NEWSLETTER 8/2006

ISSN 1682-8542

The reconstructed Treasury of Athens at Delphi, Greece

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Publisher: ENCoRE European Network for Conservation - Restoration Education

Editorial StaffRené LarsenAnne BaconChristina Lund OlsenKaren Borchersen

ENCoRE Secretariat: Karen BorchersenSchool of ConservationEsplanaden 34DK-1263 Copenhagen KDenmark

Tel.: +45 33 74 47 05Fax: +45 33 74 47 77Email: encore@encore-edu.orgHomepage: www.encore-edu.org

Members of the Board: René Larsen (Chairman),Ulrich Schießl (Vice Chairman), Wolfgang Baatz (Secretary), Astrid Brandt Grau (Treasurer), Joost Caen (Vice Secretary), Joanna Arscynska (Special Affairs),Anne Bacon (Special Affairs),Vasilike Argyropoulos (Fundraiser)

PapersContributions in the form of papers should be sent to the ENCoRE Secretariat by e-mail (preferably), fax or letter

ENCoRE or its Board is not responsible for the accuracy of statements made by authors and does not necessarily subscribe to their views.

Printed by: LP Nielsen Bogtryk og offset A/SBibliotekvej 60DK-2650 HvidovreDenmark

ISSN 1682-8542

NEWSLETTER

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IndholdReport on the 5th General Assembly of ENCoRE, 24-25 February 2005 in Athens, Greece ......... 5

The Chairman’s Report ..................................................................................................................... 8

Report on the 2nd Student Meeting in Athens, Greece. ................................................................... 13

Some information about the Accreditation of Academic Study Programmes in Europe............... 15

Education in Conservation-Restoration in Bulgaria ....................................................................... 17

The History of the Conservation-Restoration Profession and Education in Greece ...................... 19

Changes on the ENCoRE website ................................................................................................... 22

Letter to Janez Potočnik from ENCoRE concerning 7th framework ............................................. 24

Reply letter from Janez Potočnik from ENCoRE concerning 7th framework ............................... 26

E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE meeting...................................................................................................... 28

Doctorate in conservation-restoreation now possible in Denmark ................................................. 30

Full Members of ENCoRE ............................................................................................................. 31

Associated Members of ENCoRE .................................................................................................. 32

Partners of ENCoRE ....................................................................................................................... 32

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Vasilike Argyropoulos gives her lecture on the state of Conservation-restoration education and profession in Greece

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The 5th general assembly took place at the Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Greece on 24-25 February 2005.

The main subject of the assembly was the discussion of the profile of the conservator-restorer in collaboration with E.C.C.O.

Before the meeting Giorgos Panagiaris held a welcoming speech, and Vasiliki Argyropou-los gave a lecture on the state of C-R education and profession in Greece.

Opening by the Chairman of the BoardThe general assembly was opened by the Chairman of the Board, René Larsen with a minute of silence for the late Caroline Villiers, the Courtauld Institute, London. After this he expressed his warmest thanks to the Greek hosts of the meetingApproval of the AgendaThe agenda was unanimously approved.

Election of AuditorsMargareta Ekroth-Edebo and Ann Massing were unanimously elected auditors on the motion of the Board:

Report of the BoardThe report was presented by René Larsen and can be found on page #

After the presentation there was information from some of the members:

Joost Caen informed about the two European accreditation institutions: ENQA and ECA;

Janine van Reekum (E.C.C.O. representative) forwarded the greetings of the E.C.C.O, Com-mittee, and emphasized that the commitee looked forward to discussing the profile at

the E.C.C.O. GA in March.

Janine van Reekum advised to get support from other organisations, after the E.C.C.O.-ENCoRE profile paper is finished, before it goes to Strasbourg

René Hoppenbrouwers pointed to the recom-mendations of the ICOM-CC meeting on training and education in Vantaa, Finland, 2004; giving a strong link between ICOM-CC and ENCoRE

René Larsen encouraged the students to give comments on the profile

Istvan Bona reported that the Slovakian C-R Chamber problem was solved.

Giorgos Panagiaris and René Larsen informed about the CEN fundraising in their countries.

A European AppealRené Larsen reported that the 6th EC Con-ference on “Sustaining Europe s Cultural Heritage: From Research to Policy” endorsed a declaration (“London-Declaration”). He proposed that the incoming Board sends the document together with a covering letter to the European Council, the EU Parliament and the EU Commission.

Joost Caen mentioned that cultural heritage is a small research area, but economically important nevertheless.

René Larsen pointed out that he was going to send out the covering letter to be adapted and translated nationally. These letters should be sent to the national ministers responsible for research, education and culture.

The proposition was unanimously approved.

Vasilike Argyropoulos reported on the situation

Report on the 5th General Assembly of ENCoRE, 24-25 February 2005 in Athens, GreeceBy Wolfgang Baatz

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concerning evaluation of projects for the 6th EU Framework Programme. At present architects, chemists etc. act as evaluators; also C-R persons should be included. She proposed to sign up as evaluator (via internet).

Change of StatutesThe change of statutes concerns the enlarge-ment of the Board.

The chairman explained that due to the various tasks an enlargement of the Board seemed appropriate, also in respect of a broader representation of the European countries.§10 Board(1) ENCoRE shall be administered by a Board

of between six to eight members elected by the General Assembly from among the delegates of the Full Members.

(9) To be quorate, meetings of the Board must be attended by a simple majority of its members.

The changes were approved of with 15 votes pro and 2 abstentions.

Admission of new Members and PartnersRené Larsen announced that La Cambre, Brussels, has fulfilled all the conditions for application as a full member. La Cambre was accepted unanimously

There were two applications for Partner-

ship: Norwegian University of Science and Science Museum, Oslo, and Hamburger Restaurierungs Praktikum Both were accepted.

