NIHFW NewsletterQuarterly Newsletter of the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Vol. XVI, No. 3, July-September, 2014

From the Director‘s Desk

Potable Water and Sanitation are Indispensable for Health

One’s health and hygiene are primarily dependant on his/her access to safe drinking water and sanitation. Hence, there is a symbiosis between water, sanitation and health. Quality of water ensures a healthy environment and human health. It is a basic human right and a key component of effective public health delivery system. The importance of community water supply and sanitation as a key health and development issue has been highlighted in a number of international policy fora, such as the Alma Ata Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978, and the Mardel Plata World Water Conference in 1977, which led to the launch of the Water Supply and Sanitation Decade of 1981-1990 and, the Millennium Development Goal adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2000.

Consumption of unsafe drinking water, improper disposal of human excreta, lack of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene have been the major causes of many diseases in developing countries including India. So, the Union Government launched the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986 to improve the quality of life in rural India and also provide the privacy and dignity to women. Same year, National Drinking Water Mission was also set-up. Since independence, the Government of India has been trying to improve drinking water, sanitation as well as health.

Infectious agents associated with wastewater and excreta as well as heavy metals toxic organic and inorganic substances pose serious threats to human health and the environment, particularly when industrial wastes are added to the waste stream. WHO holds that water-borne diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. It further states that lack of clean water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices are among the underlying causes of child morbidity and mortality. Approximately, 88% of the diarrhoeal diseases are attributed to unsafe water supply, inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Research studies estimate that improved water supply can decrease 6-25% of diarrhoeal morbidity; improved sanitation can

decrease the diarrhoeal morbidity by 32%; hand-washing with soap could decrease this by 47% while point-of-use microbial water treatment could reduce the risk of diarrhoeal disease by 35%.

Diarrhoea has accounted for 0.7 million deaths in children under 5 in 2011 i.e. 11% of

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2 NIHFW Newsletter

child deaths world-wide. The current estimate suggests that there are about 1.4 billion episodes of diarrhoea among under 5 children a year with 123 million clinic visits annually and 9 million hospitalizations worldwide. In India, acute diarrhoeal diseases accounts for about 8% of under 5 child deaths. About 10.6 million cases with 1293 deaths have been reported in India in 2011. Research studies estimate a 6-25% decrease in diarrhoeal morbidity by improving water supply, 32% reduction by improving sanitation, 47% reduction by hand washing with soap and 35% reduction with point-of-use microbial water treatment. Human excreta have been implicated in the transmission of many other infectious diseases including cholera, typhoid, infectious hepatitis, polio, and ascariasis. The major pathogenic organisms responsible for water-borne diseases in India are bacteria- E. coli, Shigella, and V cholera;viruses- Hepatitis A, Polio Virus, and Rota Virus; and parasites- E. histolytica, and Giardia. Unsafe water and poor sanitation are also major contributors for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India. Inadequate sanitation also causes a loss of 90 million days a year burdening the Indian economy.

In India, domestic sewage is the major source of pollution of surface water which contributes pathogens, the main source of water-borne diseases along with depletion of oxygen in water bodies. Sewage along with agricultural run-off and industrial effluents containing a large amount of heavy metals, toxic organic and inorganic substances can pose serious threats to human health and the environment. A large part of the domestic sewage is not even collected especially in small towns resulting in stagnation of sewage within the cities. This stagnation provides a good breeding ground to mosquitoes. Contamination of the ground water due to seepage from toxic waste is another issue of concern as it is the only source of drinking water in many cities.

Besides, high fluoride concentration in ground water, beyond the permissible limit of 1.5 ppm, has come to stay as a major issue affecting a large segment of rural population; to the tune of 25 million spread in over more than 200 districts in 17 states in the country. The population at risk is estimated at around 66 million. Southern India is severely affected by fluoride where its concentration in ground water varies from 0.2-20 mg/L. Similarly, the North-West region is also highly affected and ground water concentration in this region is 0.4-19 mg/L. Central India and Deccan Province of India is moderately affected having ground water fluoride concentration ranging from 0.2-10mg/L and 0.4-8mg/L, respectively. Salinity of water is also a major source of contamination in coastal India.

