 5resent *+erican fas(ion for t(e first ti+e in 4ussia,
er+an/, Ital/, *ustralia, a5an, Britain, and S$it>erland.
In "<0#, s(e $as a55ointed b/ President L/ndon o(nson to t(e National Council on t(e *rtsof t(e National Endo$+ent for t(e *rts.In "<0, s(e organi>ed t(e Council of 'as(ion
?esigners of *+erica ;C'?*= and sta/ed an (onorar/ +e+ber until (er deat( in !!.
In !!", t(e C'?* created 1(e Eleanor La+bert *$ard, t(at is 5resented for a uniJue
contribution to t(e $orld of fas(ion andor deserves t(e industr/s s5ecial recognition.”
Mont(s before s(e died, s(e (ad left (er International Best ?ressed List to four of Vanit/
'airs editors.S(ortl/ after (er last 5ublic a55earance at Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& in
Se5te+ber, La+bert died in !! at t(e age of "!!.S(ortl/ after (er deat( (er grandson,
Moses Ber&son, co+5leted a docu+entar/ fil+ fil+ about (er life.
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'as(ion (istorian o(n *. 1iffan/ $as
+entored b/ La+bert. La+bert created t(e
Council of 'as(ion ?esigners of *+erica.
3ne source credits La+bert as @s(e $as a
factor in t(e gross do+estic 5roduct of t(e
F.S., and even of t(e $orld@ for (er influence
in t(e fas(ion industr/.La+bertDs influence is
described as eogenous event ris& in
+at(e+atical +odeling.
I. 3. Schedule
Ne$ %or&, London, Milan and Paris eac( (ost a $o+ens$ear fas(ion $ee& t$ice a /ear $it(
Ne$ %or& beginning eac( season and t(e ot(er cities follo$ing in t(e afore+entioned order.
London, Milan and Paris (ost +ens$ear s(o$cases, as does 'lorence.
1(ere are t$o +a7or seasons 5er /ear : *utu+n)inter and S5ringSu++er. 'or
$o+ens$ear, t(e *utu+n)inter s(o$s al$a/s start in Ne$ %or& in 'ebruar/ and end in
Paris in Marc(. S5ringSu++er s(o$s start in Ne$ %or& in Se5te+ber and end in Paris in
3ctober. Mens$ear *utu+n)inter s(o$s start in anuar/ in London and Milan for t/5icall/
less t(an a $ee& follo$ed b/ anot(er s(ort $ee& in Paris. Mens$ear S5ringSu++er s(o$s
occur in une. )o+ens$ear (aute couture s(o$s (a55en in Paris follo$ing t(e Mens$ear
Paris s(o$s. ?ue to C(a+bre S/ndicale rules, (aute couture can onl/ be s(o$n in Paris.
More and +ore designers (ave s(o$n inter:seasonal collections bet$een t(e traditional*utu+n)inter and S5ringSu++er seasons. 1(ese collections are usuall/ +ore co++ercial
t(an t(e +ain season collections and (el5 s(orten t(e custo+erDs $ait for ne$ season clot(es.
1(e inter:seasonal collections are 4esortCruise ;before S5ringSu++er= and Pre:'all ;before
*utu+n)inter=. 1(ere is no fied sc(edule for t(ese s(o$s in an/ of t(e +a7or fas(ion
ca5itals but t(e/ t/5icall/ (a55en t(ree +ont(s after t(e +ain season s(o$s. So+e designers
s(o$ t(eir inter:seasonal collections outside t(eir (o+e cit/. 'or ea+5le, Aarl Lagerfeld (as
s(o$n (is 4esort and Pre:'all collections for C(anel in cities suc( as Mosco$, Los *ngeles
and Monte Carlo instead of Paris. Man/ designers also 5ut on 5resentations as o55osed to
traditional s(o$s during 4esort and Pre:'all eit(er to cut do$n costs or because t(e/ feel t(eclot(es can be better understood in t(is +ediu+.
