next generation mobile networks

7/27/2019 Next Generation Mobile Networks

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Next Generation Mobile Networks

(LTE and LTE Advanced)

Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Ss. Cyril and Methodius UniversityFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies

Skopje, Macedonia

Email: [email protected]


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Next Generation Mobile Networks , Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Telecommunications Revolutions

Considering the development of the telecommunications, one

may distinguish among following revolutions:

Introduction of the automatic telephone exchange (at the end of19th century)

Digitalization of telecommunication systems in the 1970s, 80sand 90s

Integration of circuit-switched connection-orientedtelecommunication and packet-based connectionless Internet, in

the 1990s and 2000s

All-IP based networks, including wired and wireless ones, in the2010s


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Mobile Networks Evolution J.M.C. Maxwell 1861 invention of the

electro-magnetic theory

G. Marconi 1895 start of the era ofwireless communications

NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), 1981 first widely deployed mobile system (firstgeneration, 1G)

1991 - starts GSM (Global System for

Mobile communications), starts thesecond generation (2G) mobile networks

2000 - starts 2G+

2002 - starts 3G

2003 integration of wireless LAN and

cellular mobile networks 2005 Mobile WiMAX standard

2008 LTE standard (Long TermEvolution)

2010/2011 IMT-Advanced, LTE-Advanced standard

Global ICT developments 2000-2010

(source: ITU)

GlobalICTdevelopments,20002010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Per100inhabitants

Mobile cellulartelephonesubscriptionsInternetusersFixedtelephone l in esActivemobile broadbandsubscriptionsFixed(wired)broadbandsubscriptions

Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICTIndicatorsdatabase


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The Wireless World

1G

WWAN

WMAN

WLAN

WPAN

10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

802.15.4

Zigbee802.15.1

Bluetooth

IEEE

802.15.3a UWB

WiMedia

IEEE 802.11b, a, g Wi-Fi

IEEE 802.16a

WiMAX (fixed),

802.16e (mobile)

2G 2.5G 3G 4G

IEEE802.11n

802.20

Mobile-Fi

Wireless

Wide-Area

Networks

Wireless

Metropolitan-

Area

Networks

Wireless

Local-Area

Networks

Wireless

Personal-Area

Networks

Legacy Current Emerging Future

802.2

1Inter-N

etworkHan

doffs

NFC


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UMTS architecture

PSTN,PLMN, ISDN

etc.

HLR

MSC/VLR

GMSC

SGSN

GGSN

GGSNOther data

network

Internet

Core Network

PS domain

CS domain

External networks

RNC

RNC

Node B

Node B

Node B

Node B

UTRAN

Source of the Figure: Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP

Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.


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Wireless IP for CDMA2000

HLR

Home Access

Provider

Network

RADIUS

HomeIP Network

RADIUS

BrokerNetwork

HA

Mobi le IPnetwork

Simp le IP network

Internet

VLR PDSN RADIUS

Radio Network

Signaling network

Visited Access

Provider Network

PDSN - Packet Data Serving NodeRADIUS - Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

HA - Home Agent




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Wireless Broadband Positioning

z Broadband Wireless

(metro coverage)

z All-IP

z Higher CPE costz Higher security

z QoS support

z Powerful power

control

z Nomadic mobility

z Voice, data &

multimedia on the

full move

z Nationwide

coverage

z Evolution from

GSM/GPRS

z High security

z Full mobility

z Hotspot coverage

(local network)

z All-IP network

z Low CPE cost

z Lower security

z No mobility support

z No explicit QoS

support

z No guaranteed bitrate (shared pipe)


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3GPP releases timeline

201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

R99 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

High

Speed

Accesses

IP Core

NetworkServices

UMTS

HSPA

DL

HSPA

UL

LTE

LTE

Adv

HSPA

+

EPC

Comm

IMS

IMS

MMTel


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HSPA throughput evolution

Depending on the features implemented, HSPA+ can exceed thecapabilities of IEEE 802.16e-2005 (mobile WiMAX) in the sameamount of spectrum


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One-Tunnel Architecture In Release 7, there is the option of a one-tunnel architecture by which

the network establishes a direct transfer path for user data between

RNC and GGSN, while the SGSN still performs all control functions There is also an integrated RNC/NodeB option, particularly beneficial

in femtocell deployments

HSPA One-Tunnel Architecture


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Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth.

Uplink peak data rates up to 87.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth. Operation in both TDD and FDD modes.

Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz).

Increased spectral efficiency over R6 HSPA by a factor of two to four.

Reduced latency, to 10 msec round-trip times between user equipmentand the base station, and to less than 100 msec transition times frominactive to active.

LTE Peak Throughput Rates

Now something about LTE


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LTE/SAE Technology Life CycleLTE (Long Term Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for radio

access technology.

SAE (System Architecture Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for

core network;

LTE and SAE have been approached independently, but they are no more separable today.