The presence of excess Arsenic in ground water has been reported from West Bengal. Nearly 13.8 million people in 75 blocks are reported at risk. It is also reported that around 0.2 million people in West Bengal have arsenic related skin manifestations. Other water-quality problems in India include varying iron levels in ground water that restricts water utility owing to colour, turbidity and taste. Especially in northeastern India, heavy metals such as Chromium, Lead and Nickel are found.

According to a WHO report of 2014, on sanitation front, by the end of 2012, 64% of the global population used improved sanitation facilities, a rise of 15 percentage points since 1990. However, 2.5 billion people of whom two-thirds live in Asia and a quarter in sub-Saharan Africa, still use unimproved sanitation facilities. There are 46 countries where at least half the population is not using an improved sanitation facility. Many children, particularly girls, do not attend school either because of unavailability of proper toilet facility, lack of water in the school premises or concern for their privacy and modesty. The ‘All India School Education Survey’ conducted by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT, New Delhi) also reports that the lack of basic essentials such as potable water and lavatories has led to high drop out among girls, particularly in rural India. Inadequate sanitation leads to a number of financial and economic costs including, increased medical costs as well as lost income through reduced or lost productivity. The WHO report says that although India is on track to meet its millennium development goal for safe drinking water with 93% of the population having access to an improved source of water, it is far from achieving the target for improved sanitation facilities as 792 million people were still living without access to improved sanitation facilities in 2012. While the urban sanitation coverage in the country is around 81%, the rural sanitation coverage is only 32.7% which calls for more focused and systematic interventions. Access to potable water still remains a challenge in rural India. Over 620 million Indians defecate in the open and majority of them don’t treat their drinking water. In 2011, Planning Commission of India reported that 13% of drinking water in rural India contained fertilizers and pesticides posing hazards to the flora and fauna. As per the Drinking Water Advocacy and Communication Strategy Framework prepared by UNICEF in consultation with the Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation 2013-2017, water, sanitation and health (WASH) plays a major factor for the death of six lakh under-five children every year and 45% of the Indian children are stunted. The affect of unsafe drinking water is also reflected in the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India, for example as per Census of India-2011, under-five IMR in 2010 was 38 in urban areas while it was 66 in rural areas with a majority of them being females; and majority of these deaths are caused by water-borne dieases, primarily diarrhoea. Very recently, NIHFW has been made the Key Resource Centre (KRC) of WASH, by the Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. We at NIHFW, are committed to deliver the results. Considering the size of the country and regional variations, India has made significant strides in the water and sanitation arena yet it has some challenges that need to be addressed.

In our list of challenges, we have to revive traditional water bodies, cleaning of major rivers in addition to linking of clean village, solid and liquid waste management, recycling of used water as part of sustainable water supply system. Striking the

Sanitation and Personal hygiene

are must for healthy life

Courtesy: Google Images

3NIHFW Newsletter

mindset of the people through severe awareness campaigns on sanitation is mandatory. We need to promote mechanisms to bring about and sustain behavioural changes aimed at healthy sanitation practices by each and everybody. We have to address the urban-rural disparity especially in the sanitation sector while focusing on the convergence of resources and investments among different sectors such as health, education, woman and child development, rural development, etc. Updating web-based data collection on status of drinking water supply and sanitation is required to track the status for appropriate interventions at various levels from time to time. Good news is that the government’s Swachh Bharat Mission will bring a definite change on this front to make India filth-free by 2019, the 150th birth anniversary year of the Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi. Our Prime Minister’s address in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 27 September, 2014 reflects this commitment.

Events

68th Independence Day

68th Independence Day of India was celebrated in the Institute on 15 August 2014 with the unfurling of the national tricolor by Prof. Jayanta K. Das, Director. Addressing the gathering, he revisited Hon’ble Prime Minister’s speech from the ramparts of Red Fort that morning and called for devotion in work by everybody in their respective spheres of work. Wishing everybody on the occasion, he appealed each individual to be a ‘change agent’ first rather than expecting others to change. Children of the staff recited patriotic songs and some other personnel also reminisced the sacrifice made by our great martyrs to make India free from the tentacles of colonialism and imperialism.

Director, NIHFW, and children of the staff singing the National Anthem on Independence Day ( Left) and faculty and staff attending the ceremony (above).