So+e fas(ion $ee&s can be genre:s5ecific, suc( as a C(ristian 'as(ion )ee& ;values:based=,
Mia+i 'as(ion )ee& ;s$i+$ear=, 4io Su++er ;s$i+$ear=, PrHt:a:Porter ;read/:to:$ear=
'as(ion )ee&, Couture in Paris ;one:of:a:&ind designer original= 'as(ion )ee& and Bridal
'as(ion )ee&, $(ile Portland ;3regon, FS*= 'as(ion )ee& s(o$s so+e eco:friendl/
designers. Bread and Butter Berlin (osts t(e leading fas(ion s(o$ for ever/da/ fas(ion.
I. . The !ig Four
London Fashion Week
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London 'as(ion )ee& is a clot(ing trade s(o$ (eld in London t$ice eac( /ear, in 'ebruar/
and Se5te+ber. It is one of t(e @Big 'our@ fas(ion $ee&s, along $it( t(e Ne$ %or&, Milan
and Paris.3rganised b/ t(e Britis( 'as(ion Council ;B'C= for t(e London ?evelo5+ent
*genc/ $it( (el5 fro+ t(e ?e5art+ent for Business, Innovation and S&ills, London 'as(ion
)ee& first too& 5lace in "<6-. It currentl/ ran&s alongside Ne$ %or&, Paris and Milan as one
of t(e DBig 'ourD fas(ion $ee&s. It 5resents itself to funder as a trade event t(at also attracts
significant 5ress attention and
benefit to ta5a/ers. It is also able
to get an official s5onsors(i5 fro+
Mercedes:Ben>,a $orld$ide
&no$n auto+obile brand and
global (airdressing co+5an/ 1oni
O u/. It states t(at it is attended
b/ over #,!!! 5ress and bu/ers,
and (as esti+ated orders of -!+illion or "!! +illion. * retail:
focused event, London 'as(ion
)ee&end, ta&es 5lace i++ediatel/
after$ards at t(e sa+e venue and is
o5en to t(e general 5ublic.
1(e FA fas(ion industr/ is esti+ated to su55ort 2<2,!!! 7obs ;source8 3ford Econo+ics
!"-=. 1(is is a decrease of .Q fro+ !!<.
1(e current venue for +ost of t(e @on:sc(edule@ events is So+erset ouse in central London,$(ere a large +arJuee in t(e central court/ard (osts a series of cat$al& s(o$s b/ to5
designers and fas(ion (ouses, $(ile an e(ibition, (oused $it(in So+erset ouse itself,
s(o$s over "#! designers. o$ever, +an/ @off:sc(edule@ events, suc( as Vau(all 'as(ion
Scout and 3nR3ff, are organised b/ ot(er 5rivate:funded grou5s and ta&e 5lace at ot(er venues
in central London.
Milan Fashion Week
Milan 'as(ion )ee& ;Italian8 Setti+ana della +oda= is a clot(ing trade s(o$ (eld se+i:
annuall/ in Milan, Ital/. 1(e autu+n$inter event is (eld in 'ebruar/Marc( of eac( /ear, andt(e s5ringsu++er event is (eld in Se5te+ber3ctober of eac( /ear.
Milan 'as(ion )ee&, establis(ed in "<#6, is 5art of t(e global @Big 'our fas(ion $ee&s@, t(e
ot(ers being Paris 'as(ion )ee&, London 'as(ion )ee& and Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&.1(e
sc(edule begins $it( Ne$ %or&, follo$ed b/ London, and t(en Milan, and ending $it( Paris.
Milan 'as(ion )ee& is o$ned b/ Ca+era Na>ionale della Moda Italiana ;1(e National
C(a+ber for Italian 'as(ion=, a non:5rofit association $(ic( disci5lines, co:ordinates and
5ro+otes t(e develo5+ent of Italian fas(ionT and is res5onsible for (osting t(e fas(ion
events and s(o$s of Milan. 1(e Ca+era Sindacale della Moda Italiana, $as set u5 on "" une
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"<#6. 1(is $as t(e forerunner of t(e bod/ $(ic( subseJuentl/ beca+e t(e Ca+era Na>ionale
della Moda Italiana.