Joost Caen proposed to produce a flyer with an application form for partnership – this idea was agreed upon by the members.

Ulrich Schießl appealed to the schools to bring in as many ‘own’ partners as possible

Discussion of the profile of Conservator-RestorersRené Larsen presented the paper. After a discussion of several items, the GA decided to discuss and vote for each article – one by one. Background PaperThe background paper had already been voted on by E.C.C.O. last year, and was also adopted by the ENCoRE GA. - The back- ground paper can be found on www.encore-edu.org

The Chairman expressed his thanks to the General Assembly. The draft profile will be sent to the E.C.C.O. GA for approval.

PhD QuestionnaireUlrich Schießl introduced a questionnaire on PhD studies. He asked the Members to check it and to send suggestions for correction of the questionnaire to him. In the end the ques-tionnaire will be an electronic form.

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René Hoppenbrouwers: proposed a workshop within ENCoRE for teachers teaching teach-ers (CPD).

Vasiliki Argyropoulos said that funding couldbe done via Culture 2000 (multinational level)

Various funding programmes were discussed as well as the possibility of long distance learning. Also small scale activities can be funded.

AccountsAnne Bacon (treasurer) explained the figures handed out. For the first time the support for travel expenses of the Board Members was listed.

The Auditors stated that they had checked and found all in good order.

The accounts were approved of with no abstentions.

Election of the BoardRené Larsen suggested that the existing Board continued, taking in additionally Vasiliki Argyropoulos (TEI) and Astrid Brandt-Grau (INP – who was not present) (both had agreed in advance).

There were no other suggestions – The board was elected unanimously.

Next General AssemblyThe chairman suggested to have the next General Assembly at SRAL. Maastricht, NL. The school is only an Associate Member, the meeting will be a contribution to its quality and its struggle to become a Full Member. The meeting will probably take place in September 2006 or January 2007, it has to be before February 24, 2007.

The suggestion was adopted by acclama-tion.

Other mattersRené Larsen proposed a common table

E.C.C.O./ENCoRE, as well as to give space to a presentation of SRAL at the ICOM-CC Conference at The Hague.

Wrapping of the GARené Larsen reported on the short Board Meeting (constitution of the Board):Chairman René Larsen Vice Chairman Ulrich Schießl Secretary Wolfgang Baatz Treasurer Astrid Brandt-Grau Vice Secretary Joost CaenSpecial Affairs Joanna ArszynskaFund Raising Vasiliki ArgyropoylosPR, Web Anne BaconPhD-network Ulrich Schießl and

Joanna Arszynska

The whole Profile Paper for the Directive was finally voted on and was unanimously adopted.

The next step will be to finalise the document together with E.C.C.O.

René Larsen again expressed the thanks of ENCoRE to the TEI and all the persons who organised the meeting so well.

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This 5th General Assembly of ENCoRE is held in a period full of activities, changes and developments within higher education in Europe including conservation-restoration edu-cation. Also in our field, the implementation of the Bologna system and accreditation of higher education courses are in progress. In addition, specific for our discipline, recent awareness of the need for a better quality and professional-ism in conservation and restoration has led to initiatives like the standards in conservation of cultural heritage taken up by the European Centre for Normalisation, CEN.

The Chairman’s ReportBy René Larsen

The BoardAll the European activities have influenced the activities and work of the Board. Apart from the many activities of the individual members of the Board, we have met four times since the General Assembly in Torun. The first meeting was held at INP in Paris, the second at Northumbria University in Newcastle, the third meting at the School of Conservation in Copenhagen and latest yesterday here in Athens. All meetings were concentrated on the strategies and plans for fulfilling the decisions made by the members at the General Assembly in Torun as I will report on in the following.

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Regulation of the Conservation-Restoration Profession and the Co-operation with E.C.C.O.Throughout their existence the major aims of E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE have been the recognition of the conservation-restoration profession and educations. As the definition and level of education constitutes the basis for regulated professions in Europe today, the reason for the co-operation between our two organisations is obvious.

Therefore, the most important activity in the period has been the E.C.C.O.-ENCoRE joint activity on regulation of the conserva-tion-restoration profession. After the last General Assembly, E.C.C.O. contacted the lawyers Vincent Négri, who was involved in the APEL project, and Mohamed Touré, who has been working in the EC Commission. Both lawyers advised us to present our joint regulation document to be included in the Directive of regulated professions at a meet-ing with representatives from the European Council in Strasbourg. Moreover, they have been helpful with instructions as to how to write the document ready for inclusion in the Directive. Not least they advised us to draw up a strong profile and professional standards for the conservation-restoration profession in Europe as well as a manifesto explaining the political reasons for the regulation. Apart from the manifesto which still remains to be agreed on, these documents were further formulated by the E.C.C.O. Committee with special efforts from Janine van Reekum and the ENCoRE Board.

The documents that have now been distrib-uted to you and to the members of E.C.C.O. for discussion and decisions at our respective General Assemblies were finally edited and put into the right format by the working group consisting of Ylva Player-Dansjö, President

of E.C.C.O., Cornelia Weyer, Co-coordinator of E.C.C.O. working group of professional profile, Ulrich Schießl and I, latest at a meet-ing a month ago in Düsseldorf.

As part of the co-operation between our two organisations, I attended the E.C.C.O. General Assembly last April in Brussels. One major subject of discussion was the Bolo-gna structure and the implementation of the Bachelors degree in conservation-restoration. The discussion concluded that this develop-ment has to be accepted as a fact, and that it is necessary to influence the development positively by having recognised the Master in conservation-restoration as the minimum to act independently as a conservator-restorer. Moreover, there was an agreement at the meeting that the fact that a regulated profession is defined on the basis of the edu-cational level makes the E.C.C.O.-ENCoRE joint initiative a key issue that needs the highest priority.