Visitors to NIHFW

The Institute received the following guests in the third quarter of 2014:• Nick Tomlinson, Hawna Binci and Jan-Amand Clark from Department

of Health, UK; Dr. Himangi Bhardwaj from British High Commission; Nel Druce, Department For International Development (DFID), UK; Dr. Elizabeth Goodburn, IMD-RCGP, UK; and Wendy Russel, Health Education, UK; visited the Institute on 1 September.

Also, students from the following institutes visited NIHFW during July – Sepember 2014:• Post Graduate Trainees, Officers of Armed Forces Medical College, Pune; and• College of Nursing, Dr. Balabhai Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai.

Prof. Jayanta K. Das, Director, NIHFW (R); briefing the British delegation

The ten-week duration Professional Development Course (PDC) for Management, Public Health and Health SectorReforms for District Level Medical Officers is continued at 17 Institutes including NIHFW. 36 officers were trained in PDC during the quarter at two institutes including NIHFW.

Professional Development Course in Management, Public Health and Health Sector Reforms for DMO’s

Guest LecturesDr. Arthur L. Frank, Professor and Chair, Environmental and Occupational Health Programme, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA; delivered a lecture on Public Health at Workplace on 4 July 2014.

Dr. Narendra Kumar Arora, Executive Director, INCLEN International, delivered a lecture on Injection Safety: Strategy to Improve Patient Care on 1 August 2014.

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Dr. Narendra Kumar Arora

World Population Day

UNFPA has marked 11 July as the World Population Day. This is celebrated every year world-wide by organizing lectures, rallies and other activities to create awareness among people about population issues. The theme for World Population Day for 2014 was ‘Investing in Young People’. Addressing the gathering, Dr. Pushpanjali Swain, Acting Head, Department of Statistics and Demography, and coordinator of the occasion; presented an overview of the current scenario of India’s population vis-a-vis the world’s. She shared her views on practice of early marriage, early pregnancy and large number of young people in Indian population and their problems.

A skit on Population Burden and Limited Resources was presented by M.D. (CHA) and DHA first year students. The skit was very creative as well as informative followed by a quiz programme for the audiences. Prof. M. Bhattacharya, HOD,

Department of Community Health Administration, briefed about the objectives of Jansankhya Sthirta Kosh (Population Stabilisation Fund). She also shared her experiences of Prerna Strategy in which the couples who have broken the stereotype and how they are identified and promoted as role models for responsible parenthood.

Prof. Jayanta K. Das, Director, NIHFW, shared his views about population dynamics, family welfare, concerns related to the largest population of young people in India and investing in this age group to get rich dividends in future. He also shared his views on the proceedings that took place at India Habitat Centre in the morning that day. The winners and participants of the quiz competition were given away prizes.

Prof. M. Bhattacharya (R) giving away prizes to the winners of the quiz competition

Dr. Arthur L. Frank

Partners Meet

A Development Partners meeting was organiged by the Department of Communication on 14 August 2014 to discuss and explore the possibility ofpartnership in developing the National IEC Resource Centre at the Institute. Representatives from the leading agencies working in the field of health in India, like UNICEF, UNFPA, USAID, BBC, Save the Children, John Hopkins, Futures Group, FHI 360, IHBP, PSI, PCI, FPI among others attended the meeting. The members felt the need for a collective effort to collate and host all the IEC materialsacross the country at one place for better usage and strengthening of health communication system in India.

Representatives of various agencies looking at the displays in the NIHFW Public Health Museum

Poster Making on Diabetes

The Department of Communication organised a Poster Making Competition on Diabetes in the Institute on 28 August 2014. 22 participants, including both staff and students, participated in the event. The competition was a follow-up activity of the brainstorming session organized at the Institute to develop communication materials on the issue. The participants were asked to develop the posters for school students as the target audience focusing on symptoms of diabetes and preventive measures. A Participant during the

Poster Competition

Activities of DirectorIn addition to his involvement in the activities of the Institute; Prof. Jayanta K. Das, Director, NIHFW, being an expert in the field of Public Health, Health Management and Hospital Administration, took active part in the meetings, discussions, workshops, etc. in various capacities in different organizations of which a few significant activities are listed below:

International • Acted as an External Examiner for PG Examination for MD Community Medicine and

Tropical Disease, Batch-2011 at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal on 27 and 28 July 2014.

