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forj.k vkSj foKkiu ds fy;s laidZ djsa&vt; dM+kdksVh (fc”kusl gsM) (8130392355)

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if=kdk ds lClfØI'ku ds fy;s laidZ djsa&ujsUnz izrki (osc izeq[k)(8130392351)

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http://www.drishtiias.com/images/Magazine_cover/corrigendum-for-january-2017-issue.

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iz'u eap esa vius iz'u Hkstus ds fy;s laidZ (Whatsapp) djsa&

jkts'k >k (dk;Zdkjh laiknd)(8130392357)

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Vhe n`f"VekpZ 2017 ekfld o"kZ&2 vad&10 dqy vad&22

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vè;;u lkexzh

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2 ctV2017&18 52

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5 Hkkjr&fo'olacaèk 84

6 oSf'od?kVukØe 92

7 vkfFkZd?kVukØe 99

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10 vU;jk"Vªh;?kVukØe 112

11 jkT;?kVukØe 117

12 dyklaLÑfr 118

13 [ksy?kVukØe 121

14 ppkZesa 123

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vkfFkZd leh{kk 2016&2017

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�thMhih vuqikr (orZeku ewY;ksa ij) esa LFkk;h fuos'k (ldy fu;r iwath fuekZ.k)

vk£Fkd leh{kk 2016&17

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�leh{kk esa ljdkj ds ftu ik¡p egÙoiw.kZ lqèkkjksa dk ftØ fd;k x;k gS] muesa th,lVh] fnokfy;k dkuwu] ekSfnzd uhfr lfefr] vkèkkj fcy] ,iQMhvkbZ mnkjhdj.k vkSj ;wihvkbZ Ldhe 'kkfey gSaA

jktdks"kh;

�vçSy&uoEcj 2016 ds nkSjku vçR;{k djksa esa 26.9 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZA

1


vkfFkZd leh{kk 2016&2017

�vçSy&uoEcj 2016 ds nkSjku jktLo O;; esa e”kcwr o`f¼ dks eq[; :i ls lkrosa osru vk;ksx ds dk;kZUo;u rFkk iwath ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s vuqnkuksa esa 39-5 çfr'kr o`f¼ ds dkj.k c<+kok feykA

ewY;lwpdkad

�miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad (Consumer Price Index–CPI) }kjk ekih xbZ eqækLiQhfr yxkrkj rhljs foÙk o"kZ ds nkSjku fu;a=k.k esa cuh jghA vkSlr lhihvkbZ eqækLiQhfr nj 2014–15 ds 5.9 çfr'kr ls ?kVdj 2015–16 ds nkSjku 4.9 çfr'kr ij vk xbZ rFkk vçSy&fnlEcj 2015 ds nkSjku ;g 4.8 çfr'kr ij cuh jghA

�Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (Wholesale Price Index) ij vkèkkfjr eqækLiQhfr nj 2014–15 ds 2.0 çfr'kr ls fxjdj 2015–16 esa –2.5 çfr'kr ij vk xbZ vkSj vçSy&fnlEcj 2016 ds nkSjku bldk vkSlr 2.9 çfr'kr jgkA

�lhihvkbZ vkèkkfjr eqækLiQhfr nj pkyw foÙk o"kZ ds nkSjku fLFkj cuh jgh gS vkSj bldk vkSlr yxHkx 5 çfr'kr jgk gSA

O;kikj

�fu;kZr esa n”kZ dh tk jgh ½.kkRed o`f¼ dk #• dqN gn rd o"kZ 2016&17 (vçSy&fnlacj) esa lqèkkj ds y{k.k n'kkZus yxk] D;ksafd fu;kZr 0.7 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ds lkFk 198.8 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj ds Lrj rd igq¡p x;kA ogha] o"kZ 2016&17 (vçSy&fnlacj) ds nkSjku vk;kr 7.4 çfr'kr ?kVdj 275.4 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj ds Lrj ij vk x;kA

�o"kZ 2016&17 (vçSy&fnlacj) ds nkSjku O;kikj ?kkVk de gksdj 76.5 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj jg x;k] tcfd blls fiNys foÙk o"kZ dh leku vofèk esa ;g 100.1 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj vk¡dk x;k FkkA

�o"kZ 2016&17 dh çFke Nekgh esa pkyw •krk ?kkVk (lh,Mh) de gksdj thMhih ds 0.3 çfr'kr ij vk x;k] tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2015&16 dh çFke Nekgh esa ;g

1.5 çfr'kr vkSj 2015&16 ds iwjs foÙk o"kZ esa ;g 1.1 çfr'kr jgk FkkA

�çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh rs”k vkod vkSj fons'kh iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k dh 'kq¼ vkod lh,Mh ds foÙk iks"k.k ds fygk”k ls i;kZIr jgha] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i foÙk o"kZ 2016&17 dh çFke Nekgh esa fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj esa o`f¼ dk #• jgkA

�foÙk o"kZ 2016&17 dh çFke Nekgh esa Hkkjr ds fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj esa chvksih ds vkèkkj ij 15.5 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dh o`f¼ n”kZ dh xbZA

�o"kZ 2016&17 ds nkSjku #i, dk çn'kZu vU; mHkjrh ck”kkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh eqækvksa ds eqdkcys csgrj jgk gSA

fons'kh½.k

�flracj 2016 ds vkf•j esa Hkkjr ij fons'kh d”kZ dk cks> 484.3 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj vk¡dk x;k] tks ekpZ 2016 ds vkf•j esa n”kZ fd;s x, fons'kh d”kZ cks> ds eqdkcys 0.8 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj de jgkA

�flracj 2016 esa fons'kh d”kZ ds ”;knkrj eq[; ladsrdksa us ekpZ 2016 ds eqdkcys lqèkkj dk #• n'kkZ;kA dqy fons'kh d”kZ esa vYidkfyd ½.kksa dk fgLlk flracj 2016 ds vkf•j esa de gksdj 16.8 çfr'kr jg x;k vkSj fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj us dqy fons'kh d”kZ cks> ds 76.8 çfr'kr dks doj fd;kA

�d”kZ cks> ls ncs vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds eqdkcys Hkkjr ds eq[; ½.k ladsrd csgrj jgs gSa vkSj Hkkjr dh fxurh vc Hkh bl fygk”k ls de vlqjf{kr ns'kksa esa gksrh gSA

Ñf"k

�Ñf"k {ks=k dh o`f¼ nj o"kZ 2016&17 esa 4.1 çfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS] tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2015–16 esa ;g nj 1.2 çfr'kr jgh FkhA Ñf"k {ks=k ds 'kkunkj çn'kZu dks vk'p;Ztud ugha dgk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd fiNys nks o"kks± ds eqdkcys pkyw o"kZ esa ekulwu dkiQh cf<+;k jgkA

�o"kZ 2016&17 ds nkSjku 13 tuojh] 2017 dks jch iQlyksa dk dqy cqokbZ {ks=kiQy 616.2 yk• gsDVs;j vk¡dk x;k] tks fiNys o"kZ ds leku lIrkg esa n”kZ fd;s x, jdcs ds eqdkcys 5.9 çfr'kr vfèkd gSA

�o"kZ 2016&17 ds nkSjku 13 tuojh] 2017 dks xsgw¡ dk cqokbZ {ks=kiQy fiNys o"kZ ds leku lIrkg esa n”kZ fd;s x, jdcs dh rqyuk esa 7.1 çfr'kr vfèkd jgkA blh rjg o"kZ 2016&17 ds nkSjku 13 tuojh] 2017 dks pus dk cqokbZ {ks=kiQy fiNys o"kZ ds leku lIrkg esa vk¡ds x, {ks=kiQy dh rqyuk esa 10.6 çfr'kr ”;knk jgkA

m|ksx

�o"kZ 2016–17 esa vkS|ksfxd {ks=k dh o`f¼ nj de gksdj 5-2 çfr'kr ds Lrj ij vk tkus dk vuqeku gS] tcfd o"kZ 2015–16 es a ;g o`f¼ nj 7.4 çfr'kr FkhA vçSy&uoEcj] 2016–17 ds nkSjku vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (vkbZvkbZih) esa 0.4 çfr'kr dh ekewyh o`f¼ n”kZ dh xbZ gSA

�vkB çeq• <k¡pkxr lgk;d m|ksxksa vFkkZr~ dks;yk] dPpk rsy] çkÑfrd xSl] fjiQkbujh mRikn] moZjd] bLikr] lhesaV vkSj fctyh m|ksxksa us vçSy&uoEcj 2016–17 ds nkSjku 4.9 çfr'kr dh lap;h o`f¼ nj n”kZ dh] tcfd fiNys o"kZ dh leku vofèk esa ;g nj 2.5 çfr'kr FkhA vçSy&uoEcj 2016–17 ds nkSjku fjiQkbujh mRiknksa] moZjdksa] bLikr] fctyh vkSj lhesaV ds mRiknu esa vPNh&•klh o`f¼ n”kZ dh xbZ] tcfd dPps rsy vkSj çkÑfrd xSl dk mRiknu fxj x;kA ogha] dks;ys dh mRiknu o`f¼ nj esa leku vofèk ds nkSjku fxjkoV dk #• ns•k x;kA

�dkWjiksjsV {ks=k ds çn'kZu (Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad] tuojh 2017) ls ;g rF; lkeus vk;k gS fd o"kZ 2016–17 dh nwljh frekgh ds nkSjku dqy fcØh esa 1.9 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZ gS] tcfd o"kZ 2016–17 dh çFke frekgh esa ;g o`f¼ nj egt 0.1 çfr'kr FkhA o"kZ 2016–17 dh nwljh frekgh ds nkSjku blds 'kq¼ equkiQs esa 16-0 çfr'kr

ctV 2017&18


foÙk ea=kh v#.k tsVyh us 1 iQjojh dks vke ctV (General Budget) 2017-18 laln esa is'k fd;kA ;g igyh ckj gS tc ctV 1 iQjojh dks is'k fd;k x;k] blls igys ctV 28 ;k 29 iQjojh dks is'k gksrk FkkA bl ctV dh fo'ks"krk ;g jgh fd 92 lky esa igyh ckj jsy ctV vyx ls is'k ugha fd;k x;k vkSj vke ctV dk fgLlk jgkA

foÙk ea=kh us ctV ds nl çeq[k LraHk crk,] ftlesa fdlku] xzkeh.k vkoaVu] ;qok] LokLF;] volajpuk] foÙkh; {ks=k] fMftVy vFkZO;oLFkk] lkoZtfud lsok] foosdiw.kZ jktdks"kh; çcaèku ,oa dj çLrko 'kkfeyA

ctV2017-18dheq[;fo'ks"krk,¡

ifjp;

zeqækLiQhfr dks fu;a=k.k esa yk;k x;kA lhihvkbZ&vkèkkfjr eqæLiQhfr tqykbZ 2016 esa 6 izfr'kr ds Lrj ls ?kVdj fnlacj 2016 esa 3.4 izfr'kr ds Lrj ij vk xbZA

zvFkZO;oLFkk mPp fodkl iFk ij vxzlj gqbZ gSA Hkkjr dk pkyw [kkrk ?kkVk fiNys o"kZ ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds 1 izfr'kr ds Lrj ls fxjdj 2016-17 ds iwokZèkZ esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds 0.3 izfr'kr ds Lrj ij vk x;kA oSf'od ,iQMhvkbZ varokZgksa esa 5 izfr'kr dh deh ds ckotwn ,iQMhvkbZ 2015-16 ds iwokZèkZ dh rqyuk esa 2016-17 iwokZèkZ esa 36 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZA 20 tuojh] 2017 dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj 361 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj ds Lrj ij igq¡p x;k gSA

zdkys èku ds fo#¼ vfHk;ku pyk;k x;kA

zljdkjh fuos'k ij dksbZ le>kSrk fd;s fcuk ljdkj jktdks"kh; lesdu ds iFk ij vxzlj gSA

zHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk eè;e vkSj vkbZ,e,iQ ds iwokZuqekuksa ds foijhr lqn`<+ gS] Hkkjr 2017 esa lcls rhoz fodkl djus okyh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ls ,d gSA

ctV2017-18

o"kZ2017-18esapqukSfr;k¡

z oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk esa fiNys o"kZ ds nkSjku cM+s vk£Fkd vkSj jktuhfrd ?kVukØeksa ds ckn dkiQh vfuf'prrk dk ekgkSy gSA

z vejhdh isQMjy fj”koZ }kjk 2017 esa uhfrxr njsa c<+k, tkus dh ea'kk tkfgj dh xbZ gSA ftlls mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ls iwath varokZg de gksus vkSj cfgokZg c<+us dh laHkkouk gSA

z i.; oLrqvksa dh dherksa fo'ks"kr;k dPps rsy dh dherksa dh vfuf'prrk ls mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh jktdks"kh; fLFkfr ij fufgrkFkZ gSaA

z laj{k.kokn dk ncko c<+us ds dkj.k oLrqvksa] lsok rFkk yksxksa ds oSf'odj.k ls gVus ds ladsr gSaA

fiNyso"kZesacnykolacaèkhlqèkkj

z oLrq ,oa lsok dj (th,lVh) ds fy;s lafoèkku la'kksèku foèks;d ikfjr vkSj bldh 'kq:vkrA

z mPp ewY; oxZ ds cSad uksVksa dk foeqæhdj.kA

z 'kksèku v{kerk vkSj fnokfy;kiu lafgrk dk vfèkfu;eu_ eqækLiQhfr ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy;s vkjchvkbZ vfèkfu;e esa la'kksèku_ foÙkh;

2017&18 ctV ,d uT+kj esa2015–16 okLrfod

2016–17 2017–2018 ctVvuqekuctVvuqeku la'kksfèkrvuqeku

jktLo çkfIr;k¡ 11,95,025 13,77,022 14,23,562 15,15,771

iwath çkfIr;k¡ 5,95,748 6,01,038 5,90,845 6,30,964

dqy çkfIr;k¡ 17,90,783 19,78,060 20,14,407 21,46,735

Ldhe O;; 7,25,114 8,01,966 8,69,947 9,45,078

Ldheksa ls brj O;; 10,65,669 11,76,094 11,44,560 12,01,657

dqy O;; 17,90,783 19,78,060 20,14,407 21,46,735

jktLo ?kkVk 3,42,736 3,54,015 3,10,998 3,21,163

çHkkoh jktLo ?kkVk 2,10,982 1,87,175 1,39,526 1,25,813

jktdks"kh; ?kkVk 5,32,791 5,33,904 5,34,274 5,46,532

çkFkfed ?kkVk 91,132 41,234 51,205 23,454

uksV% jkf'k djksM+ #i;s esa gSA

lfClfM;ksa vkSj ykHkksa ds laforj.k ds fy;s vkèkkj foèks;d dk vfèkfu;euA

z ctV 2017-18 esa 3 eq[; lqèkkj fd;s x, gSaA izFke] ctV dh izLrqfr dh frfFk 1 iQjojh djuk rkfd ea=kky; foÙk o"kZ ds vkjaHk ls gh lHkh dk;Zdkyki izpkyu djus esa l{ke gks ldsaA f}rh;] jsy ctV dk vke ctV esa foy; djuk rkfd jsyos dks ljdkj dh jktdks"kh; uhfr ds dsaæ fcUnq esa yk;k tk lds vkSj r`rh;] O;; ds vk;kstuk vkSj vk;kstuk&fHkUu oxhZdj.k dks lekIr djuk rkfd {ks=kksa vkSj ea=kky;ksa ds fy;s vkoaVuksa dk lok±xh.k n`f"Vdks.k lqlkè; gks ldsA

foeqæhdj.k

z dj&oapuk vkSj lekukarj vFkZO;oLFkk ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy;s lkgfld vkSj fu.kkZ;d mik;A

z Hkz"Vkpkj] dkyk èku] udyh eqæk vkSj vkradokn dh iaQ¯Mx dks lekIr djus dk ljdkj dk ladYiA

z vk£Fkd xfrfofèk;ksa esa dksbZ deh vkbZ gS] rks ;g vLFkkbZ gSA

z nh?kkZofèkd ykHkksa dk l`tu ftuesa de Hkz"Vkpkj] vfèkd fMftVyhdj.k] foÙkh;

2

ctV 2017&18


cprksa dk vfèkd izokg vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dk vfèkdkfèkd vkSipkjhdj.kA

z iqu% ekSfædj.k dh xfr esa rs”kh vkbZ gS vkSj ;g 'kh?kz gh larks"ktud Lrj ij igq¡p tk,xhA

z cSa dx iz.kkyh esa vfèk'ks"k udnh mèkkj ykxr de gksxh vkSj ØsfMV igq¡p esa o`f¼ gksxhA

z xjhcksa ds fy;s vkokl] fdlkuksa dks jkgr] ,e,l,ebZ dks ØsfMV lgk;rk] fMftVy ysu&nsuksa dks izksRlkfgr djuk] xHkZorh efgykvksa vkSj ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks lgk;rk] eqæk ;kstuk ds rgr nfyrksa] tutkfr;ksa] fiNM+s oxks± vkSj efgykvksa dks izkFkfedrk] gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk ds eq[; ljksdkjksa ds lekèkku ij iQksdl djrs gq, ekuuh; izèkkuea=kh }kjk 31 fnlacj] 2016 dks ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA

jksMeSivkSjizkFkfedrk,¡

z o"kZ 2017-18 dk ,tsaMk gS% ¶VªkaliQkeZ] ,utkZbt ,aM Dyhu bafM;k¸ Vsd bafM;kA

z Vsd bafM;k dk mís'; bl izdkj gSµ

� 'kklu dh xq.koÙkk vkSj gekjh turk ds thou Lrj dks cnyukA

� lekt ds fofHkUu oxks± fo'ks"kr% ;qodksa vkSj de”kksj rcdksa esa ÅtkZ dk lapkj djuk vkSj mUgsa mudh {kerk ls ifjfpr djkuk] vkSj

� ns'k esa Hkz"Vkpkj] dkyk èku vkSj vikjn'khZ jktuhfrd iaQ¯Mx dh cqjkb;ksa dks lekIr djukA

z bl O;kid ,tsaMs dks pykus dh fof'k"V Fkhesaµ

� fdlku%5 o"kks± esa vk; nqxquk djus ds fy;s izfrc¼A

� xzkeh.kvkcknh%jks”kxkj vkSj cqfu;knh volajpuk eqgS;k djkukA

� ;qok% f'k{kk] dkS'ky vkSj jks”kxkj ds ”kfj;s ÅtkZ dk lapkj djukA

� xjhcrFkkfo'ks"klqfoèkkvksalsoafproxZ%lkekftd lqj{kk] LokLF; ns[kHkky vkSj fdiQk;rh vkokl dh iz.kkyh dks e”kcwr djukA

� volajpuk%dkjxjrk] mRikndrk vkSj thou Lrj ds fy;sA

� foÙkh;{ks=k%e”kcwr laLFkkvksa ds }kjk fodkl vkSj fLFkjrkA

� fMftVyvFkZO;oLFkk%xfr] mÙkjnkf;Ùo vkSj ikjn£'krkA

� lkoZtfudlsok%turk dh Hkkxhnkjh ds tfj;s dkjxj 'kklu vkSj dkjxj lsokA

� foosdiw.kZjktdks"kh;izcaèku%lalkèkuksa dk b"Vre fu;kstu lqfuf'pr djuk vkSj jktdk s"kh; fLFkjrk cuk, j[kuk] dj&iz'kklu% bZekunkjksa dk vknj djukA

fdlku

z o"kZ 2017-18 esa Ñf"k lacaèkh ØsfMV dks `

10 yk[k djksM+ ds fjdkMZ Lrj ij fu;r fd;k x;k gSA

z fdlkuksa dks Hkh 31 fnlacj] 2016 dks dh xbZ 60 fnu dh C;kt ekiQh dk ykHk feysxkA

z NksVs fdlkuksa dks ½.k izokg lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ljdkj f”kyk eè;orhZ lgdkjh cSadksa dh dksj cSa dx iz.kkyh ds lkFk lHkh 63,000 dk;Zjr izkFkfed Ñf"k ØsfMV lkslk;fV;ksa ds dEI;wVjhdj.k vkSj lesdu gsrq ukckMZ dks lgk;rk nsxhA

z iQly chek ;kstuk ds rgr O;kfIr dk nk;jk 2015-16 esa iQly {ks=k ds 30 izfr'kr ls c<+kdj 2017-18 esa 40 izfr'kr vkSj 2018-19 esa 50 izfr'kr fd;k tk,xkA blds fy;s ` 9,000 djksM+ #i, ds ctV dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA

z Ñf"k foKku dsaæksa esa ubZ y?kq iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ vkSj e`nk uewuk ijh{k.k gsrq ns'k esa lHkh 648

Ñf"k foKku dsaæksa dh 100 izfr'kr dojst lqfuf'pr djukA

z ` 5,000 djksM+ dh vkjafHkd fufèk ds lkFk izfr cwan vfèkd iQly izkIr djus ds fy;s ukckMZ esa le£ir lw{e ¯lpkbZ fufèk dh LFkkiukA

z jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj (bZ&uke) dh O;kfIr dk 250 ck”kkjksa ls 585 ,ih,elh rd foLrkj fd;k tk,xkA izR;sd jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj dks ` 75 yk[k rd lgk;rk nh tk,xhA

z ekuuh; izèkkuea=kh }kjk ?kksf"kr fd;s x, vuqlkj] ukckMZ esa igys ls gh LFkkfir nh?kkZofèkd ¯lpkbZ fufèk dk ` 40,000 djksM+ dh bl fufèk dh dqy jkf'k ls 100 izfr'kr rd vfHkoèkZu fd;k tk,xkA

z lafonk iQk£eax ds lacaèk esa ,d ekWMy dkuwu rS;kj fd;k tk,xk vkSj bls viukus gsrq jkT;ksa dks ifjpkfyr fd;k tk,xkA

z ` 2,000 djksM+ dh jkf'k ds lkFk ukckMZ esa Ms;jh izlaLdj.k ,oa volajpuk fodkl fufèk dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xh vkSj ;g jkf'k 3 o"kks ± es a c<+kdj ` 6,000 djksM+ dh tk,xhA

xzkeh.kvkcknh

z dsaæh; ctV] jkT;ksa ds ctVksa] Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa vkfn ds fy;s cSad ¯ydst ls xzkeh.k xjhcksa ds fy;s xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa izR;sd o"kZ ` 3 yk[k djksM+ ls vfèkd dh jkf'k O;; dh tk,xhA

lelkef;dh


vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukØe

vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukØe314ok¡ çoklh Hkkjrh; lEesyu

7 ls 9 tuojh rd csaxyq# esa 14osa çoklh Hkkjrh; lEesyu dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ^Hkkjr ds ifjorZu esa çokfl;ksa dh Hkwfedk* fo"k; ij mn~?kkVu l=k esa yxHkx 4000 çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa us fgLlk fy;kA bl lEesyu dk fo"k; ¶izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds lkFk iquiZfjHkkf"kr lacaèk¸ FkkA izFke izoklh Hkkjrh; lEesyu 2003 esa ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA

çeq•fcanq

� rhu fnuksa ds bl lEesyu esa LVkVZ&vi] u, fopkjksa vkSj dukZVd esa fuos'k ds voljksa lfgr dbZ eqíksa ij 10 iw.kZ l=k vk;ksftr fd;s x,A

� eq[; lEesyu esa çèkkuea=kh ujsUæ eksnh vkSj lekjksg ds eq[; vfrfFk Hkkjrh; ewy ds iqrZxky ds çèkkuea=kh MkW- ,aVksfu;ks dksLVk 'kkfey gq,A

� çoklh Hkkjrh; lEesyu ds lekiu l=k esa jk"Vªifr ç.kc eq•thZ us 30 yksxksa dks çoklh Hkkjrh; lEeku iqjLdkj çnku fd;kA

ubZ;kstukdh'kq#vkr

fons'kksa esa jks”kxkj pkgus okys ;qokvksa ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ,d dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe ^çoklh dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk* 'kq: djsxhA çèkkuea=kh us Hkkjrh; ewy ds yksxksa (ilZu vkWiQ bafM;u vksfjftu&POI) ls dgk fd os vius dkMZ vksojlht flfV”kUl vkWiQ bafM;k (OCI) esa cnyok ysaA ljdkj us bl dkMZ dks cnyokus dh le; lhek 31 fnlacj] 2016 ls c<+kdj 30 twu] 2017 djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k gS rFkk fnYyh vkSj caxyq# esa ;g dke 'kq: Hkh gks pqdk gSA

� blh lEesyu ds lkFk ;qok çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k x;kA lwjhuke ds mijk"Vªifr fe•kby vf'ou lR;sUæ

vèkhu ;qok çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol ds fof'k"V vfrfFk FksA

Hkkjr nqfu;k ds lcls ;qok ns'kksa esa ls ,d gSA ;gk¡ dh dqy tula[;k esa 35 lky ls uhps dh vkcknh dk fgLlk 65% gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj 2020 rd ns'k dh 50% vkcknh dh vk;q 28 lky ;k blls de gksxh] tcfd vesfjdk esa ;g 38 lky] phu esa 42 lky vkSj tkiku esa 48 lky gSA

i`"BHkwfe

9 tuojh] 1915 dks egkRek xkaèkh nf{k.k vÚhdk ls uLy fojksèkh vkanksyu }kjk [;kfr çkIr djus ds ckn igyh ckj Hkkjr ykSVs FksA bl fnu dks ;knxkj cukus ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj us 9 tuojh dks çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol ?kksf"kr fd;kA Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds lkFk lkeatL; vkSj laokn dSls LFkkfir fd;k tk,] bl fo"k; dks ysdj ,d mPpLrjh; lfefr dk xBu çeq• dkuwufon~ y{ehey fla?koh dh vè;{krk esa fd;k x;kA 18 vxLr] 2000 dks bl desVh dh laLrqfr ij egkRek xkaèkh ds Hkkjr vkxeu fnol dks çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol ds :i esa eukus dk iQSlyk fy;k x;k vkSj çfro"kZ 7–9 tuojh dks çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k tkus yxkA

2015 esa ;g fu.kZ; fd;k x;k Fkk fd çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol lEesyu dk vk;kstu gj nks o"kZ ds varjky ij fd;k tk,xkA blfy;s] çoklh Hkkjrh; fnol&2017 esa çnku fd;s tkus okys iqjLdkjksa dh la[;k nksxquk gksdj 30 gks xbZA blds vykok] fu.kkZ;d lfefr vius foosdkuqlkj Ng vkSj ukekadu dj ldrh gSaA bl o"kZ fu.kkZ;d lfefr us Hkkjr ds fodkl dh fn'kk esa ;ksxnku] Hkkjr

esa èkekZFkZ dk;Z vkSj tufgrS"kh fuos'k ij miyfCèk;ksa ds fy;s çokfl;ksa ds ;ksxnku ij Hkh fopkj fd;kA

lHkh ik=k Jsf.k;ksa ds çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa@laxBuksa ls fuèkkZfjr çk:i esa ukekadu vkeaf=kr fd;s x, FksA ekuuh; mijk"Vªifr dh vè;{krk esa 11 lnL;h; fu.kkZ;d&lg&iqjLdkj lfefr us lHkh ukekaduksa ij fopkj fd;kA foLr`r fopkj&foe'kZ ds ckn fu.kkZ;d&lg&iqjLdkj lfefr us 30 çR;kf'k;ksa dh loZlEefr ls iqjLdkj ds fy;s fliQkfj'k dhA

xksok ewy ds iqrZxkyh çèkkuea=kh ,aVksfu;ks yqbl lkarksl Mh dksLVk] vesfjdk dh lgk;d fons'k ea=kh fu'kk nslkbZ fcLoky vkSj fczfV'k ea=kh çhfr iVsy çoklh Hkkjrh; iqjLdkj ls lEekfur gksus okys çeq• yksxksa esa 'kkfey FksA