Pro5rietors of t(e +ost i+5ortant establis(+ents in Ital/, including so+e 5rivate
establis(+ents, $(ic(, in t(ose da/s, 5la/ed a crucial role in t(e 5ro+otion of t(is sector,
$ere 5resent at t(e Me+orandu+ of *ssociation8 4oberto Ca5ucci, E+ilio Sc(ubert(, Maria
*ntonelli, Princess Caracciolo innetti, *lberto 'agiani, iovanni Cesare uidi, er+ana
Marucelli, Si+onetta Colonna ?i CesarU, ole Vene>iani, 'rancesco Borrello, iovanni
Battista iorgini, and t(e la$/er Pietro Parisio.
1(e events dedicated to $o+enDs fas(ion are t(e +ost i+5ortant ;)o+ens$ear Milan SS
)o+en 4ead/ to )ear, and Milano Moda
?onna being t(e +a7or fas(ion s(o$s=. 1(e
su++er events dedicated to +en include
Mens$ear and Milano Moda Fo+o.
In !", t(e fall$inter Milan 'as(ion )ee& started on
anuar/ ! $it( Paola 'rani, and $as
follo$ed b/ s(o$s fro+ +a7or fas(ion
(ouses suc( as *r+ani, 4oberto
Cavalli, ?olce O abbana, Etro,
'endi, 'erraga+o, ucci, il Sander, Marni, Ma Mara, Mosc(ino, Prada, Pucci, 1odDs,
Versace etc. but also b/ s(o$s fro+ ne$ labels and /ounger designers suc( as 'austo Puglisi,
Scogna+iglio, abriele Colangelo, Stella ean, MSM, N", Marco ?e Vincen>o etc. 3n !
Nove+ber !", iorgio *r+ani announced (e (as decided to 7oin t(e Italian C(a+ber of 'as(ion.
Paris Fashion Week
Paris 'as(ion )ee& is a clot(ing trade s(o$ (eld biannuall/ in Paris, 'rance $it(
s5ringsu++er and autu+n$inter events (eld eac( /ear. ?ates are deter+ined b/ t(e 'renc(
'as(ion 'ederation. Currentl/, 'as(ion )ee& is (eld in t(e Carrousel du Louvre, as $ell as at
various ot(er venues t(roug(out t(e cit/.
Paris 'as(ion )ee& is 5art of t(e global @Big -@ fas(ion $ee&s, t(e ot(ers being London
'as(ion )ee&, Milan 'as(ion )ee& and Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&.1(e sc(edule begins $it(
Ne$ %or&, follo$ed b/ London, and t(en Milan and ends in Paris.
11
Figure http://www.villeinitalia.co%/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/Milano-+ashion-wee!-
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In !", Paris 'as(ion )ee&
;s5ringsu++er season= started
Se5te+ber 0 $it( Lucien
Pellat 'inet, and $as follo$ed
b/ s(o$s fro+ +a7or fas(ion
(ouses suc( as u/ Laroc(e,
?ries Van Noten, Co++e des
arWons, C(ristian ?ior,
Lanvin, Isabel Marant, Sonia
4/&iel, ean Paul aultier,
Balenciaga, and +ore. 1(ese
run$a/ s(o$s are (eld to s(o$
t(e fas(ion industr/ $(at t(e
various labels $ill be releasing and to increase sales for t(e brands.
In addition to read/:to:$ear s(o$s, t(ere are +enDs and (aute couture s(o$s, $(ic( are (eld
se+iannuall/ for t(e s5ringsu++er and autu+n$inter seasons.
Berlin Fashion Week
Berlin 'as(ion )ee& ;Berliner Mode$oc(e= is a fas(ion $ee& (eld t$ice annuall/ ;in anuar/
and ul/= in Berlin, er+an/. Since its establis(+ent in ul/ !!2 it (as gained great
international attention for its +an/ creative /oung designers $(o are flouris(ing in t(e
fas(ion ca5ital of Berlin.Since ul/ !"", t(e
event ta&es 5art in front of t(e fa+ousland+ar& Brandenburg ate.
