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Next Gen CRM

Dick WolfSeptember, 2012

Command Skills

Role Model Performance

Command Skills

Briefings

Outlines Plans & DifferencesAllocates Tasks

Seeks InputChecks Understanding

Teamwork

Balances Rank AuthorityFlexible & Shows Respect

Actively Monitors & SupportsThinks Independently

Communication

Shares Information & IdeasActively Listens

Assertive When RequiredAdmits Mistakes & Doubts

Workload

Recognizes a High WorkloadTakes or Makes Time

Deals With Overload & PrioritizesAvoids Distractions & Distracting

Decisions

Identifies Problems & IssuesInvolves Others If Needed

Evaluates the OutcomeUses Structure In New Situations

Professional Style

Relaxed and Professional ToneAspires to High PerformanceConscientious and Flexible

Self-Aware and Seeks Feedback

Aircraft Handling

Safe/Efficient/ComfortableAutomatic/Manual Flight

Non-Normals/EmergenciesThreat & Error Management

Applied Knowledge

Technical and OperationalUse of Checklists

SOP’s/PoliciesCommercial/Customer Awareness

Situational Awareness

Thorough Pre-Flight PreparationStays Ahead & Updates Plans

Makes Contingency PlansKeeps a Broad Perspective

Command Skills

Command Skills

Teaching Briefing Skills

to

Enhance Situational Awareness

Example FRA Brief

P1: I’m looking at Chart 13-1 Apr 07 VOR 07L date April 07. MSA is 4300’ – expecting radar from TAUNUS to pick up the inbound course 072 FFM. Descent begins at 15.5 DME – we have DME height checks down to minima of 830 + 50 and 1200m RVR required. Missed approach is climb straight ahead to 10 DME or 5000’ and left turn back to TAUNUS VOR. We know the runway is long, good lighting and we can take a high speed turn. For nav we’ll have the VOR and the NDBs. Any questions?

P2: No questions

Command Skills

Disturbing Facts

50% of accidents occur on Approach and Landing

75% of those are on NPA

Most occur on the centre-line

Most are following a 3 degree slope

Command Skills

Command Skills

Disturbing Facts

Disturbing Facts

Command Skills

Command Skills

Disturbing Facts

• 50% of accidents occur on Approach and Landing• 75% of those are on NPA• Most occur on the centre-line• Most are following a 3 degree slope• Most are un-briefed or briefed like an ILS!!

Command Skills

A Question

• What are the differences between an ILS and a NPA?– Different Modes– High workload– More risk– Maybe offset – Maybe off centerline when we break cloud – visual maneuver required– Pilot interprets tracking– Pilot interprets glidepath – more communication required between pilots– Significance of DME tuning / position– Minima different (significance of visibility)– Possibly non radar environment / less approach lighting– Different configurations– Increase likelihood of GA / Diversion– 500’ GPWS call gets in the way of minima calls - causing confusion– Navaid selection

Command Skills

Conclusions

When it comes to briefings in order to enhance the awareness of our situation:

• What can we consider as ‘Standard’?• What are the Differences?• What is the Plan?

Command Skills

Command Skills

Workload

Practical Pilot Skills

Command Skills

Arousal

Performance

Command Skills

Key Question for Pilots:

“What does overload look like?”

“Can it be measured?”

Command Skills

Recognizing Overload

“What should the checklist say?”

“Why haven’t we written one?”

PILOT WORKLOAD

Command Skills

Key Messages – Pilot Expressions

“Hang on a minute”

Command Skills

Situational Awareness

Command Skills

Previous CRM Training

Problem:• 80% of accidents involve a loss of SA

Solution?• “Make sure you don’t lose it!”• Definitions

– ‘The accurate perception of the factors and conditions that affect an aircraft and its flight’

– ‘Where we are in space and time and what is going on around us’

Command Skills

Observing SA Skills

• How to ascertain (and maintain) SA level

Command Skills

Research Findings…

What good pilots do:– Project ahead / Anticipate / Contingency plan– Routinely demonstrate self-checking– Briefings, Briefings, Briefing

Therefore, they . . . – Are aware of their workload– Know when workload is high– Know when SA is low

Command Skills

‘Situational Awareness, like money, is hard to get – but is easy to lose’

Command Skills

Briefings

Outlines Plans & DifferencesAllocates Tasks

Seeks InputChecks Understanding

Teamwork

Balances Rank AuthorityFlexible & Shows Respect

Actively Monitors & SupportsThinks Independently

Communication

Shares Information & IdeasActively Listens

Assertive When RequiredAdmits Mistakes & Doubts

Workload

Recognizes a High WorkloadTakes or Makes Time

Deals With Overload & PrioritizesAvoids Distractions & Distracting

Decisions

Identifies Problems & IssuesInvolves Others If Needed

Evaluates the OutcomeUses Structure In New Situations

Professional Style

Relaxed and Professional ToneAspires to High PerformanceConscientious and Flexible

Self-Aware and Seeks Feedback

Aircraft Handling

Safe/Efficient/ComfortableAutomatic/Manual Flight

Non-Normals/EmergenciesThreat & Error Management

Applied Knowledge

Technical and OperationalUse of Checklists

SOP’s/PoliciesCommercial/Customer Awareness

Situational Awareness

Thorough Pre-Flight PreparationStays Ahead & Updates Plans

Makes Contingency PlansKeeps a Broad Perspective