newsletter of the criminology in europe vol.7 • no. 2...

Newsletter of theEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGYNewsletter of theEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGYCRIMINOLOGY IN EUROPE

NEWSLETTER OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGYVOL.7 • NO. 2 JULY 2008

ISSN 1729-8164

Continued on page 11

Edinburgh Prepares to Welcome ESCBy Richard Sparks and Alistair Henry

Preparations proceed apaceto welcome delegates to thehistoric city of Edinburgh inSeptember. The conferencetheme, ‘Criminology in thepublic sphere,’ reflects aconcern with relevance,engagement, and the quality ofpublic policy and discourseamongst criminologists of manyinterests and persuasions.Certainly, the relations betweenacademic life and civic cultureare matters close to the hearts ofmany participants. We also liketo think that these are quite strongly Scottish themes andconcerns.

This year’s conference benefits from the active supportof the Scottish Government and will be attended by leadingfigures in public life. We are also fortunate in the

involvement of colleagues fromacross Scotland, not leastthrough the good offices of theScottish Centre for Crime andJustice Research(www.sccjr.ac.uk) and theScottish Institute for PolicingResearch (www.sipr.ac.uk).

The line-up of plenaryspeakers is an exciting one.Those who have already agreedto speak include Tom Tyler, LoïcWacquant, Sophie Body-Gendrot, Réné van Swaaningen,Sonja Snacken, and Katja Franko

Aas. On behalf of the ‘locals’ Lesley McAra will speak oncriminal justice in Scotland in comparative perspective andNeil Walker will address the prospects for liberty in times ofelevated concern with security issues.

Sophie Body-Gendrot, the unopposed nominee forelection as the next ESC president, is decidedly French butalso a real international. She is as at home in New York as in

Paris. She has spentmuch of her timestudying thehardships of city life,is bilingual in Englishand French, and isdedicated to both theclassroom and fieldresearch.

Sophie was born inLorraine and spent herchildhood in Verdun, atown bruised by theravages of two wars,in surroundings shedescribes as

‘depressing, subjugated by death, with cemeteries as far as

Sophie Body-GendrotBy Stephanie van de Goethals


ESC Board Candidates

INSIDE THIS ISSUE:

Executive Secretary’s report ............................. page 3ESC Board candidates ...................................... page 4ESC Working Groups ..................................... page 10

The ESC is fortunate in having four distinguishedscholars as candidates for election as at-large boardmembers. Aleksandras Dobryninas is Professor ofSociology at Vilnius University in Lithuania. Kevin Hainesis Reader in Criminology and Youth Justice at SwanseaUniversity in Wales. Tapio Lappi-Seppälä is DirectorGeneral of the Finnish National Research Institute of LegalPolicy. Wolgang Stangl is Director of the Institute forSociology of Law and Criminology in Vienna.

Two new members will be elected at the in Edinburgh toserve two year terms. They will replace Catrien Bijleveld ofthe NSCR and Mike Levi of the University of Cardiff.

Short profiles of the candidates appear on pp. 4 and 5.

EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGYPAGE 2 JULY 2008

VOL. 7, NO. 2JULY 2008

Criminology in Europe ispublished by the EuropeanSociety of Criminology.The editorial office is located atNSCR, P.O. Box 7922300 AT LeidenThe NetherlandsTel: 31 71 527 8527Fax: 31 71 527 8537Email: [email protected]

President—Krysztof KrawjewskiPresident-Elect—Elena LarrauriPast President—Kauko AromaaExecutive Secretary—Marcelo AebiJournal Editor—Julian RobertsNewsletter Editor—Michael TonryMember—Catrien BijleveldMember—Mike Levi

Communications should beaddressed as follows:

To the president:Krzystof KrajewskiJagiellonian UniversityDepartment of CriminologyUl. Olszewskiego 2PL-31-007 KrakowPOLANDTel: 48 12 422 1033Fax: 48 12 422 6306Email:[email protected]

To the business office:Marcelo AebiUniversity of LausanneESC-ICDP-Sorge-BCHCH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandTel: 41 21 692 4638Fax: 41 1 692 4605Email: [email protected]

Concerning the 2008 meeting:Richard SparksSchool of LawUniversity of EdinburghOld College, South BridgeEdinburgh EH8 9YL, UKTel: 44 131 650 2059Fax: 44 131 650 6317Email: [email protected]

Message from the PresidentEuropean Data on Crime and

Criminal JusticeBy Krzysztof Krajewski


Criminological research inEuropean countries is becomingincreasingly European. This is notonly because of the success, farbeyond many people’s expectations,of the European Society ofCriminology and its annualconferences whichattract numerousparticipants andstimulate contacts,exchanges of researchresults and experience,and inspirations fornew projects.

Various Europeansources, including theEuropeanCommission’sframework programs,are other significantfactors encouragingdevelopment ofresearch programs andprojects with international andcomparative dimensions andinvolving researchers or researchteams from various Europeancountries. This involves not onlyresearch consortia, but alsocoordination programs like theongoing CRIMPREV project.

Criminology in European countries,traditionally a very national, evenparochial, business, limited often tonational crime trends, problems, andpolicies, and other national issues, isbecoming a comparative discipline.This is enormously important. HavingEuropean, and not only national,perspectives on crime and criminaljustice systems will be an importantprecipitant to the development ofcriminological research and bettercrime control policies on the Europeancontinent.

One element of this process ofcriminology in Europe becomingincreasingly European is that moreand better comparative statistical dataon crime and penal issues are

becoming available. This newsletterbears witness. Recent issues containarticles on comparative Europeanstatistical data: Imprisonment inEastern and Western Europe (byAndrew Coyle in vol.6, No.1),Imprisonment Rates in Europe (by

Marcelo Aebi andNatalia Stadnic invol.6 No.2),Victimisation RatesFalling in Europe(by Stan C. Probandin vol.6 No.3), andEuropean PrisonPopulations Stable(again by Stan C.Proband in vol.7,No.1). With thecontinuingdevelopment of suchinitiatives as theCouncil of EuropeAnnual Penal

Statistics (SPACE I), the EuropeanSourcebook of Crime and CriminalJustice Statistics, and the EuropeanSurvey on Crime and Safety, agrowing number of sources ofcomparative data are becomingavailable on the most crucial aspectsof crime: registered offences,victimization prevalence, and prisonpopulations.

Although many wish suchEuropean data were morecomprehensive, detailed, and reliable,what is available now is vastly betterin quantity and quality compared withten or twenty years ago. I cannotrecall any comprehensive comparativeanalyses of European crime orimprisonment trends during the 1970sor 1980s.