In coo5eration $it( Elle, Mercedes:Ben>
'as(ion )ee& features /oung international
talents in an eclusive s(o$ ;since
S5ringSu++er !" season=. 'as(ion
entre5reneurs can vie in t(e Start /our 'as(ion
Business co+5etition. *not(er i+5ortant event
for /oung designers is t(e ?esigner for
1o+orro$ *$ard, $(ic( is (eld ever/ su++er season. * 7ur/, $(ic( fa+ous designer Marc
acobs belongs to, c(ooses a $inner $(o $ill be able to 5resent (is o$n s(o$ in t(e net
$inter season.
*not(er s5ecialt/ is t(e Berlin F:Ba(n fas(ion s(o$, t(at ta&es 5lace in a c(artered train of
t(e F# line.
?ifferent trade fairs are an essential 5art of t(e Berlin 'as(ion )ee&, suc( as B4E*? O
BF11E4, Pre+iu+ 'air, Brig(t 1rades(o$, ;ca5sule=, S(o$O3rder, Panora+aBerlin and
1(e aller/ Berlin. )idel/ 5ublicl/ available are t(e s(o$floors at Mercedes:Ben>
12
Figure 3http://d.i'ti%es.co.u!/en/+ull/(03(1/paris-+ashion-wee!-peter-coppings-collection.&pgw540
Figure
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s(o$floor, S(o$floor Berlin, Lavera S(o$floor, 4EEN s(o$roo+ and Et(ical 'as(ion
S(o$.
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II. "e# $ork Fashion Week
Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&, (eld in 'ebruar/ and Se5te+ber of eac( /ear, is a se+i:annual
series of events ;generall/ lasting 29< da/s= $(en international fas(ion collections are s(o$n
to bu/ers, t(e 5ress and t(e general 5ublic. It consists of nu+erous branded events, including
Ne$ %or& Cit/ 'as(ion )ee& Mercedes:Ben> 'as(ion )ee& Ne$ %or& and M*?E 'as(ion
)ee&,as $ell as nu+erous inde5endent fas(ion 5roductions around to$n.It is one of four
+a7or fas(ion $ee&s in t(e $orld, collectivel/ &no$n as t(e @Big -,@ along $it( t(ose in
Paris, London and Milan.*lt(oug( t(ese are t(e four +ost establis(ed, t(ere are nu+erous
s+aller fas(ion events around t(e $orld.
Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& is a cit/$ide series of t$ice:annuall/ occurring fas(ion events,
$(ic( (as +ulti5le 5roducers.
II. 1. %rigins
1(e first Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& ;$(ic( $as t(en called @Press )ee&@= $as t(e $orldDs firstever organi>ed fas(ion $ee&. 'irst (eld in "<-, t(e event $as designed to attract attention
a$a/ fro+ t(e 'renc( fas(ion during )orld )ar II, $(en fas(ion industr/ insiders $ere
unable to travel to Paris to see 'renc( fas(ion s(o$s. 'as(ion 5ublicist Eleanor La+bert
organi>ed an event s(e called @Press )ee&@ to s(o$case *+erican designers for fas(ion
7ournalists, $(o (ad 5reviousl/ neglected t(eir innovations;Bu/ers $ere not ad+itted to t(e
s(o$s, and instead (ad to visit designersD s(o$roo+s.= Press )ee& $as a success, and fas(ion
+aga>ines li&e Vogue, $(ic( $ere nor+all/ filled $it( 'renc( designs, increasingl/ featured
*+erican fas(ion.
II. 2. &ocation
14
Figure 10http://www.civilizatia.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Mercedes-Benz-Fashion-ee!-"ew-#or!-$ rin -$u%%er-2014.