çoklhHkkjrh;ksadkHkkjrfodklçfr"Bku

çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds Hkkjr fodkl çfr"Bku [India Development Foundation of Overseas Indians (IDF–OI)] dh LFkkiuk dsaæ ljdkj }kjk] çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk Hkkjr ds lkekftd vkSj fodkl ifj;kstukvksa esa tuksi;ksxh lg;ksx dks lqxe cukus gsrq xSj ykHkdkjh U;kl ds :i esa dh xbZ gSA

orZeku esa vkbZMh,iQ&vksvkbZ dsaæ ljdkj dh çeq• ;kstukvksa ^LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku*] ^jk"Vªh; LoPN xaxk vfHk;ku* vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy;s foÙkh; lgk;rk gsrq fpfÉr dh xbZ ifj;kstukvksa esa lg;ksx çnku dj jgk gSA

vkbZMh,iQ&vksvkbZ jkT; ljdkjksa ds lkFk LoPNrk] f'k{kk] is;ty] efgyk l'kDrhdj.k vkfn {ks=kksa esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA çoklh Hkkjrh; O;fDrxr :i ls] lewg esa ;k lacafèkr Hkkjrh; laLFkkvksa }kjk Hkh lg;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

nnn

lelkef;dh



ljdkj Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk ds Lo:i esa cnyko dk ç;kl dj jgh gSA blds fy;s ebZ 2016 esa ysfÝVusaV tujy (lsokfuo`Ùk) Mh-ch- 'ksdVdj dh vè;{krk esa xfBr 11 lnL;h; lfefr us gky gh esa j{kk ea=kky; dks viuh fjiksVZ lkSaih gSA j{kk ea=kky; us bl lfefr dks l'kL=k lsukvksa ds fofHkUu vaxksa ds dkedkt dh foLrkj ls leh{kk dh f”kEesnkjh nh FkhA lfefr dks lsuk dh ;q¼ {kerk rFkk dkS'ky c<+kus ds mik; lq>kus dks Hkh dgk x;k FkkA

lfefr us j{kk ea=kky; ds vèkhu deZpkfj;ksa dks Øfed <ax ls l¡okjus] nwljs dkeksa esa yxkus vkSj ,dhÑr djus ds fy;s fofHkUu fliQkfj'ksa dh gSa rkfd Hkkjr ds lkeus ekStwn orZeku ,oa Hkkoh •rjksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s eqLrSn fdarq çHkkoh lsuk dk mís'; iwjk gks ldsA

egÙoiw.kZfliQkfj'ksa

� lfefr us dgk gS fd ;fn vxys ik¡p o"kZ esa mldh vfèkdka'k fliQkfj'ksa ykxw dj nh tkrh gSa rks ljdkj vius orZeku •pZ esa ls ` 25,000 djksM+ rd dh cpr dj ldrh gSA

� lfefr us vkxkg fd;k gS fd dsoy dqN fliQkfj'kksa dks ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

� fjiksVZ esa Li"V :i ls dgk x;k gS fd j{kk ea=kky; ds vèkhu dqN laxBuksa ls deZpkfj;ksa dks nwljs dkeksa esa yxkus vkSj mu laxBuksa esa deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k de djus dk dke çHkkoh rHkh gksxk] tc mls gj Lrj ij vkSj iwjh n`<+rk ds lkFk fd;k tk,xkA

� bu fliQkfj'kksa ds dkj.k gksus okyh cpr dk ç;ksx Hkkjrh; lSU; cyksa dh ;q¼ {kerk,¡ c<+kus esa gksuk pkfg;s] mls vke ctV esa ugha feyk;k tkuk pkfg;sA

� lfefr dh ,d çeq• fliQkfj'k rhuksa lSU; cyksa] fo'ks"kdj Fky lsuk ds fy;s vkoafVr èku esa ls ^iwath* rFkk ^jktLo* ctV enksa dh ifjHkk"kk ij iqufoZpkj djuk gSA

lfefr dk dguk gS fd ukSlsuk vkSj ok;qlsuk ds foijhr Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk dks deZpkfj;ksa ds ckgqY; okyh lsuk cudj jguk gksxk D;ksafd mls Hkkjr ds çeq• 'k=kqvksa phu vkSj ikfdLrku ds f•ykiQ igkM+ksa ij Hkkjh la[;k esa rSukrh djuh iM+rh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjrh; lsuk ds fy;s ctV ckdh nksuksa lsukvksa dh vis{kk vfèkd jgsxk vkSj •jhn ds fy;s cgqr de iwath cpsxhA blhfy;s lfefr us fliQkfj'k dh gS fd ubZ •jhn ds fy;s çR;sd foÙk o"kZ ds var esa èku okil dj nsus dh ijaijk lekIr djus ds fy;s ubZ •jhn gsrq ;kstuk cukbZ tk,A

� lfefr us j{kk ea=kky; dh foÙkh; çcaèku ç.kkyh dh leh{kk dh fliQkfj'k Hkh dh gSA bl ç.kkyh esa j{kk ea=kky; dh foÙk 'kk•k dks ifj;kstukvksa dh ea”kwjh esa ckèkk ekuk tkrk gSA lfefr dh fliQkfj'k gS fd •jhn dh xfr rs”k djus ds fy;s rhuksa çeq•ksa rFkk mi&çeq•ksa ds foÙkh; vfèkdkjksa esa o`f¼ dh tkuh pkfg;sA

� deZpkfj;ksa dks nwljs dkeksa ij yxkus rFkk mudh la[;k nq#Lr djus ds ckjs esa 'ksdVdj lfefr us fliQkfj'k dh gS fd j{kk ctV ls pyus okys ,sls laxBuksa dh Hkwfedk ,oa çn'kZu dh tk¡p gksuh pkfg;s] tks laxBu ;q¼ ls nwj jgrs gSaA

� buesa ls fjiksVZ esa mfYyf•r dqN laxBu gSaµ fMiQsal ,LVsV~l] fMiQsal vdkmaV~l] MhthD;w,] vk;qèk fuekZ.k cksMZ] MhvkjMhvks vkSj jk"Vªh; dSMsV dksj (,ulhlh)A

� lfefr us dgk fd ,d ckj is'ksoj vkSj oLrqfu"B leh{kk gks tk, rks bu laxBuksa dk vkdkj NksVk dj vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k nq#Lr dj vPNh&•klh cpr dh tk ldrh gSA

� lfefr us eè;e Lrj ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ds çf'k{k.k tkWbaV lfoZls”k okWj dkWyst LFkkfir djus dh lykg Hkh nh gS] ftlds lkFk Fky lsuk] ok;q lsuk vkSj ukSlsuk ds fy;s egw] fldanjkckn vkSj xksok esa rhuksa okWj dkWyst viuh&viuh lsuk ds fy;s;qok vfèkdkfj;ksa dks çf'kf{kr djrs jg ldrs gSaA

� blh çdkj] iq.ks esa ekStwn lSU; •qfiQ;k fo|ky; dks rhuksa lsukvksa ds •qfiQ;k çf'k{k.k çfr"Bku esa cnyus dh lykg Hkh nh gSA

� tokuksa ds fy;s egÙoiw.kZ vkSj vko';d iQk;fjax jsat gsrq ”kehu ds iêðs dk uohdj.k djus esa jkT; ljdkj dh c<+rh mnklhurk dh vksj Hkh lfefr us è;ku fnyk;k gSA c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k vkSj ”kehu ij iM+rs ncko dk vFkZ gS fd ekStwnk iQk;fjax jsatksa ij viuk vfèkdkj cuk, j•us ds fy;s lSU; cyksa dks jktuhfrd ,oa ukSdj'kkgh nckoksa ls tw>uk gksxkA lfefr us bl leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy;s j{kk ea=kky; rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa ds eè; csgrj leUo; dh lykg nh gSA

� lfefr us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd l'kL=k cyksa dks fofHkUu flE;qysVjksa ij çf'k{k.k dh ek=kk c<+kuh pkfg;sA lfefr dh lykg gS fd u, HkrhZ gq, toku vkSj vfèkdkjh xksyhckjh dk 60 çfr'kr çf'k{k.k flE;qysVjksa ij dj ldrs gSa] ftlls çf'k{k.k ds xksyk&ck:n vkfn ds •pZ esa okf"kZd ` 20–25 djksM+ dh cpr gks tk,xhA

� lM+d lqj{kk laxBu dh n{krk c<+kus] vfèkd la[;k esa iwoZ j{kkdfeZ;ksa dk ç;ksx dj ,ulhlh dfeZ;ksa ds çf'k{k.k dks u;k :i nsus ,oa HkrhZ gq, twfu;j vfèkdkfj;ksa (tslhvks) dh enn ls ;qok lSU; vfèkdkfj;ksa dks eq[; dk;ks± ds fy;s •kyh djus tSls dbZ vU; lq>ko Hkh lfefr us fn;sA

� ljdkj }kjk igys xfBr blh çdkj dh leh{kk lfefr;ksa (ujs'k paæ lfefr) dh rjg 'ksdVdj lfefr us Hkh dgk gS fd pkj flrkjksa okys j{kk çeq• (lhMh,l) vFkok rhuksa lsukvksa dh lfefr ds LFkk;h vè;{k dks lsuk rFkk j{kk ea=kky; ds chp ^eq[; leUo;d* ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA

� lfefr us eè;e ls nh?kZdky esa rhu vFkok pkj ,dhÑr dekuksa dh LFkkiuk dk lq>ko nsus ds lkFk gh bl ckr ij Hkh ”kksj fn;k gS fd ifjpkyu ,oa ç'kklfud Hkwfedkvksa esa rhuksa lsukvksa ds çeq•ksa dk gh çHkqRo jguk pkfg;sA bl igyw ij lokZsPp Lrj ij vkSj ppkZ gksuh pkfg;sA

Fky lsuk esa lqèkkj ds fy;s 'ksdVdj lfefr dh fjiksVZ

lelkef;dh



iwjh fjiksVZ ds dsaæ esa Hkkjr ds lSU; cyksa dks vfèkd iQqrhZyk ,oa rduhdh #>ku okyk cukus dk gh mís'; gS rkfd jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ds orZeku ,oa Hkkoh mís';ksa dh iwfrZ gks ldsA

vU;fliQkfj'ksa

� ysfÝVusaV tujy (lsokfuo`Ùk) Mh-ch- 'ksdVdj dh vè;{krk esa xfBr lfefr

dh vuq'kalk ds vuqlkj ubZ O;oLFkk ykxw gksus ij toku vkSj lwcsnkj estj dh jSad rd ds twfu;j deh'ku vfèkdkjh nks lky vkSj dke djsaxsA

� blls u, tokuksa ds çf'k{k.k ij gksus okyk •pZ ?kVsxkA Fky lsuk ds 10 yk• tokuksa esa ls gj lky 60 g”kkj yksx fjVk;j gksrs gSaA lq>ko ykxw gksus ds ckn nks lky ds fy;s tokuksa dh dksbZ fu;qfDr ugha djuh gksxhA

� lsuk ds xSj&yM+kdw foHkkxksa ds •pZ esa dVkSrh djus dh ;kstuk ds rgr lIykbZ dksj] vk;qèk] bysfDVªdy vkSj esdsfudy bathfu;fjax dksj esa dkjksa vkSj vU; okguksa dh ejEer djus okys foHkkxksa dks •Re djus dk lq>ko gSA rdZ ;g gS fd v#.kkpy çns'k vkSj jktLFkku ds lqnwj bykdksa rd futh daifu;ksa dh lsok,¡ ejEer ds fy;s miyCèk gSaA bu lsokvksa dks Bsds ij nsdj osru vkSj HkÙkksa ij gksus okyk cM+k •pZ cpk;k tk ldrk gSA jk'ku vkSj diM+ksa dh vkiwfrZ dk dke Hkh Bsds ij fn;k

tk ldrk gSA blh rjg i'kqikyu] nqXèk mRiknu vkSj lC”kh mRiknu esa yxk, x, foHkkx can fd;s tk ldrs gSaA

� lsuk esa dVkSrh ds phu ds fu.kZ; dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, j{kk ea=kky; dh ,d lfefr us Fky lsuk ds veys esa Hkkjh dVkSrh dh fliQkfj'k dh gS ftlesa csotg ds •pks± dks de dj dqN lSU; laLFkkvksa dks can djus rFkk dqN vU; dk vkdkj NksVk djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS ftlls lsuk dks pqLr&nq#Lr vkSj dq'ky cuk;k tk ldsA

i`"BHkwfe

blls igys 2012 esa jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ls tqM+s ekeyksa esa lqèkkjksa ds ckjs esa lq>ko nsus ds fy;s xfBr ujs'k paæ lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ esa egÙoiw.kZ fliQkfj'ksa nh FkhaA çèkkuea=kh dk;kZy; us bl lfefr dk xBu fd;k FkkA

nnn

phiQvkWiQfMiQsalLVkiQdkin

fjiksVZ esa vesfjdh lsuk dh rjg phiQ vkWiQ fMiQsal LVkWiQ* in l`ftr djus dh fliQkfj'k dh xbZ gSA bl in ij fu;qDr iQkSt dk dekaMj gh ljdkj ds lkFk laokn djus ds fy;s vfèkÑr gksxkA j{kk •jhn] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj fu;qfDr;ksa lacaèkh fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij ljdkj dsoy phiQ vkWiQ fMiQsal LVkWiQ ls ckr fd;k djsxhA Hkkjr esa vHkh lsuk ds rhuksa vaxksa esa ls ofj"B dks ^phiQ vkWiQ LVkWiQ desVh* dk ps;jeSu dgk tkrk gSA mUgsa ^lhvks,llh cSVu* fn;k tkrk gSA bldh f”kEesnkjh vHkh ukSlsuk çeq• ,Mfejy lquhy ykack ds ikl gSA

lelkef;dh



` 9,393 djksM+ dh ykxr okyh dsu&csrok unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk dks gfjr iSuy ls i;kZoj.k ea”kwjh fey xbZ gSA bl ifj;kstuk dks i;kZoj.kh; LohÑfr rc feyh gS tc lokZsPp U;k;ky; dh dsaæh; çkfèkdkj lfefr] eè; çns'k ds iUuk Vkbxj fj”koZ ij bl ifj;kstuk ds çfrdwy çHkkoksa dh tk¡p rFkk çHkkoksa ds U;wuhdj.k ds mik;ksa ij fopkj dj jgh gSA

�ifj;kstuk dks igys gh oU; tho ea”kwjh fey pqdh gS rFkk i;kZoj.k ewY;kadu lfefr us iwjh rjg ls fopkj djus ds ckn ifj;kstuk ds igys pj.k ij lgefr O;Dr dhA

�dsaæh; ty lalkèku] unh fodkl vkSj xaxk laj{k.k ea=kky; vc dsu&csrok unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk ds foÙk iks"k.k ds çk:i dks vafre :i nsus ds fy;s uhfr vk;ksx ds lkFk dke dj jgk gSA blds ckn gh bldk vkSipkfjd fuekZ.k dk;Z 'kq: gksxkA

�dsu&csrok fyad ifj;kstuk ds rgr eè; çns'k ls dsu unh ds vfrfjDr ikuh dks 231 fdeh- yach ,d ugj ds ”kfj;s mÙkj çns'k esa csrok unh rd yk;k tk,xkA blls vDlj lw•s ls tw>us okys cqansy•aM dh 6.35 yk[k gsDVs;j ”kehu dh flapkbZ gks ldsxhA

�dsu&csrok unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk bl fygk”k ls egÙoiw.kZ gS fd ;fn ;g ç;ksx liQy jgk rks ns'k dh fofHkUu ufn;ksa dks vkil esa tksM+us dh vU; ;kstukvksa ij fopkj fd;k tk ldsxkA

foLr`rifj;kstukfjiksVZ

�ifj;kstuk ds fy;s cuh foLr`r ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] mÙkj çns'k dks dsu unh dk vfrfjDr ikuh nsus ds ckn eè; çns'k yxHkx bruk gh ikuh csrok dh Åijh èkkjk ls fudky ysxkA

�ifj;kstuk ds nwljs pj.k esa eè; çns'k pkj ckaèk cukdj jk;lsu vkSj fofn'kk f”kyksa esa flapkbZ dk çcaèk djsxkA

�bl çLrkfor tyk'k; ds Mwc {ks=k esa Nrjiqj f”kys ds 12 xk¡o çHkkfor gksaxs ftlesa ik¡p vkaf'kd :i ls vkSj lkr xk¡o

iw.kZ :i ls çHkkfor gksaxsA ;gk¡ ij nks fo|qr la;a=k cukus dk Hkh çLrko gSA

�ifj;kstuk ds rgr 220 fdyksehVj yach ugj Hkh fudkyus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS tks eè; çns'k ds Nrjiqj] Vhdex<+ vkSj mÙkj çns'k ds egksck] >k¡lh f”kyksa ls xq”kjsxhA

�fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd blds iwjk gksus ij ;g cM+s {ks=k esa •srksa dks lhapsxhA blesa ikuh ds mi;ksx ds ckn Hkh dsu unh ls csrok unh dks ikuh nsus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA

�fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd iquokZl vkSj vkfFkZd enn ds fy;s 213.11 djksM+ #i, dh foÙkh; vko';drk gksxh] ftlesa çf'k{k.k vkSj dkWyksfu;ksa ds fy;s Hkwfe çnku djuk 'kkfey gSA

fo'kkyifj;kstuk]fo'kkyO;;

unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk ds rgr iwjs Hkkjr esa ,sls dqy 30 fyad cuus gSaA buesa lk<+s ik¡p yk• djksM+ #i, ds •pZ dk vuqeku yxk;k tk jgk gSA dsanzh; ty lalkèku ea=kky; ds vuqlkj jkT;ksa ds lg;ksx ls dke djrs gq, vxys lkr ls nl lky ds Hkhrj ;g ifj;kstuk iwjh dh tk ldrh gSA nkok fd;k tk jgk gS fd blls dbZ bykdksa esa lw•s vkSj ck<+ dh

leL;k ls futkr feysxhA blds vykok] bl ifj;kstuk ls fo'kky ek=kk esa fctyh mRiknu dh ckr Hkh dgh tk jgh gS ftlls ns'k dh vkfFkZd çxfr dk ekxZ vkSj pkSM+k gksxkA

unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk vktknh ds ckn rc ppkZ esa vkbZ tc 1970 esa rRdkyhu flapkbZ ea=kh ds-,y- jko us ,d jk"Vªh; ty fxzM cukus dk çLrko fn;kA mudk dguk Fkk fd xaxk vkSj czãiq=k tSlh ufn;ksa dh ?kkVh esa ”;knk ikuh jgrk gS tcfd eè; vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr ds bykdksa esa ikuh dh deh jgrh gSA mudh lksp ;g Fkh fd mÙkj Hkkjr dk vfrfjDr ikuh eè; vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr rd igq¡pk;k tk,A mudh xaxk&dkosjh ugj ;kstuk dh lcls ”;knk ppkZ gqbZ FkhA blds rgr <kbZ g”kkj fdyksehVj ls ”;knk yach ugj ds ”kfj;s xaxk ds djhc 50 g”kkj D;wlsd ikuh dks djhc lk<+s ik¡p lkS ehVj Å¡pk mBkdj nf{k.k Hkkjr dh rjiQ ys tk;k tkuk FkkA ysfdu dsaæh; ty vk;ksx usbl ;kstuk dks vkfFkZd vkSj rduhdh :i ls vO;kogkfjd crkrs gq, •kfjt dj fn;kA

blds ckn unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk dh ppkZ 1980 esa gqbZA bl lky Hkkjr ds ty lalkèku ea=kky; us ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dh FkhA ^us'kuy ijLisfDVo Iyku iQkWj okVj fjlkslZs”k MsoyiesaV*

ns'k esa igyh unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk dks eaT+kwjh

lelkef;dh



uked bl fjiksVZ esa unh tksM+ks ifj;kstuk dks nks fgLlksa esa ck¡Vk x;k Fkk&fgeky;h bykdk vkSj çk;}hih; ;kuh nf{k.k Hkkjr dk {ks=kA

i`"BHkwfe

Hkkjr dh lkjh cM+h ufn;ksa dks vkil esa tksM+us dk çLrko igyh ckj fczfV'k jkt ds bathfu;j lj vkFkZj dkWVu us 1858 esa fn;k FkkA lksp ;g Fkh fd ugjksa ds fo'kky tky ds ”kfj;s ufn;k¡ vkil esa tqM+ tk,axh rks u dsoy fczfV'k lkezkT; ds bl mifuos'k esa vk;kr&fu;kZr dk dke rs”k vkSj vklku gksxk cfYd ,d gh oDr ij dgha lw•s vkSj dgha ck<+ dh leL;k ls fuiVk tk ldsxkA vkFkZj dkWVu blls igys dkosjh] Ñ".kk vkSj xksnkojh ij dbZ ckaèk vkSj cM+h flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,¡ cuk pqds Fks] ysfdu rc lalkèkuksa deh ds pyrs ufn;ksa dks tksM+us dh ;g ;kstuk vkxs ugha c<+ ldhA

1982 esa bl eqís ij us'kuy okVj MsoyiesaV ,tsalh ds :i esa fo'ks"kKksa dh ,d laLFkk cukbZ xbZ ftldk dke ;g vè;;u

djuk Fkk fd çk;}hih; ufn;ksa vkSj nwljs ty lalkèkuksa dks tksM+us dk dke fdruk O;kogkfjd gSA

o"kZ 2002 esa ns'k esa Hk;kud lw•k iM+k FkkA blds ckn rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us ufn;ksa dks vkil esa tksM+us ds dke dh O;kogkfjdrk ij•us ds fy;s ,d dk;Zny dk xBu fd;kA blus mlh lky viuh fjiksVZ lkSai nh FkhA blesa Hkh ifj;kstuk dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vus dh fliQkfj'k dh xbZ FkhA igys fgLls esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ufn;k¡ 'kkfey Fkha ftUgsa tksM+dj 16 ufn;ksa dh ,d fxzM cukbZ tkuh FkhA fgeky;h fgLls ds rgr xaxk] czãiq=k vkSj bldh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds ikuh dks bdêòk djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ ftldk bLrseky flapkbZ vkSj fctyh ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s gksuk FkkA

vU;ns'kksaesaD;kgSfLFkfr\

unh tksM+us ds ifj.kkeksa dks ns•rs gq, nqfu;k ds dbZ ns'k blls ihNk NqM+k pqds gSaA

vesfjdk esa dksykjkMks ls ysdj felhflih unh ?kkVh rd cM+h la[;k esa cuh ,slh ifj;kstuk,¡ xkn Hkj tkus ds dkj.k ck<+ dk çdksi c<+kus yxha vkSj muls fctyh dk mRiknu Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs fxjrk x;kA vkf•j esa bu ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s cus ckaèk rksM+us iM+sA bl ij tks •pZ gqvk lks vyxA fo'ks"kKksa ds vuqlkj] xaxk ;k czãiq=k esa gj lky vkus okyh xkn dh ek=kk felhflih unh ls nksxquh gSA

lksfo;r la?k ds ”kekus esa lkbcsfj;kbZ ufn;ksa dks ugjksa ds tky ds ”kfj;s d”kkfdLrku vkSj eè; ,f'k;k dh de ikuh okyh ufn;ksa dh vksj eksM+us dk dke gqvkA ;kstuk dk eq[; fgLlk 2200 fdyksehVj yach ,d ugj FkhA nkos fd;s x, fd blls vukt dk mRiknu c<+ tk,xkA ysfdu bldk gky Hkkjr esa 'kkjnk lgk;d ugj tSlk gh gqvkA tgk¡&tgk¡ Hkh ugj igq¡ph ogk¡&ogk¡ nynyh ”kehu vkSj •kjs ikuh us fdlkuksa dh dej rksM+ nhA 1980 ds n'kd esa bl ;kstuk dks NksM+ fn;k x;kA

nnn

lelkef;dh



ljdkj us ns'k esa eè;LFkrk dsaæ cukus ds mís'; ls ekStwnk eè;LFkrk O;oLFkk dks vkSj csgrj cukus rFkk miyCèk lqfoèkkvksa] lalkèkuksa vkfn dh leh{kk ds fy;s lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds lsokfuo`Ùk U;k;kèkh'k U;k;ewfrZ ch-,u- JhÑ".k dh vè;{krk esa ,d mPpLrjh; lfefr dk xBu fd;k gSA ;g lfefr orZeku eè;LFkrk O;oLFkk dh n{krk dh leh{kk ,oa fo'ys"k.k ds lkFk oSdfYid fookn lekèkku laLFkkuksa ds ikl ekStwn lqfoèkkvksa] lalkèkuksa rFkk foÙk dh miyCèkrk dh Hkh leh{kk djsxhA

eè;LFkrk ekeyksa ds lekèkku ds fy;s ljdkj }kjk foÙkh; lgk;rk çkIr laLFkkuksa ds dke dh leh{kk Hkh lfefr ds nk;js esa gksxhA ;g lfefr 90 fnuksa ds vanj viuh fjiksVZ çLrqr djsxhA

mPpLrjh;lfefrdkdk;Z{ks=k

� orZeku eè;LFkrk ra=k ds çHkko dh leh{kk vkSj fo'ys"k.k djukA

� ek St wnk o SdfYid fookn lekèk ku (Alternative Dispute Resolution–ADR) laLFkkuksa dh lqfoèkkvksa] lalkèkuksa] foÙk iks"k.k vkSj Je'kfDr dh leh{kk djukA

� eè;LFkrk mís';ksa ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr laLFkkuksa dh dk;Zç.kkyh dh leh{kk djukA

� nksuksa jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eè;LFkrk ds fy;s ,Mhvkj vkSj lac¼ laLFkkuksa esa dkS'ky varjky vkdyu djukA

� eè;LFkrk ds fy;s ekStwnk dkuwuh <k¡ps dh çHkkodkfjrk vkSj igq¡p dh tkudkjh dk ewY;kadu djukA

� iwoZxkeh vkèkkj ij] eè;LFkrk ra=k ds laLFkkuhdj.k ds fy;s mik; lq>kdj] Hkkjr dks varjkZ"Vªh; okf.kfT;d eè;LFkrk dk ,d dsaæ cukukA

� varjkZ"Vªh; okf.kfT;d iapkV (International Commercial Arbitration–ICA) dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s vU; dkuwuksa esa fd;s tk ldus okys la'kksèkuksa dks igpkuukA

lqèkkjdhfn'kkesamBk,x,dne

� dsaæ ljdkj us bl fn'kk esa dbZ dne mBk, gSaA ,d g”kkj ls vfèkd iqjkus dkuwu •Re dj fn;s x, gSaA

� ,d O;kid fnokyk ,oa fnokfy;kiu lafgrk] 2016 vfèkfu;fer dh xbZ gSA

� jk"Vªh; daiuh dkuwu U;k;kfèkdj.k ykxw dj fn;k x;k gSA

� oLrqvksa ,oa çfrHkwfr ck”kkj ds foy; dks çHkkoh fd;k x;k gSA

� cnyrs ØsfMV ifjn'; ds vuq:i vkSj dkjksckjh lqxerk ds fy;s ,l,vkj,iQ,bZ,lvkbZ (Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest–SARFAESI) ,oa MhvkjVh vfèkfu;e esa la'kksèku fd;k x;k gSA

� okf.kfT;d fooknksa ds Rofjr lekèkku ds fy;s mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds okf.kfT;d vnkyrksa] okf.kfT;d çHkkx ,oa okf.kfT;d vihyh; fMfo”ku vfèkfu;e dks vfèkfu;fer fd;k x;k gSA

� ,d jk"Vªh; U;kf;d MkVk fxzM ns'kHkj esa f”kyk vnkyrksa esa yafcr ekeyksa ij MsVk çnku djus ds fy;s LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA

� lewph dksVZ ç.kkyh ds daI;wVjhdj.k ds fy;s bZ&dksVZ fe'ku ds rgr dne mBk, x, gSaA

� U;k;kfèkdj.k ds vfHklj.k ds fy;s ,d j.kuhfr ij dke py jgk gS] tks ekStwnk tfVy U;k;kfèkdj.k ç.kkyh dks ,d ljy lajpuk esa <kyus esa ennxkj gksxhA

iapkV] eè;LFkrk vkSj lqyg lfgr oSdfYid fookn lekèkku ds fy;s ,d thoar ra=k cuk, tkus dh ”k:jr gSA ;g m|eksa vkSj fuos'kdksa dks vfrfjDr lqfoèkk çnku djsxkA blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ;g gS fd blls Hkkjrh; vnkyrksa ij dke dk cks> de gksxkA

iapkVvkSjlqygvfèkfu;eesala'kksèku

iapkV vkSj lqyg vfèkfu;e esa dbZ la'kksèku fd;s x, gSaA blus eè;LFkrk dh çfØ;k dks vklku] le;c¼ vkSj ijs'kkuh eqDr cuk;k gSA gekjk dkuwu ;w,ulhvkbZVhvkj,,y (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) ekWMy dkuwu ij vkèkkfjr gSA

