new zealand’s events/2015 conference present… · tomtit (ni,si) robin (ni,si,sti) weka (all)...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
New Zealand’sland birds:state and trend
Susan Walker and Adrian MonksLandcare Research, Dunedin
Wild Things
EDS Conference, Auckland
August 12–13 2015
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Thanks
The Ornithological Society of New Zealand
Atlases of Bird Distribution in New
Zealand
1970s “Atlas 1”1999–2004 “Atlas 2”
http://www.osnz.org.nz/
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Thanks
Photos John Hunt
James Reardon Rachel McLennan
Neil FitzgeraldTim Rumble
John LeathwickCraig McKenzie
CommentsBill Lee
John InnesBarbara Anderson
David BarrellCilla Wehi
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OriginalMAINLAND
land bird taxa
140
Mainland land bird taxa
© Rachel McLennan
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Extinct
44
“Extant”
96
Mainland land bird taxa
© Rachel McLennan
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Extinct (slide 1)post-Polynesian, post-European
MAINLAND land bird taxa
“Extant”
96
Extinct
44
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MAINLAND land bird taxa
Extinct (slide 2)post-Polynesian, post-European
Extinct
44
“Extant”
96
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Also gone or too rare
TOO RARE ON THE MAINLAND TO MODEL
“Extant”
![Page 9: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Also gone or too rare
TOO RARE ON THE MAINLAND TO MODEL
16
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No
rthe
rn N
ew Zealan
d d
otterel
Sou
thern
New
Zealand
do
tterel
Also gone or too rare
9 169
TOO RARE ON THE MAINLAND TO MODEL
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26
Few not threatened
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`Remaining forest birds20 ‘TAXA’ MODELLEDKiwi (all)Blue duckKākā (NI,SI)Rifleman (NI,SI)KōkakoWhiteheadMōhuaBrown creeperKererūBellbirdTūiTomtit (NI,SI)Robin (NI,SI,StI)Weka (all)Yellow-crowned parakeetLong-tailed cuckooShining cuckooGrey warblerFantail (NI,SI)Morepork
![Page 13: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
20 ‘TAXA’ MODELLEDKiwi (all)Blue duckKākā (NI,SI)Rifleman (NI,SI)KōkakoWhiteheadMōhuaBrown creeperKererūBellbirdTūiTomtit (NI,SI)Robin (NI,SI,StI)Weka (all)Yellow-crowned parakeetLong-tailed cuckooShining cuckooGrey warblerFantail (NI,SI)Morepork
`Remaining forest birds
FAMILY-levelendemics
GENUSlevelendemics
SPECIESlevel
endemics
NATIVE
SUB-FAMILYendemics
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1970s early 2000s
Local richness of remaining forest birds
Number of forest bird taxa per 10 × 10 km grid square
High
Low
RICHNESS CHANGE
Gain
Loss
Change in number of taxa
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Greatest decrease in forests
Number of forest bird taxa per 10 × 10 km grid square
% Indigenous forest cover (early 2000s)
North Island
Nu
mb
er o
f fo
rest
bir
d t
axa
per
sq
uar
e
5
6
7
8
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
South Island
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Irreplaceability-vulnerability
Which birds?
Predictors of loss• Deep (family-level) endemics• Already absent from
deforested landscapes• Already rare
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Deep endemics going faster
Number of forest bird taxa per 10 × 10 km grid square that are endemic at the family level (deepest endemism)
(Kiwi, Blue duck, Rifleman, Kākā, Kōkako)
20 40 60 80 10010020 40 60 80
Nu
mb
er o
f FA
MIL
Y-EN
DEM
ICfo
rest
bir
d t
axa
per
sq
uar
e
North Island South Island
% Indigenous forest cover (early 2000s)
0.2
0.6
1.0
1.4
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North Island South + Stewart Islands
Rarity (1970s)
RARECOMMON
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
Bellbird
Long-tailed cuckoo
Blue duck
Fantail
KakaKiwi
Kokako
MoreporkYc parakeet
Kereru
Rifleman
Robin
Tomtit
Tui
Grey
warbler
Weka
WhiteheadKiwi
Bellbird
Brown
creeper
Long-tailed cuckoo
Shining cuckoo
Blue duck
Fantail
Kaka
MoreporkKereru
Rifleman
Robin
TomtitTui
Grey
warbler
WekaMohua
RARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
Shining
cuckoo
Yc parakeet
The rare became rarer
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North Island
Rarity (2000s)
RARECOMMON
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
RARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
Long-tailed cuckoo
Shining
cuckoo
Blue duck
Fantail
Kaka
Kiwi
Kokako
MoreporkYc parakeet
Kereru
Rifleman
Robin
Tomtit
TuiGrey
warbler
Weka
WhiteheadKiwi
Bellbird
Brown
creeper
Long-tailed cuckoo
Shining cuckoo
Blue duck
Fantail
Kaka
Morepork
Yc parakeet
KereruRifleman
Robin
TomtitTui
Grey
warbler
WekaMohua
Bellbird
The rare became rarer
South + Stewart Islands