This was not only because Europeremained politically divided. Even inthe “old” European Community,comparative statistical data on crimewere scarce. This was partly becausethinking about crime seldom

EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY JULY 2008 PAGE 3

The European Society ofCriminology in 2007 experienced itsmost successful year since it wasestablished in 2000. Membershipreached 690 and 806 criminologistsparticipated in the 7th AnnualConference in Bologna from 26 to 29September 2007.

During the conference, the ESCdelivered its first awards forscholarship. The EuropeanCriminology Award for senior scholarswent to Anthony Bottoms and theESC Young Criminologist Award wentto David Green and Philip Verwimp.

Three new working groups werecreated: the European Developmentand Life-course Criminology workinggroup (chairs: Arjan Blokland and PaulNieuwbeerta), the European HomicideResearch working group (chair: PaulNieuwbeerta), and the CommunitySanctions working group (chair:Fergus McNeill). Information about allthe ESC working groups can be foundon the ESC website (http://www.esc-eurocrim.org/workgroups.shtml) andreports on current activities of most ofthem can be found elsewhere in thisnewsletter.

Membership TrendsFigure 1 shows the evolution

of the ESC membership from 2004 to2007. Membership increased by 38 percent from 2006 to 2007 and by 58 percent from 2004 to 2007. Figure 1 alsoshows that the number of membersrenewing their memberships duringthe first trimester increased each year(14 per cent in 2007 from 2006).

This is good news. It has been amain goal of the Executive Secretariatsince its creation in 2004 to make a cleardistinction between membership andparticipation at the conference. Duringthe ESC’s early years, most membersrenewed while registering for theconference. This meant, among otherdisadvantages, that they received onlythe final issues of the EuropeanJournal of Criminology and thenewsletter for that year.

From the Executive Secretariat:ESC Annual Report 2007

By Marcelo Aebi and Grace Kronicz

Among the 806 participants to theBologna conference, 460 were ESCmembers and 346 were non-members.

All in all, 1036 criminologists werelinked to the ESC in 2007.

It is also very significant for thefuture of European criminology that 27per cent (186) of ESC members in 2007were students. This is the highestpercentage ever. Students represented17 per cent of members in 2004, 22 percent in 2005, and 19 per cent in 2006.

Geographical Distribution ofMembers

ESC members in 2007 camefrom 44 different countries (46 if theUnited Kingdom is disaggregated intoEngland and Wales, Northern Ireland,and Scotland). The distribution was asfollows: United Kingdom (157members), Italy (66), United States(64), Germany (55), The Netherlands

(48), Belgium (46), Switzerland (35),Spain (24), France (19), Austria (15),Greece (14), Canada (13), Sweden (12),

Finland (11), Poland (9), Bosnia andHerzegovina (8), Slovenia (8),Australia (7), Denmark (7), Ireland (7),Norway (7), Israel (6), Japan (6),Hungary (5), Portugal (5), Turkey (5),Cyprus (4), Russia (4), Ukraine (4),Iceland (3), Czech Republic (2),Luxemburg (2), Albania (1), Armenia(1), Brazil (1), Estonia (1), Iran (1),Malta (1), Mexico (1), Nigeria (1),Pakistan (1), Romania (1), Serbia (1),and Slovakia (1).

Figure 2 (p. 14) shows thedistributions of members from 2004 to2007 by countries in which there wereat least 9 members in one of theseyears. Not surprisingly, there isusually an increase in the number ofmembers from the country that


APOLOGIES TO NATALIA DELGRANDE

Criminology in Europe apologises for an error in Volume 7, No 1. Stan C.Proband in particular would like to apologise to Natalia Delgrande formisspelling her name in his article on European prison populations (p.1)

Figure 1ESC Members by Trimesters (2004-2007)

436

343

43

91

4

481

355

79 66

1

501

406

82

202

0

690

0

200

400

600

800

January-March April-June July-September October-December

Total

2004200520062007


ESC BOARD MEMBER NOMINATIONS

Kevin Haines is reader incriminology and youth justice anddirector of the Centre for CriminalJustice and Criminology at SwanseaUniversity in Wales. He joinedSwansea University in 1993 from theInstitute of Criminology, University ofCambridge, where he completed anMPhil and PhD in Criminology andworked as a research associate on aHome Office-funded evaluation of theintroduction of the Youth Court inEngland and Wales.

His research interests focus onyouth justice, youth crime prevention,and, recently, risk and protectivefactors for juvenile offending -including a forthcoming book. Muchof his work takes a critical children-first perspective - originally set out inHaines and Drakeford, Young Peopleand Youth Justice (1998). He has beena member of the InternationalAssociation for Research in JuvenileCriminology for 20 years and hasserved as its president. He is also amember of the Editorial Board of thejournal Youth Justice.

At Swansea, between 2004 and2008, Kevin was Director of Researchand Deputy Head of the School ofHuman Sciences. Between 1998 and

Kevin Haines

Wolfgang Stangl is director of theInstitute for Sociology of Law andCriminology in Vienna and teachescriminology at the University ofVienna. He studied law and sociologyand he is also a group psychoanalyst.

His main research interests includethe history of criminology, theoreticaland empirical research on social

WolfgangStangl

2003 he worked with the RomanianMinistry of Justice to establish anational Probation Service andcommunity sentences.

His current research includes twosubstance use projects - oneprevention-focused, the othertreatment-focused, and an evaluationof youth crime prevention in Wales.With colleagues across Wales, he isworking to establish the Welsh Centrefor Crime, Community and SocialJustice.

control, and research on urban safetyand social control. Recent booksconcern public safety (InnereSicherheiten, with Gerhard Hanak,2003) and a comparative Europeanstudy about urban fears(Großstadtängste [Anxious Cities],with Klaus Sessar and René vanSwaaningen, 2007).

Tapio Lappi-Seppälä (PhD 1987,docent 1988) has since 1995 beenDirector General of the FinnishNational Research Institute of LegalPolicy and is a part-time professor incriminology and sociology of law atthe University of Helsinki. He waspreviously a researcher and lecturer inthe Academy of Finland and theUniversity of Helsinki, and seniorlegislative adviser in criminal law inthe Ministry of Justice in Finland.

Tapio Lappi-Seppälä


Aleksandras Dobryninas isprofessor of sociology in the Facultyof Philosophy, Vilnius University(Lithuania). His main research areasare criminological discourses, mediaand crime, and corruption. He isactively involved in national andinternational initiatives concerninganti-corruption policy and abolition ofthe death penalty.

He is author or co-author of

AleksandrasDobryninas

Foundation of Criminology: Logicaland Philosophical Aspects (1990,Russian), The Death Penalty inLithuania: Legal and SociologicalAspects (1999, Lithuanian), JuvenileJustice in Lithuanian Mass Media(2000, Lithuanian), Virtual Reality ofCrime (2001, Lithunanian/English), IsLithuanian Society Safe? LithuanianPopulation’s VictimizationExperience and Attitude towardsCriminal Justice and Public Safety(2004, Lithuanian/English), andLithuanian Map of Corruption:2001-2004 (2005, Lithuanian). He is aproject leader in the InterdisciplinaryCriminology Study Programme atVilnius University supported by EUstructural funds.