� bldk mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ekè;LFk U;k;kfèkdj.k 12 eghus ds Hkhrj viuk iQSlyk ns nsA

� iQkWLV VªSd çfØ;k ds nkSjku ;g iQSlyk Ng ekg esa vk tkuk pkfg;sA

� U;k;ky; }kjk ekè;LFk dh fu;qfDr ij 60 fnu dh vofèk ds Hkhrj fu.kZ; ys fy;k tkuk pkfg;sA

� iQSlys dh çfØ;k vkSj ea”kwjh ds nkSjku iwoZ esa is'k vkus okyh ckèkkvksa dks gVk fy;k x;k gSA

� u, dkuwu ds vuqlkj] iQSlys dks pqukSrh nsus okys fdlh Hkh vkosnu dk U;k;ky; }kjk ,d o"kZ ds Hkhrj fuiVkjk fd;k tk,xkA

� U;k;ky; }kjk iQSlys dks ykxw djus ls budkj varjkZ"Vªh; çFkkvksa ds vuqlkj gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

,d leFkZ oSdfYid fookn lekèkku ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k Hkkjr ds fy;s ,d jk"Vªh; çkFkfedrk gSA jksldks ikmaM dk ,d dFku gS% ¶dkuwu fLFkj gksuk pkfg;s] ysfdu ;g lhèkk •M+k ugha gksuk pkfg;sA¸ nnn

iapkV&ra= ds laLFkkuhdj.k gsrq mPpLrjh; lfefr dk xBu

lelkef;dh



çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us 30 fnlacj] 2016 dks fnYyh esa fMthèku esyk dk;ZØe ds nkSjku ^vkèkkj* vkèkkfjr eksckby isesaV ,i Hkhe (BHIM–Bharat Interface for Money) tkjh fd;kA

� Hkhe ,i ljdkj ds iqjkus ;wihvkbZ (;wfuiQkbM isesaV baVjiQsl) vkSj ;w,l,lMh (vuLVªDpMZ lIyhesaVªh lfoZl MkVk) dk gh ifj"Ñr :i gSA

� Hkhe ,i fcuk baVjusV ds Hkh dke djsxkA

� Hkhe ,i IykfLVd dkMZ vkSj ihvks,l (ikWbaV vkWiQ lsy) e'khu dh txg ysxk vkSj udn&eqDr vFkZO;oLFkk ds fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnku nsxkA

� Hkhe ,i dks ,aMªkW;M ,i LVksj ls MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldrk gSA

� ;g ,i ,d ckW;ksehfVªd jhMj ls tqM+k gksxkA xzkgd] ,i esa viuk vkèkkj uacj vkSj cSad dk uke MkysaxsA mlds ckn ckW;ksehfVªd LdSu dk ikloMZ ds :i esa bLrseky djds miHkksDrk Hkqxrku dj ldsaxsA

� Hkhe dks us'kuy isesaV dkWikZsjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k (National Payment Corporation of India) us fodflr fd;k gSA

� blls iSls Hkstus ds fy;s dsoy ,d ckj cSad vdkmaV uacj jftLVj djuk gksxk vkSj ,d UPI fiudksM tujsV djuk gksxkA

� blds ckn vkidk eksckby uacj gh isesaV ,Mªsl gksxkA gj ckj vdkmaV uacj Mkyus dh ”k:jr ugha gksxhA

� baVjusV ugha gksus ij iQksu ls USSD dksM *99# Mk;y djds Hkh bl ,i dks vkWijsV fd;k tk ldrk gSA

� blds fy;s eksckby cSafdax ,fDVosV djus dh ”k:jr ugha] dsoy vkidk eksckby uacj cSad esa jftLVj gksuk pkfg;sA

� fiQygky ;g ,i fganh vkSj vaxzs”kh dks liksVZ djsxk] tYnh gh {ks=kh; Hkk"kk,¡ Hkh blesa tqM+saxhA

� bl ,i ls VªkatsD'ku djus ij dksbZ 'kqYd ugha yxsxkA gkyk¡fd] IMPS vkSj UPI VªkaliQj ij cSad dqN 'kqYd olwy dj ldrk gSA

^vkèkkj* vkèkkfjr ,i ^Hkhe* dh 'kq#vkr

nnn

lelkef;dh


laoS/kkfud@iz'kklfud ?kVukØe

laoS/kkfud@iz'kklfud ?kVukØe44.1 loksZPp@mPpU;k;ky;

dsegÙoiw.kZfu.kZ;

xksoèkijiw.kZçfrcaèkugha

27 tuojh dks lokZsPp U;k;ky; us iwjs ns'k esa xksoèk ij iw.kZ çfrcaèk dh ekax okyh tufgr ;kfpdk •kfjt dj nhA ;g ;kfpdk fouhr lkgk uked O;fÙkQ dh vksj ls nk;j dh xbZ Fkh] ftlesa ns'k ds lHkh jkT;ksa esa xksoèk ij çfrcaèk dh ekax ;g dgrs gq, dh xbZ Fkh fd egkjk"Vª ljdkj }kjk jkT; esa xksoèk rFkk xksekal dh •jhn&fcØh vkSj j•us ij iw.kZ çfrcaèk yxk nsus dh otg ls egkjk"Vª ls mu jkT;ksa esa xk;ksa dh rLdjh c<+ xbZ gS tgk¡ ,slk çfrcaèk ugha gSA blls egkjk"Vª ds ekal dkjksckfj;ksa dks uqdlku gks jgk gS blfy;s xksoèk ij iwjs ns'k esa çfrcaèk yxk;k tk,A U;k;ky; us ;kfpdk •kfjt djrs gq, dgk fd voSèk rjhds ls eosf'k;ksa dks ,d jkT; ls nwljs jkT; ys tkus dh xfrfofèk;ksa ij jksd dk vkns'k og igys gh ikfjr dj pqdk gSA

lokZsPp U;k;ky; us dgk fd xksoèk ij ,d jkT; çfrcaèk yxk ldrk gS rks nwljk D;ksa ugha] ,sls esa jkT;ksa }kjk ikfjr fd;s tkus okys dkuwu ds ekeys esa og fdlh rjg dk gLr{ksi ugha djuk pkgrkA egkjk"Vª ljdkj us 1976 ds i'kq laj{k.k foèks;d esa la'kksèku dj jkT; esa xksoèk rFkk xksekal dh •jhn&fcØh vkSj mls j•us ij iw.kZ çfrcaèk yxk fn;k gSA jkT; ds yxHkx 36 ekal dkjksckfj;ksa us jkT; ljdkj ds bl dkuwu dh laoSèkkfud oSèkrk dks ckWEcs mPp U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh Fkh vkSj mlls vihy dh Fkh fd mUgsa xk;ksa dh ugha cfYd 16 o"kZ ls ”;knk vk;q ds lkaMksa vkSj cSyksa ds oèk dh vuqefr nh tk,A viuh nyhy esa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd bl vk;q ds ckn ;s eos'kh •srh&ckM+h ;k vU; dke esa bLrseky ds yk;d ugha jg tkrsA ysfdu ckWEcs mPp U;k;ky; ls mUgsa jkgr ugha feyh vkSj U;k;ky; us bl ekeys esa jkT; ljdkj ds vkns'k dks cjdjkj j•k FkkA

bujkT;ksaesaçfrcaèkugha% dsjy] if'pe caxky] mÙkj iwoZ ds jkT; (v#.kkpy çns'k] fetksje] es?kky;] uxkySaM] f=kiqjk] flfDde)A ef.kiqj ds egkjktk us 1939 esa xksgR;k ds fy, ltk dk dkuwu cuk;k] ysfdu ;gk¡ xksek¡l O;kid :i ls •k;k tkrk gSA

;gk¡gSxksoèkijçfrcaèk% vkaèkz izns'k vkSj rsyaxkuk% xk;&cNM+ksa dh gR;k ij çfrcaèkA ^oèk ds fy, fiQV* lfVZfiQdsV ysdj lkaM+ksa vkSj cSyksa dk oèk fd;k tk ldrk gSA vle esa xksoèk ij çfrcaèk] fuèkkZfjr LFkkuksa ij xksoèk dh ea”kwjh ”k:jhA fcgkj esa çfrcaèk] 15 lky ls Åij ds lkaMksa vkSj cSyksa dk oèk ea”kwjA paMhx<+] gfj;k.kk] egkjk"Vª] NÙkhlx<+] fnYyh] xqtjkr] fgekpy çns'k] mÙkjk•aM] tEew&d'ehj] >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] egkjk"Vª] vksfM'kk] jktLFkku] rfeyukMq] mÙkj çns'k esa çfrcaèkA dukZVd esa cw<+s vkSj chekj xksoa'k dk oèk fd;k tk ldrk gSA

jktuhfrdnyksadkspansesavk;djNwVlgh

lokZsPp U;k;ky; us jktuhfrd nyksa dks feyus okys pans ij vk;dj NwV dks lgh Bgjkrs gq, blds f•ykiQ nk;j tufgr ;kfpdk dks •kfjt dj fn;kA

i`"BHkwfe

;g tufgr ;kfpdk odhy euksgjyky 'kekZ us nk;j dh FkhA mudk vkjksi Fkk fd jktuhfrd nyksa dks lafoèkku ds çkoèkkuksa dk mYya?ku djds vk;dj ls NwV çnku dh xbZ gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ Fkk fd ;g lqfoèkk vke turk dks miyCèk ugha gSA ;kfpdk esa vk;dj dkuwu dh èkkjk 13, vkSj tuçfrfufèkRo dkuwu dh èkkjk 29 dks fujLr djus dk vuqjksèk fd;k x;k FkkA ;kfpdk esa dgk x;k Fkk fd blls lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 14 ds rgr lerk ds vfèkdkj dk guu gksrk gS] D;ksafd ;g pans ds ekeys esa dsoy jktuhfrd nyksa dks gh vk;dj ls NwV çnku djrh gSA

11 tuojh dks eq[; U;k;kèkh'k ts-,l- •sgj vkSj U;k;ewfrZ èkuat; okbZ- paæpwM dh ihB us dgk fd vk;dj ls NwV nsus dk fu.kZ; ,d dk;Zdkjh* dkjZokbZ gS vkSj blls lafoèkku ds fdlh Hkh çkoèkku dk mYya?ku ugha gqvk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa U;k;ky; blesa gLr{ksi ugha dj ldrkA

,uthvksdhiQafMaxijvkWfMVdkvkns'k

gky gh esa ,d ekeys esa lquokbZ ds nkSjku fglkc u nsus okys ,uthvks ij lokZsPp U;k;ky; us csgn dM+k #• viukrs gq, dgk] ¶,sls ,uthvks dks dsoy CySd fyLV djuk dkiQh ugha] bu ij ljdkjh iSls ds xcu dk ekeyk ntZ gksA¸

lokZsPp U;k;ky; esa j•s x, fjdkWMZ ds vuqlkj ns'k esa iathÑr yxHkx 32 yk• ,uthvks esa ls yxHkx 30 yk• cSysal 'khV tek ugha djkrs vFkkZr~ viuh vkenuh vkSj •pZ dk C;kSjk ugha nsrsA vc lokZsPp U;k;ky; us ljdkj ls dgk gS fd 31 ekpZ rd lcdk vkWfMV djk,¡ rFkk vkWfMV ds ckn nks"kh ik, x, ,uthvks ij dkjZokbZ 'kq: dh tk,A ,uthvks ij nhokuh dkjZokbZ dj ljdkj }kjk mUgsa fn;s x, iSls olwys tk,¡A lkFk gh] ,uthvks dks pykus okys yksxksa ij ljdkjh iSls ds xcu dk eqdnek Hkh ntZ fd;k tk,A

eq[; U;k;kèkh'k ts-,l- •sgj dh vè;{krk okyh ihB us lquokbZ ds nkSjku ljdkj dh rjiQ ls fglkc u fy;s tkus ij ukjk”kxh trkrs gq, dgk] ¶vkf•j ljdkj vius iSlksa dk fglkc D;ksa ugha ysrh\ D;k vly esa ljdkj esa cSBs yksx gh bu iSlksa dk bLrseky djrs gSa\¸ lkFk gh] U;k;ky; us ljdkj ls 31 ekpZ rd ,uthvks dks ekU;rk nsus ds lacaèk esa u, fn'kk&funZs'k cukus dks Hkh dgkA

tYyhdV~Vwdsvk;kstudksvarr%vè;kns'k}kjkeatwjh

rfeyukMq esa lk¡M+ksa dh yM+kbZ ds •sy tYyhdV~Vw ls çfrcaèk gVkus dh ekax dks ysdj

lelkef;dh


Hkkjr&fo'o laca/k

Hkkjr&fo'o laca/k 55.1 Hkkjrovkl&iM+ksl

ikfdLrkuusfd;kijek.kqfelkby^vckchy*dkijh{k.k

24 tuojh dks ikfdLrku us 2200 fdyksehVj dh nwjh rd ”kehu&ls&”kehu rd ekj djus okyh vkSj ijek.kq vk;qèk ys tkus esa l{ke cSfyfLVd felkby ^vckchy* dk igyk liQy ijh{k.k fd;kA vckchy* efYViy bafMisaMsaV jh&,aVjh Oghdy (,evkbZvkjoh) çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx dj ,d lkFk vusd vk;qèk ys tkus esa l{ke gSA ;g ijh{k.k vk;qèk ç.kkyh ds fofHkUu fMtkbu vkSj rduhdh igyqvksa ds ekU;dj.k ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA ^vckchy* mPp lVhdrk ds lkFk nq'eu ds jMkjksa dks ekr nsrs gq, ,d lkFk vusd y{;ksa dks Hksnus dh {kerk j•rh gSA bl ijh{k.k ds ckn ikfdLrku us Hkkjr dh rjiQ ijks{k ladsr djrs gq, dgk fd ^vckchy* vk;qèk ç.kkyh dk fodkl c<+rh {ks=kh; cSfyfLVd felkby j{kk ekgkSy esa ikfdLrku dh cSfyfLVd felkbyksa ds fVdus dh {kerk lqfuf'pr djus ij yf{kr gSA

ikfdLrkuusfd;kckcj&3Øw”kfelkbydkijh{k.k

ikfdLrkuh lsuk us gky gh esa iuMqCch ls NksM+h tk ldus okyh viuh igyh Øw”k felkby dk liQy ijh{k.k fd;kA ckcj&3 uke dh bl felkby dh jsat 450 fdyksehVj gSA bl felkby dks fgan egklkxj ls ,d vKkr txg ls NksM+k x;kA felkby dks ikuh ds Hkhrj ls ,d eksckby IysViQkWeZ ls NksM+k x;kA

�ckcj&3 lrg ls nkxh tkus okyh Øw”k felkby (th,ylh,e) ckcj&2 dk leqæh laLdj.k gS] ftldk fnlacj 2016 ds çkjaHk esa ikfdLrku us liQy ijh{k.k fd;k FkkA

�ckcj&3 ,l,ylh,e esa ikuh ds vanj gh fu;af=kr ç.kksnu] mUur ekxZn'kZu ,oa

ukSogu fo'ks"krk vkfn lesr vR;kèkqfud çkS|ksfxfd;k¡ gSaA

�bl felkby esa 'k=kq jMkj ,oa ok;q j{kk ls cp fudyus tSlh {kerk gSA

�ckcj&3 ,l,ylh,e ”kehu ij geyk djus ds nkSj esa fofHkUu çdkj ds Hkkjksa dks ys tkus esa l{ke gS vkSj ijek.kq geys dh fLFkfr esa iyVokj djus dh {kerk j•rh gSA

Hkkjrusfo'oluh;ughaekuk

ckcj&3 felkby ds liQy ijh{k.k ds ikfdLrkuh nkos ij loky •M+k gks x;k gSA j{kk ekeyksa ds fo'ks"kK ikfdLrkuh lsuk ds felkby ijh{k.k ds ohfM;ks dks daI;wVj fufeZr crk jgs gSaA mudk dguk gS fd ikfdLrku esa vHkh ;g {kerk ugha gS fd og ml {kerk dh felkby dk Lo;a ijh{k.k dj ys ftldk nkok og ckcj&3 ds fy;s dj jgk gSA iBkudksV esa lSVsykbV bestjh ,sukfyLV lfgr dbZ fo'ks"kKksa us rduhdh lcwr is'k djrs gq, dgk fd ikfdLrku us felkby ijh{k.k dk iQthZ ohfM;ks nqfu;k dks fn•k;k gS vkSj mlus felkby ykWfUpax fn•kus ds fy;s daI;wVj xzkfiQDl dk bLrseky fd;k gSA

phuusikfdLrkudksfn;snks;q¼iksr

phu us leqæ ekxZ rFkk phu&ikfdLrku vkfFkZd xfy;kjs (lhihbZlh) dh la;qDr lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s 15 tuojh dks ikfdLrkuh ukSlsuk dks nks ;q¼iksr lkSaisA phu us Xoknj canjxkg vkSj 51 vjc MkWyj ds phu&ikfdLrku vkfFkZd xfy;kjs ds rgr vkus okys O;kikfjd ekxks± dh lqj{kk ds fy;s ikfdLrkuh ukSlsuk dks ;s tgk”k fn;s gSaA ikfdLrkuh ukSlsuk us tgk”kksa ds uke fgaxksy vkSj clksys ufn;ksa ds uke ij j•s gSaA bu ;q¼iksrksa dks Xoknj canjxkg vkSj lhihbZlh ds leqæh ekxZ dh lqj{kk ds fy;s rSukr fd;k tk,xkA ikfdLrkuh ukSlsuk dks nks vkSj tgk”k

nsus dh rS;kjh phu dj jgk gSA phu esa mudk fuekZ.k dk;Z tkjh gS vkSj mlds 'kh?kz iwjk gksus dh mEehn gSA ikfdLrku ds v'kkar cywfpLrku çkar esa iM+us okyk Xoknj canjxkg if'peh phu dks ok;k ikfdLrku if'pe ,f'k;k] vÚhdk vkSj ;wjksi ls tksM+us dk dke djsxkA

gky gh esa ,f'k;k esa Hkkjr ds c<+rs çHkqR o dks pqukSrh nsus ds fy;s phu us ikfdL rku ds djkph gkcZj ij ,d ijek.kq iuMqC ch rSukr dh FkhA ikjaifjd iuMqfCc;ksa ls brj] ijekf.od iuMqfCc;ksa ds ikl vlhfer jsat rd geyk djus dh 'kfDr gksrh gS] D ;ksafd muds ijek.kq fj,D Vj dks jhfiQy djus dh ”k:jr cgqr de iM+rh gSA VkjihMks vkSj Øw”k felkbY l ls ySl ;s iuMqfCc;k¡ ikuh ds uhps yacs le; ds fy;s rSukr dh tkrh gSa] tgk¡ mU gsa VªSd dj ikuk csgn eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA xwxy vFkZ ds ,d lSVsykbV fp=k ls bl ckr dk irk pykA phuh iuMqC ch dh ;g rL ohj ,d lSVsykbV bestjh ,D liVZ us idM+h] blesa fn• jgh iuMqC ch phuh ukSlsuk dh Vkbi 091 gku* D ykl iQkL V vVSd iuMqCch gSA ;g phu }kjk rSukr dh xbZ ijek.kq 'kfDr laiU u igyh iuMqfCc;ksa esa ls ,d gSA

HkkjrvkusokysusikyhJfedksadkscheknsxhusikyljdkj

Hkkjr esa dke ds fy;s tkus okys usikyh Jfedksa dks usiky ljdkj us vfuok;Z chek lqj{kk miyCèk djkus dk fu.kZ; fd;k gSA usiky ds çèkkuea=kh çpaM us fons'kksa esa dke djus okys usiky ds dkexkjksa ds dY;k.k ds fy;s ,d egÙokdka{kh ;kstuk 'kq: dh gS ftlds rgr ;g chek lqfoèkk miyCèk djkbZ tk,xhA blds vykok usiky ljdkj Hkkjr tkus okys çoklh usikyh Jfedksa dk fofu;eu djsxhA mUgsa vuqefr i=k tkjh fd;s tk,axsA blds vykok mUgsa dbZ vkSj lqfoèkk,¡ Hkh nh tk,axh tks vU; ns'kksa esa tkus okys usikyh Jfedksa dks feyrh gSaA

lelkef;dh


oSf'od ?kVukØe

oSf'od ?kVukØe66.1 ,f'k;k

b”kjk;ydsiklvc,jks&3felkby'khYM

b”kjk;y us vius ns'k ds cSfyfLVd felkby 'khYM ,sjks&3 dks vesfjdk dh enn ls vixzsM dj fy;k gSA vc b”kjk;y dks y{; dj nkxh xbZ fdlh Hkh felkby ;k jkWdsV dks varfj{k ls gh felkby nkxdj u"V fd;k tk ldsxkA

�,slh O;oLFkk vc rd dsoy vesfjdk ds ikl Fkh vkSj vc b”kjk;y us vesfjdh foeku fuekZrk daiuh cksbax dh lgk;rk ls ,sjks&3 ç.kkyh fodflr dh gSA

�b”kjk;yh ,;jksLisl baMLVªht rFkk cksbax }kjk la;qDr :i ls rS;kj dh xbZ ,sjks&3 ç.kkyh gky gh esa b”kjk;yh ok;qlsuk esa 'kkfey dh xbZ gS A

�oLrqr% ,sjks&2 ç.kkyh dk gh vixzsMsM laLdj.k gS ,sjks&3] tks o"kZ 2000 ls ok;qlsuk esa 'kkfey gSA

�,sjks&3 ç.kkyh ds vkus ds ckn b”kjk;y ij felkby geys dh vk'kadk cgqr gn rd de gks tk,xhA

�,sjks&3 ç.kkyh esa felkby dks igys varfj{k esa Hkstk tkrk gS] tgk¡ ls og y{; dks ryk'k dj mls u"V dj nsrh gS] tcfd ,sjks&2 esa fdlh geykoj felkby dks ok;qeaMy ds Hkhrj gh •Re fd;k tk ldrk gSA

�,sjks&3 ç.kkyh ds vkus ds ckn vc b”kjk;y ij ijek.kq] tSfod rFkk jklk;fud geyksa dk •rjk Hkh yxHkx •Re gks x;k gS] D;ksafd blls fdlh Hkh rjg dh felkby dks varfj{k ls gh •Re fd;k tk ldrk gSA

phuuspykbZyanurdVªsu

gky gh esa fo'o ds lcls cM+s iqy dh 'kq#vkr ds ckn phu us fo'o dh lcls cM+h nwjh r; djus okyh Vªsu Hkh pyk nhA Vªsu us phu ds ;how ls yanu rd dh yxHkx 12 g”kkj fdyksehVj dh nwjh 18 fnuksa esa r; dhA phu us ;g dne ;wjksi ls vius O;kikfjd fj'rs dks vkSj çxk<+ djus ds fy;s mBk;k gSA

phu ds f'kuft;kax esa fLFkr baVjus'kuy deksfMVh gc ;how ls pydj ;g Vªsu phu] dtkfdLrku] :l] csyk:l] iksySaM] teZuh] csfYt;e vkSj Úk¡l gksdj yanu igq¡phA vHkh bl :V ij ekyxkfM+;ksa ds ifjpkyu dh vuqefr nh xbZ gSA ;g Vªsu 16 tuojh dks yanu ds ckfd±x ÚsV VfeZuy igq¡ph rFkk yanu ls okil vkus esa bls 21 fnu dk le; yxkA phu&;wjks ekyxkM+h lsok ls tqM+us okyk yanu ;wjksi dk 15ok¡ 'kgj gSA

bl çdkj dh Vªsuksa ds pyus ls gokbZ tgk”k ls 50 çfr'kr de •pZ esa lkeku dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg Hkstk tk ldsxk vkSj vxj leqæh ekxZ ls bldh rqyuk dh tk, rks vkèks le; esa lkeku dks yanu igq¡pk;k tk ldsxkA vius fu;kZr dks e”kcwrh nsus ds fy;s phu us Hkkjh&Hkjde •pZ okyk ;g dusfDVfoVh çkstsDV ykWUp fd;k gS ftlls og vklkuh ls ;wjksi esa viuk lkeku csp ldsxkA

6.2 ;wjksi

czsfDtVdsfy;sfczVsuusvuqPNsn50tkjhfd;k

fczVsu ljdkj us 26 tuojh dks laln esa elkSnk dkuwu çdkf'kr fd;k tks mls ;wjksih; la?k ls gVus dh çfØ;k dh 'kq#vkr djus dh vuqefr nsxkA ;wjksih; la?k (gVus dh vfèklwpuk) foèks;d gkml vkWiQ dkWeUl esa çdkf'kr gqvkA fczfV'k laln esa çdkf'kr lcls

NksVh vfèklwpukvksa (dsoy 137 'kCn) esa ls ,d crk, tkus okys nks micaèkksa okys bl foèks;d dk gkml esa igyk ikB ,d çfØ;kxr pj.k gS tks eqæ.k dh vuqefr nsrk gSA foèks;d esa dgk x;k gS] çèkkuea=kh ;wjksih; la?k ij lafèk ds vuqPNsn 50 (2) ds rgr ;wjksih; la?k ls fczVsu ds gVus dh ea'kk vfèklwfpr dj ldrh gSaA

�blls igys fczfV'k lokZsPp U;k;ky; us 24 tuojh dks ,d vkns'k ikfjr djrs gq, dgk fd fczVsu dh çèkkuea=kh Vsjslk es fczVsu dks ;wjksih; la?k ls ckgj fudkyus dh çfØ;k ,drjiQk <ax ls 'kq: ugha dj ldrha vkSj blds fy;s mUgsa laln dh ea”kwjh ysuh gksxhA

�bl iQSlys dk vFkZ ;g gS fd fczfV'k çèkkuea=kh fczVsu ds lkalnksa dh ea”kwjh gkfly fd;s fcuk vkfèkdkfjd :i ls czsfDtV djkj ij ;wjksih; la?k ds lkFk okrkZ 'kq: djus ds fy;s fyLcu lafèk ds vuqPNsn 50 dks çHkko esa ugha yk ldrhaA

�ljdkj us ;g rdZ fn;k Fkk fd mlds ikl vuqPNsn 50 dks çHkko esa ykus ds fy;s dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr;k¡ gSa ysfdu lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa us rhu ds eqdkcys vkB ds cgqer ls bls ukea”kwj dj fn;kA

�lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds vè;{k ykWMZ U;wcxZj us dgk fd ^rhu ds eqdkcys ds vkB ds cgqer ls ;g U;k;ky; vkns'k nsrk gS fd ljdkj laln dh ea”kwjh ds fcuk vuqPNsn 50 dks çHkko esa ugha yk ldrhA*

�ekeys ds vkfèkdkfjd vkns'k esa bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡pk x;k gS fd tuer laxzg ds ifj.kke dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy;s dkuwu esa ”k:jh cnyko fczfV'k lafoèkku esa fn;s x, çkoèkku ;kuh foèks;d oQs ”kfj;s gksuk pkfg;sA

�fofnr gks fd fczfV'k ljdkj fiNys lky uoacj esa czsfDtV fojksèkh dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dh

lelkef;dh


vkfFkZd ?kVukØe

vkfFkZd ?kVukØe77.1 Hkkjrh;vFkZO;oLFkk

çHkkohdaiuhçcaèkuLFkyfuèkkZj.kdsfy;sekxZn'khZfl¼kartkjh

fdlh daiuh dh vkoklh; fLFkfr dk fuèkkZj.k djus ds fy;s çHkkoh çcaèku LFky (Place of Effective Management – POEM) dh voèkkj.kk dks foÙk vfèkfu;e] 2015 }kjk is'k fd;k x;k FkkA ;g vfèkfu;e 1 vçSy] 2016 ls çHkkoh gS tks rn~uqlkj vkdyu o"kZ 2017-18 ls ykxw gksxkA ihvksbZ,e ds bu fn'kk&funZs'kksa dks fgrèkkjdksa vkSj vke turk dh fVIif.k;ksa dks vkeaf=kr djus ds fy;s lkoZtfud djds vkSj mlds ckn O;kid fopkj&foe'kZ djds vafre :i fn;k x;k gSA

fn'kk&funZs'kksadhçeq•fo'ks"krk,¡

�Hkkjr ls ckgj lfØ; O;kikj (Active Business Outside India–ABOI) ijh{k.k miyCèk djk;k x;k gS rkfd lfØ; O;kikj esa fyIr Hkkjr ls ckgj dh daifu;ksa dks blds rgr 'kkfey u fd;k tk ldsA