To my report on the E.C.C.O. General Assembly I can inform you that a unified meeting decided to join ENCoRE as a part-ner, which you may already have observed from our homepage. In addition to this, as E.C.C.O. does not have partnerships, the General Assembly adopted a statement on the co-operation with ENCoRE. This has been published in E.C.C.O report as well in the new updated E.C.C.O. website. On the 11th April, I will attend again the E.C.C.O. General Assembly. However, I am sure that Janine van Reekum will report to you the latest news on the activities and work of E.C.C.O.

ICOM-CC Working group on EducationAt the Newcastle meeting the Board sup-ported the idea of Janine van Reekum that she and I attended and delivered a contribu-

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tion to the ICOM-CC education working group meeting at the EVTEK Institute of Art and Design - Department of Conserva-tion Studies in Vantaa, Finland on the 1-3 October, 2004 on behalf of the two organi-sations. The contribution built on the joint paper that Janine van Reekum and I had already published in the E.C.C.O. Report and ENCoRE Newsletter.

As decided we did a joint presentation titled “Collaboration of E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE and the European Directive on the recognition of professional qualifications”. The presenta-tion was positively received by the meeting. Moreover, Joost Caen as well as René Hop-penbrouwers also attended the meeting and did a fine and active job. The meeting was in general very fruitful and reflected a general positive attitude to ENCoRE and E.C.C.O. and our activities. The discussions focussed not least on the Bologna Declaration and the development of the European conservation-restoration education. In addition, it also included the accreditation system; which is already about to be implemented in several European countries, as it is described in a paper of Joost Caen to be published in the next issue of our Newsletter.

The paper by Janine van Reekum and me will be published in a post print of the ICOM-CC Working Group on Education. Moreover, a draft document on recommendation for the international conservation-restoration educa-tion, produced at the meeting, is elaborated within the Working Group with the purpose to present it at the ICOM-CC Triennial meet-ing in the Hague this September.

Accreditation and the Bologna system of Higher Education in EuropeIn the ENCoRE clarification document it is defined that conservation-restoration

as an academic discipline must be based upon the highest level of research. The aim is that all conservation-restoration educa-tion programmes in Europe will fulfil the Bologna Declaration for higher education in Europe by 2010 at the latest1. There is a need to support those activities that adhere to the development of a fully recognised academic education programme in conserva-tion-restoration in order to avoid drawbacks for the education in some countries as well as to ensure that the professional conserva-tor-restorers’ responsibilities can meet the recommendations outlined in the APEL report.

Ulrich Schießl and I attended a meeting in Bonn in the spring 2004 on accreditation and Bologna structure for higher educations in Europe. The meeting was held by the new German conservation-restoration organisa-tion Verband der Restauratoren, VdR. Invited to this meeting were representatives from the German conservation-restoration schools, two new German accreditation bodies and ENCoRE. I represented the latter and Ulrich Schießl his academy in Dresden. The meet-ing concluded that accreditation had to be managed and led by education professionals and that organisations like VdR may play a role only by invitation to take part in the accreditation procedure.

The second part of the VdR meeting con-centrated on the bachelor course about to be implemented in all German conserva-tion-restoration schools apart from the Stuttgart Academy. In this connection, I was afterwards visited by VdR representa-tive Cornelia Weyer, who, in connection with the development, wanted to get information on and to discus the experience with the bachelor-master system in Denmark.

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European Standards in Conservation of Cultural HeritageIt is not only in the education area that demands on quality and professionalism have been raised. In 2004 the European organisation for standardisation, CEN, initiated the activity of drafting standards within the conservation of cultural property. The reason for the initia-tive is explained in the work programme of the technical committee (CEN/TC 346)6: “A scientific approach is nowadays essential for the conservation of the Cultural Heritage as preliminary basis to guarantee a proper planning of ordinary and extraordinary main-tenance works, and to assure their efficacy and durability. Only thanks to a sound scien-tific knowledge of the materials constituting the artefact, of its environmental and conserva-tion conditions, these conservation/restoration works can be successfully carried out.

Unfortunately the great experience developed in this field by the different European countries, for the time being can not constitute a common background because there are too many dif-ferences not only in the methods of analysis, but also in the terminology used.

A specific European standardisation activity in the field of conservation of Cultural Herit-age is essential to acquire a common unified scientific approach to the problems relevant to the preservation/conservation of the Cultural Heritage. Moreover, this common approach and the use of standardised metho-dologies and procedures would promote the exchange of information, would avoid the risk of duplication and foster synergy between the European experts and specialists involved in the preservation activity. “

The objectives of the CEN/TC 346 are to draft European standards on: • Terminology;

• Characterisation of the materials; • Evaluation of state of conservation of the

materials; • Evaluation of the performance of the

products to be used in the conser-vation work, including long-range stability;

• Evaluation of the performance of the methodologies for the conservation-work, including long-range stability;

• Evaluation of outdoor and indoor envi-ronmental parameters/conditions;

• Evaluation of artefact/environment inter-relation;

• Transportation and packaging of the works of art.

Conservator-restorers and other relevant experts from our profession and educational institutions from several European countries are now involved in the work, and it is our hope that more of our colleagues will support this effort on raising the professionalism in Euro-pean conservation-restoration activities.

The CEN activities on European standards for conservation of cultural heritage have now come into action and luckily many of the active people involved are to be found at ENCoRE member institutions. The first meetings in all four working groups have been held, and a plans for drafting the standards have been set up.

Cultural Heritage in European Commission Framework Research ProgrammesThe Board has circulated the London Declara-tion “Sustaining Europe’s Cultural Heritage: From Research to Policy” from the European summit in London in September 2004. The declaration tries to raise political activities against reduction or even removal of cultural heritage research in the coming 7th EC frame-work programme on research. The declaration

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and the accompanying model letter to be sent to local ministers and politicians were circulated to our members and partners and to E.C.C.O.