Professor Dobryninas is a memberof the Steering Committee of theEuropean Group for the Study ofDeviance and Social Control, theCouncil and Editorial Board of theLithuanian Encyclopedia, and theeditorial board of the Lithuaniansociological magazine, Sociology:Thought and Action. In 2005 he was avisiting professor at CreightonUniversity (USA).

His research interests includesentencing theory, criminal policy atlarge, and the system of sanctionswith especial emphasis oncomparative analyses. His recentworks concentrate on cross-nationaland comparative analyses andexplanations of trends and differencesin penal policies.

He has taken active part in reformwork within the Finnish criminaljustice system over the last 20 years,and in international co-operation incriminal justice issues in theScandinavian Research Council forCriminology, the Council of Europe(member, Criminological ScientificCouncil since 2004), and theInternational Penal and PenitentiaryFoundation (Vice President since2005).

He has published several books,research reports, and articlesnationally and internationally incriminology and penal policy. Hispublications in English include articleson sentencing theory, restorativejustice, general prevention, juvenilejustice, and comparative penal policy.Most recent works have appeared inCrime and Justice: A Review ofResearch: “Penal Policy inScandinavia” in volume 36 (2007) and“Trust, Welfare, and Political Culture:Explaining Differences in NationalPenal Policies” in volume 37 (2008).

The mood and temper of the public in regard to the treatment of crime and criminals is one of the mostunfailing tests of the civilisation of any country. A calm and dispassionate recognition of the rights of theaccused against the state and even of convicted criminals against the state, a constant heart-searching byall charged with the duty of punishment, a desire and eagerness to rehabilitate in the world of industry ofall those who have paid their dues in the hard coinage of punishment, tireless efforts towards thediscovery of curative and regenerating processes and an unfaltering faith that there is a treasure, if onlyyou can find it, in the heart of every person – these are the symbols which in the treatment of crime andcriminals mark and measure the stored up strength of a nation, and are the sign and proof of the livingvirtue in it.

Winston Churchill (1910)

THOUGHT FOR THE DAY


ESC WORKING GROUPS

The second ISRD study isprogressing according to plan:surveys have been completed in thirtycountries and national reports havebeen written. Summaries have beenprepared on each country. These willbe published by Springer later thisyear. A first publication on outcomesfrom the six new EU member states,funded by the Daphne program of theEuropean Commission, has alreadyappeared:

Juvenile Delinquency in Six NewEU Member States – Crime, RiskyBehaviour and Victimization in theCapital Cities of Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Lithuania, Polandand Slovenia, edited by M. Steketee,M. Moll, and A. Kapardis (Utrecht:Verwey-Jonker Institute, 2008).

Incorporation of all country (raw)data into one data base is nearlycomplete. This has happened muchfaster compared with ISRD-1, thanksto the many unifying proceduresintroduced by our mainmethodologist, Dirk Enzmann. Forexample, in order to make data-entrycomparable, he introduced the methodEpi-data and provided participantswith additional syntax files. Ruleswere developed concerning codingand recoding and for designingelementary tables.

A technical report will describe allthe decisions taken to makecomparable analyses possible. Whencomplete, the database will include74.000 cases, representing 30 samplesof 12-15 year old children in cities of30 countries.

To enlarge the theoretical basis ofthe study, both national and localstructural social indicators werecollected and will be integrated into

InternationalSelf-ReportDelinquency

StudyBy Josine Junger-Tas

the merged dataset.We will present a number of ISRD-2

outcomes in three panels at the ESCmeeting in Edinburgh:· Results from the ISRD Daphne

countries;· Methodological issues, local

indicators, and some keycomparative findings;

· Comparative findings of individualcountries.

For further information, contactJosine Junger-Tas([email protected]).

The network will convene panelson the politics of community safety atthe forthcoming meeting in Edinburgh.The concept of community safety hasacquired a significant followingamongst those concerned with thereduction of crime and disorder and‘quality of life’ issues both in Scotlandand south of the border in Englandand Wales.

The meaning and relevance ofcommunity safety for colleagueselsewhere in Europe provided thefocus of a panel convened at thesecond annual meeting of the Societyin Toledo in 2002, which led to theestablishment of this network. Thepapers scheduled for presentation atEdinburgh provide an opportunemoment to consider progressachieved in discussing thetransferability of this concept andothers, such as public safety and

EuropeanGovernance ofPublic Safety

ResearchNetwork

By Adam Edwards

public security, in the intervening sixyears of debates.

For observers of the Britishcriminological scene, the concept ofcommunity safety will be familiar,having been first introduced into thevernacular of national publicadministration by a Home Office-sponsored report in 1991, SaferCommunities: The Local Delivery ofCrime Prevention Through thePartnership Approach, colloquiallyknown as the ‘Morgan Report’ afterthe chair of the working party thatproduced it, James Morgan. TheMorgan Report promoted the conceptof community safety as an alternativeto that of crime prevention, which itregarded as ‘often narrowlyinterpreted [reinforcing] the view thatit is solely the responsibility of thepolice’.

Community safety subsequentlyrepresented a belief in involving abroader range of actors in theprevention of crime, particularly localgovernment departments concernedwith housing, education, health,employment, and services for youngpeople, and, through the involvementof such actors, a broadening of thevery objects of governance beyondthat of the prevention of particulartypes of crime. The concept came tosignify a concern with promotingcitizens’ ‘quality of life’ through afocus on the causal relationshipsbetween patterns of offending,victimisation, housing tenure,educational attainment, health, incomedistribution, and so forth.

It suggested the appropriate focusfor criminological inquiry should beon the complex social causation ofcrime. In this regard, communitysafety entailed the rehabilitation ofsociological traditions of thinkingabout crime that had been the subjectof much criticism both fromacademics, including morepsychologically-oriented proponentsof individualised risk management and‘crime scientists’ antipathetic to any‘dispositional’ accounts of crime, andfrom others, particularly populist


ESC WORKING GROUPSpoliticians concerned not to appear‘soft’ on crime, by offeringexplanations in any terms other thanthe individual responsibility ofoffenders for their own rationalchoices to offend.

In these terms, the struggle todefine and promote community safetyas an alternative to more narrowlyconstrued concepts of criminal justiceand crime prevention has providedfertile ground for studying thefortunes of sociologically-orientedcriminology. Commentaries on thepolitical fortunes of community safetyin Britain have also noted its‘polyvalence’ or capacity to meandifferent things for competingadvocacy coalitions in public policy,including its capture by proponents ofthe social-psychologically-oriented‘broken windows thesis’ to signifyimproved quality of life through theaggressive policing of streetpopulations.