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In "<<, t(e Council of 'as(ion ?esigners of *+erica consolidated Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&
b/ staging it in a cluster of $(ite tents in Br/ant Par&.1(e event $as branded $it( t(e
trade+ar& 2t( on Sit(, $(ic( $as in !!" $as sold to IM.In !"!, IM +oved t(e tents to
t(e Lincoln Center for t(e Perfor+ing *rts.*d+ission to s(o$s at Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&,
$(et(er in t(e tents or offsite, is t/5icall/ b/ invitation onl/.
II. 3. History
2009
*t t(e 'all !!< 'as(ion )ee&, t(e 5ublic got a taste of tec(nolog/ as it is s(a5ing
t(e future of fas(ion. It is not onl/
+a&ing it c(ea5er and easier for
designers to create t(eir collections, it
is also saving t(e+ travel ti+e as
+an/ broadcast t(eir lines over
t(e Internet. Man/ designers
o5ted to not onl/ +ar&et online but
also sell eclusivel/ online.
?esigner Nor+a Aa+ali and t(e
Polo 4al5( Lauren 4ugb/ brand
bot( (ave an a55lication for t(e
*55le iP(one. In t(e Vivienne
1a+ s(o$, +odels $al&ed t(e
run$a/ carr/ing e$lettPac&ard +ini noteboo&
co+5uters instead of t(e e5ected (andbag. Mercedes:Ben> officiall/ beca+e t(e s5onsor of
t(e event, and Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& $as called @Mercedes:Ben> 'as(ion )ee&@ fro+
t(en.
Because of t(e recession affecting +ost of t(e $orld, designers $ere ste55ing outside of t(e
bo for fall !!<. In 5revious /ears, fas(ion (ouses $ould be e5ecting costs u5 to X2#!,!!!
to 5roduce a Jualit/ run$a/ s(o$. 1(e idea of using +anneJuins to dis5la/ clot(ing $as used
b/ establis(ed designers Betse/ o(nson and Vera )ang as a $a/ to cut +odel and run$a/
costs : even t(e +anneJuins t(e+selves can be rented instead of boug(t.Mara off+an,Sergio ?avila and Nic(olas A saved -! 5ercent of t(eir costs b/ co+bining t(eir se5arate
lines into one s(o$. *not(er trend seen during fall !!< 'as(ion )ee& $as recession friendl/
fas(ion. * nu+ber of 5ieces dis5la/ed $ere ite+s t(at could be $orn in t(e fall and carr/ over
to t(e s5ring. * 5o5ular sta5le $as bold color dressed t(at could be $orn over a turtlenec& in
colder $eat(er and stand alone in t(e s5ringY convertible bla>ers $ere introduced b/ Vera
)ang and Aaren )al&er as a $a/ to get double t(e $ear out of one 5iece.
2010
?ue to increasing 5ressure fro+ Br/ant Par& +anage+ent, Mercedes:Ben> 'as(ion )ee& $as(osted in ?a+rosc( Par& at t(e Lincoln Center for t(e Perfor+ing *rts for t(e first ti+e in
15
Figure 11http://www.a%dlawgroup.co%/wp-content/u loads/2014/12/new- or!-+ashion-wee!-+all-winter-
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Se5te+ber !"!. In addition to t(e ne$ location, Mercedes:Ben> 'as(ion )ee& 5artnered
$it( 'as(ion PS, a ne$ tec(nolog/ t(at offered Juic& seating and c(ec&:in for guests at t(e
s(o$s.
2011
1(e !"" Mercedes:Ben> 'all 'as(ion $ee& collection $ill be
s(o$cased starting t(e second $ee& of 'ebruar/
and $ill be (eld at t(e Lincoln Center for
Perfor+ing *rts.1(e Lincoln Center for t(e
Perfor+ing *rts offers an additional "2,!!!
sJuare feet of s5ace, but t(e location c(ange
is still receiving +ied revie$s.
1(ere initiall/ a55eared to be a trend to$ard dar&er and +ore
so+ber designs.