I can inform you that the Danish Minister of Culture, Mr. Brian Mikkelsen has returned a positive response and has forwarded a support of the Declaration in the ongoing negotiations of the 7th framework programme. As an addi-tional activity, the Board has put forward to this General Assembly for discussion and decision the appeal on “European Research Framework Programme for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage”.

The PhD NetworkOne of the important activities decided at the Torun General Assembly was the establish-ment of the PhD Network on the initiative of Ulrich Schießl. You have all received the draft questionnaire which will form the basis for the information appearing on the website as well as future activities that Ulrich Schießl will inform you about in connection with our discussion of the subject.

Fund Raising ActivitiesAfter the General Assembly in Torun the Board invited Vasiliki Argyropoulos as a permanent consultant on the matter of fund raising. At the Board Meeting at INP in Paris it was decided to go into activities concern-ing EC fund raising for the coming General Assembly and an attached Bologna seminar in Athens 2005. Vasiliki initiated the writing of the application and visited the EC Commis-sion in Brussels. Unfortunately, and despite all the work of Vasiliki Argyropoylos our efforts were thwarted by the fact that most of the EC funding programmes are not designed for our purpose. I like to thank Vasiliki Argyropoulos for all the work and efforts she has invested in this activity. We now have to rethink and consider how we may be able to get funds for future activities.

The ENCoRE WebsiteThe update of the Website has been slow since the Paris meeting. We still need more informa-tion on the members’ research, PhD-students etc. I suggest that we very soon send out a simple questionnaire asking for information on length, levels and titles of the educations of our member institutions. This could also include information on ECTS. This information could be guides on the website to help students’ mobility and co-operation between our mem-bers e.g. in relation to Erasmus agreements. I would like to suggest that the new Board put up a position of responsibility for continuously updating of the website including active work to get our members and partner institutions to provide the necessary information.

The ENCoRE NewsletterSince the General Assembly in Torun the ENCoRE Newsletter has been published once. In my opinion this is realistic expectation. Our website should cover the more recent news etc. as well as information on our members and partners. The ENCoRE Newsletter should be a source of more in-depth information and dis-cussions. In the future this may develop into a professional journal on conservation-restora-tion education policy and development.

At present it seems we have enough material for a new publication of the Newsletter after this General Assembly.

Members and Partners situationI will close my report with a few words on the member situation We now have 31 full members, 3 associated members and 24 partners in 19 countries.

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During the 5th General Assembly of ENCoRE 24 – 25 February 2005 in Athens, Greece, student representatives of ENCoRE Institutions had the opportunity to meet for a second time.

The two main subjects discussed at the meeting were the ENCoRE draft proposal related to the Conservation-Restoration professional profile and the establishment of a restoration PhD network.

After the opening of the 5th General Assem-bly the students left the meeting to start our own session. The session started with short presentations about the represented insti-tutions and the conservation-restoration professional profile in the different coun-tries. After the presentations the discussion mirrored the issues inspired by the ENCoRE draft proposal.

The concerns about the proposed training duration of five years (Section 1, Article 1, paragraph 2 of the draft) were one of the main issues. The main discussion was based on the different durations and awarded quali-fications throughout the member institutions. For example we found it difficult to compare courses that award a Bachelor’s degree after a 4 year full-time programme, or a 2 year full time Master’s degree undertaken by students without a first cycle degree on con-servation-restoration. Cases like this opened discussions about the possibility of 5 years contact courses, awarding postgraduate degrees, in order to protect the accessibility to full professional rights by all students. The issue of open access to academic education and full professional rights was placed at the centre of our debates. It was recog-

Report on the 2nd Student Meeting in Athens, Greece.by Nikolaos Maniatis

nised that for a common European future the establishment of mechanisms that will secure open access to all educational/train-ing levels should be an expression of the European democratic principles. Within this framework the open access to higher education institutions and the establishment of a commonly accepted Academic Credit System (ECTS) among EU member states is needed, if the promotion of equal opportuni-ties and mobility is a common goal among the Union States.

At the end of the first day we concluded that it was necessary for universities to be free to develop their own course outlines depending on national needs, academic traditions and professional opportunities.

During the second day we had the opportu-nity to discuss in brief the ENCoRE proposal for the PhD Network, an action that we believe is going to provide the academic and professional field of conservation-restoration with valuable practitioners promoting the professional independence.

At lunchtime the students joined the ENCoRE meeting participants for a tour of the Department of Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art. Shortly after that back in the ENCoRE meeting room students had the opportunity to discuss the results of their meeting, before they participated in a more official round table discussion in TEI auditorium.

The following day saw an excursion to the archaeological site of Delphi. This put an interesting and enjoyable end to the experi-ence. I hope that everyone left with the best of ideas and promises for future meetings.

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Although we were unable to establish a stu-dent-council, we believe that students can be more involved and helpful in ENCoRE’s work providing their opinions and considera-tions at future meetings.

We were all very pleased that we were invited to the General Assembly and hope that stu-dents will be included in the next assembly.

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As we all know the Bologna-process is aiming at maximum mobility of staff and students in the European education system. Therefore it is most important that courses in the various countries have an equal level and similar quality.

For that reason every study Programme (not the university or school, neither the depart-ment!) in Europe has to be accredited by 2010.

This accreditation is given to a study Pro-gramme by its appropriate accreditation organisation. This organisation is a national or transnational body. For instance the Neth-erlands-Flemish Accreditation Organisation (NVAO, see: www.nvao.net) is doing this for the academic study Programmes in the Nether-lands and Flanders (the Dutch speaking part of Belgium). Countries (or regions) can recognize each other accreditations. Flanders, the Nether-lands, Ireland, Norway, Germany, Spain, Austria and Switzerland (probably more) have already decided to recognize each others accredited study Programmes.

Accreditation means „awarding a hallmark that indicates that certain quality standards have been satisfied“. In some countries or regions, accreditation will be a precondition for govern-ment funding of a Bacherlor or Master degree Programme.