Given this polyvalence even withinthe British criminological scene it isnot surprising that colleagueselsewhere in Europe have reacted tothe concept with varying degrees ofbemusement, scepticism, and outrightantipathy. This has included reticenceover the extent to which ‘community’threatens super-ordinate concepts ofsocial solidarity that inform national-popular projects, for example FrenchRepublicanism, or else signifybigoted, exclusionary, social networks.

To this end members of thenetwork preferred the concepts ofpublic safety or public security. Evenhere, however, there is disagreementgiven the connotations, in someEuropean contexts, of public securitywith paramilitary policing, which isabout as far away from the MorganReport’s concept of community safetyas one could get. Such debates revealthe intrinsic politics of criminologicalargument, the definition of terms, thecircumscription of debate aroundcertain objects obviating others, andthe extrinsic politics of the socialcontexts in which criminologicalresearch is embedded.

These and other debates are ofcentral concern to the development ofa European criminology that issensitive to the challenges of cross-cultural comparison. Signifying thesepractices for the purposes ofcomparison should also be a priorityfor a European criminology thatwishes to address the anxieties ofcitizens; anxieties which do not remainneatly boxed within the parameters ofcriminal justice systems but invariablysegue across the spectrum of socialpolicy concerns.

For further information, contactAdam Edwards, Cardiff UniversitySchool of Social Sciences([email protected]).

The idea for an ESC Working Groupon Community Sanctions developedout of a number of conversations atthe Bologna conference last year. Boththe range and use of communitysanctions and measures (‘CSM’) haveincreased significantly across Europein recent years. In differentjurisdictions they operate in verydifferent ways. Often the focus is on‘front-end’ diversion from prosecutionmeasures or sentences in their ownright (including, for example, victim-offender mediation, fines andcompensation orders, probation,community service, drug treatment andtesting, conditional or suspendedsentences, and electronic monitoring).But CSM can also refer to ‘back-door’mechanisms to reduce prisonovercrowding and/or resettle releasedprisoners (involving various kinds ofparole and non-parole licences andsometimes home detention schemesusing electronic monitoring).

In more conceptual terms, different

CommunitySanctions

By Fergus McNeill

jurisdictions place different emphaseson punishment in the community,reparation and restoration,alternatives to custody, rehabilitationand public protection. The initialdiscussions about the working groupsuggested that, certainly incomparison with analyses ofimprisonment, penologists have paidtoo little attention to the political,social, and cultural dynamics thatboth generate and reflect thesedifferent philosophies, systems, andpractices of CSM. The growth in CSMacross Europe suggests that there isan urgent need for the development ofmore critical and more comparativework in this area.

The ESC Executive Committeeagreed in December that the groupshould be established and an initialmeeting of some of the group’sfounding members took place inBarcelona in April 2008, thanks to kindfinancial support and generoushospitality of the Catalan Ministry ofJustice. Academics from Belgium,Catalonia, England, Romania,Scotland, Sweden, and Wales attendedthis initial meeting and agreed thefollowing remit for the group:

This group exists to encouragenetworking, foster discussion,stimulate empirical research, enabletheoretical development, andencourage critical and comparativework on community sanctions inEuropean jurisdictions. Its specificinterests and concerns include:

1. The historical development ofcommunity-based criminal justicesanctions in Europeanjurisdictions, how communitysanctions in European jurisdictionsare currently configured (both aslegal orders and as related penalpractices) and whether, in whatways, and to what extent they aresubject to significant ongoingreconfiguration or transformation

2. The emergence and significance ofnew forms of community sanction,such as compulsory drug treatment

Continued on next page


ESC WORKING GROUPSand electronic monitoring

3. The effectiveness of thesesanctions and their impacts:a. on sentencingb. on offendersc. on victimsd. on communitiese. on other stakeholders

4. Public attitudes to and mediarepresentations of such measures

5. The issues of discrimination anddiversity that arise in connectionwith community sanctions.

Getting straight to work on thisagenda, papers were presented at theBarcelona meeting by Sonja Snacken(Vrije Universiteit Brussel) on ‘TheCulture of Control in Europe?’; byIoan Durnescu (Universitatea dinBucuresti) on ‘Community Sanctionsand Measures in Europe: Findingsfrom a recent survey’ (based on workundertaken with Prof. Anton vanKalmthout); by Josep Cid (UniversitatAutonoma de Barcelona) on ‘TheSpanish System of Alternatives toPrison’; and by Elena Laraurri(Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona)on ‘The Use of Programmes forDomestic Violence Perpetrators inCatalonia’. The four papers set astandard that will be hard to maintain;they also set a pattern that we aim tocontinue of exploring theoretical/conceptual issues at the ‘macro’ level;of exploring in more detailcomparisons between systems andpractices at the micro level; and ofexploring community sanctions in thejurisdiction hosting the meeting.

The group also discussed the needto widen its membership, agreeing toprioritise countries that are not yetrepresented, including France,Germany, Italy, Portugal, and EasternEuropean countries, and that, with aneye to capacity building in this area,we should try to include not onlysenior and established academics, butalso early career academics. In makingconnections with policy and practice,we have already begun exploring linkswith the Conference PermanenteEuropeenne de la Probation.

The group aims to have a shortbusiness meeting at the ESCconference in Edinburgh and, moreimportantly, to run a series of themedpanels on ‘Exploring the Histories ofCommunity Sanctions’, ‘Gender,Diversity and Community Sanctions’,‘Reviving Alternatives to Custody?’,‘Exploring the Present: CommunitySanctions and Measures in Europe’and ‘New Directions: Compliance andElectronic Monitoring’. AfterEdinburgh, the next meeting of thegroup will be at the University ofGlasgow on 24th April, 2009.

If anyone would like moreinformation about the group – orbetter still would like to becomeinvolved – please contact:

Fergus McNeill (University ofGlasgow) [email protected] .

The group’s second book is nearlycompleted and will be published in theautumn. The subjects covered includefundamental issues in Juvenile justice,such as young people’s rights, theage of criminal responsibility, thetransfer of juveniles to adult courts inthe United States and Europe, parentalresponsibility for children’sdelinquent behaviour, restorativejustice, prevention, diversion, andinstitutional sanctions. The lastchapter proposes a reformed systemof juvenile justice taking into accountthe important contributions of theauthors.