2012
?ates for t(e !" s(o$s $ere Se5te+ber #9", !" ;S5ringSu++er !"= and 'ebruar/
29"-, !" ;'all)inter !"=.Not(ing significant t(is /ear.
2013
1(e Mercedes Ben> 'as(ion
)ee& S5ringSu++er !"-
s(o$s at Lincoln Center ran
fro+ Se5te+ber #9", !",
alt(oug( inde5endent s(o$s
began a da/ earlier.3n
Nove+ber -, !", IM
announced t(at it is outsourcing
5roduction of its Ne$ %or& and
Mia+i fas(ion $ee&s to L?
Productions.
2014
'or t(e 'ebruar/ !"- Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&, t(e 1or/ Burc( brand $as t(e first to use
oogles Lig(tbo, $(ic( is oogles custo+ brand ec(ange, to livestrea+ video of t(e
run$a/ s(o$.*lso in 'ebruar/ !"-, ?r. ?anielle S(e/5u& beca+e t(e first $(eelc(air:using+odel to a55ear in a s(o$ for Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&Y s(e +odeled for designer Carrie
16
Figure 12http://www.ecouterre.co%/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ecouterre-new-,or!-+ashion-wee!-spring-su%%er-2012-
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a++er.In Se5te+ber !"-, Aaren Cres5o beca+e t(e first Juadru5le:a+5utee to $al& at
Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&, also for Carrie a++er.
3n ?ece+ber ", !"-, a Ne$ %or& state court a55roved a settle+ent in a la$suit b/co++unit/ activists over $(et(er allo$ing t(e Mercedes Ben> 'as(ion )ee& tents in
?a+rosc( Par& $as a violation of t(e 5ublic trust doctrine. In accordance $it( t(e settle+ent,
t(e Cit/ of Ne$ %or&, t(e Ne$ %or& Cit/ ?e5art+ent of Par&s and 4ecreation, and Lincoln
Center for t(e Perfor+ing *rts agreed not to rene$ t(eir contract $it( IM. *s a result, t(e
'ebruar/ !"# Mercedes Ben> 'as(ion )ee& $ill be t(e last one staged in ?a+rosc( Par&.
2015
Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee&Ds Lincoln Center re5lace+ent (as been announced, and itDs 1)3
5laces. )o+enDs )ear ?ail/ re5orts t(e venues be in +idto$n ;S&/lig(t at Mo/ni(an Stationat 0! )est rd Street= and $est Soo ;S&/lig(t Clar&son SJ at ##! )as(ington Street= t(is
Se5te+ber, and itDs a +ulti/ear deal. IM (ad discussions $it( designers, s(o$ 5roducers,
and 7ournalists to c(oose t(e locations. Considering bot( (ave been used before for s(o$s
;Prabal urung at Mo/ni(an Station, and t(is ul/Ds first:ever Ne$ %or& +enDs fas(ion $ee&
at S&/lig(t Clar&son SJuare=, itDll be eciting to see +ore staged t(is Se5t. "!:"2.1(e brea&u5
(as been ru+ored for so+e ti+e, but no$ itDs 3''ICI*L:official8 1(is 'ebruar/Ds Ne$ %or&
'as(ion )ee& $ill be t(e last one (eld at Lincoln Center. *ccording to 4ac&ed, a blogger
ca+e across so+e Ne$ %or& Cit/ legal docu+ents t(at s(o$ t(e 5ar&s and recreation
de5art+ent (as court:ordered N%') to leave Lincoln Center once its current contract ends in
'ebruar/.
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Figure 14http://wellrounded+ashion.co%/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/es6-new-,or!-+ashion-wee!-0901(-lg.&pg
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)eDre not eactl/ sure $(ere all t(e s(enanigans $ill be based netZall signs ;and for+er
+a/or Mi&e Bloo+berg= (ave 5ointed to udson %ards, but develo5+ent of t(e area is still in
t(e $or&s. 1(en again, +an/ designers c(oose to s(o$ else$(ere in Man(attan ;and
so+eti+es Broo&l/n=, so 5er(a5s co+5etition for 5o5ular s5aces li&e C(elsea Piers and Mil&
Studios $ill si+5l/ gro$ in t(e +eanti+e. But still, it feels a bit li&e t(e end of an ;albeit
s(ort= eraZLincoln Center $as (o+e to N%') for four /ears after it +oved fro+ its original
(o+e in Br/ant Par&.