National• As a member, attended the presentation on the concept plan of the School of Public Health (SPH) for preparation of

detailed designs/DPR for infrastructure of the proposed SPH at AIIMS, Raipur; held at the office of JS (PMSSY) in Nirman Bhawan on 2 July 2014.

• Acted as the Resource Person in the Workshop on Medical Writing and Ethics and took session on Making it to Publication– Choosing the Right Journal, organised by the Institute for Health and Family Welfare, Kolkata on 7 July 2014.

• On the occasion of World Population Day, organised by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, in collaboration with Jansankhya Sthirta Kosh (JSK); attended the workshop on Involving Adolescent and Youth for Population Stabilization at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 11 July 2014.

• Attended the discussion on Mobile Academy, Kilkari and Mobile Kunji to develop a data centre in NIHFW in the Union Health and Family Welfare Secretary’s office, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi on 16 July 2014.

• Delivered a lecture on Equipment Planning, Procurement, Audit, Maintenance, Repairs, Disposal, Break-even Analysis for the Contact Programme of PGDHHM at Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cant on 23 July 2014.

• Took a session on Sexual Offences at Workplace at International Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR), New Delhi on 8 August 2014.

• Attended the National Dissemination Meeting on Igniting Change for Women, Children and Families in India: Programme Learning from USAID’s Flagship Maternal and Child Health Integrated Programme (MCHIP) and chaired the session on Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery Cadre in India at The Lalit Hotel, Delhi on 13 August 2014.

• As a Member, attended the Interview Panel for the selection of Advisor, Public Health Planning (PHP) in the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC) on 21 August 2014.

• Attended the Dissemination Workshop on Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) Assessment in Odisha on 22 August 2014.

• Attended a Workshop on SNOMED CT– Introduction and Implementation, organised by FICCI-Delhi in collaboration with C-DAC, Pune and Union MoHFW; at FICCI, New Delhi on 26 August 2014.

• Visited Imphal, Manipur for supervisory and monitoring visit for Malaria Household Survey during 28-30 August 2014.• Addressed the inaugural session of the SHARE-FICCI Project- Partnership beyond Borders: India and Africa- Private Sector

Engagement; at the Imperial Hotel, New Delhi on 3 September 2014. • Acted as an examiner for Practical and Viva-Voce Examination of PGDPHM 2013-2014 Batch of IIPH Bhubaneswar, Odisha

on 8 and 9 September 2014.• Attended the second meeting as a Member of the Working Group for Essential Medicines to All Indians on Supply Chain

Management at the Board Room of the Union Health and Family Welfare Minister’s Office, MoHFW, New Delhi on 12 and 25 September 2014.

• Attended the Consultation on Policy and Practice: Informing the “How” of Universal Health Assurance for India; at India Habitat Centre on 16 September 2014.

• Acted as a resource person for the Regional Workshop on Mother and Child Tracking System, in Kolkata on 18 and 19 September 2014.

• Chaired the session on Mainstreaming at Planning and Policy Level in the 2nd International Conference on Occupational and Environmental Health; at NDMC, New Delhi on 26 September 2014.

• Attended the Sensitization Meeting on Implementation of Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex-Selection) Act-1994 in New Delhi District by the District Magistrate/District Appropriate Authority, New Delhi under PC & PNDT Act at NIHFW on 29 September 2014.

Faculty and Staff Activities• Prof. N. K. Sethi, HOD, Department of Planning and Evaluation, participated in the consultation on Universal Health Coverage for India, organised by the Public Health Foundation of India at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 16 September 2014. He acted as the facilitator in the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) country network tele-conference organised by the SUN Movement Secretariat, Geneva on 3 September 2014.• Prof. V.K Tiwari and Mr. Sherin Raj T.P. attended the one-day workshop on Adolescents and Youth: New Evidence on their

Situation and Needs, organised by the Population Council at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 26 August 2014.

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National Health Mission/RCH-II

As the nodal Institute for training under NHM/RCH–II, NIHFW has been coordinating and monitoring all the training activities of NHM with support from 22 Collaborating Training Institutions (CTIs) across the country. During the quarter, the RCH unit reviewed the training component of the draft/revised PIPs of the States/UTs for 2014-15 which have been submitted to MoHFW. The Nodal Officer, Assistant Nodal Officer and consultants from RCH Unit attended the National Programme Coordination Committee (NPCC) meetings held at the MoHFW for finalizing the approval of budgets for the year 2014-15 for the States/UTs PIPs. RCH Consultants also undertook field monitoring visits to 26 districts in 8 states/UTs for Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF). IDCF was a special activity to control childhood diarrhoeal deaths in the States/UTs of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya.