Following the Bologna meeting, theworking group started a third project,Juvenile justice and Protection inPractice. It will consider problemspresented both by child offenders andby victims of neglect and physical and

JuvenileJustice

By Josine Junger-Tas

sexual abuse. This approach isinspired by the UN Convention on theRights of the Child (UNCRC) for twoessential reasons. The UNCRCcovers both categories of children.Research has shown theinterrelationship between, for example,physical or sexual abuse in earlychildhood and delinquent behaviourand drug use in the adolescent years.

In many cases, particularly withrespect to children over age 12, it isfar from clear how juvenile judges andother authorities decide whether torefer juveniles to the penal or to othersystems, such as youth protection ormental health, and what the roles ofother intervening parties, such as thepolice, social services, and theprosecutor, should be.

We often ignore the criteria theyuse and apply in practice inprocessing young children andcriminally responsible young people.It is clear from knowledge from manycountries that judicial practice is oftenfar different from what legal rulesprescribe. We don’t always knowwhat the role is of the system’sdifferent components.

The group’s activities will lead totwo outcomes. First, a thirdpublication is being planned with(critical) contributions on theimpenetrable and non-transparentmixing-up of juvenile justice andyouth protection services andprograms. Participants have alreadyproposed contributions onsafeguarding juveniles’ rights in theprocess, handling so-called ‘childrenin danger’, and comparative analysesof justice and welfare in Europe.

Second, we made an applicationto the Daphne III program of theEuropean Commission ‘to bringtogether expertise from differentEuropean and international researchnetworks in order to formulate policyrecommendations both at thenational and European level, withthe objective to improve and reformgeneral youth policies, preventionpolicies and policies with respect toJuvenile Justice and Youth


Protection. In short: How do we dealwith children as (actual or potential)offenders and as (actual or potential)victims?’ The application proposesfour workshops over two yearsperiod, covering four subjects:· General youth policies in European

countries with respect to juvenilejustice and youth protection.

· Prevention policies and programsaddressed to children and youngpeople.

· Juvenile justice policies andinterventions.

· Youth protection policies andinterventions.If funding is obtained, the four

meetings will facilitate working groupmeetings besides those at annual ESCmeetings.

In the meantime I encourage ESCmembers to contribute to the thirdpublication on Juvenile Justice andYouth Protection.

Please send abstracts or requestsfor further information to JosineJunger-Tas ([email protected]).

ESC WORKING GROUPS

The purpose of the working groupis to foster high-quality criminologyprogrammes and innovative teachingin European universities. The basicidea is to find a consensus concerningaims and ambitions concerning thesubstance and processes of teachingwhile “the challenge” lies in theresults of teaching (communicatingeffectively with policymakers and thepublic). Both are very important.

However, I suggest formulatinggoals for the working group ofinitiating a discourse and seeking a

EuropeanUniversity

CurriculumBy Gorazd Meško

consensus or at least mutualunderstanding on the substance ofteaching (e.g., the place of criticalcriminology, analyses of on-goingprocesses in politics and public),teaching processes (e.g., innovation,transfer of knowledge, mobility), andthe results of teaching (public andprofessional awareness, influenceover decision making processes).

In some countries, raising the levelof understanding of public and privatesectors concerning criminologicalknowledge is critical. It is alsoimportant to start a discussion on thelabour market for criminologists.

Plans for the working group for theperiod 2006-2009 include learningabout programmes in criminology,criminal justice, crime prevention andcommunity safety, victimology, etc.;and seeking and obtaining researchgrants for creation of a EuropeanHigher Education Directory forCriminology that provides fullparticulars about undergraduate andpost-graduate programmes,institutions, and academiccriminologists. Anyone willing toparticipate in working on developmentof standards for teaching andcontributing to the development ofknowledge about criminologicalprogrammes in Europe is verywelcome to join and work with thegroup.

In addition, members of the grouporganised a seminar onInterdisciplinary Criminology Studies(May, 9-10, 2008, Vilnius, Lithuania).The seminar was organised by theLaw Institute of Lithuania and VilniusUniversity. Papers were presentedabout teaching criminology as ainterdisciplinary subject. Interestingquestions arose, such as ‘Who NeedsCriminology?’, ‘What Works in CrimePrevention? A Discussion ofEvidence- based Crime ControlPolicies’, ‘What Can PoliticalScientists and Criminologists Learnfrom Each Other?’, etc.

Examples of how criminology istaught in different levels of studywere presented as well as legal and

social scientific understanding ofcriminology. Anti-criminology wasalso discussed. Conceptualdiscussions ensued aboutcriminology, teaching criminology, andcriminological research.

National and internationalexperiences on criminology courseswere presented with particularemphasis on teaching criminology andteaching needs for differentprofessions; in many countriescriminology is not a distinctprofession or discipline but isattached to other professions.

For further information, contactGorazd Meško, University of Maribor([email protected]).

On Thursday, January 24, theLancaster-Warwick node of the ESRCNational Centre for Research Methodstogether with the EDLC organized aone-day conference at the RoyalStatistical Society in London.Exploring recent developments andfuture areas of research in criminalcareers research, research groups fromEngland, Scotland, the U.S., and theNetherlands presented their currentwork on trajectories in delinquencyand crime, life course transitions, anddevelopmental patterns in criminalbehavior for an international audienceof researchers and practitioners.

The lively discussions, hospitalityof the organizers, and the centralLondon location contributed to thesuccess of the conference. Abstractsand powerpoints of the talks

EuropeanDevelopmental

and LifeCourse (EDLC)



The University

The beauty and history of the city of Cambridge make it a great place to study and live.With a worldwide reputation for excellence, the University offers a broad range of disciplinesgiving students an unrivalled opportunity for interaction and exchange.

The Institute of Criminology

The oldest of its kind in Europe, the Institute has a multi-disciplinary staff and internationalstudent body. With its modern premises, the Institute offers students state-of-the-art facilitiesincluding access to one of the best criminology libraries in the world.

Main Research Topics

Developmental Criminology; Prisons and Probation; Social Contexts of Crime; CrimePrevention; Experimental Criminology; Offender Treatment; Women and Criminal Justice;Penal Ethics and Penal Theory; Policing; Restorative Justice; Criminological Theory;Sentencing and its Outcomes; Situational Prevention; Mental Health and Crime, andForensic Psychology.

Academic Staff

Professor Sir Anthony Bottoms; Dr Timothy Coupe; Dr Ben Crewe; Dr Mandeep Dhami;Dr Manuel Eisner; Professor David Farrington; Dr Loraine Gelsthorpe; Dr Adrian Grounds;Prof Andrew von Hirsch; Dr Paula Kautt; Prof Roy King; Prof Alison Liebling; ProfessorFriedrich Lösel (Director); Dr Katrin Müller-Johnson; Dr Joe Murray; Dr Kate Painter;Professor Lawrence Sherman, Sarah Tait, Dr Justice Tankebe, Sarah van Mastrigt, andProfessor Per-Olof Wikström.