Also the awarding of diplomas and sometimes the students’ grants (when they are provided by the government) depend on the accreditation of the study Programme.

As education and the labour market are getting more and more internationalised, accredita-tion is also providing comparable quality assurance.

Normally an accreditation process has the following steps: self-evaluation; visitation; accreditation. Sometimes a pre-accreditation will be organised between the visitation and the final accreditation. This will be the case for study Programmes in Flanders in 2006.

A study Programme is assessed according to the following topics:• aims and objectives of the study

Programme• content and structure of the study

Programme• staff commitment• facilities• internal quality assurance• results

It is essential that academic study Pro-grammes are based on research. Bacherlor and Master Programmes that are organised outside universities will have to join the framework of an association with a uni-versity.

The NVAO has develloped an „Accredita-tion framework for existing degree courses in higher education“. This information, written in Dutch and English, can be found on their website. Of course, this is mainly the instrument for the Netherlands and Flanders, but other countries or regions in Europe should have (or are working on) a similar framework.

In Appendix 2 you’ll find the description of Bacherlor and Master levels (‚Dublin descriptors’). This description is very useful for all our members being involved in the process of self-evaluation, visitation or accreditation.

It is clear that it is extremely important

Some information about the Accreditation of Academic Study Programmes in Europe.by Joost Caen

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that all the conservation-restoration study Programmes at Bacherlor/Master level in Europe try to achieve the same goals not only because we are such a small “family” in Europe but mainly because we have to provide the heritage field with the best quali-fied conservators.

A work of art or a monument is always worth equal care as it belongs to the whole of mankind.

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The beginning of the professional conserva-tion-restoration practice in Bulgaria can be traced back to the 1920’s. From the very early years the professional conduct was oriented towards western European standards of the profession. At that period conservator-restorers obtained their education mostly in Germany and Austria.

After the Second World War Bulgaria became one of the founders of ICCROM. The ICCROM courses, which started in the 1960’s, play a major role in the conserva-tion-restoration education for Bulgarian colleagues. Together with these courses a rather limited number of conservator-restor-ers took their degree in Poland, Russia and Belgium. With the beginning of the 70’s the awareness of the importance of the conserva-tion and preservation of the cultural heritage in Bulgaria got to a new level. The govern-ment significantly increased investment in the field as the necessity for more university trained specialists in conservation-restora-tion was obvious.

The next step in the development of the edu-cation provided for conservator-restores in Bulgaria was in 1973, when the Conservation Department at the National Academy of Arts in Sofia was established. Unlike the tradi-tions in some western European countries the level of the Academic education in Bulgaria was always considered to be equivalent to the University level. So is the Programme of the Conservation Department. From the very beginning its 5-year Master course was officially accredited by the state.

The course. The curriculum covers disci-plines that could be described as traditional

Education in Conservation-Restoration in BulgariaStefan BelishkiConservation department, National Academy of Art, Sofia, Bulgaria

for a University course in conservation-restoration and in particular: Theory of Conservation with a strong accent on paintings and wall paintings; Conservation Practice, again mainly in the above men-tioned fields; History of Art; Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Technology of Paint-ing Techniques; Chemistry; Biological and Physical Aspects of Conservation, Museum Studies; Photography; Drawing; Painting; Philosophy; Aesthetics. Furthermore there are lectures on theory of conservation of paper, metal, stone and ceramics. Together with the obligatory disciplines students can also choose amongst some additional disciplines. After each summer term stu-dents have in-situ practice on wall paintings conservation.

The students. Students can be enrolled in the course after the completion of high education. The admittance is with entrance exams on competition basis. Six or seven Bulgarian students are admitted each Aca-demic year. Up to two foreign students could also be admitted. The academic year has a winter, and a summer term, both ending with examination periods. The entire fifth year is dedicated to the diploma work. The Depart-ment offers opportunity for PhD research. The number of PhD students and all the regu-lations of the study are coordinated with the official state requirements. PhD course has three years duration. At the moment we have five students enrolled in a PhD study.

The staff. At present the personnel of the Conservation Department consists of three professors, four associated professors, two assistant professors, a chemist and one

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technical staff. In addition eight lecturers and professors from other departments and universities have classes and contribute to the course as external/guest professors.

New accreditation. In 1999 the Conservation Department was given new accreditation from the state. Some changes were made in the curriculum, reflecting the development of the profession in the recent decades and in order to allow ECTS system to be applied easily. It made it possible for us to take part in Erasmus Programme for exchange of students and professors. We have agreements with several universities and academies for collaboration in this Programme. This is considered only the beginning of the re-establishment of our relations with similar departments, faculties or institutions. In 1970’s and 1980’s we used to have a very good tradition in students exchange with the Institute for the Study of Restoration

and Conservation of Cultural Heritage at Nicolaus Copernius University in Torun. Unfortunately, with all the social changes in 1990’s these relations discontinued. For ten years all the international relations of our conservation department were broken.

Conclusion. The teaching staff at the Con-servation Department has a clear view on the necessity for the constant development of the highest education in conservation-resto-ration and the need of extensive international collaboration. This is reflecting in the curric-ulum of the Master course, which is created with the aim to prepare professional con-servator-restorers at the highest level. They should be able to deal independently with the complex interdisciplinary work in the field of Conservation-Restoration, called upon for the preservation of the cultural heritage.

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IntroductionGreece has steadily developed in the past some 20 years in the field of Conservation-Resto-ration (C-R) with a 4 -year undergraduate programme in C-R leading to a Bachelor’s diploma from the Technological Educational Institution of Athens (TEI of Athens) and a law that recognizes the profession of conser-vator-restorers. The TEI of Athens believes strongly in the standardization C-R education and profession in Europe. It is a strong sup-porter of ENCoRE and its objectives, and was proud to host the 5th General Assembly meet-ing at the TEI of Athens in February 2005. Below is a summary of the progression of C-R education and profession in Greece.