Figure 1https://i.e%'ed.l,/1/displa,/resize
!e,51ea1a1e+d'011d+34394040444cdc08url5http(2F2Frent+roc!repeat.co%2Fsite2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20142F092F"#-Fashion-ee!.&pg
III. Fashion 'esign
'as(ion design is t(e art of t(e a55lication of design and aest(etics or natural beaut/ to
clot(ing and accessories. 'as(ion design is influenced b/ cultural and social latitudes, and (as
varied over ti+e and 5lace. 'as(ion designers $or& in a nu+ber of $a/s in designing clot(ing
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and accessories suc( as bracelets and nec&lace, because of t(e ti+e reJuired to bring a
gar+ent onto t(e +ar&et, +ust at ti+es antici5ate c(anging consu+er tastes.
'as(ion designers atte+5t to design clot(es $(ic( are functional as $ell as aest(eticall/
5leasing. 1(e/ consider $(o is li&el/ to $ear a gar+ent and t(e situations in $(ic( it $ill be
$orn. 1(e/ (ave a $ide range and co+binations of +aterials to $or& $it( and a $ide range
of colors, 5atterns and st/les to c(oose fro+. 1(oug( +ost clot(ing $orn for ever/da/ $ear
falls $it(in a narro$ range of conventional st/les, unusual gar+ents are usuall/ soug(t for
s5ecial occasions suc( as evening $ear or 5art/ dresses.
So+e clot(es are +ade s5ecificall/ for an individual, as in t(e case of (aute couture or
bes5o&e tailoring. 1oda/, +ost clot(ing is designed for t(e +ass +ar&et, es5eciall/ casual and
ever/:da/ $ear. 'as(ion designers +a/ $or& full:ti+e for one fas(ion as Din:(ouse designersD
$(ic( o$ns t(e designs. 1(e/ +a/ $or& alone or as 5art of a tea+. 'reelance designers $or&
for t(e+selves, selling t(eir designs to fas(ion (ouses, directl/ to s(o5s, or to clot(ing
+anufacturers. 1(e gar+ents bear t(e bu/erDs label. So+e fas(ion designers set u5 t(eir o$n
labels, under $(ic( t(eir designs are +ar&eted. So+e fas(ion designers are self:e+5lo/ed and
design for individual clients. 3t(er (ig(:fas(ion designers cater to s5ecialt/ stores or (ig(:
fas(ion de5art+ent stores. 1(ese designers create original gar+ents, as $ell as t(ose t(at
follo$ establis(ed fas(ion trends.
III. 1. (eady to #ear
4ead/:to:$ear or 5rHt::5orter ;5ronounced8 5ʁɛ.ta 5ɔʁ.teTY often abbreviated 41)Y @off:t(e:
rac&@ or @off:t(e:5eg@ in casual use= is t(e ter+ for factor/:+ade clot(ing, sold in finis(ed
condition, in standardi>ed si>es, as distinct fro+ +ade to +easure or bes5o&e clot(ing tailored
to a 5articular 5ersonDs fra+e. 3ff:t(e:5eg is so+eti+es used for ite+s $(ic( are not clot(ing,
suc( as (andbags.
4ead/:to:$ear (as rat(er different connotations in t(e s5(eres of fas(ion and classic clot(ing.
In t(e fas(ion industr/, designers 5roduce read/:to:$ear clot(ing intended to be $orn $it(out
significant alteration, because clot(ing +ade to standard si>es fits +ost 5eo5le. 1(e/ use
standard 5atterns, factor/ eJui5+ent, and faster construction tec(niJues to &ee5 costs lo$,
co+5ared to a custo+:se$n version of t(e sa+e ite+. So+e fas(ion (ouses and fas(ion
designers 5roduce +ass:5roduced and industriall/ +anufactured read/:to:$ear lines, $(ileot(ers offer gar+ents t(at, $(ile not uniJue, are 5roduced in li+ited nu+bers.