For further information, please visit our website at:www.crim.cam.ac.uk/courses

Tel. +44 (0)1223 335363; Email: [email protected]

UNIVERSITY OFCAMBRIDGEINSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY

Criminological Courses at Cambridge• MPhil in Criminology (9 months)• MPhil in Criminological Research (1 year)• MSt in Applied Criminology and Police Management (part-time)• MSt in Applied Criminology, Penology and Management (part-time)• PhD in Criminology (full-time and part-time)


Information concerningregistration, accommodation, theconference programme, and so on isavailable on our website: http://www.lifelong.ed.ac.uk/eurocrim2008/.Information about registration fees isshown in the table.

The main conference programmetakes place in the comfortable andwell-equipped surroundings ofMurrayfield stadium. The conferencefee includes lunches, teas, andcoffees on site and all receptionsmentioned in the programme. TheMurrayfield district is an attractivepart of the city and a number of hotelsare close at hand. Alternatively, forthose who prefer to stay in the centreof the city, Princes Street, the heart ofhistoric and tourist Edinburgh, it is ashort bus or taxi ride away.

Pre-conference events will takeplace on 2 September (mainly inuniversity buildings in the city centre)and on the morning of 3 September(mainly at Murrayfield). Anyone whowishes to arrange a workinggroup session or other meetingoutside the main conferenceprogramme should contact theorganisers as soon as possible.

Many delegates will beinterested to know that theScottish Institute for PolicingResearch (SIPR) holds its annualconference, also at Murrayfield,on 2 September so that thosewho wish also to attend thisevent can conveniently do so.Please contact SIPR(www.sipr.ac.uk) for details.

All ESC delegates arewelcome to attend the SIPR annuallecture and wine reception from 17:00on 2 September at no additional cost.For those arriving on the morning of 3September, refreshments will beavailable throughout the morning andpublishers’ displays will be opening.The official opening ceremony of theconference is at 12.00 on 3 Septemberand the first plenary session begins at12.30.

Scots have a great tradition ofhospitality and love a good party. Onthe evening of Wednesday 3September there will be a reception inthe magnificent surroundings of the

ESC in Edinburgh Continued from page 1

CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FEES (IN EUROS)

Before 1 July 2008 After 1 July 2008ESC members 250.00 325.00ESC members (students) 125.00 150.00Non ESC members 325.00 400.00Non ESC members (students) 165.00 200.00

Registration forms can be downloaded from the conference website(http://www.lifelong.ed.ac.uk/eurocrim2008/) and faxed to Prof. MarceloAebi, Executive Secretary, Fax: +41 21 692 4605 or forwarded by e-mail to:[email protected].

Playfair Library in Old College, hostedby the School of Law in associationwith Willan Publishing. The Playfairwas once the library of the Universityof Edinburgh and is now one of itsprincipal public rooms. A free busservice will run from Murrayfield tothe reception. Old College is right inthe heart of Edinburgh’s Old Town,whose many restaurants, pubs, andbars will then be at your disposal.

Edinburgh has more than 350restaurants of all kinds, many excellentand some of quite exceptional quality.

On Thursday 4 September alldelegates are invited by SAGE to raisea glass in celebration of the 10th

anniversary of its journal Punishment& Society.

In a slight departure from previouspractice the last day of theconference, Friday 5 September, willbe a full day and participants areencouraged to plan to staythroughout wherever possible. Inreturn for this endurance we offer afun-packed Friday evening featuring a

whisky reception, gala dinner, andceilidh. Tickets for the gala dinner willbe available for purchase shortly.

A ceilidh is a traditional Scottishcelebration involving lots of dancing(instruction is provided) and variousforms of refreshments. The dancingwill be led by our outstanding bandThe Thunderdogs (http://www.thunderdog.co.uk/). A ceilidh isthe most invigorating way possible of

ending a conference anddefinitely not to be missed.Those who would like to enterfully into the spirit of the thingby hiring traditional highlanddress are by no meansdiscouraged from doing so andthere are numerous suppliersaround the city. This is of courseentirely voluntary - there arehowever a number of seniorcriminologists whom theorganisers would be delighted andintrigued to see in this condition.

Edinburgh enjoys excellenttransport links. Edinburgh airport

offers flights to and from more than100 destinations http://www.edinburghairport.com/ and thecity also has excellent rail links.

We strongly recommend earlybooking of accommodation.Edinburgh is a popular touristdestination at most times of year.Those who wish to arrive early andenjoy part of the celebrated EdinburghFestival, which runs throughout themonth of August, would be advised toreserve their accommodationforthwith.

We look forward to seeing you inEdinburgh.

Join us at the Ceilidh


Sophie Body-Gendrot Continued from page 1

the eye could see!’ When Americanmilitary families arrived in Verdun,bringing with them tales of the modernworld, youth, well-being, and exoticcultures, they inspired Sophie tobecome bilingual and bicultural, littleknowing how far these assets wouldlead her in later life.

In 1963 she obtained a BA inAnglo-American studies at theSorbonne and headed to the UK tospend a year as a lectrice in a Britishuniversity as part of her MA course.After that, teaching in an Americanschool in Rome, she rubbed shoulderswith young American teachers, freshfrom struggles for civil rights, whowere in Rome to escape being draftedto fight in the Vietnam War.

They were responsible for Sophie’spolitical awakening. The problemsfaced by racial minorities,constitutional rights, and worldpolitics seemed hugely more relevantto her than her studies to date. Shedecided to change track and enrolledin the prestigious Science Po in Paris.

During her student years, Sophietraveled to Egypt, then the followingyear to South America (with herbackpack and two dollars a day). Thencame the assassinations of MartinLuther King and Robert Kennedy andMay 1968 in Paris, which sheremembers, along with 11 September2001, as life-changing experiences.She drifted for several years, married,gave birth to twin daughters, and triedall sorts of odd jobs to make endsmeet.

In 1978, thanks to a grant fromTocqueville, she moved to New Yorkto carry out field work for her thesis inpolitical science. Her special interestwas in conflicts over social housing inPuerto Rican, Jewish, and Chineseghettos. She adored the crazy energyof ‘the Big Apple’, where she was avisiting scholar in internationalrelations at Columbia and in sociologyat New York University.

Returning to Paris was difficult.French universities, at least in thesocial sciences, were Marxist-dominated. Because she was studyingAmerican society, even through a lensfocusing on its problems, Sophie was

accused of introducing a ‘TrojanHorse’ to French research. Her US“taint” excluded her from studies ofEuropean ghettos in which she wouldhave liked to participate.