Development of the C-R ProfessionDuring the 1960s, the field of Conservation-Restoration became visible in Greece as an autonomous scientific/technical field combin-ing knowledge and skills. In 1981, the Greek Ministry of Culture officially recognized the C-R profession. Thus, many temporary employees working as C-Rs for the Ministry of Culture, became permanent employees. Up to then, C-Rs received their training in many different ways: as practitioners (working alongside other C-Rs); through seminars given by the Ministry of Culture; by post-second-ary level education known as the Doxiades School; as painters from the School of Fine Arts, who specialized in conservation through study in Institutes abroad; and finally some

The History of the Conservation-Restoration Pro-fession and Education in GreeceBy Profs. Vasilike Argyropoulos and Giorgos Panagiaris

graduated from foreign universities with C-R education programmes.

In 1985, the Greek Ministry of Culture, with its then minister Melina Mercouri, spirited the campaign to create the first undergradu-ate school of C-R education in Greece at the T.E.I of Athens.

The first graduates of C-R from the TEI of Athens along with the professional C-Rs of the Ministry of Culture worked together with the Directorate of Conservation (under the Ministry of Culture) for the legal recognition of the profession of C-Rs. In 1997, the Greek state passed a law that defined the profile of a professional C-R in Greece. Under the law, the educational background of the profes-sional C-R agrees with the joint statement on the education of C-R of Cultural Herit-age given by ENCoRE and E.C.C.O.[1]. For example, in order to supervise conservation projects, the C-R must have a degree in C-R from a recognized university or equivalent institution (TEI) and at least 2-3 years working experience.

C-R Education in GreeceThe Department of Conservation of Antiqui-ties & Works of Art at the TEI of Athens, was founded at the tertiary educational level for public education (tertiary level in the Greek educational system includes Universities and TEIs). Candidates must past state writ-ten exams including special exams specific for the Dept. of C-R, such as Drawing. The C-R studies require 4 years. Courses

1. Panagiaris, G. 2001. The contribution of the Greek experience to the dialogue on education and practice in conservation-restoration. In ICOM-CC special publication titled Conservation at the end of the 20th century, editor D. Grattan, 8-17.

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cover seven terms and during the eighth term students undertake practical intern-ships at external workshops/laboratories in museums and other private institutions. The first term includes introductory and theo-retical courses, such as Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History of Art and Archaeology, Documentation, Photography, Legal Issues and Ethics in C-R, as well as drawing and sculpting. By the third term, laboratory courses start when the theoretical courses become specialized, and where students have to choose courses that are divided into the following two directions:

A. Conservation of archaeological and ethnographic materials: Conservation of objects made of metals, ceramics, stone, glass, organic materials, mosaics, and tex-tiles.

B. Conservation of paintings and archi-val material: Conservation of objects such as paintings, icons, wall paintings, wood, archival materials and textiles.

The Department also offers specialized courses such as computer applications in conservation, applied physicochemical tech-niques, aesthetic interventions as well as a final dissertation and a 6 month internship (placement). Approximately 80 students are admitted each year into the C-R educational program at the TEI of Athens. There are around 20 permanent academic staff and 40 part-time lecturers or laboratory assistants. Greek law requires that permanent professors at all levels must have a PhD in the relevant topic taught as well as the equivalent years of working experience. The academic profile of each professor is assessed along with his/her research and publications, when upgrading to a higher level. Lecturers at the Depart-ment must have at least a Master’s degree in the relevant field taught as well as 5 years of working experience. Part-time lecturers and

laboratory assistants are graded on the same level as the academic staff in their selection each year to teach at the Department. Finally, the Head of the Department is an elected position by the permanent staff members of the Department and lasts for 3 years. The same person can only hold the position for two consecutive terms.

In 2001, all TEIs in Greece became rec-ognized at the same level as universities. Thus, permanent teaching staff underwent an external evaluation, and only those with PhDs or Master degrees and academic profile could be promoted to a higher level. Further-more, TEIs may provide Masters degrees and PhDs only in collaboration with universities. However, in the near future and after external evaluation TEIs will become autonomous in providing Masters and PhDs.

Since 2003, the Department of Conser-vation of Antiquities and Works of Art in collaboration with the University of Athens co-organizes postgraduate studies in “Museum studies” that may lead either to a M.Sc. or PhD degree.

The Department is one of the few to have already undergone an external evaluation between 1997-1999. The results of the external evaluation were presented to the Ministry of Education as a means to improve the Department.

C-R Research in GreeceSince 1993, the Department has received state funding into the research of the conservation of cultural property. The Department coordinates and participates in several European projects, under the auspices of Life, Raphael, Culture 2000, Leonardo, CONNECT, and the EC 6th Framework Research Program. Also, the Department has lead projects for funding for aid to Eastern block countries from the Ministry

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of Foreign Affairs, bilateral agreements between Greece and France or Albania or Russia from the Greek government. Recently, several academic staff of the Department is coordinating 10 national research projects funded partly by the Ministry of Educa-tion and European Community with a total budget of 550.000 Euros, which are all designated to investigate national issues into the conservation of cultural property. The projects deal with research into innovative conservation treatments and materials, deterioration mechanisms, analytical techniques, management of Cultural Heritage, standardization, environmental parameters and museology. To this end, the TEI of Athens in collaboration with its national standards body, ELOT, in Greece is leading the initiative to help create standards in the conservation of cultural property, with its participation in all the working groups under the auspices of CEN/TC 346 Conservation of Cultural Property.

Furthermore, PhD. candidates registered at universities abroad are carrying out part of the research at the Department’s facilities and under our staff supervision financed by the Greek Ministry of Education.