�blds ihNs vk'k; Hkkjrh; eYVhus'kuYl ij y{; lkèkuk ugha gSA bldk vk'k; mu daifu;ksa ij fu'kkuk lkèkuk gS ftuds l`tu dk mís'; Hkkjr ls ckgj dh vk; dks vius ikl j•uk gS] ;|fi bu daifu;ksa dk okLrfod fu;a=k.k vkSj dk;ks± dk çcaèku Hkkjr esa fLFkr gksrk gSA

�bl ckr ij tksj fn;k gS fd bu fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk mís'; dsoy Hkkjr esa LFkk;h çfr"Bku ;k O;kikfjd lacaèk gksus ds vkèkkj ij gh bu daifu;ksa dks fons'kh daifu;ksa ds rgr ykuk ;k mudh oSf'od vk; ij dj yxkuk ugha gSA

�fdlh djnkrk ds ekeys esa ihvksbZ,e ds fy;s tk¡p 'kq: djus ls igys fuèkkZj.k vfèkdkjh çèkku vk;qDr vk;dj@vk;dj vk;qDr ls eatwjh ysxkA

�bl rF; dks i;kZIr ç'kklfud lqj{kk mik;ksa ds fy;s fn'kkfunZs'kks a esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

�fuèkkZj.k vfèkdkjh ;g fuèkkZj.k djus ls iwoZ fd ,d vfuoklh daiuh dk ihvksbZ,e Hkkjr esa gS] vk;dj ds çèkku vk;qDrksa ds dkWysft;e ls Hkh vuqeksnu çkIr djsxkA

�;g Hkh fu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd ihvksbZ,e fn'kkfunZs'k mu daifu;ksa ij ykxw ugha gksaxs ftudk VuZvk soj ;k ldy çkfIr;k ¡ ,d foÙkh; o"kZ esa ` 50 djksM+ ;k mlls de gSaA

�;g fLFkfr Li"V djus ds fy;s fd D;k ihvksbZ,e ykxw gksxk ;k ugha] bl ckjs esa bu fn'kkfunZs'kksa esa dqN mnkgj.k Hkh fn;s x, gSaA

th,lVhesanksgjsfu;a=k.kijdsaævkSjjkT;ksaesalgefrcuh

dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp 16 tuojh dks foÙk ea=kh v#.k tsVyh dh vè;{krk esa th,lVh dkmafly dh cSBd ds ckn ^nksgjs fu;a=k.k* vkSj xqM~l VSDl ij vfèkdkj dks ysdj lkekU; lgefr cu xbZA dsaæ vkSj jkT; ds chp bu nks eqíksa ij xgjk erHksn Fkk vkSj bl otg ls th,lVh ds eqís ij vkxs c<+us esa dfBukbZ vk jgh FkhA vc laHkkouk gS fd th,lVh 1 tqykbZ ls ykxw gks ldrk gS] bls igys 1 vçSy ls ykxw gksuk FkkA

�dsaæ ljdkj jkT; ljdkjksa ds nksgjs fu;a=k.k* vkSj ç'kklfud] ys•k vkSj vkdyu lacaèkh 'kfDr;ksa ds] nksuksa ljdkjksa ds chp foHkktu dh ekax ij lger gks xbZ gSA vc th,lVh ij dsaæ vkSj jkT; nksuksa ljdkjksa dk fu;a=k.k gksxkA

�th,lVh ykxw gksus ij okf"kZd 1.5 djksM+ rd dk dkjksckj djus okys dj fuèkkZfjrh esa ls 90 çfr'kr dk ewY;kadu jkT; ljdkjsa djsaxh] tcfd 'ks"k 10 çfr'kr dk ewY;kadu dsaæ ljdkj djsxhA

� 1.5 djksM+ ls vfèkd okf"kZd dkjksckj okys O;olkf;;ksa esa ls 50 çfr'kr dsaæ vkSj 50 çfr'kr jkT;ksa ds vfèkdkj {ks=k esa vk,axsA

lelkef;dh


foKku vkSj rduhd

foKku vkSj rduhd88.1 varfj{k

phudkigykO;kolkf;dvarfj{kvfHk;ku

phu us vius okf.kfT;d varfj{k fe'ku ds rgr de ykxr okys dstsM&1, (dqvkbZ>ksm&1,) jkWdsV ds mUur laLdj.k dk bLrseky djrs gq, 7 tuojh dks rhu mixzg varfj{k esa HkstsA ;g u, jkWdsV ls phu dk igyk O;kolkf;d varfj{k fe'ku gSA

�if'peksÙkj phu ds xkalq çkar fLFkr ftD;wu lsVsykbV ykWUp lsaVj ls ;g jkWdsV ç{ksfir fd;k x;kA

�;g vius lkFk ts,y&1 mixzg vkSj nks D;wclSV ,DlokbZ&,l1 o dSVksu&1 ysdj jokuk gqvkA

�de ykxr okys dstsM&1, jkWdsV esa Bksl b±èku dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

�;g jkWdsV 300 fdyks o”ku rd ds mixzgksa dks fuEu d{kk esa igq¡pkus ds fy;s rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA

�ts,y&1 nwj&laosnh mixzg gSA bldk mi;ksx Hkwfe lalkèku] oU; loZs] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vkSj cpko esa fd;k tk,xkA

�,DlokbZ&,l1 o dSVksu&1 çk;ksfxd mixzg gSaA bUgsa fuEu d{kk esa rduhdh ijh{k.k ds fy;s Hkstk x;k gSA

tkikuusfd;kBkslç.kksndjkWdsVdkç{ksi.k

tkikuh varfj{k ,tsalh us Epsilon-2 uked 26 iQqV yacs jkWdsV dk gky gh esa liQyrkiwoZd ç{ksi.k fd;kA ;g jkWdsV ,d mixzg dks ysdj x;k tks d{kk esa fofdj.k csYV ds vè;;u esa lgk;rk djsxkA Epsilon-2 ubZ ih<+h ds Bksl ç.kksnd jkWdsV dk ,d fgLlk gS tks ç{ksi.k dh ykxr dks ,d&frgkbZ

de dj ldrk gSA ykxr de gksus ls fofHkUu ns'k varfj{k esa vkSj vfèkd lapkj ,oa ekSle mixzgksa dks LFkkfir dj ldrs gSaA

D;kgSBkslç.kksndfofèk\

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ikuh ds vanj ;k lrg ij rkjihMks ds lkFk&lkFk iksr&jksèkh felkbyksa ls okj djus vkSj jMkj ls cp fudyus dh mRÑ"V {kerk ls ySl LdkWihZu Js.kh dh nwljh iuMqCch •kansjh dk 12 tuojh dks e>xk¡o MkWd f'kifcYMlZ fyfeVsM (,eMh,y) esa tykorj.k fd;k x;kA ;gk¡ iuMqCch dks ml iWUVwu ls vyx fd;k x;k] ftl ij mlds fofHkUu fgLlksa dks tksM+dj ,dhÑr fd;k x;k FkkA

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lcls”;knkxeZjgk2016

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çèkkuea=kh us dgk fd ,f'k;k esa lcls rhoz mrkj&p<+ko gks jgk gS vkSj blh {ks=k esa dbZ ,sls {ks=k gSa tgk¡ O;kid çxfr vkSj le`f¼ gks jgh gSA blfy;s {ks=k esa lqj{kk <k¡pk •qyk] ikjn'khZ] larqfyr vkSj lekos'kh gksuk pkfg;sA vkSj bls varjkZ"Vªh; fu;eksa esa fufgr O;ogkjksa vkSj okrkZ dks çksRlkfgr djus ds lkFk lEçHkqrk dk lEeku djus okyk gksuk pkfg;sA

viQxkfuLrku ds eqís ij ujsaæ eksnh us dgk fd nwjh vkSj vkokxeu esa dfBukb;ksa ds ckotwn iqufuZekZ.k] laLFkkvksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj {kerk mUu;u esa Hkkjr lg;ksx ns jgk gSA

viQxkfuLrku ds laln Hkou dk fuekZ.k vkSj Hkkjr viQxkfuLrku nksLrh ckaèk gekjs c<+rs lacaèkksa ds mnkgj.k gSaA

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tEew&d'ehj ds ckn vc mÙkj Hkkjr esa fgekpy nks jktèkkfu;ksa okyk nwljk çns'k gksxkA eq[;ea=kh ohjHkæ flag us èkeZ'kkyk dks fgekpy çns'k dh nwljh jktèkkuh ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA mYys•uh; gS fd fczfV'k bafM;k dh xzh"edkyhu jktèkkuh jgh f'keyk orZeku esa fgekpy izns'k dh jktèkkuh gSA èkeZ'kkyk dk viuk vyx egÙo rFkk bfrgkl gS vkSj ;g çns'k dh nwljh jktèkkuh cuus ds fy;s mi;qDr LFky gSA fgekpy çns'k ds fupys {ks=kksa] ftlesa dkaxM+k] pEck] gehjiqj rFkk Åuk f”kys Hkh 'kkfey gSa] ds fy;s èkeZ'kkyk dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA èkeZ'kkyk èkeZxq# nykbZ ykek dk fuokl LFkku Hkh gS rFkk fo'oHkj ls yksx ;gk¡ vkrs gSaA

fnlEcj 2005 esa f'keyk ls ckgj igyh ckj fgekpy çns'k foèkkulHkk dk iw.kZ 'khrdkyhu l=k vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA riksou esa igys gh ls foèkkulHkk Hkou dk;Z dj jgk gSA èkeZ'kkyk esa 2005 ds ckn ls fgekpy çns'k foèkkulHkk ds 12 'khrdkyhu foèkkulHkk l=kksa dks vk;ksftr fd;k tk pqdk gSA

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gfj;k.kkesafyaxkuqikr20lkyesaigyhckj900rdigq¡pk

gfj;k.kk esa ^csVh cpkvks&csVh i<+kvks* eqfge dk ldkjkRed vlj ns•us dks feyk gSA ,d uohure fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj çns'k ds 12 f”kyksa esa L=kh&iq#"k fyaxkuqikr 900 çfr g”kkj ls Åij gks x;k gSA fljlk f”kys esa ;g fyaxkuqikr 999 çfr 1000 gSA çns'k esa 15 lky esa igyh ckj fyaxkuqikr 905 ij igq¡pk gSA fiNys ,d lky esa uoEcj dks NksM+dj 'ks"k esa fyaxkuqikr esa of¼ gqbZ gSA dSFky f”kys dks NksM+dj çns'k ds gj f”kys esa fyaxkuqikr esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA esokr tSls fiNM+s bykds esa fyaxkuqikr 952 çfr 1000 igq¡p pqdk gSA fofnr gks fd 2001 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj gfj;k.kk esa fyaxkuqikr 1000:861 Fkk] tcfd 2011 dh tux.kuk esa ;g 1000:879 gks x;k FkkA

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dukZVd ljdkj us jkT; ds futh {ks=k esa LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa ds fy;s 'kr&çfr'kr vkj{k.k miyCèk djkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA jkT; ds Je foHkkx us 1961 ds dukZVd vkS|ksfxd jks”kxkj (LFkk;h vkns'k) ds fu;eksa esa la'kksèku dj elkSnk tkjh fd;k gSA

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HkkjrioZdkvk;kstu

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� i;ZVu ea=kky; dks bl dk;ZØe ds fy;s uksMy ea=kky; ds :i esa ukfer fd;k x;kA

� bl vk;kstu esa x.kra=k fnol ijsM dh >k¡dh] l'kL=k cyksa ds cSaM }kjk çLrqfr (fLFkj vkSj pfyr)] iQwM&dksVZ] f'kYi esyk] ns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa }kjk lkaLÑfrd çLrqfr vkSj lwpuk vkSj çlkj.k ea=kky; }kjk ,d iQksVks çn'kZuh dks çnf'kZr fd;k x;kA

� lkaLÑfrd çLrqfr;ksa esa ns'kHkj ds yksdu`R;@vkfnoklh uR; vkSj laxhr dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA buesa mRrj {ks=kh; lkaLÑfrd {ks=k ds lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu jkT;ksa@dsUæ'kkflr çns'kksa ds lkaLÑfrd nyksa }kjk çLrqfr;k¡ nh xb±A

� iQwM&dksVZ esa jkT;ksa@dsUæ 'kkflr çns'kksa] us'kuy ,lksfl,'ku vkWiQ LVªhV osaMlZ vkWiQ bafM;k (,u,,lohvkbZ) ds 50 LVkWy yxk, x,] ftuesa fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds O;atu miyCèk FksA

� f'kYi esys esa 50 ls ”;knk LVkWy yxk, x,] ftuesa ns'k dh gLrf'kYi fofoèkrk dks çnf'kZr fd;k x;k FkkA bldk çcaèku jkT; ljdkjksa rFkk oL=k ea=kky; ds }kjk gLrf'kYi fodkl vk;qDr ds dk;kZy; ds ekè;e ls fd;k x;k FkkA

� bl volj ij lwpuk vkSj çlkj.k ea=kky; us esjk ns'k cny jgk gS] vkxs c<+ jgk gS* ij ,d iQksVks çn'kZuh dks çnf'kZr fd;kA

nlok¡t;iqjlkfgR;egksRlo

gky gh esa jktLFkku dh jktèkkuh t;iqj esa ns'k nqfu;k esa çfl¼ gks pqds ik¡p fnolh; t;iqj lkfgR; egksRlo dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl lekxe esa fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa ds ys•dksa rFkk lkfgR;dkjksa us Hkkx fy;kA ik¡p fnolh; bl lkfgR; egksRlo esa lkfgR; ds lkFk jktuhfr] vFkZ'kkL=k] laLÑfr] Hkk"kk] vuqokn] flusek] dyk vkSj gj ml {ks=k ij ppkZ gqbZ tks thou dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

bl ckj egksRlo esa 176 l=k gq,] ftuesa xqytkj] çlwu tks'kh vkSj tkosn v[rj tSls dfoµxhrdkj 'kkfey gq,A lkfgR; egksRlo esa 'ksDlfi;j ij ckr gqbZ rks dkfynkl vkSj çsepan ij Hkh ppkZ gqbZA nqfu;k dks vfèkdkjksa dk nLrkost nsus okys ¶eSXuk dkVkZ¸ ij Hkh ,d l=k vk;ksftr gqvkA

lkfgR; egksRlo esa lkekftd dk;ZdÙkkZ v#.kk jkW;] i;kZoj.k ij ckr djus ds fy;s lquhrk ukjk;.k] [oktk xjhc uokt vkSj lwiQhokn ij ppkZ ds fy;s lkfn;k nsgyoh ekStwn FkhaA bl ckj egksRlo esa ukjh foe'kZ vkSj vfèkdkjksa ij ppkZ ds fy;s efgyk ysf•dkvksa dh vPNh&•klh fgLlsnkjh jghA

nfyr eqíksa vkSj lkfgR; ij Hkh t;iqj egksRlo esa foe'kZ gqvkA t;iqj ds fMXxh iSysl esa vk;ksftr gksus okyk ;g egksRlo vc rd 1300 oDrkvksa vkSj 12 yk• yksxksa dh estckuh dj pqdk gSA 10 lky igys o"kZ 2006 esa tc igyh ckj fMXxh iSysl esa t;iqj lkfgR; egksRlo dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ rks 18 lkfgR;dkjksa us blesa Hkkx fy;k Fkk vkSj yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkh NksVh FkhA

28ok¡naruxzkeh.kesyk

Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr ç.kc eq•thZ us 19 tuojh dks if'pe caxky ds if'peh fenukiqj esa 28osa naru xzkeh.k esyk 2017 dk mn~?kkVu fd;kA bl volj ij jk"Vªifr us dgk fd naru xzkeh.k esyk tSls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa vk;ksftr gksus okys fofHkUu dk;ZØe yksxksa ds chp HkkbZpkjk] ln~Hkko vkSj 'kkafriw.kZ lg;ksx c<+kus dk dk;Z djrs gSaA ;s dk;ZØe xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ds vuar Kku vkSj lekt ds fofHkUu oxks± ds chp c<+rh nksLrh dks çfrfcafcr djrs gSaA

dPNdkj.kegksRlo

xqtjkr ds dPN dk liQsn j.k viuh •wclwjrh ds fy;s nqfu;kHkj esa yksdfç; gks

dyk&laLÏfr12

lelkef;dh


[ksy ?kVukØe

[ksy ?kVukØe13vkWLVªsfy;kbZvksiuVsful

iq#"k ,dy% fLoV~”kjySaM ds jkstj iQsMjj us esycuZ ikdZ ds jkWM ysoj ,jsuk esa •sys x, f•rkch eqdkcys esa Lisu ds jkiQsy uMky dks ijkftr dj vkWLVªsfy;u vksiu Vsful çfr;ksfxrk esa iq#"k ,dy dk f•rkc thr fy;kA bl VwukZesaV esa ;g mudh ik¡poha ckj f•rkch thr FkhA bl gkj ls jkiQsy uMky viuk 15ok¡ xzSaM LySe f•rkc thrus ls pwd x,] tcfd fLoV~”kjySaM ds jkstj iQsMjj rhu xzSaM LySe VwukZesaV dks ik¡p ;k ik¡p ls vfèkd ckj thrus okys igys Vsful f•ykM+h cu x,A mUgksaus ik¡p ;w,l vksiu] ik¡p vkWLVªsfy;u vksiu vkSj lkr foacyMu f•rkc thrs gSaA

iQsMjj us ik¡p o"kZ ds varjky ds ckn dksbZ xzSaM LySe thrk gSA mUgksaus 2012 esa foacyMu f•rkc thrk FkkA iQsMjj us blls igys 2010 esa vkWLVªsfy;u vksiu f•rkc thrk FkkA

efgyk ,dy% vesfjdk dh lsjsuk fofy;El us viuh cgu ohul fofy;El dks vkWLVªsfy;k vksiu ds efgyk ,dy iQkbuy esa gjkdj LVsiQh xzkiQ dks ihNs NksM+rs gq, fjdkWMZ 23ok¡ xzSaMLySe f•rkc thrkA blds lkFk gh og nqfu;k dh uacj ,d efgyk ,dy f•ykM+h Hkh cu xbZA ,atsfyd dcZj us fiNys lky flracj esa lsjsuk ds lk<+s rhu lky rd 'kh"kZ ij cus jgus ds Øe dks rksM+k FkkA

lsjsuk us esycuZ ikdZ ij lkrok¡ f•rkc thrus ds lkFk vksiu ;qx esa lokZfèkd xzSaM LySe f•rkc dk fjdkWMZ Hkh vius uke fd;kA mUgksaus viuk igyk f•rkc thrus ds yxHkx 18 lky ckn ;g miyfCèk gkfly dhA 35 o"khZ; lsjsuk us LVsiQh ds 22 xzSaMLySe f•rkc dh cjkcjh fiNys lky foacyMu ds nkSjku dh Fkh vkSj vc og ekjxzsV dksVZ ds loZdkfyd 24 xzSaMLySe f•rkc ls fliQZ ,d f•rkc ihNs gSaA rsjgoha ojh; ohul us 36 o"kZ dh vk;q esa 2009 ds ckn igyh ckj fdlh xzSaMLySe ds iQkbuy esa txg cukbZ FkhA blls igys og 2009 esa foacyMu ds iQkbuy esa igq¡ph FkhA

fefJr;qxy% o"kZ ds igys xzSaM LySe vkWLVªsfy;u vksiu ds fefJr ;qxy iQkbuy esa lkfu;k fetkZ vkSj boku MksfMx dh tksM+h dks vesfjdh ,fcxsy Lih;lZ vkSj dksyafc;k ds tqvku lscsfLV;u dkcsy dh tksM+h us gjk;kA lkfu;k&boku dh tksM+h dk ;g nwljk xzSaM LySe iQkbuy FkkA os blls igys fiNys lky Úsap vksiu esa fy,aMj isl vkSj ekfVZuk fgafxl dh tksM+h ls Hkh ijkftr gks pqds gSaA

bl ijkt; ls lkfu;k fetkZ viuk 7ok¡ xzSaM LySe f•rkc thrus ls oafpr jg xbZaA ;g lkfu;k dk vkWLVªsfy;u vksiu esa nwljk feDLM McYl iQkbuy FkkA blls igys og Hkkjr ds gh egs'k Hkwifr ds lkFk 2009 esa ;g f•rkc thr pqdh gSaA lkfu;k us rhu feDLM McYl f•rkc thrs gSaA mUgksaus bl oxZ esa vkf•jh f•rkc 2014 esa czkthy ds C:uks lksjsl ds lkFk vesfjdk vksiu ds rkSj ij thrk FkkA lkfu;k ds ikl dqy 6 xzSaM LySe f•rkc gSa] ftlesa ls 3 fefJr ;qxy vkSj 3 efgyk ;qxy ds f•rkc 'kkfey gSaA

xqtjkrusthrhj.kthVªkWiQh

iQkbuy eqdkcys esa dIrku ikfFkZo iVsy ds 'kkunkj 'krd dh enn ls xqtjkr us 41 ckj pSafi;u jgs eqacbZ dks 5 fodsV ls gjkdj igyh ckj j.kth VªkWiQh ij dC”kk fd;kA blh ds lkFk og j.kth VªkWiQh thrus okyh 17oha Vhe cu xbZA xqtjkr us thr ds fy;s j•s x, 312 ju ds y{; dks 5 fodsV •ksdj gkfly dj fy;kA dIrku ikfFkZo iVsy us 195 xsanksa esa 24 pkSdksa dh enn ls 143 ju dh ikjh •syhA j.kth bfrgkl esa ikfFkZo iVsy dk eqacbZ ds f•ykiQ ;g ik¡pok 'krd FkkA mUgsa eSu vkWiQ n eSp iqjLdkj Hkh fn;k x;kA

blds lkFk&lkFk xqtjkr us j.kth iQkbuy esa lcls cM+s y{; dk liQyrkiwoZd ihNk djus dk fjdkWMZ Hkh cuk fn;kA blls igys 1937&38 esa gSnjkckn vkSj uokuxj ds chp

•sys x, iQkbuy esa gSnjkckn us 310 ju ds y{; dk ihNk djrs gq, VªkWiQh ij dC”kk fd;k FkkA

fczLcsuVsfulçfr;ksfxrk

Hkkjr dh 'kh"kZ efgyk Vsful LVkj lkfu;k fetkZ us fczLcsu vksiu esa efgyk ;qxy oxZ dk f•rkc thr fy;kA lkfu;k us vesfjdk dh viuh tksM+hnkj csFkkuh ekVsd lsM~l ds lkFk iQkbuy eqdkcys esa ,dkrsfjuk edkjksok vkSj ,yhuk osfLuuk dh :lh tksM+h dks lhèks ijkftr dj l=k dk igyk f•rkc thrkA ysfdu lkfu;k fetkZ dks bl f•rkch thr dk jSafdax esa iQk;nk ugha feyk vkSj chrs 91 lIrkg ls 'kh"kZ ij py jgha lkfu;k fetkZ nwljs uacj ij f•ld xb±A 'kh"kZ LFkku ij mudh tksM+hnkj ekVsd lsM~l vk xbZ gSaA

jksukYMkscusiQhiQkIys;jvkWiQnbZ;j

T;wfj[k esa vk;ksftr iQhiQk iQqVckWy vokWM~lZ esa fØfLV;kuks jksukYMks dks lky ds loZJs"B f•ykM+h dk iqjLdkj fn;k x;kA mUgksaus ;g iqjLdkj pkSFkh ckj thrk gSA iqrZxky ds dIrku vkSj fj;ky eSfMªM ds LVkj f•ykM+h jksukYMks] fy;ksusy esLlh vkSj ,aVkWbu xzhteSu dks gjkdj 2016 ds iQhiQk csLV Iys;j cusA jksukYMks ds fy;s ;g 2016 dk nwljk VkWi vokMZ FkkA blls igys mUgksaus fnlacj 2016 esa cSyu fM vksj lEeku thrk FkkA

èkksuhus,dfnolh;vkSjVh&20dhdIrkuhNksM+h

ns'k ds lcls liQy fØdsV dIrku egsaæ flag èkksuh us vçR;kf'kr dne mBkrs gq, 4 tuojh dks Hkkjrh; Vhe ds lhfer vksojksa ds dIrku dk in NksM+ fn;kA Hkkjr dks 2 fo'o di vkSj pSafi;Ul VªkWiQh ftrkus okys 35 o"khZ; èkksuh us baXySaM ds f•ykiQ ,dfnolh; lhjh”k

lelkef;dh


ppkZ esa

ppkZ esa14egÙoiw.kZfnol

fo'oczsyfnol(4tuojh)

çfro"kZ 4 tuojh dks fo' o czsy fnol dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA n`f"Vckfèkr yksxksa ds fy;s czsy fyfi ds vkfo" dkjd yqbZ czsy ds tU efnol ij ;g fnu euk;k tkrk gSA yqbZ czsy dsoy 3 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ,d nq?kZVuk esa viuh vk¡•sa •ks pqds Fks] ysfdu mUgksaus fu;fr ls gkj ugha ekuhA mUgksaus u dsoy vius fy;s] cfYd nqfu;kHkj ds n`f"Vghuksa dh lgk;rk ds fy;s mHkkj] fcUnqvksa vkSj ladsrksa ls cuh czsy fyfi dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA mudh bl vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ekuoh; miyfCèk dks js•kafdr rFkk lEekfur djus ds fy;s gj lky ;g fnu euk;k tkrk gSA

czsy flLVe ,d rjg dh fyfi gS] ftldks nqfu;kHkj esa us=kghuksa dks i<+us vkSj fy•us esa Nwdj O;ogkj esa yk;k tkrk gSA ;g vyx&vyx v{kjksa] la[;kvksa vkSj fojkefpUgksa dks n'kkZrh gSA Úk¡l ds us=kghu ys•d yqbZ czsy dks ;g vkbfM;k usiksfy;u ds ml dksM ls vk;k] ftlesa yM+kbZ ds nkSjku jkr dks vaèksjs esa lSfud fcuk dqN cksys viuh ckr ,d&nwljs rd igq¡pk nsrs FksA bls ukbV jkbfVax ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA

cukoV% blesa çR;sd vk;rkdkj lsy esa 6 MkWV~l gksrs gSa] tks FkksM+s&FkksM+s mHkjs gksrs gSaA ;g nks iafDr;ksa esa cuh gksrh gSA bl vkdkj esa vyx&vyx 64 v{kjksa dks cuk;k tk ldrk gSA lsy dh ckb± iafDr esa mQij ls uhps 1,2,3 cus gksrs gSaA blh rjg nkb± vksj 4,5,6 cus gksrs gSaA ,d MkWV dh vkSlru Å¡pkbZ 0.02 bap gksrh gSA

i<+usdhrduhd% czsy fLØIV dks i<+us ds fy;s us=kghuksa esa bruk Kku gksuk vko';d gS fd os viuh maxyh dks fofHkUu fn'kkvksa esa lsy ij ?kqek ldsaA gkyk¡fd nqfu;kHkj esa bldks i<+us dk dksbZ ekud rjhdk ugha gSA czsy fLØIV dks LysV ij Hkh ç;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA blds vykok bls czsy Vk bi

jkbVj ij Hkh çLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vc czsy fLØIV dks 8 MkWV~l ds lsy esa fodflr dj fn;k x;k gS rkfd us=kghuksa dks vfèkd ls vfèkd 'kCnksa dks i<+us dh lqfoèkk miyCèk gks ldsA bl vkB MkWV~l okys czsy fLØIV lsy esa vc 64 dh ctk; 256 v{kj] la[;k vkSj fojkefpÉksa dks i<+ ldus dh lqfoèkk miyCèk gSA gkyk¡fd czsy fLØIV us=kghuksa ds i<+us vkSj fy• ldus ds mik; dk igyk vè;k; ugha jgk gSA blls igys Hkh 17oha 'krkCnh esa bVyh ds tslwV ÚkaflLdks ykuk us us=kghuksa ds fy•us&i<+us dks ysdj dkiQh ç;kl fd;s gSaA

fo'ofganhfnol(10tuojh)

jk"Vªh;rk dk Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ds lkFk cgqr gh ?kfu"B vkSj xgjk lacaèk gS& MkW- jktsUæ çlkn

fo'o esa fgUnh çpkfjr&çlkfjr djus ds mís'; ls fo'o fgUnh lEesyu dk vk;kstu vkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA çFke fo'o fgUnh lEesyu 10 tuojh] 1975 dks ukxiqj esa vk;ksftr gqvk FkkA vr% 10 tuojh dk fnu gh fo'o fgUnh fnol ds :i esa eukus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA Hkkjr ds iwoZ çèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag us 10 tuojh] 2006 dks çfro"kZ 10 tuojh dk fnu fo'o fgUnh fnol ds :i euk, tkus dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA fo'o fgUnh fnol dk mís'; fo'o esa fgUnh ds çpkj&çlkj ds fy;s okrkoj.k fufeZr djuk] fgUnh ds çfr vuqjkx iSnk djuk] fgUnh dh n'kk ds fy;s tkx:drk iSnk djuk rFkk fgUnh dks fo'o Hkk"kk ds :i esa çLrqr djuk gSA

jk"Vªh;;qokfnol(12tuojh)

gj o"kZ 12 tuojh dks Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; ;qok fnol (Lokeh foosdkuan tUe fnol) euk;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªh; ;qok fnol ds :i esa Lokeh foosdkuan ds tUe fnol dks eukus ds fy;s 1984 esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk bls igyh ckj ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA 1985 ls ns'kHkj esa jk"Vªh; ;qok fnol vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA

;qokfnolksadhFkhe

�2011& lcls igys Hkkjr�2012& fofoèkrk esa ,drk dk t'u

�2013& ;qok 'kfDr dh tkx:drk

�2014& MªXl eqDr lalkj ds fy;s ;qok

�2015& ;axeap vkSj LoPN] gjs vkSj çxfr'khy Hkkjr ds fy;s ;qok (bldk vkn'kZ okD; Fkk& ^gels gS ubZ 'kq#vkr*)

�2016& fodkl] dkS'ky vkSj ln~Hkko ds fy;s Hkkjrh; ;qokA

2017 esa 21osa jk"Vªh; ;qok egksRlo dk vk;kstu 12 ls 16 tuojh rd gfj;k.kk ds jksgrd esa fd;k x;kA bl o"kZ Hkkjr ljdkj us fMftVyhdj.k vkSj dkS'ky fodkl ds {ks=k dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, ;qok egksRlo dh Fkhe ^fMftVy bafM;k ds fy;s ;qok* j•hA bldk y{; esd bu bafM;k* vkSj çèkkuea=kh ds ;qok usr`Ro fodkl* ds fo”ku ds fy;s ?kksf"kr jk"Vªh; y{; dks lkdkj djuk gSA

lsukfnol(15tuojh)

Hkkjr us 15 tuojh] 2017 dks 69ok¡ lsuk fnol euk;kA ;g fnol] 15 tuojh] 1949 esa igys Hkkjrh; dekaMj bu phiQ iQhYM ek'kZy ds-,e- dfj;Iik }kjk lsuk dh deku fczfV'k tujy jkW; cqpj ls laHkkyus dk çrhd gSA ;g fnol mu lkglh vkSj cgknqj Hkkjrh; lSfudksa dks J¼katfy vkSj lykeh nsus ds fy;s euk;k tkrk gS ftUgksaus ns'k dh j{kk ds fy;s vius thou dk R;kx dj fn;kA

x.kra=kfnol(26tuojh)

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dks lEeku nsus ds fy;s 26 tuojh dks iwjs lEeku ds lkFk gj o"kZ Hkkjr esa x.kra=k fnol euk;k tkrk gS D;ksafd vkt gh ds fnu 1950 esa lafoèkku ykxw gqvk FkkA bl fnu Hkkjrh; lafoèkku us 1935 ds vfèkfu;e dks cnydj Lo;a dks Hkkjr ds lapkyd nLrkos”k ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k FkkA 2017 esa Hkkjr us viuk 68ok¡ x.kra=k fnol euk;kA x.kra=k fnol 2017 ds eq[;

i=&if=dkvksa dk lkj


n ftLVmi;ksxh i=&if=dkvksa ds ys[kksa dk lkj

lkbal fjiksVZj

nukfHkdh; dpjs ls ghjk cSVjh dk fuekZ.k

n ef.kiqj dh rSjrh gqbZ >hy

n ltho tM+ksa ls cus iqy % ,saBu okyh tM+ksa ls curs e”kcwr iqy

n fgUnw

n vkj{k.k ij lkekftd lgefr dk vHkko

n Hkkjr ds vrhr dk ,d iUUkk

n ,d xyr fn'kk dh vksj tkrk vf/dkj fo/s;d

n fdrus O;kogkfjd gSa udnh ls Hkjs gq, cSad\

n foeqæhdj.k ,oa y?kq o eè;e m|ksx dh leL;k,¡

n Hkkjr ds gfjr Hkfo"; dk fuekZ.k vkSj ^gfjr ckWUM*

n Hkkjr esa ySafxd vlekurk vkSj ^tsaMj ctfVax*

n jsfVuk lacaèkh chekjh dk bykt % u, vuqlaèkku

n tkiku ds fy;s Lokxr djus dk le;

bdkWufed ,aM iksfyfVdy ohdyh

n fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds vfèkdkj foèks;d dh vkykspukRed

leh{kk

n U;kf;d lqèkkjksa dh iqudZYiuk

n lwpuk ds vfèkdkj dkuwu (vkjVhvkbZ) ds X;kjg o"kks± dk

voyksdu

n vkRegR;k ds vk¡dM+ksa esa deh ykuk

n ty ç'kklu

n FkMZ fMxzh ds lanHkZ esa

Mkmu Vw vFkZ

n lkSj ÅtkZ ds ç;ksx dk le;

n uekfe xaxs esa [kkfe;k¡

n 'kkafr dh xwat (lkbysaV oSyh us'kuy ikdZ )

n fMftVy ck;ksik;jslh

i=&if=dkvksa dk lkj


bdkWufed ,aM iksfyfVdy ohdyhbdkWufed ,aM iksfyfVdy ohdyh if=kdk ds 17] 24] 31 fnlacj] 2016 rFkk

7 tuojh] 2017 vad esa izdkf'kr oqQN egÙoiw.kZ ys[kksa dk lkj

fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds vf/kdkj

foèks;d dh vkykspukRed leh{kk

fnlacj 2016 esa laln }kjk ^fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds vfèkdkj* foèks;d ikfjr fd;k x;kA bl dkuwu esa blds igys vk, laLdj.k] fodykax O;fDr vfèkfu;e] 1995 dh rqyuk esa dqN vkèkkjHkwr lqèkkj fd;s x, gSa] tSlsµ blesa 40% dh U;wure fodykaxrk dh lhek esa vkus okys yksxksa ds ctk; lHkh ih-MCY;w-Mh- (ilZUl fon fMlsfcfyVh ;k fodykax O;fDr) dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA lkekftd lqj{kk vkSj vfèkd lgk;rk vko';drkvksa dk çkoèkku gS] ekufld :i ls fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds vfHkHkkod lEcUèkh eqís dk lekèkku fn;k x;k gS vkSj dsaæ ljdkj dks bl vuqlwph esa fodykaxrk dh vU; Jsf.k;k¡ lfEefyr djus ds fy;s l{ke cuk;k x;k gSA

2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 2.68 djksM+ (tula[;k dk 2.21%) ih-MCY;w-Mh- gSaA pw¡fd 1995 ds vfèkfu;e esa fodykaxrk dh dsoy lkr Jsf.k;k¡ Fkha] blfy;s ;g vk¡dM+k bruk de gSA u, la'kksèkuksa }kjk bl foèks;d ds varxZr 21 voLFkkvksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS (vkSj lkFk gh igys 'kkfey u fd;s x, tEew vkSj d'ehj dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA) blls fuf'pr rkSj ij gekjs ns'k esa ih-MCY;w-Mh- dh la[;k esa o`f¼ gksxhA

miyfCèk;k¡ vkSj vulqy>s eqís

� bu la'kksèkuksa esa loZçFke rks la;qDr jk"Vª fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds vfèkdkj vfHkle; (ftldh Hkkjr us Hkh vfHkiqf"V dh Fkh) ds vkèkkj ij fodykaxrk ls lacafèkr HksnHkko ds fy;s ifjHkk"kk r; dh xbZ gSA

� gkyk¡fd] u rks ewy foèks;d esa vkSj u gh la'kksèkuksa esa HksnHkkoksa dks çfrcafèkr djus okys ml fookfnr micaèk ij dksbZ ppkZ dh xbZ gS tks ,d vLi"V viokn ds :i esa ,sls HksnHkko dh vuqefr nsrk gS] ;fn os ¶fdlh U;k;laxr y{; dh iwfrZ gsrq ;Fkksfpr lkèku gksa¸A bldk fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds vfèkdkjksa ds fy;s yM+us okys dk;ZdÙkkZvksa }kjk ?kksj fojksèk fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd ;g vius tSlh foospuk ds }kj •ksy nsrk gSA

� bu la'kksèkuksa esa ljdkjh çfr"Bkuksa esa fuf'pr fodykaxrk çfr'kr okyksa ds fy;s vkj{k.k dks ewy foèks;d esa fn;s x, 5% ls de djds 4% fd;k x;k gS (gkyk¡fd ;g 1995 ds vfèkfu;e esa fn;s x, 3% ls vfèkd gS)A ;|fi blesa vkj{k.k ds fy;s ekU; fodykaxrk voLFkkvksa dh Js.kh dks foLr`r fd;k x;k gSA xkSjryc gS fd bl lwph esa ls ¶okd ckèkk¸ dks gVk fn;k x;kA

� blds vfrfjDr] tcfd 2013 esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g fu.kZ; fn;k tk pqdk gS fd vkj{k.k dk çfr'kr fdlh dSMj fo'ks"k esa fjfDr;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds vkèkkj ij fuf'pr fd;k tk, u fd ljdkj }kjk fuf'pr fodykaxrk okys ofDr;ksa ds fy;s fuèkkZfjr inksa dks Hkjus ds vkèkkj ij] blds ckotwn bl foèks;d esa fuf'pr fodykaxrk okys O;fDr;ksa dks Hkjus ds vkèkkj ij gh vkj{k.k fuf'pr djus dh ckr dh xbZ gSA tc lnu esa foi{k }kjk bl ij loky

mBk, x, rks lkekftd U;k; ,oa vfèkdkfjrk ea=kh us nkok fd;k fd fu;eksa }kjk ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xk fd bl micaèk dk çHkko ^{kh.k* dj fn;k tk,A

� bu la'kksèkuksa esa ^çfr"Bkuksa* dh ifjHkk"kk dks Hkh foLrr fd;k x;k gS] ftlls ljdkjh çfr"Bkuksa ds lkFk blesa futh çfr"Bkuksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk,A

� gkyk¡fd] blesa ,d fofp=k çdkj ds micaèk ds rgr jks”kxkj esa HksnHkko&fojksèkh fu;e fliQZ ljdkjh izfr"Bkuksa ds fy;s vfuok;Z fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;g foèks;d futh m|ksxksa vkSj çfr"Bkuksa dks fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s fdlh Hkh çdkj ls vfèkd lqxE; ugha cukrk gSA bl dkj.k ,slk laHko gS fd futh dk;ZLFkyksa] ck”kkjksa] fFk,Vj] ,Vh,e tSls mu lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij fLFkfr T;ksa dh R;ksa cuh jgs tgk¡ igys ls fodykaxrk& vuqdwy volajpuk ekStwn ugha gSA

� blds lkFk gh ;g ftl rjg ih-MCY;w-Mh- ds fy;s fo'ks"k laLFkkuksa dks iathÑr djokus ds fy;s le; lhek ugha fuèkkZfjr djrk] mlh rjg fodykaxrk çek.ki=k tkjh djus dh le; lhek Hkh fuf'pr ugha dh xbZ gS (gkyk¡fd blesa fodykaxrk çek.ki=k ds ns'kHkj esa ekU; gksus dh ckr dh xbZ gS)A bl otg ls mu ih-MCY;w-Mh- ds fy;s dksbZ jkLrk rS;kj ugha gqvk gS tks o"kks± ls vius vfèkdkj dks ikus ds fy;s ukSdj'kkgh ds pDdj yxk jgs gSa o ihM+k vkSj vieku >sy jgs gSaA

� bl la'kksfèkr foèks;d esa lkoZtfud Hkouksa] lkoZtfud lsokvksa vkSj lqfoèkkvksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djds bUgsa fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s lqxE; cukus dh ckr dh xbZ gSA gkyk¡fd] bl foèks;d esa ih-MCY;w-Mh- dks tks ykHk nsus dh ea'kk j•h xbZ gS] mUgsa çnku djus dh fdlh jktuSfrd bPNk'kfDr

i=&if=dkvksa dk lkj


lkSj ÅtkZ ds ç;ksx dk le;

vkoklh; lkslkbVht] 'kkWfiax ekWy] m|ksx vkSj vU; dbZ {ks=k vfrfjÙkQ fo|qr dh vkiwfrZ (fctyh u jgus ij) ds fy;s Mhty ij fuHkZj djrs gSa] ysfdu muds ^fodsaæhÑr* mi;ksx ds dkj.k] mudh fuxjkuh djuk eqf'dy gSA dsUæh; fo|qr fu;ked vk;ksx* (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission- CERC) ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa Mhty tsujsVjksa }kjk fo|qr mRiknu djus dh dqy {kerk 90]000 esxkokV gS tks ;wukbVsM fdaxMe dh dqy laLFkkfir fo|qr {kerk ds cjkcj gSA gkyk¡fd 'kgjh Hkkjr esa fctyh tkus dh leL;k de gks jgh gS] ysfdu blds ckotwn ns'k ds Mhty tsujsVj dk ck”kkj 5,000 esxkokV ls 8]000 esxkokV çfro"kZ dh nj ls c<+ jgk gSA

ijks{k fctyh la;a=k

'kgjh dsUæksa esa xxupqEch bekjrsa vçR;{k :i ls fctyh la;a=k gh gSa D;ksafd os çnw"k.k iQSykus okys Mhty ds tsujsVjksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA m"eh; fo|qr la;a=k dh vis{kk Mhty tsujsVjksa ls vfèkd çnw"k.k gksrk gS D;ksafd tgk¡ m"eh; fo|qr la;a=k ls mRiUu çnw"kd Åijh ok;qeaMy esa pys tkrs gSa] ogha tsujsVjksa }kjk mRlftZr gksus okys çnw"kd fupys ok;qeaMy esa gh cus jgrs gSaA

dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM (CO) vkSj ikfVZdqysV inkFkZ ij fu;a=k.k j•us ds fy;s vkèkqfud tsujsVj Mhty vkWDlhMs'ku dSVsfyLV* (DOC) ds lkFk ;qÙkQ vkrs gSa] tks dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM dks dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM Hkh ,d xzhugkml xSl gS ysfdu og 'okl }kjk vUnj fy;s tkus ij dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM dh rjg tgjhyh ugha gksrhA gkyk¡fd MkWDl yxk nsus ds ckn Hkh mudh çHkkoksRikndrk vkSj le;≤ ij vko';d j•&j•ko dh dksbZ

Mkmu Vw vFkZMkmu Vw vFkZ if=kdk ds 16&21 fnlacj] 2016 rFkk 1&15 tuojh] 2017 ds vadksa esa izdkf'kr oqQN egÙoiw.kZ ys[kksa dk lkj

fuxjkuh ugha gksrh vkSj u gh mu ij ç'u gh mBk, tkrs gSaA

okrkoj.k ij cks> Mkyus ds vykok ;s Mhty tsujsVj ,d vykHkdkjh fuos'k Hkh lkfcr gks ldrs gSaA esVªksiksfyVu 'kgjksa esa mudks gÝrs esa dqN gh ?kaVksa ds fy;s pyk;k tkrk gSA bl dkj.k çfr bdkbZ mRiknu ykxr cgqr vfèkd gks tkrh gSA

fodYi

bl ifjfLFkfr esa ,d Li"V fodYi lkSj :iQVkWi ihoh ekWMÔwy dks yxkuk gS] ftlesa mRikfnr fo|qr ds Hk.Mkj.k gsrq ,d cSVjh yxh gksrh gSA lkSj :iQVkWi ihoh ds lacaèk esa Hkkjr dk y{; cgqr gh egÙokdka{kh gSA tqykbZ 2015 esa] tokgjyky usg: jk"Vªh; lkSj vfHk;ku ds varxZr dsaæ ljdkj us lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu ds y{; dks 20,000 esxkokV ls c<+kdj 2022 rd 1 yk• esxkokV rd dj fn;kA blesa ls 40,000 esxkokV fctyh dk mRiknu :iQVkWi ifj;kstukvksa ls gksuk gSA

:iQVkWi ifj;kstuk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s dsaæ ljdkj 30 ls 70 iQhlnh rd dh iw¡th lfClMh (tks vyx&vyx jkT;ksa ds fy;s fHkUu gS) vkSj cSadksa }kjk lqyHk ½.k (lkWÝV yksu) çnku djrh gS A g”kkjksa O;fÙkQxr vkSj lkewfgd :iQVkWi ifj;kstukvksa ds rgr dqy 866 esxkokV :iQVkWi lkSj {kerk dk vuqeksnu fd;k x;k gS ftuds iwjs gksus dk le; vyx&vyx gSA vkoklh; {ks=kksa esa Mhty tsujsVjksa ds LFkku ij lkSj ÅtkZ ,d csgrj fodYi gSA ysfdu ,d ç'u ;g gS fd D;k :iQVkWi iSuy Mhty tsujsVjksa ds i;kZIr] LFkkukiUu gks ldrs gSa\

laoguh; fodYi

fdlh lkekU; lkSj :iQVkWi ihoh la;a=k ds rhu ?kVd gksrs gSa % lkSj ihoh iSuy] bUoVZj

vkSj cSVjhA ;s lkSj iSuy fnu ds nkSjku fctyh mRiknu djrs gSa ftldh mlh le; fuokfl;ksa }kjk •ir dj yh tkrh gSA lkFk gh vfrfjÙkQ fo|qr dk cSVfj;ksa esa Hk.Mkj.k dj fy;k tkrk gS rkfd mldk fctyh tkus ij bLrseky fd;k tk lds vkSj ;fn ml LFkku ij fctyh dh dVkSrh yEcs le; rd gksrh gS rks cM+s vkdkj dh cSVjh dks yxk;k tk ldrk gS] ftlesa vfèkd fo|qr dk Hk.Mkj.k fd;k tk ldsA ;fn dVkSrh FkksM+s le; ds fy;s gh gksrh gS ysfdu ml vkoklh; ifjlj esa ,;j& daMh'kuj dks pykus ds fy;s cM+s cSdvi dh vko';drk gks rks cM+k bUoVZj yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

foKku ,oa i;kZoj.k dsaæ (CSE) }kjk fd;s x, ,d vè;;u esa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ fd lHkh ekunaMksa ij lkSj iSuy Mhty tsujsVjksa ls csgrj gSa & 'kqYd ls i;kZoj.kh; Hkkj rdA

fuEu 'kqYd% fctyh dh dVkSrh ds nkSjku vkjMCY;w, (fuoklh dY;k.k lfefr) Mhty tsujsVjksa ds }kjk fctyh dh vkiwfrZ djrh gS vkSj mlds fy;s fuokfl;ksa ls ekfld lapkyu ?kaVksa ds vuqlkj 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gSA lkekU; rkSj ij] Mhty tsujsVj dk 'kqYd 15-17 #i, çfr ;wfuV gS] tks fMLdkWe }kjk fy;s tkus okys nj ls yxHkx rhu xquk gSA gkyk¡fd] lh,lbZ ds vè;;u ds vuqlkj :iQVkWi lkSj iSuy ls mRikfnr fctyh dk nj 5 ls 7 #i, çfr ;wfuV gSA

jkstkuk bLrseky djus ;ksX;% lkSj fctyh dk lcls cM+k vkfFkZd ykHk ;g gS fd ;g ml oÙkQ Hkh dk;Z dj ldrk gS tc fctyh x;h gks vkSj okLrfod le; esa mRikfnr fctyh dh vkiwfrZ dh tk ldrh gSA ;fn vfrfjÙkQ fo|qr iSnk gksrh gS rks bls okil fxzM esa Hkstk tk ldrk gSA blfy;s eghus ds var esa fuokfl;ksa dks u fliQZ cSdvi fctyh vkiwfrZ çkIr gksrh gS] cfYd mudk fctyh dk fcy Hkh de gks ldrk gSA

i=&if=dkvksa dk lkj


lkbal fjiksVZjlkbal fjiksVZj if=kdk ds tuojh 2017 vad esa izdkf'kr oqQN egÙoiw.kZ ys[kksa dk lkj

ukfHkdh; dpjs ls ghjk cSVjh dk fuekZ.k

ukfHkdh; dpjs dk fuiVku 21oha lnh dh dqN dM+h pqukSfr;ksa esa ls gS] tcfd ekuk tk jgk gS fd ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ thok'e b±èku dh çHkkoh LFkkukiUu gks ldrh gSA bl ifjfLFkfr esa fczLVy fo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfudksa us ,d ubZ rduhd dk vkfo"dkj fd;k gS tks jsfM;ksèkehZ xSl dks Ñf=ke ghjksa esa cnydj yxHkx egÙoghu ukfHkdh; dpjs ls LoPN fctyh iSnk djrh gSA Ñf=ke ghjs tc jsfM;ksèkehZ {ks=k esa j• fn;s tkrs gSa rks viuh Lo;a dh fo|qr èkkjk iSnk djrs gSa vkSj bl rjg ,slh cSVjh cuk, tkus gsrq mi;ksx esa vkrs gSa tks jsfM;ksèkehZ inkFkks± dh nh?kZ v¼kZ;q ds dkj.k yach vofèk rd fo|qr èkkjk iSnk djrs gSaA

Hkw&jlk;uosÙkk VkWe LdkWV ds vuqlkj] ¶blesa dksbZ xfreku fgLls 'kkfey ugha gSa] dksbZ mRltZu ugha gksrk vkSj fdlh rjg ds j•&j•ko dh vko';drk ugha gS& lhèks fctyh dk mRiknu gksrk gSA ghjksa ds vanj jsfM;ksèkehZ inkFkZ can djus ls ge ukfHkdh; dpjs dh nh?kZdkfyd leL;k dks ukfHkdh;& lapkfyr cSVjh }kjk LoPN ÅtkZ dh nh?kZdkfyd vkiwfrZ esa cny ldrs gSaA¸

ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ la;a=kksa esa eand dh rjg mi;ksx gksus okys xzsiQkbV ls iSnk gksus okys dkcZu&14 dk ç;ksx djds bu cSVfj;ksa dh dq'kyrk vkSj rduhd dks c<+kus ds fy;s 'kksèk fd;s tk jgs gSaA dkcZu&14 dks lzksr inkFkZ pquus dh otg bldh v¼kZ;q 5730 lky gksuk gS vkSj ;g cgqr NksVs ijkl dk fofdj.k mRiUu djrk gS] ftls 'kh?kzrk ls vkSj lqjf{kr :i ls ghjksa ds Hkhrj gh vo'kksf"kr dj fy;k tkrk gSA

bu cSVfj;ksa dk mu fLFkfr;ksa esa ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS tgk¡ ikjEifjd cSVjh dks pktZ djuk ;k cnyuk lEHko ugha gSA Li"V :i ls bldk ç;ksx de ÅtkZ ds mu fo|qr midj.kksa dks cukus esa gksxk ftuds fy;s yach vk;q okys ÅtkZ lzksr dh vko';drk gS] tSlsµ islesdj] lSVsykbV] mPp v{kka'kksa ij pyus okys Mªksu ;k varfj{k ;kuA

varfj{k O;kikj dh laHkkouk,¡

varfj{k vfHk;kuksa ds futhdj.k dh laHkkouk,¡ cgqr rs”kh ls vkdkj ys jgh gSa D;ksafd cgqr lh O;kikfjd gfLr;k¡ varfj{k {ks=k ds miØeksa esa fuos'k dk Hkfo"; ns• jgh gSaA bl {ks=k esa mYys•uh; fuos'k djus okys dqN egÙoiw.kZ uke bl çdkj gSa%

byksu eLd is&iy (Pay-pal) ds lg&laLFkkid gSa] ftUgksaus viuh futh laifÙk ls yxHkx 100 fefy;u MkWyj Lisl ,DlIyksjs'ku VsDuksykWth uked daiuh esa fuos'k fd;k gSA ;g daiuh Lisl ,Dl uke ls fo[;kr gSA vestu MkWV dkWe daiuh ds laLFkkid tsiQ cstksl] Cyw vkWfjftu uked daiuh esa fuos'k dj jgs gSaA ;g daiuh U;w 'ksiQMZ uked vUrfj{k ;ku dk fofuekZ.k djrh gSA fczVsu ds vjcifr m|eh lj fjpMZ czsUlu dk oftZu xzqi] oftZu xSysfDVd uked daiuh esa fuos'k dj jgk gSA

pw¡fd varfj{k {ks=k rhoz O;kikfjd laHkkoukvksa okyk {ks=k gS] vr% cgqr ls ns'kksa ds chp vUrfj{k vuqlaèkkuksa] ekuo;qDr vfHk;kuksa] 'kksèkijd {ks=kksa rFkk nwjlapkj lSVsykbVksa tSlh lk>h lsokvksa okys {ks=kksa ds fy;s gksM+ eph gqbZ gS tks fd bUgsa ykWUp djus okys ns'kksa dh vk; ds çeq• lzksr gSaA fo'o ds dksus&dksus esa tks lwpuk,¡ çlkfjr gksrh gSa mUgsa vU; ns'kksa }kjk lapkj mís';ksa ds fy;s iêðs ij fy;k tkrk gS rFkk •jhnk tkrk gSA lSVsykbV lsokvksa dk mi;ksx usfoxs'ku ç.kkyh esa] lapkj LFkkfir djus esa] ekSle foKku esa rFkk èkjrh dh fuxjkuh djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

varfj{k rduhdksa rFkk lSVsykbV vfHk;kuksa

ls ^Hkw&LFkkfud LFkkiu ç.kkyh* (Geo-Spatial Positioning System) ds :i esa vke vkneh dks ,d egÙoiw.kZ ykHk çkIr gqvk gSA bls la{ksi esa thih,l dgk tkrk gSA blds }kjk v{kka'kksa rFkk ns'kkUrjksa dh lVhd jhfMax o Lora=k :i ls NksVs&NksVs fjlhojksa dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr dh tk ldrh gS] blds }kjk dgha csgrj o lqjf{kr okf.kfT;d laHkkoukvksa ds lkFk leqæh o mîó;u ukSogu (Navigation) esa enn feysxhA bldh mi;ksfxrk dks ns•rs gq, bu varfj{k daifu;ksa us lalkèkuksa dks c<+kus rFkk mUgsa vke yksxksa ds fy;s miyCèk djkus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA blds fy;s orZeku fofu;eksa esa lqèkkj fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd futh daifu;k¡ bu vfHk;kuksa esa fuos'k djus dh vuqefr ik ldsa vkSj lalkèkuksa dh fcØh ls ykHk mBk ldsaA

varfj{k O;kikj dh vFkZO;oLFkk

lHkh xgu varfj{k vfHk;ku lkekU;r;k ^baVjus'kuy Lisl LVs'ku* (vkbZ,l,l) esa ykWx vkWu djrs gSa (vkbZ,l,l esa lalkèku dk iquHkZj.k djds ;k lalkèku okil ysdj)A vkbZ,l,l

i=&if=dkvksa dk lkj


n fganw1 tuojh ls 25 tuojh] 2017

vkj{k.k ij lkekftd lgefr dk vHkko

D;k ukSdfj;ksa] Ldwyksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa vkj{k.k dk çkoèkku lkekftd foHksn dks c<+kok ns jgk gS\ bl ç'u ds tokc esa yEcs le; ls dHkh HkkoukRed rks dHkh e”kcwr çfrfØ;k,¡ ns•us dks fey jgh gSaA yksx iwokZxzg ls xzflr fopkj vkSj i{k ysdj cgl esa 'kkfey gksrs gSa vkSj 'kk;n gh dHkh viuk er cnyrs gSa] ;gh otg gS fd ns'k esa vHkh Hkh bl ckr ij lgefr ugha cu ikbZ gS fd vkj{k.k ,d vko';d vkSj mi;ksxh uhfr gSA

gky gh esa ,l,vkjvkbZ (Social Attitudes Research for India) uked ,d loZs{k.k esa Hkkjr ds xk¡oksa rFkk 'kgjksa esa 18 ls 65 o"kZ ds yksxksa ds chp vkj{k.k dh okaNuh;rk vkSj ço`fÙk;ksa dks ysdj loky&tokc fd;s x, ftlls dqN fnypLi vk¡dM+s izkIr gq,A

loZs{k.k ds urhts

� yxHkx 50 izfr'kr yksxksa dk dguk gS fd os vkj{k.k dk leFkZu ugha djrs gSaA leFkZu ugha djus okyksa esa vfèkdka'kr% lkekU; oxZ ds yksx gSa] ogha leFkZu djus okys vfèkdka'k yksx vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vU; fiNM+k oxZ ls lacaèk j•us okys yksx gSaA

