next generation networks with multiple access...
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NextNext generation generation networksnetworks with with multiple access multiple access technologiestechnologies
Christer Christer ÅÅhlundhlund
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LuleLuleåå University of TechnologyUniversity of Technology
Northern Sweden
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SettingSetting the the scenescene
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Heterogeneous access devicesHeterogeneous access devicesNew devises are equipped with wireless technologies.Many have more than one interface.
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Heterogeneous access networksHeterogeneous access networks
Future access networks will be a combination of network technologies.
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The The HybriNetHybriNet projectprojectToday
Fiber to homesHotspots in selected areasServices like VoIP, TV
Project goalsCombination of technologiesMobility supportServices in both fiber and wireless access networksPosition WiMax
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The The choicechoice of technology of technology
Mobile IP (MIP)Network layer mobilityTransparent for upper layers
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Router solicitation
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Router solicitation
Router advertisement
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Binding update
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Binding update
Binding acknowledgement
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Packets from CN to MN
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Packets from CN to MN
Packets from MN to CN
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IntroductionIntroduction to MIP (to MIP (whenwhen route route optimizationoptimization is used)is used)
Home Network
Home agent
Correspondent node
Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent
Foreign Net works
Internet Router
Base stations
Mobile device
Binding update
Packets from CN to MN
Packets from MN to CN
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FlawFlaw in MIP in MIP targetingtargeting wireless access wireless access networksnetworks
Home agent
AB
12
3
45
67
8
One binding for each MN in the HA
Problems may occur in position B
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MultihomedMultihomed MIP (MMIP (M--MIP)MIP)
MultihomedMultiple CoA bound to a home addressTransparent for upper layersDynamic evaluation of AP/BSDifferent CoAs can be used for different CHsLow handover delaysThe mobile device is in control….
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MM--MIPMIPHome agent
AB
12
3
45
67
8
Keep multiple bindings, use the onewith best performance
Two bindings registered in position B
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MM--MIPMIP
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MM--MIPMIP
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MM--MIPMIP
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Handover decisionsHandover decisions
Problems in current handover decision parameters:Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) could show good radio connection although there are many hosts attached to the same access point (AP selection). Also the SNR of different technologies cannot be compared.
Bit error rate (BER) do not tell about the remaining capacity.
Dynamic network layer metrics enables a better overview and the selection of a less utilized gateway or a path with higher throughput.
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Parameters used for handover decisionParameters used for handover decision
Network layer metric based on MIP messages
(1)
(2)
(3)
Relative Network-layer Load (RNL)
(4)
111
−−
+= nnn zh
hrtth
z
111
−−
+= nnn xh
hh
x δ
12 1)(1
−∗−
+−= nnnn Vh
hxh
V δ
nnn VzRNL +=
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MM--MIP and MIP and heterogeneousheterogeneous access access networksnetworks usingusing RNL for RNL for handoverhandover decisiondecision
0
5
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35
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1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88
Time (s)
Handov er t o
UM T S
Handover t o
802.11b
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 5 9 13 17 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 3 3 7 4 1 4 5 4 9 5 3 5 7 6 1 6 5 6 9 7 3 7 7 8 1 8 5 8 9
T ime ( s )
UM TS
8 0 2 . 11b
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To To enableenable mobility of mobility of singlesingle flowsflows: : PortPort--basedbased MM--MIPMIP
Different flows via different technologiesExtensions needed to MIPv6 messages
Two new flags in the binding update headerA new option header to attach a port number
The HA can direct different flows to the same HoA using different CoAA CH can use multiple addressessimultaneously. Flow mobility between devices
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Port-based M-MIP
Multihomed extension to MIP
2 flags added to the binding update message
M-flag indicates multihomed bindingsS-flag informs the HA which binding to use as default selection
SKH LifetimeReservedMLA
Sequence numberChecksum
ReservedMH TypeHeader lenPayload proto
SKH LifetimeReservedMLA
Sequence numberChecksum
ReservedMH TypeHeader lenPayload proto
8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bits
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Port-based M-MIP
Flow-mobility extension to M-MIP
Flow mobility option header to be added to a BU
One or more option headers added to one BU
Port
Option lengthOption type
8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bits
Protocol Not used
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Port-based M-MIP
M-MIP extended binding cache/ binding table
The MH insert a binding in the local binding table for outgoing traffic
The HA insert a binding in the binding cache for incoming traffic
HoA CoA Protocol Port Lifetime Flags
3ffe::a:b:c:d 3ffc::1:5:a:b:c:d -1 -1 150 A/H/L/K/M/S
3ffe::a:b:c:d 3ffc::1:6:a:b:c:a 6 6935 200 A/H/L/K/M
3ffe::a:b:c:d 3ffc::1:a:a:b:c:d 17 7830 150 A/H/L/K/M
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Evaluation of Port-based M-MIP
Evaluation topologyA roaming MN sends a simulated Skype video call to the CN.MN handovers: WLAN → WiMAX → WLAN → UMTS → WLAN
Correspondent Node
Home AgentWiMAX 802.16
WLAN 802.11
UMTS/GPRS
The Internet
Mobile NodeWLAN 802.11
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Throughput (downlink)
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Jitter (downlink)
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Policies added for handover decission
Cost function:Evaluates available networksSi = wc * ln C + wp * ln P + wb * ln B
Parameters:Power consumption (P)Performance (RNL)Cost (C)
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Evaluation of Port-based M-MIP
Policy value/Bandwith/Jitter
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Time (s)
Polic
y va
lue
units
/kbp
s/m
sec
Bandwidth (kbps)WLANUMTSWiMAXJitter (msec)
Evaluation results
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Prototype evaluation
Bandwidth (20kbps)
Jitter
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Conclusions, PortConclusions, Port--based MIPbased MIP
-- MultihomedMultihomed extensions to Mobile IPextensions to Mobile IP
-- Relative NetworkRelative Network--layer Loadlayer Load
-- Flow mobility extensionsFlow mobility extensions
-- Basic policiesBasic policies
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Future workFuture work
-- Application control of flow mobility Application control of flow mobility
-- Extended policies to enhance handoverExtended policies to enhance handover
-- CrossCross--layer context exchangelayer context exchange
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QuestionsQuestions??