Concerning the implementation of Training Management Information System (TMIS) software, one consultant visited Madhya Pradesh to provide training to the district level nodal staff who will manage the TMIS at the district level. A coordination meeting was held at NIHFW to discuss the issues pertaining to training activities of NIHFW and CTIs with the Director (Training), DC (Training), Sr. Consultant (Training) of MoHFW and other concerned officials looking after RCH trainings (NIHFW) on 4 August 2014.

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Improving Healthy Behaviors Program (IHBP)

Under the National Health Mission (NHM), a training course on Social and Behaviour Change Communication for Delhi State IEC officials was organiged byDepartment of Communication during 14-18 July 2014 in collaboration with IHBP. 19 IEC officials and Public Health Nurses (PHN) dealing with the IEC activities in the state attended the training. Inaugurating the course, Prof. Jayanta K. Das, Director, NIHFW, hailed the partnership with IHBP and stated that we need to develop communication materials relevant to the culture of the targeted communities. Emphasizing the need for such courses, Mrs. Tara Sharma, Chief of Party, IHBP; briefed about FHI360 and IHBP. A training course for the IEC officials of Himachal Pradesh was also held during 1-5 September 2014 in which 27 candidates attended the course. A national level training course on SBCC for State IEC officers was also held at NIHFW during 21-25 July 2014 in collaboration with IHBP and the Central TB Division. 22 state IEC officers dealing with Tuberculosis (TB) in the states attended the training.

A view of the group discussion among the participants of a training course on SBCC

Participants during the Workshop to Review and Finalize the NCERT Books’

Contents of Health Education Materials for Classes III to X.

Participant clarifying queries from the resource person in the Training Course

for Cold-Chain Technicians.

View of the Training Course Concerning Rashtriya Kishore Suraksha Karyakram.

Prof. Jayanta K. Das, Prof. N. K. Ganguly and Prof. L. M. Nath (from R to L) interacting with other experts at a meeting of the National Health Portal

Some Glimpses of Training Coursesof the Institute

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Training Courses

Sl. No.

Dates Title of the Course Name of Coordinator/s

No. of Participants

1. 1 July – 6 Sept. 2014

19th Professional Development Course in Management, Public Health and Health Sector Reforms for District Medical Officers

Dr. T.G. ShrivastavDr. Nanthini SubbiahDr. Pushpanjali Swain

19

2. 7 – 25 July 2014 90th Training Course on Hospital Administration for Senior Hospital Administrators

Prof. A.K. Sood 11

3. 8 – 10 July, 2014 Facilitator Training on Effective Cold Chain Vaccine Management Course (ECCVMC)

Dr. Sanjay GuptaDr. Vijay Kumar

4. 14 – 18 July 2014 Training Course on Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) for Delhi State IEC Officials under NHM

Prof. Neera Dhar Dr. Ankur Yadav

19

5. 14 – 19 July 2014 Training for Cold-Chain Technicians for Repair and Maintenance of Non-CFC ILR/DF

Prof. M. Bhattacharya 18

6. 21 – 25 July 2014 Training Course on Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) for the Central Tuberculosis Division and State TB Officers under NHM

Prof. Neera Dhar 22

7. 21 - 26 July 2014 Training for Cold-Chain Technicians for Repair and Maintenance of Non-CFC ILR/DF

Prof. M. Bhattacharya 22

8. 4 - 8 August 2014 Training Course on Enhancement of Training Skills (Micro Teaching and Training Aids) for Faculty Members of Training Institutions and Health Professionals

Prof. Neera Dhar 13

9. 19 - 22 August 2014

Training of Medical Officers and ANMs for Scale-up of RKSK in India

Dr. Poonam Khattar 29

10. 1 – 5 Sept.2014 Training Course on Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) for Himachal Pradesh State IEC Officials under NHM

Prof. Neera DharDr. Ankur Yadav

27

11. 1 – 6 Sept. 2014 Training Course on Management for Senior Nursing Administrators