� vkj{k.k dk leFkZu ugha djus okys yksxksa esa lokZfèkd 56 çfr'kr yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd esèkk ds vkèkkj ij lhVsa feyuh pkfg;saA

� 44 çfr'kr yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd lhVksa ds ekeys esa ^lekurk* gksuh pkfg;sA

� vc vxj vkj{k.k ds fojksèk esa rdZ ns[ks tk,¡ rks 20 çfr'kr yksx ;g ekurs gSa fd vkj{k.k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks bldk ykHk ysus dh ctk, dfBu ifjJe djuk pkfg;sA

� 7 çfr'kr yksx ekurs gSa fd vkj{k.k vc çklafxd ugha jg x;kA 19 izfr'kr yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd bls vkfFkZd vkèkkj ij gksuk pkfg;sA tcfd 6 çfr'kr yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd nfyrksa esa èkuk<Ô oxZ gh vkj{k.k dk ykHk ys ik jgk gSA

� lcls de 3 çfr'kr yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd vkj{k.k ls lkekftd foHksn dks c<+kok fey jgk gSA

loZs{k.k ds urhtksa vkSj ns'k ds okLrfod lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd igyqvksa ij fopkj djsa rks ifjfLFkfr;k¡ dqN bl çdkj curh gSa&

� esèkk ds vkèkkj ij lhVksa dk vkoaVu djus okyksa dk eq[; vk{ksi vkj{k.k ds çkoèkkuksa ds vuqlkj vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj tutkfr rFkk vU; fiNM+k oxZ dh esèkk lwph esa feyus okyh dqN vadksa dh NwV ls gSA gkyk¡fd ;g fl¼kar bl ckr dh dksbZ •cj ugha ysrk fd lekt dk oafpr lewg u rks vklkuh ls Ldwy tk ikrk gS vkSj u gh csgrj mPp f'k{kk gkfly dj ikrk gSA vr% vkj{k.k ds ekè;e ls çfrLi¼kZ ds Lrj dks lcds fy;s ,dleku cuk;k tkrk gSA oLrqr% lfn;ksa ls oapuk >sy jgs lewgksa dh lSdM+ksa lkyksa ls lqfoèkk lEiUu oxZ ls vpkud çfrLi¼kZ csbZekuh gksxhA

� ,d lkekU; lh èkkj.kk gS fd lkekU; oxZ ls lacaèk j•us okyk O;fDr LokHkkfod rkSj ij esèkkoh gksrk gSA oLrqr% lkekftd ifjorZu rFkk vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd mRÑ"Vrk dk fuekZ.k ihf<+;ksa rd pyrk jgrk gS vkSj ;g çekf.kr rF; gS fd mÙkj fy•us dh dyk vkSj laokn Js"Brk esa ifjos'k dh vge Hkwfedk gksrh gS] fdUrq ,d fiNM+s oxZ dk O;fDr lkekftd ifjorZu ls vNwrk rks jgrk gh gS] lkFk gh vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd mRÑ"Vrk Hkh mlds fy;s nwj dh dkSM+h gSA

� dqN yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd os vkj{k.k dk fojksèk blfy;s djrs gSa D;ksafd mudk fo'okl lekurk esa gSA gkyk¡fd vkj{k.k og lkèku gS tks lekurk dks c<+kok nsrk gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk blfy;s dh xbZ Fkh fd ljdkj ds xBu ls ysdj f'k{kk vkSj jks”kxkj esa fiNM+s oxks± dk fgr lqfuf'pr

dj okLro esa ¶loZs HkoUrq lqf•u%¸ dk liuk lp fd;k tk ldsA

� cgqr ls yksxksa dk ;g ekuuk gS fd vkj{k.k lkekftd vkèkkj ij u nsdj vkfFkZd vkèkkj ij fn;k tk,] ;g èkkj.kk Hkh vkius vki esa folaxfr;ksa ls ;qDr gSA fofnr gks fd vkj{k.k ,d xjhch fuokjd ;kstuk ugha gS] vkj{k.k dk ,dek=k mís'; çfrfufèkRo gSA

fu"d"kZ

blesa dksbZ nks jk; ugha gS fd ns'k esa lkekftd lgHkkfxrk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s vkj{k.k dh furkar vko';drk gS] fdUrq ,d lp ;g Hkh gS fd vkj{k.k ds mís';ksa ds ckjs esa vfèkdka'k yksx vutku gSaA vkt vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd yksxksa dks vkj{k.k dh ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd i`"BHkwfe dks le>us esa enn dh tk,A Hkkjr dh tkrh;] ySafxd vkSj {ks=kh; fofoèkrkvksa ds ckjs esa cPpksa dks crk;k tk, vkSj vkj{k.k ds fy;s O;kogkfjd lgefr cukbZ tk,A gkyk¡fd] fdUujksa ds fy;s dksVk lfgr vkj{k.k uhfr esa dqN lqèkkjksa dh vko';drk gSA

Hkkjr ds vrhr dk ,d iUUkk

ns'k esa gj lky 9 tuojh dks egkRek xkaèkh ds Lons'k ykSVus (o"kZ 1915 esa) ds :i esa ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 2002 esa] rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us bl fnu dks ¶Hkkjrh; çoklh fnol¸ ds :i esa eukus dk fu.kZ; fd;k FkkA rHkh ls ;g dk;ZØe fujarj vk;ksftr fd;k tk jgk gSA

� è;krO; gS fd bl o"kZ çoklh fnol ds 15osa laLdj.k dk vk;kstu 7-9 tuojh rd csaxyq# esa lEiUu gqvkA

� oLrqr% ¶Mk;Liksjk¸ (Diaspora) 'kCn dk ç;ksx Hkkjrh; ewy ds mu yksxksa ds lacksèku gsrq fd;k tkrk gS tks 19oha lnh ds ckn ls fo'o ds dksus&dksus esa tk cls gSaA bUgsa çoklh Hkkjrh; dgk tkrk gSA

Vw n ikWbaV


D;k xkaèkh uLyoknh Fks\ (lkekU; vè;;u ç'ui=k&1)

D;ksa gS [kcjksa esa\

?kkuk fo'ofo|ky; esa f'k{kdksa ds ,d lewg us fo'ofo|ky; ifj"kn ds lnL;ksa ds ikl ,d ;kfpdk nk;j dh] ftlesa mUgksaus fo'ofo|ky; ds çkax.k ls egkRek xkaèkh dh ewfrZ dks gVkus dh ekax dh FkhA

bl vkjksi ds ihNs dkj.k

bl lewg us ;g vkjksi yxk;k gS fd xkaèkhth us ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds f•ykiQ uLyoknh fVIif.k;k¡ dh Fkha rFkk mUgksaus 1894 ls 1906 ds chp xkaèkh }kjk dh xb± ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds f•ykiQ ,slh N% fVIif.k;ksa dk mnkgj.k Hkh fn;k gSA lcls gkfy;k [kcjksa ds vuqlkj bl ewfrZ dks LFkkukarfjr djus dk fu.kZ; ys fy;k x;k gS ysfdu eq[; ç'u vc Hkh cuk gqvk gS% D;k xkaèkh ,d uLyoknh Fks\

xkaèkh ds cpko esa

z;g okLro esa lR; gS fd xkaèkh us ml le; uLy vkSj laLÑfr ij pkjksa rjiQ fNM+h cgl ds chp ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds f•ykiQ uLyoknh fVIif.k;k¡ dh FkhaA ?kkuk fo'ofo|ky; dh ;kfpdk esa 1894 ls 1906 ds chp xkaèkh }kjk dh xbZa ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds f•ykiQ ,slh N% fVIif.k;ksa dk mnkgj.k Hkh fn;k gS ysfdu lcls vthc ckr ;g gS fd mUgksaus vÚhfd;ksa ij muds ifj'kksfèkr er dk mYys• ugha fd;k gSA

zmuds ifj'kksfèkr er tks ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds i{k esa gSa] mudh iqLrd ^nf{k.k vÚhdk esa lR;kxzg* (1923-25) esa of.kZr gSa tks 1894 ls 1914 ds chp nf{k.k vÚhdk esa ekStwn uLyh; HksnHkko ds f•ykiQ Hkkjrh; la?k"kZ dk ,sfrgkfld fooj.k gSA ;fn xkaèkh dks nf{k.k vÚhdk esa muds uLyoknh dFku ds fy;s frjLÑr fd;k tk jgk gS rks D;k ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds fy;s muds ifj'kksfèkr er mrus gh fopkj.kh; ugha gSa\

zvÚhdh ûLy* ds ckjs esa xkaèkh dh le> esa vkewypwy ifjorZu] Kku ds lalkj esa fujarj gks jgh ?kVukvksa dk urhtk Fkk ftlls NÁ&oSKkfud uLyokn ds çfreku dk iru gqvkA

z1880 vkSj 1920 ds chp uLy vkSj laLÑfr dks ns•us dk çcy çfreku FkkA bl çfreku esa ekuoksa dks Ropk ds jax] 'kjhj ds ckyksa] ckyksa dh cukoV] efLr"d ds vkdkj vkfn ds vkèkkj ij oxhZÑr fd;k tkrk FkkA ,d&leku 'kkjhfjd lajpuk dks ,d lewg esa oxhZÑr fd;k tkrk Fkk rkfd mudh igpku dh tk ldsA blh rjg eaxksy] dkdsf'k;u] dkys yksx vkfn lewg fufeZr gq,A

zbu lewgksa dks inkuqØe ls Js"B vkSj fuEu uLyksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk Fkk] NÁ&oSKkfud uLyokn ds çfreku }kjk uLy dks laLÑfr ls Hkh tksM+k tkrk FkkA pw¡fd yksxksa dh ,d ûLy* ml laLÑfr dh fuekZrk Fkh ftlesa og uLy fo'ks"k lfUufgr Fkh] blfy;s bl èkkj.kk dks fo'oluh;rk

çkIr gks xbZ fd Js"B uLy ls Js"B laLÑfr mRiUu gksrh gS vkSj fuEu uLy ls fuEu laLÑfr iSnk gksrh gSA

zbl NÁ&oSKkfud uLyokn ds çfreku us bl çdkj u dsoy uLyksa dks cfYd laLÑfr dks Hkh inkuqØe esa yxk fn;kA ;wjksih; yksxksa us bl iSekus ij •qn dks 'kh"kZ ij j•k tcfd ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds dqN lewg fo'ks"kksa us •qn dks lcls fupys Lrj ij ik;kA

z20oha lnh dh 'kq#vkr esa bl oSKkfud uLyokn ds çfreku èkqaèkys iM+us yxsA uLy vkSj laLÑfr ds fo"k; esa Kku ds bl çfreku ds iru ds lkFk gh xkaèkhth dh uLy vkSj laLÑfr ds çfr le> esa ifjorZu vk;kA

z,ulkbDyksihfM;k fczVkfudk ds nlosa laLdj.k esa dkiQsj* 'kCn nf{k.k vÚhdk ds ewy fuoklh yksxksa ds fy;s ç;qDr gqvk FkkA ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ^dkiQsj* 'kCn ml le; çpyu esa FkkA blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha gS fd 1894 ls 1913 ds chp egkRek xkaèkh ds lexz dk;ks± esa ^dkiQsj* 'kCn dk bLrseky rdjhcu 456 ckj gqvk gS fdarq] bl ckr ij è;ku nsuk mruk gh vko';d gS fd mlds ckn xkaèkh ds ys•u esa ^dkiQsj* 'kCn nqckjk ugha vk;kA

z1915 esa Hkkjr ykSVus ds lkr o"kks± dh vofèk esa gh xkaèkh fczfV'k lkezkT; ds leFkZd ls ^fu"Bkoku lkezkT;okn&fojksèkh* gks x,A bl ifjorZu us 'kfDr vkSj Kku ds lEcUèk ds çfr xkaèkh dh vk¡•sa •ksy nha fo'ks"kr% lkezkT;okn vkSj uLyokn ds chp ;k lkezkT;okn vkSj laLÑfr ds chpA

zmUgksaus rh•h ukd vkSj xksjsiu dks ysdj Hkkjrh;ksa dh yyd dh fuank dh vkSj dgk fd ;g mu yksxksa dks lkezkT;okn dh ,d nsu gS ftuds fnekx vkSj lkaLÑfrd ewY; ;wjksi ds vèkhu mifuos'k cuk fy;s x, gSaA muds 'kCnksa esa lqUnjrk ds ;s ;wjksih; vkn'kZ ¶vUèkfo'okl¸ FksA

zxkaèkh dh cnyh gqbZ le> ds vuqlkj] ewy fuoklh vÚhdh u rks vlH; Fks u Øwj cfYd ns•us okys ds vfHkeku ds dkj.k ,sls dfYir fd;s x, FksA

fu"d"kZ

zokLro esa xkaèkh ewy fuoklh vÚhfd;ksa ds çfr dBksj jgs Fks ysfdu vius thou ds 'kq#vkrh fgLls esa gh os ckSf¼d dk;kiyV ls xq”kjs vkSj mudh ifjofrZr fo'on`f"V us vU; ûLyksa* vkSj ^laLÑfr;ksa* ds çfr viuh le> dks cnydj j• fn;kA

zmRihfM+r yksxksa vkSj laLÑfr;ksa ds fy;s yM+us okys fotsrkvksa ds bfrgkl dks ns•rs gq, ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd vU; lkèkkj.k O;fDr;ksa dh rjg os Hkh ifjos'k esa ekStwn iwokZxzgksa ls xzflr gks tkrs FksA os vius ml rjhds ds dkj.k vlkèkkj.k cus ftlls os bu foosdjfgr iwokZxzgksa ls vkxs c<+sA nnn

Vw n ikWbaVlkekU; vè;;u ds VkWfiDl ij lVhd o fcanqokj lkexzh

ih-Vh- ,Dlizsl


zz bl lafèk ls vaxzs”kksa dks dqekÅ¡ vkSj x<+oky dk foLr`r {ks=k izkIr gks x;k vkSj usikfy;ksa us flfDde ij viuk nkok NksM+ fn;k rFkk dkBekaMw esa ,d fczfV'k jsthMsaV j[kuk Lohdkj dj fy;kA ;s Fkhµ

lqxkSyh dh lafèk

zz bUgksaus 1820 esa îzhlsIV~l vkWiQ thll* (Precepts of Jesus) uke dh iqLrd izdkf'kr dh ftlesa mUgksaus Û;w VsLVkesaV* ds uSfrd vkSj nk'kZfud lans'k dh iz'kalk djrs gq, mldks mldh peRdkjh dgkfu;ksa ls vyx djus dh dksf'k'k dh] ;s Fksµ jkeeksgu jk;

zz izfl¼ iqLrd ^dkW”kst vkWiQ n bafM;u E;wfVuh* ds ys[kd gSaµ lS;n vgen [kku

zz1857 ds xnj dh tehu rS;kj djus okys bl vfèkfu;e }kjk fganw jhfr fjok”kksa esa la'kksèku fd;k x;kA blds }kjk bZlkbZ èkeZ xzg.k djus okys yksxksa dks viuh iSr`d laifÙk dk gdnkj ekuk x;k] lkFk gh mUgsa ukSdfj;ksa esa inksUufr rFkk f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa izos'k dh lqfoèkk nh xbZA ;s Fkkµ 1856 dk èkk£ed fu;ksZX;rk vfèkfu;e

zz1857 ds foæksg dks ^jk"Vªh; foæksg* dh laKk nsus okyk vaxzs”k Fkkµ baXyS.M dk :f<+oknh usrk csatkfeu fM”kjk;yh

zzcaxky esa fopj.k'khy eqlyeku èkk£ed iQdhjksa }kjk fd;s x, bl foæksg dk usr`Ro etuw 'kkg us fd;kA Hkokuh ikBd vkSj nsoh pkSèkjkuh bl vkanksyu ls tqM+s izfl¼ fganw usrk FksA ;g Fkkµ iQdhj foæksg

zz;g vkanksyu ogkch vkanksyu ls bu vFkks± esa leku Fkk fd nksuksa gh èkk£ed vkanksyu ds :i esa vkjaHk gq, vkSj nksuksa gh ckn esa ,sls jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa esa ifjo£rr gks x, ftudk ,d leku mís'; vaxsz”kksa dks Hkkjr ls ckgj fudkyuk FkkA lu 1840 esa Hkxr tokgj ey (fl;ku lkgc) us bl vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr if'pe iatkc ls dhA ;g Fkkµ dwdk foæksg

zz1770 ds n'kd esa jktegy ds igkM+h {ks=kksa (orZeku >kj[kaM) esa fczfV'k Hkw&jktLo O;oLFkk ds fojksèk esa gq, bl foæksg esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds Nkikekj la?k"kZ ls ijs'kku vaxzs”kh ljdkj us 1778 esa buls le>kSrk dj buds {ks=k dks ^nkfeu&,&dksg* {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd;kA ;s Fkkµ

igkfM+;k foæksg

zz caxky esa gqvk ;g foæksg 19oha lnh dk lcls la?k"kZ'khy] cM+k ,oa liQy foæksg FkkA bl vkanksyu dks cqf¼thoh oxZ dk iwjk leFkZu izkIr Fkk rFkk ^fganw iSfVª;kV* ds laiknd gfj'paæ eq[kthZ Hkh bl vkanksyu ls tqM+s FksA nhucaèkq fe=k dk ukVd ûhy niZ.k* blh vkanksyu dh fo"k;oLrq ls tqM+k FkkA ;g Fkkµ uhy foæksg

Hkkjrh; bfrgkl

ih-Vh- ,DlizslizkjafHkd ijh{kk ds fy;s egÙoiw.kZ lkexzh

zz1857 ls 1900 ds eè; gq, fdlku vkanksyuksa dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fdµ

bl dky[kaM esa gq, foæksg mifuos'kokn ds f[kykiQ ugha cfYd egktuksa] ”kehankjksa o lkgwdkjksa ds 'kks"k.k ds

[kykiQ Fks rFkk budk izHkko o izlkj {ks=k lhfer FkkA

zz lu 1918 esa xkaèkhth ds usr`Ro esa fdlkuksa us yxku dh c<+kbZ xbZ nj ds fojksèk esa ;g vkanksyu fd;kA bl vkanksyu dh xaHkhjrk dks ns[krs gq, ljdkj us bl vk'k; dk xksiuh; nLrkos”k tkjh fd;k fd yxku mlh ls olwyk tk, tks mls nsus esa leFkZ gksA blh vkanksyu ls gh xkaèkhth us vius izFke okLrfod lR;kxzg dh 'kq#vkr dhA ;g Fkkµ [ksM+k lR;kxzg

zz1928 esa vdkyh usrk [kM+d¯lg }kjk fdlkuksa dks laxfBu dj vkanksyu pyk;k x;k ftlds fy;s îatkc fj;klrh iztkeaMy* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA bldh izeq[k ekax Fkhµ

HkwjktLo esa dh xbZ 70 izfr'kr o`f¼ dks okil ysukA

zz ;g Ñ"kd vkanksyu 1946 ls 1951 rd pyk bls Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds lcls yacs Nkikekj Ñ"kd ;q¼ ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g gSµ rsyaxkuk vkanksyu

zz;g f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ ds ckn dk lcls O;kid vkanksyu Fkk tks caxky ds mUuhl f”kyksa esa iSQykA bl vkanksyu ds nkSjku cVkbZnkj fdlkuksa us ”kehankjksa dks mit dk rhljk fgLlk nsus dk ,syku fd;kA ;g Fkkµ

rsHkkxk vkanksyu

zzfcgkj vkSj vksfM'kk esa izpfyr bl izFkk ds varxZr Ñf"k nkl ds :i esa [ksrh djus okys dfe;k tkfr ds yksx fy;s x, ½.k ij ns; C;kt dh jkf'k ds cnys esa vkthou ½.knkrk dh lsok djrs FksA ;s Fkhµ

dfe;kSVh izFkk

zzbl izFkk ds varxZr paikj.k (fcgkj) ds fdlkuksa dks vius fczfV'k ckxku ekfydksa ds lkFk fd;s x, vuqcaèk ij viuh tehu ds djhc 3/20 Hkkx ij uhy dh [ksrh djuk vko';d gksrk FkkA ;s Fkhµ frudfB;k izFkk

zz bl izFkk ds varxZr fczfV'k O;kikjh Hkkjrh; mRikndksa] dkjhxjksa ,oa f'kfYi;ksa dks vfxze lafonk (is'kxh) ds rkSj ij #i;k nsrs FksA ;s Fkhµ nnuh izFkk

zzn flikW; E;wfVuh ,aM n fjoksYV vkWiQ 1857* uked iqLrd ds ys[kd gSaµ vkj-lh- etwenkj

baVjO;w [kaMekWd baVjO;w


bl vad esa gekjs mEehnokj gSa& lquhy oekZA lquhy oekZ mÙkj izns'k ds vacsMdj uxj ft+ys ds jgus okys gSaA lquhy

dk thou csgn pqukSrhiw.kZ rFkk mrkj&p<+ko okyk jgk gSA lquhy ds thou&la?k"kZ ls ;g vklkuh ls tkuk tk ldrk gS fd

dSls csgn xjhc ?kj esa iSnk gksdj vR;ar dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,d izfrHkk viuk eqdke ikrh gS vkSj la?k"kZ ds vkxs vHkko

?kqVus Vsdrk gSA

lquhy ftl ekgkSy vkSj ifjfLFkfr esa iSnk gq, Fks ogk¡ csgrjh dk liuk ns[kuk gh cgqr cM+k lkgl FkkA Hkkjr dh lcls

cM+h ijh{kk ds ckjs esa lkspuk rks vdYiuh; gh Fkk] ij lquhy ds lkgl rFkk muds ifjokj ds vuU; lg;ksx us bls Hkh laHko

dj fn[kk;kA lquhy ds ckck dh vkdfLed e`R;q gks xbZA ml le; rd [krkSuh esa lquhy ds firk dk uke ugha FkkA pkpk dh

ncaxbZ ds dkj.k lquhy ds firk dks viuh llqjky esa 'kj.k ysuh iM+h vkSj os tykyiqj dLcs ds i#b;k vkJe dkWyst ds ikl

lCT+kh dh nqdku yxkus yxsA ufugky esa gh tykyiqj dLcs esa lquhy dh f'k{kk&nh{kk gqbZA lquhy cpiu ls gh vius firk o

ifjokj ds ladV dks ysdj laosnu'khy FksA os dfBu ifjJe djds ml ladV dks [kRe djus dk y{; cuk, gq, FksA os i<+kbZ

Hkh djrs vkSj nqdku ij vius firk dk gkFk Hkh c¡VkrsA ckjgoha ds ckn muds firk us fgEer djds mUgsa bathfu;fjax dh dksfpax

Hkh djokbZ vkSj i<+us ds fy;s bykgkckn Hkstk] ysfdu mudk p;u fdlh vPNs bathfu;fjax dkWyst esa u gks ldk rks mUgksaus

bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; esa ch-,- esa izos'k ys fy;kA jktuhfr foKku] fgUnh lkfgR; vkSj n'kZu'kkL= muds fo"k; FksA

lquhy us igys jktuhfr foKku vkSj fQj fganh lkfgR; esa ,e-,- fd;kA os jktuhfr foKku ls JRF Hkh gq,A fganh lkfgR;

esa Hkh mUgksaus NET fudkykA os ch-,M- Hkh dj pqds gSa rFkk 'kks/kjr gSaA 2014 muds fy;s VfuZax IokbaV lkfcr gqvkA mlh lky

os JRF ikl gq,] mUgksaus TGT fudkyk] ihlh,l gq, rFkk 2014 esa gh ;w-ih-,l-lh- }kjk vk;ksftr flfoy lsok ijh{kk esa lQy

gksdj os fMQsal ,dkmaV lfoZl esa pqus x,A is'k gS muds baVjO;w ds va'k%

ek Wd baVjO;w

uke% lquhy dqekj oekZ

firk dk uke% jklfcgkjh oekZ

ekrk dk uke% deyk oekZ

tUe LFkku% ekyhiqj] vacsMdj uxj] m-iz-

tUe frfFk% 28 flracj] 1985

'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk,¡%

l gkbZLdwy% ckck c#vk nkl baVj dkWyst]

i#b;k vkJe (68%)

mEehnokj dk ifjp;

l b.VjehfM,V% ckck c#vk nkl baVj dkWyst] i#b;k vkJe (70.2%)

l Lukrd% bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] bykgkckn (B.A. 56.5%)

l ijkLukrd% bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; (jktuhfr foKku 57.2%)

jkeeuksgj yksfg;k voèk fo'ofo|ky; (fganh lkfgR;] 61.4%)

lfo'ks"k miyfCèk;k¡% twu 2012 esa jktuhfr

foKku ls JRF

2013-14 esa ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx }kjk

lkekftd foKku TGT esa p;furA

2013 esa ;wihihlh,l esa p;u (f”kyk

vYila[;d dY;k.k vfèkdkjh gsrq)

2014 esa Hkkjrh; flfoy lsok esa fMiQsal

,dkmaV l£ol esa p;uA

ekè;e% fganh

gkWch% rSjuk] vkYgk&fcjgk xkukA

baVjO;w [kaM ekWd baVjO;w


lquhy% lj] ^ySfVu vesfjdk esa lek”koknh jktuhfr% mn~Hko ,oa fodkl* ;g fo"k; gS esjs 'kksèk dkA

vè;{k% vts±Vhuk o osus”kq,yk esa lektoknh ik£V;ksa ds 'kklu esa rks cM+k tu vlarks"k Fkk!

lquhy% lj] ySfVu vesfjdk dh jktuhfr esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa ,d izHkkoh rÙo jgrk gSA lektoknh mldk fojksèk djrs jgs gSa rks vU; ny vesfjdk ds djhch jgs gSaA tc&tc vk£Fkd ladV vkrs gSa rks nksuksa rjg ds ny ,d&nwljs dks f”kEesnkj Bgjkrs gSaA lj] g~;wxks 'kkost ds fnoaxr gksus ds ckn ySfVu vesfjdk esa dksbZ dfj'ekbZ lektoknh usr`Ro ugha jg x;k gS] blfy;s vesfjdk leFkZd ik£V;ksa dk mHkkj gks jgk gSA

vè;{k% vkidks ugha yxrk fd ogk¡ lektokfn;ksa dh uhfr;k¡ yksdfiz; jgh gSa\

lquhy% lj] g~;wxks 'kkost vkSj fiQnsy dkL=kks us ges'kk lalkèkuksa ij turk dk vfèkdkj ekuk gS vkSj yksxksa dks muesa fgLlk nsus dh ckr djrs jgs gSaA ,d gn rd ySfVu vesfjdk dh lektoknh lksp yksdfiz; jgh gSA yssfdu] vxj og vesfjdh ekWMy ds fojksèk esa Fkh rks og ,slk gh gksus dks foo'k FkhA

vè;{k% vkids f”kys ls jkeeuksgj yksfg;k jgs gSa tks ia usg: dh uhfr;ksa ds iz[kj vkykspd FksA ia usg: Hkh lektoknh Fks vkSj yksfg;k Hkh] ij nksuksa esa D;k iQdZ Fkk\ D;k oSpkfjd fojksèk Fkk nksuksa esa\

lquhy% lj] 1948-49 rd yksfg;k vkSj usg: th esa erHksn ugha FkkA nksuksa lektoknh vkn'kks± ds leFkZd FksA yksfg;k teZu izHkko okys yksdrkaf=kd lektoknh Fks] fgVyj Hkh vius dks ;gh dgrk Fkk tcfd ia usg: ekDlZ ds izHkko ls oSKkfud lektoknh FksA yksdrkaf=kd lektokn lkE;okn dk fojksèk djrk gSA og lksfo;r :l ls bruh fudVrk ugha pkgrs Fks rFkk rqjar vk£Fkd Økafr pkgrs Fks tcfd usg: th dk ekuuk Fkk fd iztkra=k esa ;kstuk cukdj èkhjs&èkhjs vk£Fkd ifjorZu gksaxsA bUgha eqn~nksa dks ysdj yksfg;k usg: ljdkj ij geys djrs FksA

vè;{k% lquhy] vkius rks MkW- yksfg;k o fgVyj dks ,d gh ikVhZ dk crk fn;k!