C-R Academic affiliations in EuropeThe Department has played a leading role in the Socrates/Erasmus Program with over 20 bilateral agreements with other C-R educational institutions across Europe. Furthermore, TEI of Athens has been a supporter of the ENCoRE as a member and now a Board member of this body. Its organization of the 5th General Assembly of ENCoRE in Athens (2005) was shown in support of this important network.

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After the General Assembly in Athens it was decided to change the website, so parts of it were only available for the members.

In collaboration with Daniella Bechmann from the IDAP project, I developed a new site. This new version does not have exactly the same structure as the old one, but the subjects from the old site – like old versions

Changes on the ENCoRE websiteBy Karen Borchersen - webmaster

of the Newsletters and our documents are still available.

On top of this we have added some pages for discussions etc between the members.

To enter these pages you need to log on to the website – all members and partners should have received a password which connects to a mail address.

After you connect – you will be able to see the pages visual to members and partners.

When you enter the members and partners only page

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you enter the password protected area through the members and partners only tab.

You are then returned to the front-page again. When you choose the members and partners only tab again you will now see a screen like this – depending on you member status - :

If you choose the members only tab – you can see a discussion page like this.

Here you need to type your mail address and your password.

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Letter to Janez Potočnik from ENCoRE concerning 7th framework

ENCoRE, School of Conservation, Esplanaden 34, dk-1263 Copenhagen K, Denmark, mail: encore@encore-edu.org

Dr Janez Poto�nikCommissioner for Science and Research Directorate-General for Research European Commission B-1049 Brussels Belgium

Copenhagen 19 April 2005 Dear Dr Janez Poto�nik

I would like to draw your attention to the enclosed letter from the Board of the European Network for Conservation-Restoration Education (ENCoRE). The letter is written as the direct result of decisions made at the recent General Assembly of ENCoRE held in Athens and supports the European Conference Declaration on Sustaining Cultural Heritage Research a copy of which is also enclosed.

In the EncoRE letter we raise the general problem of small research areas in Europe, and in specific the field of conservation of cultural heritage. For such a small filed it is difficult to establish a critical mass for education and research. We hope that you will consider our suggestions for special European programmes for education and research in small academic fields and in specific within the field of the protection of cultural heritage. This would acknowledge the issues at international level and would meet the goals of the Bologna Declaration for higher education in Europe.

Yours sincerely

René Larsen Chairman of the Board

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Annex to letter to Janec potocnik

ENCoRE, School of Conservation, Esplanaden 34, dk-1263 Copenhagen K, Denmark, mail: encore@encore-edu.org

European Research Framework Programme for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

We recognise that vital EC Research Programmes for the conservation of cultural heritage have created new research networks across Europe, helping to make Europe a world leader in this field.

We (academic institutions providing taught programmes and research in the conservation of cultural heritage, the students who attend these programmes, and the professional practitioners) are the end users who use the results of this research in education, research and professional practice. It is also recognised that the involvement of academic institutions in research relating to the conservation of cultural heritage considerably speeds up the process of the research and the dissemination of the results. The European Network for Conservation-Restoration Education (ENCoRE) was founded in 1998 to promote research and education in the field of conservation-restoration of cultural heritage. ENCoRE represents 34 member institutions and 24 partners from 15 European countries. ENCoRE recognises the need for trans-national co-operation for research in the field of conservation-restoration of cultural heritage and has established a PhD network to support this.

We are conscious that the European Research Framework is primarily designed to bring Europe into a leading position in large and expensive fields such as nano technology and space research etc. The value of the European Framework should also be recognised for its continuing support for small research areas which cannot and will not ever be able to create sufficient critical mass on a national level. Such a field is the conservation of cultural heritage. Research in the conservation of cultural heritage is increasingly dependant on the availability of such resources as institutional funding has been steadily decreasing.

Europe needs a dedicated research programme designed for small research areas if it is to deliver continuous qualified research into and protection of European Cultural heritage. Demands have been clearly raised, as exemplified by the work started recently on establishing standards for conservation of cultural heritage within the framework of CEN; with the aim to raise scientific quality and professionalism.

The European conservation-restoration education system is working on the implementation of the Bologna scheme, this will also need research cooperation supported by the European Union.

At the 6th European Commission Conference on �Sustaining Europe�s Cultural Heritage: From Research to Policy� held in London in September 2004, delegates from throughout Europe endorsed a declaration (enclosed) which we commend to you.

The Board of ENCoRE

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Reply letter from Janez Potočnik from ENCoRE concerning 7th framework

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Board members of E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE met at the CEPLIS headquarters in Brus-sels on January, 24th 2006 to discuss collaborative projects, mainly the text for the Professional Profile paper. Present at the meeting were René Larsen, Anne Bacon Ulrich Schiessl, Joanna Arszynska and Astrid Brandt representing ENCoRE and Michael Van Gompen, Cornelia Weyer, Suvi Leukumaavaara, Monica Martelli-Castaldi and Susan Corr representing E.C.C.O.

Michael Van Gompen reported that the ‘Directive on the recognition of Profes-sional Qualifications’ had been adopted by the European Parliament in June 2005, it was put into action last September and is now ready to be implemented into national law. The Directive is considered closed to further amendments for six years. If the Directive proves flawed it may be reopened or redrafted at this stage. As conflicting opinions have been received on accessing the Directive to include the profession of conservation-restoration it was proposed that an official request be sent to the Com-mission and the European Parliament to establish criteria for further change and clarify the correct route for application of such change.

It was proposed that the Professional Pro-file should be lobbied for at both EU and at national level using an agreed document. E.C.C.O. members found the language of the present draft too dense and bureaucratic lead-ing to misunderstanding and suggested that a simpler text be used. René Larsen pointed out that the original draft was intentionally drawn up in the language of the submissions of other professions to the Directive and it

E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE meetingBy Anne Bacon and René Larsen

would be necessary to follow this style for our submission. It was therefore proposed that the new draft, providing the framework or structure for an agreed professional profile, should be retained in the language of the EU but professionally translated into ‘vernacular English’ and subsequently inter-preted for target audiences.