2006 2007 2009 2010 20152008

Initial studycompleted

Standardfinalized

Trial start

Commercialdeployment start

Year

Mass deployment

Standarddeveloping

Source: 3GPP &UMTS-Forum


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LTE Network Architecture

Source:Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Hyung G. Myung

http://hgmyung.googlepages.com/3gppLTE.pdf


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System Architecture Evolution

Gb Iu

GERAN UTRAN

3G2G

LTE RAN

LTE

Non-3GPP

MME/

UPE

SGi

IP networks

S3

S4

S5a

S6 S7

S1

S2

EVOLVED PACKET CORE

MME = Mobility Management Entity

UPE = User Plane Entity

IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor

PCRFHSS

SGSN

3GPP

Anchor

SAE

Anchor

S5b

IASA


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IMS / Common IMS

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

UMTS (3G) HSPA DL HSPA UL LTE

IMS is IP Multimedia Subsystem

IMS developed as part of 3GPP Rel. 5 as an application development

environment IMS retargeted in Rel. 7 for telephony replacement

Common IMS specified in Rel. 8

Integration of IMS variants and requirements from 3GPP2, TISPAN, and

Cablelabs

IMS MMTel Common IMS


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ITU requirements for 4G Based on an all-IP packet switched network.

Peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such asmobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility.

Dynamically share and use the network resources to support more

simultaneous users per cell.

Scalable channel bandwidth 520 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz.

Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in

the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less

than 67 MHz bandwidth).

System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25

bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage. Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks.

Ability to offer high quality of service fornext generation multimedia support.


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IMT-Advanced: umbrella for 4Gstandards

In September 2009, the

technology proposals were

submitted to the International

Telecommunication Union

(ITU) as 4G candidates. Basically all proposals are

based on two technologies:

LTE-Advanced standardized

by the 3GPP WiMAX 802.16m

standardized by the IEEE


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LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation

Release 10 LTE-Advanced Carrier

Aggregation Carrier Aggregation at Different

Protocol Layers


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Mobile Broadband Technologies:the Common Things


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Mobile Broadband Evolution:Bandwidth and Latency

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later

LTE

DL: ~384Kbps

UL: ~384Kbps

DL: ~14.4MbpsUL: ~5.76Mbps

DL: ~42Mbps

UL: ~11Mbps

DL: ~141Mbps

UL: ~50Mbps

HSPA+~100 ms~100 ms

~70 ms~70 ms

~45 ms~45 ms

~15ms~15ms

3G-WCDMA

HSPA

Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency


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LTE vs. the others

1800 TB500 TB230TB

(5MHz)

Monthly downlink traffic

EUR 0.01EUR 0.03EUR 0.06Typical cost per Megabyte at max.

use of the network (Downlink)

LTE

(2x5MHz)

HSPA

(2x5MHz)

Basic

W-CDMA

Technology

Modeled for a 10 000 base-station network deployment

[Source: Analysys Research - Global Mobile Broadband: Market potential for 3G LTE , Jan.2008]


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Main Competition:

LTE & WiMAX ?

Main Competition:

LTE & WiMAX ?

RNC RNC

CN

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB

aGW

eNodeBeNodeB

Its an evolution &revolution from HSPA to LTE

LTEWiMAX

Competition

LTE is ~ 2 years later thanMobile WiMAX 1.0

(performance comparable to

HSPA), furious competition

IP transmission

network

SAE

GW

Large amount of IPtransmission resource

is necessary for LTE as

well as WiMAX


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3GPP & Mobile WiMAX Trends

Mobile WiMAX

time to market

advantage

IMT-

Advanced

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

CDMA-Based OFDMA-Based

Mobile WiMAX

Rel 1.0

802.16e-2005

Rel 1.5

802.16e Rev 2

Rel 2.0

802.16m

IP e2e Network

LTE & LTE Advanced

IP e2e Network

3GPP

HSPA+Rel-7 & Rel-8

Ckt Switched Network

HSPARel-6


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LTE Business Forecasts

Subscribers

(Million)

Services

contribution to

Revenue

Revenues

(EUR Bil lion)

[Source: Analysys Research - Global Mobile Broadband: Market potential for 3G LTE , Jan.2008]


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LTE Deployment Scenarios

For such operators

who prefer LTE to

UMTS

R99+HSPA R99+HSPA

LTE

LTE

UMTS

Hot spot /Dense Urban Urban /Sub UrbanRural

For such operators

with heavy UMTS

investment

LTELTE LTE

For those operators with heavy UMTS investment, LTE can be deployed as a complement

at hot spots for higher capacity and better user experience.

For those operators with less or no UMTS investment; who prefer LTE, LTE can be

deployed at wide area together with UMTS network.

R99+HSPA R99+HSPA

HSPA

LTE LTE

HSPA HSPA HSPA


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Upgrade for Existing Operators

26

Radio Access NetworkCore Network

2G, 3G, HSPA

Backhaul

Network

2G, 3G, Core

Network

All-IP Core

Network

Next Generation

Access Network

Data Overlay or ReplacementLTE or WiMAX

Comparable CAPEX for WiMAXtoday or LTE.