![Page 20: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CHANGE
Gain
Loss
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© Tim Rumble
CHANGE
Gain
Loss
![Page 22: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© John Leathwick
CHANGE
Gain
Loss
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Remaining waders, terns and gulls(Order Charadriiformes)
13 ‘TAXA’ MODELLEDBanded dotterelNew Zealand dotterel (NI,SI)Wrybill
South island pied oystercatcherVariable oystercatcher
Black stiltPied stilt
Black-fronted ternCaspian ternWhite-fronted tern
Black-billed gullRed-billed gullBlack-backed gull
![Page 24: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1970s Early 2000s
Local richness of remaining waders, terns and gulls
Number of taxa per 10 × 10 km grid square
High
Low
RICHNESS
Change in number of taxa
CHANGE
Gain
Loss
![Page 25: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Significant decreases inland
especially South Island, … but also North Island
Nu
mb
er o
f w
ader
, ter
n a
nd
gu
ll ta
xa p
er s
qu
are
Distance from coast
North Island
1
2
3
INLANDCOAST INLANDCOAST
Change in number of taxa
CHANGE
Gain
Loss
South + Stewart Islands
![Page 26: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Which birds?Predictors of loss• Endemic• Inland-breeding Banded dotterel
New Zealand dotterel (NI,SI)Wrybill
South island pied oystercatcherVariable oystercatcher
Black stiltPied stilt
Black-fronted ternCaspian tern
White-fronted tern
Black-billed gullRed-billed gull
Black-backed gull
![Page 27: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© Craig McKenzie
On the coast
North Island
Rarity (1970s)
RARECOMMONRARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
South Island
pied oystercatcher
Banded dotterel
New Zealand dotterel Southern black-
backed gullBlack-billed gull
Red-billed gull
Variable oystercatcher
Pied stilt
Caspian ternWhite-fronted tern
Wrybill Banded dotterel
New Zealand
dotterel
Southern black-
backed gullBlack-billed gull
Red-billed gull
South Island pied oystercatcher
Variable oystercatcher
Black stilt
Pied stilt
Black-fronted tern
Caspian ternWhite-fronted tern
Wrybill
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
Many coastal-breeders increased
South + Stewart Islands
![Page 28: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
North Island
Rarity (2000s)
RARECOMMONRARECOMMON
Gain
Loss-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
South Island
pied oystercatcher
Banded dotterel
New Zealand dotterel Southern black-
backed gullBlack-billed gull
Red-billed gull
Variable oystercatcher
Pied stilt
Caspian ternWhite-fronted tern
Wrybill Banded dotterel
New Zealand
dotterel
Southern black-
backed gullBlack-billed gull
Red-billed gullSouth Island pied oystercatcher
Variable oystercatcher
Black stilt
Pied stilt
Black-fronted tern
Caspian ternWhite-fronted tern
Wrybill
© Craig McKenzie
On the coastMany coastal-breeders increased
South + Stewart Islands
![Page 29: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Inland
© Craig McKenzie
North Island
Rarity (1970s)
RARECOMMONRARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
North Island
Rarity (1970s)
RARECOMMONRARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
Banded dotterel
Southern black-
backed gull
Black-billed gull
Red-billed gull
Pied stilt
Caspian ternWrybill
Banded dotterel
Southern black-
backed gull
Black-billed gull
Red-billed gull
Black stilt
Pied stilt
Black-
fronted tern
Caspian tern
Wrybill
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
South Island pied
oystercatcher
South Island pied oystercatcher
Loss of inland breeders
South Island
![Page 30: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
InlandLoss of inland breeders
North Island South Island
Rarity (2000s)
RARECOMMONRARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
North Island South Island
RARECOMMONRARECOMMON
Gain
Loss
Banded dotterel
Southern black-
backed gull
Black-billed gull
Red-billed gull
South Island pied oystercatcher
Pied stilt
Caspian tern
Banded dotterel
Southern black-
backed gull
Black-billed gull
Red-billed gullSouth Island pied
oystercatcher
Black stilt
Pied stilt
Black-
fronted tern
Caspian tern
Wrybill
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
© Craig McKenzie
Wrybill
![Page 31: New Zealand’s events/2015 Conference Present… · Tomtit (NI,SI) Robin (NI,SI,StI) Weka (all) Yellow-crowned parakeet Long-tailed cuckoo Shining cuckoo Grey warbler Fantail (NI,SI)](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040611/5ed42ddf2c6def41a927a71b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ConclusionsRapid loss of endemic birds continues on the mainland
The most significant avian biodiversity loss is in forests and inland basins, far from cities
A new scale of operational conservation will be needed to slow it