Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy

Translate Nutrition Science into Food IntakeCorresponds with LEARNING PLAN 1Copyright 2016 Association of Nutrition and Foodservice Professionals

1

Objectives

Discuss the importance of good nutrition

Discuss dietary recommendations for carbohydrates and fats

Explore health effects of protein

Distinguish between vitamins and minerals

Identify the role of water as a nutrient

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Objectives

Define phytochemicals and functional foods

Select the best food sources of specific vitamins & minerals

Identify daily water recommendations

Differentiate between different food guides

Analyze dietary intake compared to MyPlate

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Food Preferences and Customs • Learning Plan 1

Nutrition as a Science

Science of Nutrition includes» Biology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology

Early 20th century focused on identifying essential nutrients and correcting deficiencies

Today, obesity is the leading health concern» Overconsumption of calories especially fats/carbohydrates

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

What is Obesity?

Defined as having a BMI of >30

Influenced by several factors» The food environment» Amount of physical activity

- Regular daily exercise helps: Balance energy intake Strengthen the heart and cardiovascular system Achieve a healthy weight and decrease some cancer risks

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Goals for Physical Activity

Adults»30 minutes most days of the week

Children»60 minutes most days of the week

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Brain Break

Several leading causes of death can be attributed to diseases related to what medical condition.

» Obesity

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Health People Health Objectives

Healthy People 2020

National objectives for promoting health and preventing disease

39 categories of objectives

www.healthypeople.gov

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Dietary Reference Intakes

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)» Used to assess the diets of groups of people rather than

individuals- Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)- Adequate Intake (AI)- Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Dietary Guidelines for Americans» Government mandate to update every

five years» 4 general topics» 29 key recommendations

Addresses a non-food but essential factor - activity

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Major Goals of Dietary Guidelines

Key Recommendations of Dietary Guidelines 2010» Balance Calories

- Enjoy your food but eat less; avoid oversized portions

» Foods to Increase- nutrient-dense foods

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Major Goals of the Dietary Guidelines (cont.)

» Foods to Reduce-High sodium, fat (saturated/trans), added sugars and refined carbohydrates

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Food Preferences and Customs • Learning Plan 1

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans» Provide authoritative advice for people 2 years and older

about how proper dietary habits can promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases- http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines.htm

» Review Executive Summary of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for detailed information

» Executive Summary of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

MyPlate

MyPlate» http://www.choosemyplate.gov

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

MyPlate

MyPlate» Introduced along with updating of USDA food patterns

supporting the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans » Different shape to help grab consumers’ attention with a new

visual cue » Icon that serves as a reminder for healthy eating, not

intended to provide specific messages » Visual is linked to food and is a familiar mealtime symbol in

consumers’ minds, as identified through testing

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Ten Tips from MyPlate

Balance calories

Enjoy your food, but eat less

Avoid oversized meals

Foods to eat more often (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products)

Make half your plate fruits and vegetables

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Switch to fat-free or low-fat

Make half your grains whole grains

Foods to eat less often (foods high in solid fats, added sugars, and salt)

Compare sodium in foods

Drink water instead of sugary drinks

Tips:

USDA Food Patterns

USDA Food Patterns» Used to plan menus for school foodservice, correctional

facilities and healthcare facilities- http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/sites/default/files/usda_food_patterns/S

ampleMealPatterns.pdf

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Brain Break

What food and nutrition guide should be recommended to a young family to help them balance their food intake?

» MyPlate – because it is geared toward individuals of various age groups and various activities

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Other Significant Dietary Recommendations-Macronutrients Carbohydrates

» 60% of daily calories- 50% coming from complex carbohydrates: starch and fiber- Fiber guideline is 20–35 grams daily- Use sugars only in moderation

» Be prepared to help clients choose carbohydrates wisely

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Other Significant Dietary Recommendations-Macronutrients Fats

» No more than 30% of daily calories» < 10% of total calories as saturated fats» Avoid trans-fats» Cholesterol intake is < 300 mg. daily» Increase omega-3 fatty acids» Select lean cuts of meat» Prepare meats other than by frying

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Other Significant Dietary Recommendations-Macronutrients Protein

» Provides energy and essential amino acids» 0.8 g. of protein/kg. of body weight» High-quality proteins come from animal sources» Can add excessive fat and calories» Vegetarians should consume complementary protein sources

to ensure intake of essential amino acids

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Other Significant Dietary Recommendations Fluids

» Water is an essential nutrient» Lose approximately 10 cups per day» 8-10 8 oz. glasses of water per day often recommended» Approximately 20% of our water intake comes from fluids in

our foods

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Brain Break

What could be substituted for vegetable oil in a recipe for muffins to help decrease the fat intake?

» Low-fat Greek yogurt or plain yogurt

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1

Food or Supplements

Real food is always preferred

Room for utilizing supplements when warranted

Supplementation of certain nutrients is common» Iron» Calcium» Vitamin D

Supplements are not ‘replacements’ for real foods

Be certain the guidance you use is based on science and research *evidence – not popular media

Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy • Translating Nutrition Science into Food Intake• Learning Plan 1