Dr. Nanthini Subbiah 28

12. 15 – 19 Sept. 2014

Training of Medical Officers and ANMs for Scale-up of RKSK in India

Dr. Poonam Khattar 32

13. 22 – 26 Sept. 2014

Training Course on Data Analysis Using SPSS for Health and Demographic Research

Dr. Pushpanjali Swain 21

Workshops/Meetings

14. 1- 2 July 2014 Workshop to Review and Finalize the Contents of Health Education Material for Classes III to X

Dr. Poonam Kahattar 25

15. 28-31 July 2014 Training on Rapid Reponse Teams on Public Health Preparedness and Response to MERS-CoV Disease

Dr. Ravinderan, DGHSDr. Ramesh Chand

35

16. 12 August 2014 9th Meeting of Steering Committee of National Health Portal (SCNHP)

Prof. S. N. Sarbadhikari

17. 26 August 2014 2nd Inter-Institutional Meeting of Policy Unit Dr. N. K. Sethi

Papers Published• Ghan Shyam Karol & B. K. Pattanaik (July, 2014). Community health workers and reproductive and child healtcare: An evaluative study on knowledge and motivation of ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) workers in Rajasthan, India. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 4, No. 9.

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Jayanta K. DasEditor: Prof. Neera DharMembers: Prof. N.K. Sethi Prof. K. Kalaivani Prof. M. Bhattacharya Prof. A.K. SoodAsstt.-Editor: (E) Dr. Bishnu Charan PatroSub-Editor: (H) Dr. Ganesh Shankar Shrivastava

Technical Support: Mr. Dinesh Meena Mr. Surender Chaturvedi

Photography: Mr. A.A.A. Khan

Layout and Design: Mrs. Shashi Dhiman Printed and Published on behalf of the Director at:National Institute of Health and Family Welfare(Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India)Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi-110067

Website: www.nihfw.orgE.mail: director@nihfw.orgJuly- September, 2014

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• 12 flrEcj 2014 d¨ laLFkku ds çs{kkx`g esa fgUnh fnol ds volj ij ÒO; lekj¨g vk;¨ftr fd;k x;kA bl volj ij] çfl) Çgnh ysf[kdk v©j leh{kd ç¨Qslj fueZyk tSu eq[; vfrfFk ds :i esa mifLFkr FkÈA mUg¨aus laLFkku esa dk;Zjr lnL;¨a d¨ ^oS”ohdj.k ds n©j esa Çgnh v©j lkoZtfud laxBu¨a esa mldk O;ogkj^ fo’k; ij oDrO; nsdj lac¨f/kr fd;kA lekj¨g dh vè;{krk laLFkku ds funs”kd ç¨Qslj t;ar nkl us dhA ç¨Qslj t;ar nkl us vius lac¨/ku esa jktÒk’kk fgUnh esa vf/kdkf/kd dk;Z djus dh vihy dhA mUg¨aus laLFkku d¨ feys ^bafnjk xka/kh jktÒk’kk iqjLdkj^ ds fy, lÒh d¨ c/kkà nhA laLFkku ds dk;Zokgd mi&funs”kd ç¨Qslj Vh- chj us laLFkku ds ç”kklfud dkedkt esa g¨ jgs Çgnh ds ç;¨x dh ljkguk dhA bl volj ij laLFkku esa fgUnh i[kokM+s ds n©jku vk;¨ftr çfr;¨fxrkv¨a ds fotsrkv¨a d¨ iqjLd`r fd;k x;kA lekj¨g dk lapkyu Mk-x.ks”k ”kadj ¼mi laiknd&Çgnh½ us fd;kA Jh vjfoUn dqekj ¼lgk;d funs”kd&jktÒk’kk½ us lÒh dk /kU;okn O;Dr fd;kA dk;ZØe esa ladk; lnL; v©j vU; LVkQ lnL; mifLFkr FksA

Çgnh i[kokM+s ds vUrZxr laLFkku ds funs”kd ç¨Qslj t;ar nkl v©j leh{kd ç¨Qslj fueZyk tSu o vk;ksftr fofÒUu

çfr;¨fxrkvksa ds fotsrkA

& ç;¨x”kkyk lgk;d& vk”kqfyfid &I& vk”kqfyfid &I & vk”kqfyfid &II & vk”kqfyfid &II & vk”kqfyfid &II