Discussions then took place on Masters level courses in conservation-restoration, how these were to be accessed and whether E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE both agree that this should be applied to all fields of practice. If the five years training period was agreed for the Professional Profile should there be an agreed transitional period before this comes into effect.

Michael Van Gompen pointed out that E.C.C.O did not as yet have consensus on the Profile from all its members. A recent survey seeking the National Associations’ position on the draft document as presented at the last General Assembly in March 2005, revealed contradictory positions including concern for the Bachelor profile, an anxiety about the Masters degree, accessing it and determining its equivalence.

In discussion of the modifications to the ‘Professional Profile document’ it was accepted that the Bachelor qualification does not confer the title of conservator-restorer, and that it only entitles the holder to work under a fully qualified conservator-restorer. It is to be made clear from the outset that the Masters qualification is required for full professional status.

Discrepancies in interpretation of the docu-

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ment then arose and it was agreed that before any further discussion should take place both E.C.C.O. and ENCoRE would draw up posi-tion papers on the Bachelor/Masters profile. E.C.C.O. proposed to draw up an additional paper outlining the profile of the Bachelor qualification that could either be included or kept separate from the main Profile accord-ing to the decision made by the members. Compensatory measures that would allow Bachelor trained practitioners to achieve an ‘equivalence’ to the Masters degree through such routes as accreditation, internship etc., would be explored.

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The Danish doctor’s ring depicts the head of Minerva encircled by a laurel wreath.

Pursuant to a ministerial order which came into force in 2005 the School of Conserva-tion in Denmark now has the right to confer doctorates and honorary doctorates.

The doctorate is conferred on the basis of a doctoral thesis in recognition of the fact that the author has shown a profound sci-entific insight and maturity and has made a significant contribution to the advancement of science.

The School of Conservation may also choose to confer an honorary doctorate on research-ers who are deemed worthy to be awarded the highest scientific degree. The decision is taken by the School Council on the basis of a recommendation by the rector.

Doctorate in conservation-restoreation now possi-ble in Denmarkby Christina Lund

The doctorate is additional to the ph.d.-degree, which the School of Conservation got the right to confer in 2004.

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Full Members of ENCoRE Academy of Fine Arts Vienna

Austria

Universität für Angewandte KunstAustriat

Hogeschool Antwerpen - dept.BOpleiding Conservatie/RestauratieBelgium

Ecole nationale supérieure des Arts visuels de La CambreBelgium

Academy of Fine Arts PragueCzech Republic

Institute of Restoration and Conservation Techniques LitomyslCzech Republic

School of ConservationDenmark

Vantaa Institute of Arts and DesignFinland

Institut National du Patrimoine (INP)France

Université de Paris Sorbonne 1France

Akademie der Bildenen Künste, StuttgartGermany

Fachhochschule ErfurtGermany

Fachhochschule f. Technik u. Wirtschaft BerlinGermany

Fachhochschule KölnGermany

Fachhochschule PotsdamGermany

FH Hildesheim/HolzmindenGermany

Hochschule für Bildende Künste, DresdenGermany

Technische Universität MünchenStudiengang Restaurierung, Kunsttechnologie und Konservierungs-wissenschaften Germany

Technological Educational Institution of AthensDept. Conservation of Antiquities & Works of ArtGreece

Hungarian Academy of Fine ArtsHungary

University of Oslo, Institute of Archaeology, Art History and Conservation Norway

Academy of Fine Arts, KrakowPoland

Academy of Fine Arts, WarzawPoland

Nicholaus Copernicus UniversityInstitute for the Study, Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Property Poland

Ensino da Conservacão e RestauroUniversidade Nova de Lisboa,Portugal

Escuela Superior de Conservacion y Restauracion de Bienes CulturalesSpain

Göteborg University, Institute of Conservation, Sweden

Berner Fachhochschule Switzerland

Camberwell, The London InstituteCamberwell College of ArtsUnited Kingdom

Hamilton Kerr InstituteUnited Kingdom

University of London, Courtauld Institute of ArtDept. conservation and technologyUnited Kingdom

University of Northumbria at NewcastleUnited Kingdom

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Associated Members of ENCoRE Stichting Restauratie Atelier Limburg

Netherlands

Academy of Fine Arts Art Restoration departmentCroatia

Partners of ENCoRE Bundesdenkmalamt Wien, abt. für

konservierungAustria

Kunsthistorisches MuseumAustria

E.C.C.O.Belgium

I.R.P.A. - K.I.K.Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique -Koninklijk Instituut voor het KunstpatrimoniumBelgium

National Library of the Chech republicCzech Republic

Nordic Association of Conservators - DenmarkDenmark

The National Museum of DenmarkDept. of ConservationDenmark

The Royal Library, Dept. of PreservationDenmark

CRCDGFrance

Hamburger RestaurierungspraktikumGermany

Hornemann InstitutGermany

Lehrstuhl Archäometallurgie,TU Bergakademie Freiberg,Fakultät Werkstoffwissenschaft und WerkstofftechnologieGermany

Associazione Giovanni Secco SuardoItaly

R.G.I. Resource Group IntegratorItaly

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNUNorge

Stiftelsen Västsvensk KonservatorsateljéSweden

Council for the Care of ChurchesUnited Kingdom

Historic Scotland Conservation CentreUnited Kingdom

Institute of Paper ConservationUnited Kingdom

National Museums and Galleries of WalesUnited Kingdom

Royal Pavillion, libraries and Museums, BrightonUnited Kingdom

Southampton City Art GalleryUnited Kingdom

The National Museums and Galleries on MerseysideUnited Kingdom

Victoria and Albert Museum United Kingdom