Both require new spectrum

Conversion to all-IP core & increased

backhaul capacity required in either case

Increased

BH Capacity

T1,E1s

SupportforLegacyRAN


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The Evolution of Mobile MultimediaNon-Interactive Multimedia

Image

SMS

MMS

Presence

Active

phonebook

Push-To-Talk

Text

Voice

Voice

Sharing

Video

Person-to-Persondominates traffic growth

Movies

Photos

Internet

Text/Pictures

SMS/MMS

HTTP

Streaming

Download

Video

MusicRing tonePerson-to-Content

known usability patterns

Interactive Multimedia


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Services: current vs. LTE

Source: Analysis Research/UMTS Forum 2007


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Consumer Trends Worldwide:

Voice has competition or not?

4billion

You Tube

10billion

Apple iTunes

30

billion

Google Search

daily

videos viewed per daysongs downloaded

800

million

Facebook

users

Media Downloads

Video Streaming

Online Gaming

Social Network ing

VoIP

Instant Messenger

Email

Search

Service philosophy: anytime, anywhere and on any device


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Voice over IP over Mobile In mobile networks (WCDMA/HSPA) we differentiate:

Consumer-rich calls

Corporate rich-calls

Plain vanilla voice

VoIP rich call VoIP header compression


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LTE delay budget for VoIP Uplink and downlink transmissions have highest

influence on the VoIP over LTE delay budget


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Voice spectral efficiency LTE uses as default dynamic scheduling for VoIP


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However, we are going towards the NextGeneration Networks in general, so


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QoS-enabled mobile VoIP in NGN


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VoIP establishment in NGN


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VoIP data transfer in NGN


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Mobile IPTV architecture

The multicast broadcast

transmission is performedthrough the MBMS of LTE byadding only 1 additionalfunctional entity: MBMScontroller

Multicast is a bandwidthconserving technology thatallows an E-UTRAN to sendpackets (video segments in this

case) to a subset of all mobilestations as a grouptransmission


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Towards an All-IP Mobile Network

Evolution towards an all-IP mobile network

BSC

Internet

BTS

BTS

GSM/GPRS

core network

3G core

networkRNC

Node B

Node B

2G(+)

3G

FutureG

Al l-IP core

network

RAN

RAN

IP connectivity

BSS

Source:

Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.


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All-IP Wireless Network Concept

All-IP mobile network concept

All-IP

core

network

Service

creation

Content

servers

Application

servers

Userterminals

All-IP

RAN

2G / 2G+

3G

Wireless

LAN

BroadbandRAN

Network

operator

Telephony

operator

Applicationprovider

Content

provider

Portal

Trustedprovider

Scenario for operators in wireless

and mobile networks beyond 3G

Source:

Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.


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Need for Speed

bps

2.5G

3G

LTE

2G

3.5G

100

1.000

10.000

100.000

1.000.000

10.000.000

100.000.000

1.000.000.000

10.000.000.000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

More bits/sec per Hertz

are required because

spectrum is scarce

2015

4G


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Conclusion

Emerging mobile and wireless networks will provide adaptive personalcommunication with high data rates in all-IP environment, allowing

migration of users, devices and services between heterogeneouswireless networks ranging from GSM to wireless LAN and broadbandmobile networks such as 3G-HSPA, LTE/LTE-A and Mobile WiMAX, aswell as their future advanced versions, supporting different applicationsand using multimode mobile terminals to exploit different spectrums fordifferent underlying wireless access technologies.

Personalwireless

networks

Wireless LocalArea Networks

Cellular mobilenetworks

High-speed

wirelessnetworks

Unified w ireless IP network




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But, there are also more concepts


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Open Wireless Architecture

Source of the Figure: Willie W. Lu, An Open Baseband Processing Architecture for

Future Mobile Terminal Design, IEEE Wireless Communications, April 2008.


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The 5G Mobile Networks

- User-centric Approach

Source of the Figures:A.A. TudzarovTudzarov, T. Janevski,, T. Janevski, Protocols and Algorithms for the NextProtocols and Algorithms for the Next

Generation 5G Mobile SystemsGeneration 5G Mobile Systems, Network Protocols and Algorithms, 2011.

Ethernet

Policy RouterTerminal

Application

Virtual network layer

IP network layer

GSM/GPRS

Non Access

Stratum

UMTS

Non Access

Stratum

LTE

Non Access

Stratum

.

WLAN

U-plane

Interface

GSM/GPRS

Access

Stratum

UMTS

Access

Stratum

LTE

Access

Stratum

. WLAN

GSM/GPRSPHY

Channel

UMTSPHY

Channel

LTEPHY

Channel

.WLANPHY

Channel

Virtual

network layer

IP network

layer

PHY

Network

layer

Transport, Session and Application

Ethernet

Application

IP network

layer

PHY

Server

Ethernet

IP layer

PHY

Network

layer


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Questions & Answers


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Thank you !

next generation mobile networks

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