1(e Bread O Butter in Berlin is considered to be t(e $orldDs +ost i+5ortant trade fair for
read/:to:$ear fas(ion.
?ue to tec(nological advances, +ilitar/ unifor+s $ere t(e first read/:to:$ear gar+ents to be
+ass:5roduced during t(e )ar of "6".ig(:Jualit/ read/:to:$ear gar+ents for +en beca+e
generall/ available soon t(ereafter, as t(e relativel/ si+5le, flattering cuts and +uted tones of
t(e conte+5orar/ fas(ion +ade 5ro5ortionate si>ing 5ossible in +ass 5roduction.
In t(e earl/ "<t( centur/, $o+enDs fas(ion $as (ig(l/ ornate and de5endent on a 5recise fit
and read/:to:$ear gar+ents for $o+en did not beco+e $idel/ available until t(e beginning
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of t(e !t( centur/. Before, $o+en $ould alter t(eir 5reviousl/ st/led clot(ing in order to
sta/ u5 to date $it( fas(ion trends. )o+en $it( larger inco+es 5urc(ased ne$, full/ tailored
clot(ing in current st/les $(ile +iddle:class and lo$er:class $o+en ad7usted t(eir clot(ing to
fit c(anges in fas(ion b/ adding ne$ nec& collars, s(ortening s&irts, or cinc(ing s(irt $aists.
20
Figure 1http://idata.over-'log.co%/1//20/0(/021/11-london-+ashion-wee!-os%an-spring-2014-read,-to-wear-coll.&pg
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)onclusion
1o su+ u5,i (o5e i convinced /ou t(at Ne$ %or& 'as(ion )ee& is t(e +ost i+5ortant fas(ion
event in t(e $orld,+/ 5a5er containts all i+5ortant infor+ation about 1(e 'as(ion
)ee&,es5eciall/ t(e one in Ne$ %or&.'as(ion $ee& ta&es 5lace in our countr/ too,in
Buc(arest,its not so big as t(e ot(er ones but is a ver/ 5leasant event,if /ou (ave t(e
o5ortunit/ /ou s(ould go and see $(at is all about.
I believe t(at I +anaged to cover u5 ever/t(ing,and ans$er all /our Juestions,I too& +/
infor+ation fro+ trusted,official sources,$(ic( /ou can see in t(e bibliogra5(/.
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!ibliogra*hy
". (tt58fas(ion.telegra5(.co.u&(ot:to5ics"<"6-<ne$:/or&:fas(ion:$ee&
. (tt58en.$i&i5edia.org$i&i'as(ion[$ee& . (tt58en.$i&i5edia.org$i&iEleanor[La+bert-. (tt58+bfas(ion$ee&.co+
#. Bradford, ulie ;!"-=. 'as(ion ournalis+. 4outledge. 5. "<.
0. ?illon, Susan ;!""=. 1(e 'unda+entals of 'as(ion Manage+ent. *OC Blac&. 5. ""#.
2. @1o5 fas(ion $ee&s around t(e $orld@. 1(e Inde5endent. anuar/ !"".
4etrieved " 3ctober !"-.
6. *+anda 'ortini, @o$ t(e 4un$a/ 1oo& 3ff. * brief (istor/ of t(e fas(ion s(o$.@
'eb. 6 !!0
<. Leac(, )illia+ 4. @1ransfor+ations in a Culture of Consu+5tion8 )o+en and
?e5art+ent Stores, "6<!:"<#@. 1(e ournal of *+erican istor/. Vol. 2", No.
;Se5., "<6-=, 55. "<:-. *ccessed *ugust "-, !"".
"!. (tt58en.$i&i5edia.org$i&i4ead/:to:$ear
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