In 1984, she obtained her doctoratein political science with high

distinction. Her thesis dealt withaccess to power of minority racialgroups through violence andintimidation in American towns incrisis. The subject, however, seemedmarginal to departmental directorswho were mostly interested in powerin general and the central state. Hersubject was way ahead of its time inFrench political science, even thoughtrouble was already stirring in thebanlieus.

Elected professor at the Sorbonnein 1990, she continued teachingseminars on urban violence atSciences Po. She finds thecombination of working as aresearcher and a teacher to be fruitful.‘I am inspired by the energy andquestioning minds of my students,’she says, ‘especially my doctoralstudents. Their whole futures rest ontheir theses and it causes them suchanguish. It’s essential to give them allthe support possible.’ In 2006, shebecame Chevalier de l’Ordre desPalmes Académiques in recognition ofher contributions to teaching.

Her Ville et Violence. L’irruptiondes nouveaux acteurs, based on herthesis, was published in 1993. It dealtwith American urban riots in the1960s, the Los Angeles riots in 1992,those in Brixton in 1981, and theevents of 1980 and 1990 in France. Itexplored violence among minoritiesand political responses in the threecountries. She continued to writebooks and articles, alone or incollaboration, on violence in citydistricts, in schools, and on national

and local policies for its prevention.Late in the 1990s, Sophie was

commissioned to carry out a study ofurban violence in France and Europe.It led to a report for the FrenchMinistry of the Interior. Another work,Les villes face à l’insécurité. Desghettos américains aux banlieuesfrançaises, arose from a comparisonwith this and her recent American fieldwork.

In 2000 she published SocialControl of Cities? A ComparativePerspective, which was written inEnglish. She admits this was not easy.‘Having to find the exact word reallyinterrupts your train of thought.’

From 2000-2003 she led a networkof European researchers supported bythe Council of Europe comparing thedynamics of violence in severalEuropean countries. Network memberscame from eight countries andmultidisciplinary backgrounds insociology, economics, and politics.

Her latest book, La peur détruira-t-elle la ville? (Will fear destroy thecity?), will appear in 2008. It reflectson the ways people’s fears aremanipulated in Western cities andsouthern metropolises. Much of thisis drawn from her findings as ‘expertin security in public spaces’ for theProgramme ‘Urban Age’ at the London

School of Economics.In her capacity as trustee for the

Milton Eisenhower Foundation inWashington, she organised acomparative colloquium in June 2007comparing findings of the theAmerican Kerner report on urbanviolence (40 years ago) and theEnglish Scarman report (25 years ago)with life today in the French suburbs.

‘I am inspired by the en-ergy and questioningminds of my students.’

Although Sophie feelstremendously privileged tohave been nominated forpresident-elect of the ESC,it has raised her anxietylevels.


Although Sophie feelstremendously privileged to have beennominated for president-elect of theESC, it has raised her anxiety levels.Will she be up to the task? She willcount on ESC members and on theboard in particular to guide her.

Sophie views the ESC as ‘asuccessful and thriving organization,thanks to a splendid leadership andgovernance’. She says, “It is exciting

President’s Message Continued from page 2

transcended national boundaries. Butit was also because data of adequatequality were not available easily or atall. Enormous progress has beenmade. This is a huge success of thecriminological community in Europe.

However, we can not andshould not be satisfied with thecurrent state of affairs. By thebeginning of the 1990s, the EuropeanUnion had established a separateinstitution, the European MonitoringCentre on Drugs and Drug Addiction(EMCDDA), to collect national andEuropean data on drug problems anddrug policies. This was mainlybecause drug problems and policiesraise important issues within theframework of the so called ‘third pillar’of the EU, even though formulation ofdrug policies remains to a large extenta matter of national sovereignty.

Nonetheless, it was obviousthat neither European nor national

drug policies in integrating Europe arepossible without good knowledge ofthe phenomena to be dealt with. As aconsequence, detailed and sometimesvery sophisticated kinds ofepidemiological and criminal justicedata are contained in EMCDDA’sannual reports and its otherpublications and databases. They maybe used both for research and forpolicy interventions.

Crime and its control raise equallyimportant issues for the EU and itsMember States. It is astonishing thatcollection of comparative data oncrime and criminal justice continues tobe the mission of a set of separate andscattered initiatives, struggling withchronic problems of resources,finances, and availability of nationaldata.

It is time to start thinking seriouslyabout creation of a permanentEuropean institution that monitors

to be aware of the importance ofEuropean research in criminology andof the possibility of constructivedialogue with other continents, thanksto that strength. I think both theEuropean Journal of Criminologyand Criminology in Europe areattractive and lively due to their highscientific quality and the informationprovided. More scholars in socialsciences should be aware of these

resources and it is my goal to forgetrails to other related disciplines andnetworks.’

Another society membership thatSophie will never let slip is the‘Chocolate Munchers’ Club.’ Herfavorite aphorism is that ‘A daywithout dark chocolate is a daydevoid of inspiration’. Marcelo, pleaseremember that when convening futureESC board meetings.

presented in London can bedownloaded from the followingwebsite: http://www.maths.lancs.ac.uk/department/specialistGroups/esrcRegional/workshops/Talks.

After last year’s successfulintroduction in Bologna, the EDLC willbe back in Edinburgh organizing threethematic sessions on developmentaland life course topics. Bringingtogether a mix of quantitative andqualitative papers, these sessions willcover such topics as enduring riskfactors and social class, assortative

crime and criminal justice data inMember States, and collects andprocesses data on those issues, asEMCDDA does it in the area of drugs,or as the Uniform Crime Reports andthe Bureau of justice Statistics do inthe United States. This may contributeto improving data collection systemsin Member States and improving thequality of comparative data in Europe.This would be an ambitious task,impossible to implement quickly, andrequiring long preparations.

But it is an idea that Europeancriminologists should begin toexplore. Some may say question thedesirability of creating yet anotherEuropean bureaucracy. It might,however, prove to be quite a usefulbureaucracy, one that couldcontribute in an important way to thedevelopment of European criminology,and to development of better crimecontrol policies.

mating, offending diversity andcareers in organized crime, andmethodological advances in modelingcriminal proclivity and escalation.

The EDLC sessions are aimed at anaudience interested in longitudinalresearch in delinquency and crime andenable researchers in this field to getacquainted with each others work.This year’s conference alreadytestifies to one of the major goals ofthe EDLC as one paper presents thefirst results of a collaborative effortbetween Norwegian and Dutch

members of the working group. Welook forward to a stimulatingconference and to meeting you inEdinburgh.

For further information, particularlyif you are working on a longitudinalresearch project and interested injoining the group, contact ArjanBlokland or Paul Nieuwbeerta,Netherlands Institute for the Study ofCrime and Law Enforcement([email protected]).

EDLC Working Group Continued from page 9


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Figure 2ESC Members by Countries with at least 9 members (2004-2007)

organizes the annual conferenceduring the year of the conference.The number of Dutch members washighest in 2004, when the conferencetook place in Amsterdam, and likewisefor Germans in 2006 (Tübingen) andItalians in 2007 (Bologna). Poland in2005 is the only exception (Krakow).These predictable increases do notradically change the geographicaldistribution of membership asmembers from the organizing countryin each case representedapproximately 10 per cent of the totalnumber of ESC members.

ESC WebsiteThe ESC Website received 21,936

visits in 2007, an average of 1828visits per month or 60 per day. Figure3 presents data on visits from January2004 to December 2007. The totalannual number of visits has beenincreasing since the creation of theWebsite, from, in round numbers,approximately 9,000 in 2004 to 16,000in 2005 and to 20,000 in 2006.

Peaks are usually registered inMay/June and August/September

ESC Annual Report 2007 Continued from page 3

coinciding with early and lateregistrations for the conference. InSeptember 2007 the Websiteregistered an all-time record of 2699visits from 74 countries. These datasignificantly undercount total ESC-related web activity as they do notinclude visits to conference websites,which are kept by local organizers.

In 2007, visitors downloaded 17925files. The record goes to the April 2007issue of the ESC newsletter,Criminology in Europe, which wasdownloaded 1028 times, followed bythe programs of the former ESCconferences, and other issues of thenewsletter. The programs of theKrakow and the Tübingenconferences were each downloadedalmost 600 times.

E-mail ActivityFinally, in round numbers, the

Executive Secretariat([email protected]) sent4500 e-mails in 2005, 4900 in 2006, and8000 in 2007 (circular e-mails arecounted as one e-mail). We received1400 in 2005, 2100 in 2006, and 3700 in

2007.As we said at the beginning, 2007

was the European Society ofCriminology’s most successful year todate. The number of conferenceparticipants increased by around 60per cent compared with the precedingyears – going from an average ofabout 500 in 2004, 2005, and 206 to 806in Bologna. ESC membershipincreased by 38 per cent from 2006.

It is difficult to establish preciselyhow much of these increases is due tothe consolidation of the society andhow much to the attractiveness ofBologna as an annual conference site.Developments in future years will helpanswer that question.

We look forward to seeing you inEdinburgh, Scotland (2 to 5 September2008), Ljubljana, Slovenia (9 to 12September 2009), and Liège, Belgium(September 2010).

Marcelo Aebi is ExecutiveSecretary of the ESC and GraceKronicz is business manager.


Figure 3Visitors per Month from January 2004 to December 2007

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New Criminology Books from WNew Criminology Books from Willan Publishingillan Publishing

Restorative Justice, Self-interest and Responsible CitizenshipLode Walgrave (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)

This book represents the culmination of Lode Walgrave’s vision for restorative justice. Coming to the subject from ajuvenile justice background he initially saw restorative justice as a means of escaping the rehabilitation-punishmentdilemma, and as the basis for a more constructive judicial response to youth crime that had been the case hitherto. Overtime his conception of restorative justice moved in the direction of focusing on repairing harm and suffering rather thanensuring that the youthful offender met with a 'just' response, and encompassing the notion that restorative justice was notso much about a justice system promoting restoration, more a matter of doing justice through restoration.

June 2008 256pp (234 x 156mm)ISBN 978-1-84392-334-3 (paperback) £25.00 ISBN 978-1-84392-335-0 (hardback) £50.00

Drugs and Crime (3e)Philip Bean (formerly Loughborough University)

Provides an authoritative and much-needed overview of the range of issues associated with drugs-related crime. Theauthor pays particular attention to policing drugs and drug markets and the way they operate, so that a central theme ofthe book is the importance of reducing supply at local, national and international levels. Accordingly there are chapters onthe drugs-crime link, sentencing drug offenders, policing drug offenders including the use of informers, coercive treatment,trafficking and laundering, and on gender issues, including the treatment of women drug users.

May 2008 320pp (234 x 156mm)ISBN 978-1-84392-331-2 (paperback) £19.50

Police in the Age of ImprovementPolice development and the civic tradition in Scotland, 1775–1865David G Barrie (University of Western Australia)

Little is known about the Scottish police’s origins, development and character despite growing interest in the machinery oflaw enforcement in other parts of the United Kingdom. This book seeks to remedy this deficiency. Based on extensivearchival research, its central aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of the economic, social, intellectual and political factorsthat shaped police reform, development and policy in Scottish burghs during the 'Age of Improvement'.

May 2008 328pp (234 x 156mm)ISBN 978-1-84392-266-7 (hardback) £45.00

Governing Through Globalised Crime: futures for international criminal justiceMark Findlay (University of Sydney)

Governing through Globalised Crime provides an analysis of the impact of globalisation of crime on the governancecapacity of the international criminal justice system. It explores how the perceived increased risk in global security hasresulted in a reformulation of the relationship between crime and governance.

April 2008 304pp (234 x 156mm)ISBN 978-1-84392-308-4 (paperback) £22.50 ISBN 978-1-84392-309-1 (hardback) £50.00

For further information about these and other forthcoming books, or to place an order, please contact Willan Publishing

on:

(tel) +44(0)1884 849085, (fax) +44(0)1884 840251,

E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.willanpublishing.com

or write to:

Willan Publishing, Culmcott House, Mill Street, Uffculme, Devon EX15 3AT, UK

Dictionary of PolicingEdited by Tim Newburn (LSE) and Peter Neyroud (Chief Executive, NPIA)

This Dictionary is the essential reference and companion for people working in and studying policing, and anybody else –working in other agencies of the criminal justice system and beyond – needing to know about the key ideas and conceptsof policing. The book includes approximately 300 entries (of between 500 and 1500 words) on key terms and conceptsarranged alphabetically.

April 2008 384pp (246 x 171mm)ISBN 978-1-84392-287-2 (paperback) £22.99ISBN 978-1-84392-288-9 (hardback) £50.00

Crime, Law and Popular Culture in EuropeEdited by Richard McMahon (University of Dundee)

Explores the relationship between crime, law and popular culture in Europe from the sixteenth century onwards. How wascrime understood and dealt with by ordinary people and to what degree did they resort to or reject the official law andcriminal justice system as a means of dealing with different forms of criminal activity? Serves to illuminate howexperiences of and attitudes to crime and the law may have corresponded or differed in different locations and contexts aswell as contributing to a wider understanding of popular culture and consciousness in early modern and modern Europe.

May 2008 288pp (234 x 156mm)ISBN 978-1-84392-118-9 (paperback) £19.99 ISBN 978-1-84392-119-6 (hardback) £47.50

WINNERAcademic andProfessional Publisher of the Year 2008

newsletter of the criminology in europe vol.7 • no. 2...

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