lquhy% lj] 'kk;n eSa viuh ckr le>k ugha ik;kA eSa ;g dguk pkgrk Fkk fd teZuh dh

lk{kkRdkj(lquhy dk baVjO;w Jh vej izrki ¯lg ds

cksMZ esa FkkA Vscy ij lcls vkf[kjh uacj ij gksus ds dkj.k mudks dkiQh lgkjk feyk vkSj ?kcjkgV de gqbZ] ,slk mUgksaus crk;kA izLrqr gS mudk lk{kkRdkj%)

vè;{k% lquhy th] MkW- vacsMdj iSnk rks e-iz- esa gq, Fks] mudh deZHkwfe egkjk"Vª esa Fkh vkSj muds uke ij f”kyk m-iz- esa cuk;k x;kA D;k ;g vPNk ugha gksrk fd bl f”kys dk uke ;gha iSnk gq, ,d egku O;fDrRo MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k ds uke ij j[kk tkrk vkSj MkW- vacsMdj ds tUe LFkku egw (e- iz-) esa muds uke ij f”kyk cuk;k tkrk\

lquhy% lj] f”kyksa ds ukedj.k ds ihNs ”;knkrj fdlh lkaLÑfrd otg ls ”;knk jktuSfrd uiQk&uqdlku dk xf.kr gksrk gS] blfy;s ogk¡ rk£dd iSekus vDlj dke ugha djrsA

vè;{k% yxrk gS vki jktuhfr ls fujk'k gSa\

lquhy% lj] ,slk ugha gS] fiQj Hkh ledkyhu jktuhfr gesa vk'oLr ugha dj ikrh fd og lpeqp gekjs gh fgrksa ds fy;s lapkfyr gks jgh gSA

vè;{k% (g¡lrs gq,) vki blls ”;knk D;k fujk'k gks ldrs Fks\

lquhy% lj] fujk'k eSa bu vFkks± esa ugha gw¡ D;ksafd eSa bu ph”kksa dks Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dh ,d laØe.kdkyhu voLFkk ekurk gw¡A lj] eq>s yxrk gS fd èkhjs&èkhjs gekjh jktuhfr esa ;qok vkSj uoksUes"kh ikSèk vkus yxsxhA

vè;{k% ;g vkidk vk'kkokn gS ;k ,slk dksbZ ladsr Hkh vki ns[krs gSa\

lquhy% lj] eSa thou ds izR;sd {ks=k esa ÅtkZ ls Hkjs ;qokvksa dks ns[krk gw¡ tks igys ls cgqr ”;knk la[;k esa vk jgs gSaA os jktuhfr esa Hkh vk jgs gSa] ij vHkh gekjh O;oLFkk esa muds mHkkj esa ckèkk,¡ gSa] tSls gkbZ&deku iz.kkyh] jktuSfrd nyksa dk laxBu cu tkuk vkfnA ij lj] eq>s yxrk gS ;g [kRe gksxkA

vè;{k% vPNk&vPNk! rks vki jktuhfr fOkKku esa 'kksèk Hkh dj jgs gSaA D;k VkWfid gS vkids 'kksèk dk\

yksdrkaf=kd lektoknh èkkjk ls yksfg;k izHkkfor Fks ij fgVyj bl izHkko dk eg”k nkok djrk FkkA okLro esa og fo'kq¼ rkuk'kkg Fkk ftls lkE;okfn;ksa o ;gwfn;ksa ls ?k`.kk FkhA

vè;{k% fcjgk rks Hkkstiqjh dk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj vkidk {ks=k rks voèkh dk gS\ fiQj------

lquhy% lj] vkYgk dh rjg gh fcjgk iwjs voèk {ks=k esa izpfyr gSA gekjs bykds esa fcjgk ds naxy gksrs Fks vkSj gekjs ckck blesa fl¼gLr Fks] mUgha ls ;g 'kkSd eq>s yxkA

vè;{k% fcjgk dh lcls [kkl fo'ks"krk D;k gksrh gS\

lquhy% lj] ;g cjoS Nan dk foLrkj yxrk gSA lj] tgk¡ ,d O;fDr dksbZ ckr dgrk gS vkSj nwljk mldk tokc nsrk gSA vkerkSj ij blds izlax gekjh èkk£ed fojklr ls fy;s tkrs gSa vFkok ikfjokfjd thou lsA

(vè;{k lnL; 1 dh rjiQ ladsr djrs gSaA)

lnL; 1% lquhy th] dkSu&lk jktuhfr 'kkL=kh vkidks lcls vfèkd izHkkfor djrk gS\

lquhy% lj] eSa izkphu jktuhfrKksa esa pk.kD; vkSj vkèkqfud jktuhfr 'kkfL=k;ksa esa Jh jtuh dksBkjh ls cgqr izHkkfor gw¡A

lnL; 1% Jh jtuh dksBkjh dk izeq[k dke D;k jgk gS\

lquhy% lj] bUgksaus fodkl'khy lekt vè;;u ihB (lh,lMh,l) dh LFkkiuk dh rFkk ^ikWfyfVDl bu bafM;k* tSlh iqLrd fy[khA jktuhfr esa lkekftd vè;;u dks bUgksaus ekU;rk fnyokbZA

lnL; 1% vkius fganh ls Hkh iksLV xzstq,'ku fd;k] ,slk D;ksa\

lquhy% lj] lp ;gh gS fd eq>s lcls igys ,d vnn ukSdjh dh ryk'k FkhA eq>s yxk fganh ls ,e-,- djus ds ckn esjs ikl ,d vkSj fodYi [kqy tk,xkA

lnL; 1% ySfVu vesfjdk esa lkbeu cksfyoj dk D;k ;ksxnku jgk gS\

lquhy% lj] os ySfVu vesfjdk ds mifuos'kksa dh vk”kknh ds fy;s vkthou la?k"kZjr jgsA os ,d lSU; usrk Fks] ftudk tUe rks osus”kq,yk esa gqvk Fkk] ij Lisu ds lkezkT;okn ds f[kykiQ os laiw.kZ ySfVu vesfjdk ds fy;s yM+sA cksfyfo;k dk uke mUgha ds lEeku esa j[kk x;kA osus”kq,yk

baVjO;w [kaM vkidh gkWch


D;k gS vkidh gkWch\dqN egÙoiw.kZ gkWch”k ij vk/kfjr dkWye

zz viuk ilanhnk xhr@xk;d@oknd@xhrdkj@laxhrdkj@ok|@------- dkj.kksa lfgrA uewus ds rkSj ij mudh dksbZ jpuk Hkh lqukus ds fy;s rS;kj jgsaA

zz xk;dksa@okndksa@laxhrdkjksa@xhrdkjksa vkfn dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa ij os fcanq tks bUgsa vU; ls fof'k"V cukrs gSaA

zz laxhr dk bfrgkl] fodklØe] iqLrdsa] èkkjk,¡ vkfn] xk;dksa@okndksa@laxhrdkjksa dk bfrgkl Hkh blesa 'kkfey gSA

zz laxhr dk foHkktu 'kkL=kh;] yksdfiz;] yksd laxhr] bl foHkktu dk vkèkkjA

zz fganqLrkuh laxhr o dukZVd laxhr esa varj] nksuksa èkkjkvksa dk xgu vè;;u] dykdkjksa o izo`fÙk;ksa dh tkudkjhA

zz laxhr ds ?kjkuksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh] ?kjkuksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡] mudk egÙo rFkk ;ksxnkuA

zz Hkkjrh; laxhr dh jkx&jkxfu;ksa ls tqM+h tkudkjh] jkxksa dh voèkkj.kk,¡] jkxksa dk bfrgkl o muds jpf;rkA

zz Hkkjrh; laxhr esa xq#&f'k"; ijaijk ij fo'ks"k n`f"V] mldh ,sfrgkfldrk o egÙo (gfjnkl&rkulsu ls ysdj vc rd)A

zz yksdfiz; èkkjk dk oxhZdj.k] flus laxhr ls brj èkkjkvksa dk ifjp;] tSls& baMhikWi] yksd laxhr vkfnA

zz flus laxhr dk bfrgkl] ifjorZuksa ij u”kjA

zz Ý;w”ku laxhr ,oa feDl laxhr ds chp varj] Ý;w”ku ds ykHk o [krjs] oS'ohdj.k dk izHkkoA

zz Hkkjrh; laxhr ij oSnsf'kd izHkko dk bfrgkl (ik'pkR; izHkko] oSf'od izHkko)A

zz Hkkjrh; laxhr dk oSf'od foLrkj ,oa izHkkoA fo'o Lrj ds laxhr&jktnwr] Hkkjrh; izHkkoksa okys laxhr dk ifjp;A

zz Hkkjrh; laxhr dh iru'khy izo`fÙk;k¡] v'yhyrk] folaLÑrhdj.kA

zz laxhr ls lacafèkr laLFkk,¡ ,oa mudk ;ksxnkuA Hkkr[kaMs fo|ky;] laxhr dyk ukVd vdkneh] fLid eSds vkfnA

zz laxhr lquus ds cnyrs ekè;e] xzkeksiQksu] Vsi] lhMh vkfnA laxhr lacaèkh osclkbV~lA

zz laxhr ds fy;s izfl¼ dqN LFkku] uxj] mu LFkkuksa dh ijaijk ls lac¼ bfrgklA

zz D;k egku laxhrdkjksa dk ;qx lekIr gks jgk gS\ D;k ia- tljkt] fxfjtk nsoh ;k mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ vkf[kjh ih<+h ds laxhrdkj gSa ;k mEehn o ijaijk dk;e gS\

zz Hkkjr esa fons'kksa dh rjg cSaM iz.kkyh dk ”;knk fodkl D;ksa ugha gqvk\ izeq[k Hkkjrh; cSaM_ n- ,f'k;kbZ cSaM vkSj if'peh cSaM esa varjA

zz f g a n q L r k u h l a x h r d k li Q ju ke k %

gfjnkl&rkulsu&[kqljks ,oa cStwckojk ds

fo'ks"k lanHkks± esaA

zz VIik@x”ky@Bqejh vkfn dk vFkZ] bldk

forj.k] foLrkj ,oa muds dykdkjksa ij

fo'ks"kA

zz ckmy ijaijk dh rjg ns'k dh vU; ijaijk,¡]

mudk mn~xe] mudh fo'ks"krk,¡A

zz johanz laxhr dk vkèkkj] mlls tqM+s xhrdkj]

laxhrdkj o xk;dA

zz egku xk;dksa o laxhrdkjksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ]

ifjp; o thofu;k¡A

zz iwoksZÙkj ds laxhr ij dqN fo'ks"k tkudkfj;k¡A

zz yksd laxhr] Hkkjr ds ijaijkxr laxhr ds ckjs

esa ukpk@fcnsfl;k@ukSVadh@rek'kk@pSrh vkfnA

zz jktLFkku dk laxhr&eaxfu;kj] yka?kkA

zz ijaijkxr laxhrdkj tutkfr;k¡& gjcksys]

ukFk] lisjs] tksxh] cSjkxh] Hkksik] tks'kh vkfnA

zz VSysaVgaV gsrq dk;ZØeksa dk egÙo vkSj mudh

lhek,¡A

zz fcukdk@flckdk xhr ekyk dk egÙo] vehu

l;kuh] vUuw diwj tSls izLrqrdÙkkZvksa dk

egÙoA

zz jsfM;ks] dE;qfuVh jsfM;ks dk laxhr ds izlkj

esa ;ksxnku] blls tqM+s lokyA

fiNys vad esa geus fØdsV dks gkWch ds :i esa ysdj iwNs tkus okys iz'uksa ds izk:i ds ckjs esa ppkZ dh FkhA bl vad esa ge ^Hkkjrh; laxhr* ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA oLrqr% gkWch ds :i esa laxhr lquuk] laxhr esa #fp j[kuk] laxhr esa xfr j[kuk vkfn lHkh eqn~ns lekfgr gSaA fiQj Hkkjrh; laxhr o ik'pkR; laxhr dk foHkktu rks gS gh] lkFk gh oSlk gh foHkktu 'kkL=kh; o yksdfiz; laxhr ds :i esa Hkh gSA blds brj Hkh laxhr ds dbZ vk;ke gSa ftlds ckjs esa de&ls&de cqfu;knh tkudkjh rks gksuh gh pkfg;sA blls ;g {ks=k vR;ar O;kid gks tkrk gS vkSj blds lHkh i{kksa dks ,d ys[k esa lekfgr dj ikuk dnkfi laHko ugha gSA blfy;s ^laxhr* gkWch j[kus okyksa ds fy;s Hkkjrh; laxhr o oSf'od laxhr ds :i esa nks Hkkxksa esa lkexzh nh tk jgh gSA vk'kk gS fd vki nksuksa Hkkxksa dks feykdj laxhr lacaèkh lHkh eqn~nksa ls :&c&: gks ldsaxsA bl vad esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ls lacafèkr yxHkx lHkh fcanqvksa dks 'kkfey djus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA

ppkZ fuEukafdr fcanqvksa ds bnZ&fxnZ gks ldrh gS vkSj laHko gS fd iz'uksa ds vla[; izk:i cusa] ij ge ys[k dh lhekvksa dh otg ls dqN vfèkdre laHkkfor {ks=kksa o iz'uksa ij è;ku dsafnzr djsaxsA laxhr dks gkWch ds :i esa j[kus okys çfr;ksxh fuEufyf[kr eqn~nksa ds bnZ&fxnZ vè;;u] fMLdlu vkfn djds Lo;a dks rS;kj dj ldrs gSa%

ekufp= ls lh[ksa


ekufp=ksaekufp=k&1

ç'u

1. Øekad 1 ls fpfÉr ml LFkku dh igpku dhft;s ftls Hkkjr ds igys fMftVy xk¡o ds :i esa fodflr fd;k x;k gSA

2. 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), 2(d), 2(e) vkSj 2(f) ds :i esa fpfÉr mu Ng xk¡oksa dh igpku djsa tks dS'kysl dh rjiQ lcls igys c<+

pqds gSaA

3. Hkkjr ds igys vkèkkj (Aadhar) xk¡o dh igpku dhft;s ftls Øekad (3) ls fpfÉr fd;k x;k gSA

4. Øekad (4) ls fpfÉr ml LFkku dh igpku dhft;s tgk¡ ls izèkkuea=kh eksnh us ^mTt~oyk Ldhe* dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;kA

5. Øekad (5) ds :i esa fpfÉr ml LFkku dh igpku dhft;s tgk¡ izèkkuea=kh }kjk ^jk"Vªh; izfrHkwfr cktkj laLFkku* (,uvkb,l,e) ds

u, dSEil dk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;kA

6. Øekad (6) ds :i esa fpfÉr Hkkjr ds igys dS'kysl }hi dh igpku dhft;sA (bl ekufp=k ds mÙkj ist&278 ij ns[ksa)

tk¡fp;s fd D;k vki bu uD'kksa esa

ekufp= ls lh[ksa


ls lh[ksaekufp=k&2

ç'u

1. Øekad (1) fpfÉr ml laidZ dh igpku dhft;s tks nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh Hkw&jktuhfr ds fodkl esa egÙoiw.kZ FkkA

2- fgUn egklkxj esa fLFkr ml }hi lewg dk uke crk,¡ tks rhu ns'kksa ds fy;s j.kuhfrd egÙo j[krk gSA gky gh esa bl fookn dk lekèkku fudkyus esa enn djus ds fy;s fczVsu us Hkkjr dks vkeaf=kr fd;k FkkA

3- Øekad 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), 3(d) vkSj 3(e) ls fpfÉr mu ik¡p 'kgjksa dh igpku dhft;s tks thMhih] 2015 ds lanHkZ esa 'kh"kZ oSf'od egkuxjksa ds :i esa ns[ks tk jgs gSaA

4- Øekad (4) ls fpfÉr ml jkT; dh igpku dhft;s tgk¡ eklZ fM”kVZ fjlpZ LVs'ku (,eMhvkj,l) vofLFkr gSA

5- Øekad 5(a), 5(b) vkSj 5(c) ds :i esa fpfÉr ns'kksa ds eè; tyok;q ifjorZu ls lacaf/r dM+h dh igpku dhft;sA

6- bulSV fp=k (6) esa n'kkZ, x, ml ns'k dh igpku dhft;s] tgk¡ oSKkfudksa us 7000 o"kZ igys ds ik"kk.k;qxhu ekuoksa }kjk izFke iznwf"kr unh dh fo"kkDrrk dh laHkkoukvksa dh [kkst dh gSA

7- Øekad (7) ls fpfÉr bl jkt/kuh 'kgj dh igpku dhft;s tgk¡ :l] rqdhZ vkSj bZjku ds chp lhfj;k 'kkafr okÙkkZ laiUu gqbZA

(bl ekufp=k ds mÙkj ist&278 ij ns[ksa)

js[kkafdr LFkkuksa dks igpkurs gSa\

lelkef;d eqn~nksa ij laHkkfor iz'u&mÙkj


iz'u% fofHkUu fjiksVks± ds vuqlkj oSf'od vkfFkZd vlekurk yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gSA bl oSf'od vkfFkZd vlekurk ds yxkrkj c<+us ds ihNs dkSu&ls izeq[k dkj.k mÙkjnk;h gSa\ bl vlekurk dks de djus ds fy;s dkSu&ls dne mBk, tkus pkfg;sa\

mÙkj% iwathokn ds izfr c<+rs vkd"kZ.k us yksxksa dks vR;fèkd èku bdV~Bk djus dh vksj izsfjr fd;k gSA blds dkj.k nqfu;k ds dqN izfr'kr yksxksa ds ikl gh vR;fèkd ek=kk esa èku ,d=k gks x;k gS] tcfd 'ks"k cM+h vkcknh ewyHkwr lqfoèkkvksa ls Hkh oafpr gksdj thou thus dks vfHk'kIr gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij o"kZ 2005 esa flVh xzqi dh fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k fd vesfjdk ds 'kh"kZ 5 izfr'kr yksxksa ds ikl vesfjdk dh dqy laifÙk dk 60 izfr'kr gSA blh izdkj] Hkkjr esa 'kh"kZ nl m|ksxifr;ksa ds gkFkksa esa dqy laifÙk dk vR;f/d cM+k fgLlk fufgr gSA

vkfFkZd vlekurk ds yxkrkj c<+us dk dkj.k

�� vkfFkZd vlekurk c<+us ds ihNs lcls izeq[k dkj.k HkkSfrdokn ds izfr yksxksa dk c<+rk vkd"kZ.k gSA bl HkkSfrdoknh laLÑfr esa yksx èku vftZr djus dh vksj vfèkdkfèkd mUeq[k gSaA èku vftZr djus ds bl yksHk us iwathokn dks c<+kok fn;k gSA

�� eg”k vkfFkZd fodkl nj dks gh vafre eku fy;k x;k gS] tcfd bl vkfFkZd fodkl dk lekt esa leqfpr c¡Vokjk gksuk ”k:jh gSA

�� iwath izèkku fodkl ds varxZr jks”kxkj ds cgqr de volj gksrs gSa D;ksafd vfèkdka'k dk;Z e'khuksa ds }kjk gh laiUu dj fy;k tkrk gSA jks”kxkj ds voljksa esa deh ls lHkh dks vkfFkZd fodkl dk ykHk ugha fey ikrkA

�� orZeku le; esa eqDr O;kikj (Free Trade) dks ojh;rk nh tk jgh gS] tcfd ;g fl¼ gks pqdk gS fd eqDr O;kikj ls ykHk dsoy vfèkd fodflr ns'kksa dks gh izkIr gksrk gSA

laHkkfor iz'u&mÙkjdjsaV vQs;lZ ls tqM+s

(eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s)

bl dkj.k ls de fodflr ns'kksa esa vfèkdka'k yksx eqDr O;kikj ds ykHk ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA

�� varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k ,oa fo'o cSad vkfn ds }kjk fodflr ns'kksa dks ojh;rk nh tkrh gS] tks oSf'od vkfFkZd vlekurk dks c<+kus ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSaA

vkfFkZd vlekurk dks de djus ds fy;s fd;s tkus okys izeq[k mik;

�� vkfFkZd fodkl dh nj dks c<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk lekos'kh fodkl ij Hkh cy fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA

�� la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k tSls laLFkkuksa esa fodkl'khy ,oa vYifodflr ns'kksa dks vfèkd egÙo fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA

�� f'k{kk ,oa dkS'ky fodkl ij ”kksj nsdj ukxfjdksa dks dq'ky ekud lalkèku ds :i esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA

�� fo'o ds iwathifr;ksa dks xsV~l&ciQsV ekWMy dks viukuk pkfg;s] rkfd budh laifÙk xjhcksa ds thou Lrj dks lqèkkjus esa enn dj ldsA

fu"d"kZ

fu"d"kZr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd oSf'od vkfFkZd vlekurk yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gS] tks xSj lekos'kh fodkl dk urhtk gSA bl vlekurk dks mi;qZDr mik;ksa ds ekè;e ls de fd;k tk ldrk gSA

iz'u% pquko ds ifjizs{; esa ^LVsV iQafMax* (State Funding) ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ LVsV iQafMax dks ykxw djus ds lacaèk esa dkSu&lh izeq[k pqukSfr;k¡ fo|eku gSa] Li"V dhft;s\ Hkkjr esa LVsV iQafMax dks ykxw djus ds fy;s vki dkSu&lk O;ogkfjd ,oa loZekU; mik; lq>k ldrs gSa\

mÙkj% ^LVsV iQafMax* (State Funding) ls rkRi;Z pquko ds nkSjku lHkh jktuhfrd nyksa dks jkT; dh vksj ls èku miyCèk djk;s tkus ls gSA

blds i'pkr~ fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd ny ;k mEehnokj dks Lo;a ds èku ,oa lalkèkuksa dk pquko esa iz;ksx djus dh vuqefr ugha gksxh vFkkZr~ dsoy jkT; ds }kjk iznÙk jkf'k ls gh pquko esa O;; fd;k tk ldsxk u fd fdlh vU; lzksr lsA

Hkkjr esa dkiQh le; ls ^LVsV iQafMax* dh ekax dh tk jgh gS fdarq vHkh rd bl ekeys esa dksbZ fo'ks"k lgefr ugha cu ldh gSA LVsV iQafMax dh ekax ds ihNs lcls cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd pquko ds nkSjku mEehnokjksa ds }kjk fuèkkZfjr lhek ls vfèkd èku dk O;; fd;k tkrk gSA pquko esa O;; fd;k tkus okyk vfèkdka'k èku v?kksf"kr gksrk gS ftlds dkj.k Hkz"Vkpkj dks c<+kok feyrk gSA

LVsV QafMax dks ykxw djus ds ekxZ esa izeq[k pqukSfr;k¡

�� ^LVsV iQafMax* dks ykxw djus ds ekxZ esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh ;g gS fd fdl ikVhZ dks iQaM iznku fd;k tk, vkSj ;fn iQaM fn;k tk, rks fdruk fn;k tk,A

�� ;fn lHkh jktuhfrd nyksa dks iQaM iznku fd;k tkrk gS rks vusd nyksa dk xBu fliZQ iQaM izkIr djus ds mís'; ls gh fd;k tk ldrk gS] Hkys gh mudk dksbZ tukèkkj u gksA

�� ;fn dsoy jktuhfrd nyksa dks iQaM iznku fd;k tkrk gS] rks mu mEehnokjksa dk D;k gksxk tks funZyh; mEehnokjksa ds :i esa pquko yM+rs gSaA

LVsV QafMax dks ykxw djus dk O;kogkfjd ,oa loZekU; mik;

^LVsV iQafMax* dks ykxw djuk ;|fi dfBu gS fdarq bls fuEu izdkj ls ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSµ

�� LVsV iQafMax dks u rks jktuhfrd nyksa ds vkèkkj ij vkSj u gh mEehnokjksa ds vkèkkj ij ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg;s] cfYd bls izkIr erksa ds vkèkkj ij ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA

okn&fookn


i{k

^tYyhdV~Vw* dks ysdj rfeyukMq dk vke tuekul ,oa isVk ;k ,MCY;wchvkbZ (Animal Welfare Board of India-AWBI) lfgr vU; i'kq vfèkdkjksa dks ysdj dk;Z dj jgh laLFkk,¡ rFkk dk;ZdÙkkZ vkeus&lkeus [kM+s gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd bl elys dks ysdj U;k;ikfydk rFkk foèkkf;dk esa Hkh Vdjko ifjyf{kr gks jgk gSA loZizFke ;g mRlo gS D;k] bls le>rs gSaA ^tYyhdV~Vw* 'kCn dk fuekZ.k ftu nks 'kCnksa lss feydj gqvk gS] os gSa& ^tYyh* ,oa ^dV~Vw*A ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ^tYyh* 'kCn dk izknqHkkZo lYyh* 'kCn ls gqvk gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS& ^flDdk*A ogha] ^dV~Vw* 'kCn dk vFkZ gksrk gS& ^caèkk gqvk*A bl 'kCn ds vFkZ ls gh blds vk;kstu dh izfØ;k dks Hkh le>k tk ldrk gSA bl [ksy esa tks O;fDr cSy dh ihB ij lokj gksdj mls fu;af=kr djus esa dke;kc gks tkrk gS]mls cSy ds lhaxksa ls caèkh >ksyh esa gksus okyh iqjLdkj jkf'k fey tkrh gSA vr% ewy :i ls bl vk;kstu dk mís'; bruk gh gSA ysfdu vc ;gha ls gesa le>uk gksxk fd tks yksx bl [ksy dh rqyuk if'peh ns'kksa] tSls& Lisu esa gksus okyh lk¡M+ksa dh yM+kbZ] ls dj jgs gSa mUgsa bl [ksy ds lkFk&lkFk blds vk;kstu ds ewy mís'; dh

okn&fooknD;k tYyhdV~Vw ij izfrca/k lkekftd&lkaLd`frd ijaijk dh vuns[kh gS\

tgk¡ ,d rjiQ ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; o"kZ 2014 esa fn;s x, vius iwoZorhZ fu.kZ; ls Vl&ls&el ugha gqvk] ogha psUubZ dk êjhuk rV* izn'kZudkfj;ksa ls [kpk[kp Hkjk gqvk Fkk vkSj bl jLlkd'kh dk eq[; eqík Fkk& ^tYyhdV~Vw*A ^tYyhdV~Vw* iksaxy ds nkSjku gksus okyk lk¡M+ksa@cSyksa dks fu;af=kr djus dk ,d [ksy gS ftls o"kZ 2014 esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us î'kqvksa ds lkFk gksus okyh ¯glk* ds vkèkkj ij izfrcafèkr dj fn;k Fkk_ ogha turk ds fy;s ;g mldh ijaijk vkSj laLÑfr ls lacafèkr ,d vk;kstu gSA vr% bl vad esa geus ^tYyhdV~Vw* dks gh okn&fookn dk fo"k; cuk;k gSA bl fo"k; dk leFkZu djrs gq, u rks gekjk mís'; ekuuh; U;k;ky; ds foosd ij iz'u mBkuk gS vkSj u gh blds foi{k dk mís'; fdlh tuHkkouk dks Bsl igq¡pkuk gS_ gekjk iz;kl iw.kZ :i ls vdknfed n`f"Vdks.k ls î{k&foi{k* ds fofHkUu rdks± dk ladyu ,oa fo'ys"k.k gSA

dksbZ cqfu;knh le> gS gh ughaA njvly] bl vk;kstu dk mís'; euksjatu ek=k gS] 'kfDr izn'kZu ;k tkuojksa ls Øwjrk blesa gS gh ughaA bl [ksy esa 'kkfey lk¡M+@cSy ds lkFk bl izdkj dk dksbZ Øwj O;ogkj ugha gksrk gS ftlls fd cSy dh e`R;q gksA oLrqr% cSy dks NksM+s tkus o lekiu js[kk ds chp dqN ehVjksa dh gh nwjh gksrh gS tks cM+h vklkuh ls 30-40 lsdsaM ds chp r; gksrh gS rFkk blh vfr vYi le; esa tks O;fDr dqN {k.kksa ds fy;s cSy dh ihB ij fcuk fu;a=k.k [kks, cSBus esa liQy gks tkrk gS] mls izrhdkRed :i ls ;g ekurs gq, fd blus cSy ij fu;a=k.k dj fy;k gS] fotsrk ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA vr% brus vYi le; esa cgqr vfèkd Øwjrk gks ;g oSls Hkh laHko ughaA

lkFk gh] bl [ksy esa u rks cSyksa dks gkfu igq¡pkus dh b”kk”kr gS vkSj u gh izfrHkkxh dks dksbZ Hkh gfFk;kj vkfn ds bLrseky dh b”kk”kr gksrh gSA nwljk] blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ rF; ;g gS fd tYyhdV~Vw* dk ;g vk;kstu eg”k euksjatu gsrq vk;ksftr gksus okyk [ksy ugha vfirq lSadM+ksa o"kks± ls vk;ksftr gksrs vk jgs bl mRlo dk xgjk lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ gS_ tks fdlh Hkh ,sls O;fDr ds fy;s le>uk eqf'dy gS tks ml ijaijk vkSj laLÑfr ds chp ls u vk;k gks ;k mls mldh Bhd le> u gksA njvly] iksaxy ds rhljs fnu êV~Vw iksaxy* dk ioZ euk;k tkrk gSA eV~Vw dk vFkZ gksrk gS cSy vFkok lk¡M+A êV~Vw

iksaxy* ds volj ij bu cSyksa dh iwtk gksrh gS vkSj fiQj mlh dM+h esa tYyhdV~Vw dk Hkh vk;kstu gksrk gSA fdlh Hkh Ñf"k izèkku ns'k esa tc Ñf"k ds vR;kèkqfud lkèku miyCèk ugha Fks] ml le; cSy tSls i'kq dh D;k Hkwfedk jgh gksxh ;g le>k tk ldrk gSA bl n`f"V ls êV~Vw iksaxy* fdlkuksa ds fy;s ,d vR;ar izklafxd mRlo gSA bl vk;kstu dh tM+sa fdruh izkphu gSa bls ,d mnkgj.k& fd bl [ksy dk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa mYys[k ^laxe lkfgR;* tSls izkphu lkfgR; ,oa vusd izkphu Ñfr;ksa esa feyrk gS ls le>k tk ldrk gSA vr% ,sls esa ge fdlh Hkh ijaijkxr vk;kstu dks ftlls vke&tuekul dh Hkkouk,¡ tqM+h gSa] dSls ,d >Vds esa izfrcafèkr dj ldrs gSa\ vkSj fo'ks"kdj rc] tc blls o`gn~ lkekftd ;k jk"Vªh; fgrksa dk nwj&nwj rd dksbZ uqdlku ugha gks jgk gksA

orZeku ifjn`'; esa foKku ,oa rduhdh us vusd ,sls midj.kksa dks bZtkn fd;k gS] ftUgksaus Ñf"k dk;ks± esa iz;qDr gksus okys i'kqvksa dh Hkwfedk dks vizklafxd cuk fn;kA nwljh rjiQ] i'kqikyu ds {ks=k esa Hkh xk;&HkSal tSls nqèkk: i'kqvksa ij rks è;ku fn;k tkrk gS] ijarq cNM+ksa dks de vk£Fkd egÙo gksus rFkk oh;Zjksi.k dh Ñf=ke rduhdsa vk tkus dh otg ls ;w¡ gh NksM+ nsuk ;k fiQj dlkb;ksa ds gkFkksa csp nsuk vke O;ogkj gks x;k gSA bldk lhèkk vlj gekjh ns'kh ^cSyksa* dh uLy ds foyqIr gksus ij iM+ ldrk gSA ns[kk tk, rks

&txUukFk d';i


foosdkuan

�� Kku Lo;eso orZeku gS] euq"; dsoy mldk vkfo"dkj djrk gSA × × × × ×

�� mBks vkSj tkxks vkSj rc rd er #dks tc rd fd rqe viuk y{; çkIr ugha dj ysrsA

× × × × ×�� vxj èku nwljksa dh HkykbZ djus esa enn djs rks bldk dqN ewY; gS] vU;Fkk ;g fliQZ cqjkbZ dk ,d <sj gS vkSj blls ftruk tYnh NqVdkjk fey tk, mruk csgrj gS---

× × × × ×�� ,d fopkj yks] ml fopkj dks viuk thou cuk yksµ mlds ckjs esa lkspks] mlds lius ns•ks] ml fopkj dks ft;ks] vius efLr"d] ekalisf'k;ksa] ulksa] 'kjhj ds gj fgLls dks ml fopkj esa Mwc tkus nks] vkSj ckdh lHkh fopkj dks fdukjs j• nksA ;gh liQy gksus dk rjhdk gS---

× × × × ×�� rqe iQqVckWy ds tfj;s LoxZ ds ”;knk fudV gksxs ctk; xhrk dk vè;;u djus dsA

× × × × ×�� 'kfDr thou gS] fucZyrk e`R;q gS_ foLrkj thou gS] ladqpu e`R;q gS_ çse thou gS] }s"k e`R;q gS---

fofy;e 'ksDlfi;j

�� ;g nqfu;k ,d jaxeap gS vkSj lHkh iq#"k vkSj fL=k;k¡ egt fdjnkj gSaA mudks vkuk vkSj tkuk gksrk gS vkSj ,d O;fDr vius thou esa dbZ fdjnkj fuHkkrk gS---

× × × × ×�� egkurk ls ?kcjkb;s ugha_ dqN yksx egku iSnk gksrs gSa] dqN egkurk gkfly djrs gSa vkSj dqN yksxksa ds Åij egkurk Fkksi nh tkrh gS---

× × × × ×�� ge tkurs gSa fd ge D;k gSa]ij ge ;g ugha tkurs dh ge D;k gks ldrs gSa---

× × × × ×�� uke esa D;k j•k gS\ vxj ge xqykc dks dqN vkSj dgsa rks Hkh mldh lqxaèk mruh gh eèkqj gksxhA

× × × × ×

,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke

�� blls igys fd lius lp gksa] vkidks lius ns•us gksaxs!× × × × ×

fuca/k ds fy;s mi;ksxh m¼j.kfucaèkksa esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ lwfDr;ksa vkSj fo}kuksa ds dFkuksa dk iz;ksx vkids fucaèk dks vkSj vfèkd thoar o izkekf.kd cukrk gSA blh dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ge lkekU;r% fucaèk [kaM ds varxZr oqQN egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij izfl¼ fo}kuksa ds oqQN izHkkoiw.kZ dFku ;k dfork,¡ vkfn izLrqr djrs jgs gSaA bu dFkuksa o lwfDr;ksa dk mi;ksx vki fofHkUu fucaèkksa esa mudh izklafxdrk vkSj vius foosd ds vuqlkj dj ldrs gSaA vkils fuosnu gS fd bu m¼j.kksa dks yxkrkj ladfyr djrs jgsa vkSj tks m¼j.k ”;knk jkspd yxsa] mUgsa chp&chp esa nksgjkrs jgsa rkfd ijh{kk esa mUgsa fy[kus esa vkidks leL;k u vk,A

�� ,d lcd tks gj ,d ns'k phu ls lh• ldrk gS] og gS xzkeh.k Lrj ds m|eksa] mÙke LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk lqfoèkk,¡ cukus ij vfèkd è;ku dsafær djuk!

× × × × ×�� fdlh fo|kFkhZ dh lcls ”k:jh fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls ,d gS iz'u iwNuk_ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ç'u iwNus nhft;s!

× × × × ×�� eSa ges'kk bl ckr dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj Fkk fd eSa dqN ph”ksa ugha cny ldrk!

× × × × ×�� vxj fdlh ns'k dks Hkz"Vkpkj eqDr vkSj lqUnj&eu okys yksxksa dk ns'k cukuk gS rks esjk n`<+rkiwoZd ekuuk gS fd lekt ds rhu çeq• lnL; ;s dj ldrs gSa& firk] ekrk vkSj xq#!

× × × × ×�� ,d vPNh iqLrd g”kkj nksLrksa ds cjkcj gksrh gS tcfd ,d vPNk nksLr ,d iqLrdky; ds cjkcj gksrk gS!

× × × × ×Hkxr flag

�� eSa bl ckr ij ”kksj nsrk gw¡ fd eSa egÙokdka{kk] vk'kk vkSj thou ds çfr vkd"kZ.k ls Hkjk gqvk gw¡] ij eSa ”k:jr iM+us ij ;s lc R;kx ldrk gw¡] vkSj ;gh lPpk cfynku gS---

× × × × ×�� vfgalk dks vkRe&cy ds fl¼kar dk leFkZu çkIr gS ftlesa varr% çfr}a}h ij thr dh vk'kk esa d"V lgk tkrk gS] ysfdu rc D;k gks tc ;s ç;kl viuk y{; çkIr djus esa vliQy gks tk,a¡¡¡\ rHkh gesa vkRe&cy dks 'kkjhfjd cy ls tksM+us dh ”k:jr iM+rh gS rkfd ge vR;kpkjh vkSj Øwj nq'eu ds jgeksdje ij fuHkZj u jgsaA

× × × × ×�� Økafr dh ryokj rks fliQZ fopkjksa dh 'kku ij gh rs”k gksrh gS!

× × × × ×�� tks Hkh O;fDr fodkl ds fy, •M+k gksxk mls gj ,d #f<+oknh ph”k dks pqukSrh nsuh gksxh rFkk mlesa vfo'okl djuk gksxk!

× × × × ×�� esjh dye esjh Hkkoukvksa ls bl dnj :c: gS fd eSa tc Hkh b'd fy•uk pkgw¡ rks ges'kk bUdykc fy•k tkrk gS!

fouksck Hkkos

�� Lora=k ogh gks ldrk gS tks viuk dke vius vki dj ysrk gS!× × × × ×

�� dsoy vaxzs”kh lh•us esa ftruk Je djuk iM+rk gS] mrus Je esa Hkkjr dh lHkh Hkk"kk,¡ lh•h tk ldrh gSa! nnn

VkWij ls ckrphr---


vferk% thou esa dbZ dfBukb;k¡ vkrh gSa] drq bu dfBukb;ksa ls ijs eSaus y{; dks lnSo è;ku esa j[kdj fujarj iz;kl fd;kA viuh dfe;ksa dk vkdyu djrs gq, mUgsa nwj djus ds fy;s dBksj Je fd;kA

n`f"V% vkidh liQyrk esa fuLlansg vkids lkFk&lkFk dqN vU; O;fDr;ksa vkSj f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dk Hkh ;ksxnku jgk gksxkA viuh ;ksX;rk vkSj ifjJe ds vykok vki viuh liQyrk dk Js; fdUgsa nsuk pkgsaxh\vferk% esjh liQyrk esa lkSjHk lj o fnYyh vkbZ-,-,l- laLFkku dk vrqyuh; ;ksxnku jgkA buds vykok] ekrk&firk dk Hkjiwj liksVZ] NksVh cgu o"kkZ xqIrk o HkkbZ jktdey] nksLrksa esa 'kf'k iztkifr ,oa fjpk ¯lg ifjgkj dk thou ds gj dBksj {k.k ij fu%LokFkZ lkFk us eq>s viuh liQyrk ds vkSj djhc yk fn;kA

n`f"V% izkjafHkd ijh{kk ,oa eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u ds foLr`r ikB~;Øe dks ns[krs gq, bldh rS;kjh ds fy;s vkius D;k j.kuhfr viukbZ\ dqN fo'ks"k [kaMksa ij vfèkd cy fn;k ;k lHkh ij leku cy\ vkidh jk; esa D;k dqN [kaMksa dks xkS.k ekudj NksM+k tk ldrk gSS\vferk% izkjafHkd o eq[; ijh{kk ds flyscl dks ns[krs gq, rFkk foxr o"kks± ds iz'u&i=kksa dk

n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs% flfoy lsok ijh{kk esa mPp jSad ij p;fur gksus ij vkidks ^n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs* dh vksj ls gkfnZd cèkkbZA p;fur gksdj vkidks dSlk yx jgk gS\vferk xqIrk% th èkU;okn! p;fur gksus o ^VkWi&10* esa vkus ij vR;ar izlUurk gks jgh gSA

n`f"V% D;k bl ijh{kk esa liQy gksuk gh vkids thou dk loksZPp y{; Fkk\ ;fn ugha] rks vkxs vkidh fuxkg fdu mís';ksa ij yxh gS\vferk% esjs thou dk loksZPp y{; lekt ds

oxZ fo'ks"kµ efgykvksa o cPpksa ds thou esa

viuh ldkjkRed Hkwfedk fuHkkuk gSA vHkh rd

tgk¡ tSlk volj feyk gS] eSaus viuk iz;kl

fd;k gSA pw¡fd flfoy lsok bl y{; dks ikus

esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ iFk gS] ftls ikj djus ij

vius y{; dks O;kidrk ds lkFk fuHkk;k tk

ldrk gSA bl mís'; gsrq bl ijh{kk esa liQy

gksuk ,d y{; FkkA

n`f"V% flfoy lsokvksa esa ,slk D;k gS fd yk[kksa ;qok budh vksj vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa\ vkids fy;s bu lsokvksa esa tkus dk D;k vkd"kZ.k Fkk\

vferk% lekt esa izfr"Bk] dk;kZs± dh fofoèkrk] yksxksa rd igq¡p] ;s lHkh ,sls dkj.k gSa ftuls ;qok budh vksj vkd£"kr gksrs gSaA ;|fi O;fDrxr thou esa Hkh lsok ds dbZ volj gSa] drq flfoy lsokvksa ds }kjk ge lkS] g”kkj ls vkxs c<+dj djksM+ksa dh la[;k esa yksxksa ds thou esa ifjorZu yk ldrs gSaA bUgha dkj.kksa ls eSa Hkh bu lsokvksa dh rjiQ vkdf"kZr gqbZA

n`f"V% vDlj dgk tkrk gS fd ,d&Ms<+ o"kZ rd dBksj esgur djus ds ckn Hkh bl ijh{kk dh rS;kjh larks"ktud rjhds ls iwjh ugha gks ikrhA D;k ;g lp gS\ D;k vki viuh rS;kjh ls larq"V Fkha ,oa liQyrk ds çfr vk'kkoku Fkha\vferk% CGPSC dh eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s ,d&Ms<+ o"kZ dh dBksj esgur i;kZIr gSA ;g esgur mfpr ekxZn'kZu o vuqdwy ikB~; lkexzh }kjk dh tk, rks liQyrk vo'; feyrh gSA CGPSC ds ikB~;Øe esa bruh fofoèkrk gS fd eSa viuh rS;kjh ls iw.kZ larq"V rks ugha Fkh] ¯drq liQyrk ds izfr vk'kkoku ”k:j FkhA

n`f"V% ;w¡ rks dksbZ Hkh liQyrk dbZ dkjdksa ij fuHkZj gksrh gS] ij gj liQy O;fDr ds ikl dqN fo'ks"k lw=k gksrs gSaA vkidh liQyrk ds ewy esa dkSu&ls lw=k jgs\

CGPSC-2015 esa mPp LFkku ij p;fur

dqekjh vferk xqIrk

VkWij ls ckrphr dh bl dM+h esa gekjs lkFk gSa& CGPSC-2015 esa mPp LFkku ij p;fur dqekjh vferk xqIrkA vferk dh ;g lQyrk fuf'pr :i ls vki lcdks izsfjr djsxh_ [kkldj mu vH;fFkZ;ksa dks tks jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx dh rS;kjh dks ysdj xaHkhj gSaA vferk dks mudh bl 'kkunkj lQyrk ds fy;s ^nf"V djsaV vQs;lZ VqMs* dh rjQ ls <sj lkjh cèkkb;k¡A gekjs lkFk ckrphr ds nkSjku vferk us rS;kjh ls ysdj lQyrk rd ds vius reke vuqHko lk>k fd;sA izLrqr gSa muls gqbZ ckrphr ds izeq[k va'k&

VkWij ls ckrphr---

lqijQkLV fjoht+u

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,oa jktO;oLFkk

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ij fo'ks"k lkexzh


lafoèkku dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa mísf'kdk

gj lafoèkku dk ,d n'kZu gksrk gSA Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk Hkh ,d n'kZu gS tks tokgjyky usg: }kjk izLrkfor mís'; ladYi esa fufgr gSA ;gh mís'; izLrko lafoèkku dh ^izLrkouk* (Preamble) dk vkèkkj cuk vkSj blh us laiw.kZ lafoèkku ds ^n'kZu* dks ewrZ :i iznku fd;kA buesa fufgr dqN eq[; ckrsa fuEuor~ gSa%

zz Hkkjr dks ,d ^Lora=k rFkk laizHkq x.kjkT;* (Independent and Sovereign Republic) ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k tk,A

zz Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk (Sovereignty) dk lzksr Hkkjr dh turk gksxhA

zz bl x.kjkT; (Republic) esa Hkkjr ds leLr ukxfjdksa dks jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd lekurk (Political, Economic and Social Equality) izkIr gksxhA

zz Hkkjr ds leLr ukxfjdksa dks fopkj o vfHkO;fDr (Thought and expression)] laLFkk (Organisation) cukus] dksbZ O;olk; (Probession) djus] fdlh Hkh èkeZ (Religion) rFkk er (Sect) dks ekuus ;k u ekuus dh Lora=krk gksxhA

zz vYila[;dks a (Minorities)] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa (Scheduled castes) rFkk fiNMs+ oxks± (Backward class) ds fgrksa dh lqj{kk ds fy;s mi;qDr j{kksik; (Safety measures) fd;s tk,axsA

zz ns'k dh ,drk (Unity) dks LFkkf;Ro iznku fd;k tk,xkA

zz Hkkjr dh izkphu lH;rk dks mldk mfpr LFkku o vfèkdkj fnyk;k tk,xk rFkk fo'o 'kkafr (World peace) o ekuo&dY;k.k (Human welfare) esa mldk ;ksxnku lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xkA

;s leLr nk'kZfud rÙo oLrqr% yksdrkaf=kd jkT; ds vkn'kZoknh ewY; gksrs gSa vkSj ;s ewY; gh 'kklu esa ewyHkwr gksrs gSa] ftlls dY;k.kdkjh jkT; vkSj izxfr'khy lekt dh jpuk gksrh gSA

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh fo'ks"krk,¡

zz gekjs lafoèkku us fofHkUu lzksrksa ls izsj.kk yh gS] vFkkZr~ Kkr lafoèkkuksa dh mu ckrksa dks

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS tks Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj mi;qDr FkhaA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fczVsu ds lafoèkku ls ^lalnh; 'kklu O;oLFkk*A

zz Hkkjrh; lafoèkku o`gn~ :i ls fyf[kr

lafoèkku gSA

zz lafoèkku dh loksZPprk bldh ,d izeq[k

fo'ks"krk gS ftldk vFkZ gS fd dksbZ Hkh

dkuwu ;k vkns'k lafoèkku ds fo#¼ tkjh

ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

zz la'kksèkuksa dh izfØ;k ds vkèkkj ij ;g vuE;

vkSj uE; lafoèkkuksa dk feJ.k gSA

zz Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,dkRedrk dh vksj mUeq[k

la?kh; lafoèkku gSA

zz lafoèkku ds vuqiwjd foèkk;u dh 'kfDr

laln dks nh xbZ gS] vFkkZr~ foèkku cukdj

lafoèkku ds mís';ksa dks izkIr djus dh 'kfDr

laln esa fufgr gSA

zz lafoèkku esa ijEijkvksa dh Hkwfedk dks Hkh

egÙo fn;k x;k gSA

zz blesa ewy vfèkdkjksa dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh xbZ

gSA lkFk gh ewy dÙkZO;ksa dh Hkh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ

gS fd ,d ukxfjd ds D;k&D;k dÙkZO; gSaA

zz lafoèkku dkuwu ds ewyHkwr fl¼karksa ds vuq:i O;k[;kf;r gksrk gS] tSlsµ fofèk dk 'kklu] uSlfxZd U;k; vkfnA

zz Hkkjrh; lafoèkku lalnh; izHkqRo vkSj U;kf;d loksZPprk esa vHkwriwoZ lkeatL; cuk, j[krk gSA

zz o;Ld erkfèkdkj dks ekU;rk nsrk gS] ftlls yksdra=k vkSj e”kcwr gksrk gSA

zz Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa uhfr funs'kd rÙoksa dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gS] ftlls jkT; dks fdl fn'kk esa vkxs c<+uk gS ;g funsZ'k izkIr gksrk jgrk gSA

zz ,dy ukxfjdrk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA

zz Lora=k U;k;ikfydk dh O;oLFkk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa dh xbZ gSA ;g O;oLFkk yksdrkaf=kd lekt o 'kklu dk LraHk gksrk gSA

lafoèkku dh mísf'kdk

izLrkouk ;k mísf'kdk (Preamble) fdlh lafoèkku ds n'kZu dks lkj :i esa izLrqr djus okyh laf{kIr vfHkO;fDr gksrh gSA

oLrqr% ;g mísf'kdk lafoèkku lHkk us 22 tuojh] 1947 dks Lohdkj fd;k] ftls tokgj yky usg: us 13 fnlEcj] 1946 dks mís';&izLrko ds :i esa lafoèkku lHkk ds le{k is'k fd;k FkkA

izLrkouk (mísf'kdk) Preamble

ge] Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d lEiw.kZ izHkqRo&lEiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT; cukus ds fy;s] rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksa dks%

lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;]

fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] èkeZ vkSj mikluk dh Lora=krk]

izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk

izkIr djkus ds fy;s]

rFkk mu lc esa O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj jk"Vª dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh caèkqrk c<+kus ds fy;s

n<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafoèkku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj] 1949 bZú (fefr ekxZ'kh"kZ 'kqDy lIreh] laor~ nks gtkj Ng foØeh) dks ,rn~}kjk bl lafoèkku dks vaxhd`r] vfèkfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSaA

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens :

JUSTICE: social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ij fo'ks"k lkexzh


ukSoha vuqlwph

(Ninth Schedule)bl vuqlwph dks igys lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e (1951) }kjk tksM+k x;k FkkA bldk mís'; ;g Fkk fd Hkwfe lqèkkjksa rFkk tehankjh mUewyu ds fy, cuk, tkus okys vfèkfu;eksa] fu;eksa] fofu;eksa vkfn dks U;k;ky; ds iqufoZyksdu dh 'kfDr ls ckgj fd;k tk ldsA blesa orZeku esa 282 izfof"V;k¡ gSa tks dbZ lafoèkku la'kksèkuksa }kjk 'kkfey dh xbZ gSaA loksZPp U;k;ky; us ^okeu jko* ds ekeys (1981) esa ;g Li"V dj fn;k gS fd 24 vizSy] 1973 (ds'kokuan Hkkjrh ekeys ds fu.kZ; dh frfFk) ds ckn ukSoha vuqlwph esa 'kkfey fd, tkus okys vfèkfu;eksa vkfn dh U;kf;d leh{kk dh tk ldrh gSA

vuqPNsn 31([k)

nloha vuqlwph

(Tenth Schedule)blesa ny&cny (Defection) ds vkèkkj ij laln vkSj foèkkulHkk ds lnL;ksa dh fujgZrk (Disqualification) ls lacafèkr micaèk gSaA bl vuqlwph dks 52osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1985 }kjk tksM+k x;k FkkA 91osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 2003 }kjk blesa la'kksèku Hkh fd;k x;k gSA bls ^ny&cny fojksèkh dkuwu* (Anti-defection Law) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

vuqPNsn 102(2) ,oa 191(2)

X;kjgoha vuqlwph

(Eleventh Schedule)blesa iapk;rksa dh 'kfDr;k¡ o f”kEesnkfj;k¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaA blesa 29 fo"k; gSaA bl vuqlwph dks 73osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1992 }kjk tksM+k x;k FkkA

vuqPNsn 243(N) [Art. 243 (G)]

ckjgoha vuqlwph

(Twelfth Schedule)blesa uxjikfydkvksa (Municipalities) dh 'kfDr;k¡ o f”kEesnkfj;k¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaA blesa 18 fo"k; gSaA bl vuqlwph dks 74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1992 }kjk tksM+k x;k FkkA

vuqPNsn 243(c) [Art. 243 (W)]

nnn

ekufp=k&1

1. xqtjkr ds lkcjdkaBk ftys esa fLFkr vdksnjk xk¡oA

2. 2(a) dq:ath dh fcUM Vksyh (iVuk] fcgkj)] 2(b) eusj dh cLrh] 2(c) ikVlk (iVuk] fcgkj)] 2(d) bczkfgeiqj (rsyaxkuk)] 2(e) èklbZ (egkjk"Vª)] 2(f) vdksnjk (xqtjkr)A

3. VsaHkyh] egkjk"VªA

4. cfy;k] mÙkj izns'kA

5. ikrkyxaxk] egkjk"VªA

6. djax }hi] ef.kiqj ds yksdVd >hy esa vofLFkrA

ekufp=k&2

1. frCcr vkSj usiky ds chp pyus okyk dkaxks VªdA

2. fgUn egklkxj esa fLFkr pkxksl }hi lewg ij fczVsu] vesfjdk vkSj ekWjh'kl us nkok fd;k gSA vesfjdh lSU; csM+k fM;kxks xkflZ;k ;gha ij fLFkr gSA

3. 3(a) ykWl ,aftfyl] 3(b) U;w;kWdZ, 3(c) yanu, 3(d) isfjl] 3(e) Vksfd;ks

4. mVkgA

5. 5(a) la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] 5(b) phu, 5(c) tkikuA

bu ns'kksa ds ikl xzhu gkml xSlksa dh fuxjkuh djus ds fy;s Lo;a ds mixzg gSaA

6. tkWMZuA

7. vLrkuk (d”kkfdLrku)A

ekufp=ksa ds mÙkj

eSxT+khu VSLV


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1.blfelkbyesarhupj.kksaesaBksliz.kksndyxsgSa]ftudspyrs felkbydhdk;Z{kerk3,000 fMxzhlsfYl;ldsrkiekuijHkhizHkkforughagksrhA

2.blfelkbydkfodklj{kkvuqlaèkku,oafodkllaxBuusfd;kgSA

3.blfelkbydhjsat4,000fdeh-rdgSrFkk;g1000fdxzk-rddsokjgsMystkusesal{kegSA

4.blfelkbyesa fjal*(R.I.N.S)iz.kkyhyxhgStksfelkbydksvpwd fu'kkusds lkFky{; rdigq¡puklqfuf'prdjrhgSA

uhpsfn;sx,dwVdkiz;ksxdjlghmÙkjpqfu;sA

(a) dsoy 1, 3 vkSj4 (b) dsoy 2, 3vkSj4

(c) dsoy 2 vkSj3 (d) dsoy 1, 2, 3vkSj4

2- vkèkkj*vkèkkfjr^Hkhe*,idslanHkZesafuEufyf[krdFkuksaijfopkjdhft;sA

1.Hkhe,ifcukbaVjusVdsHkhdkedjsxkA 2.Hkhedks^us'kuyisesaVdkWiksZjs'kuvkWiQbafM;k*usfodflr

fd;kgSA 3.;g,ivaxzsth]fgUnhvkSjvU;dbZ{ks=kh;Hkk"kkvksadsk

liksVZdjsxkA 4.bl,ilsVªkatsD'kudjusijdksbZ'kqYdughayxsxkA mijksDrdFkuksaesadkSu&lk@lslghgS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 2, 3 vkSj4 (b) dsoy 1, 2vkSj3

(c) dsoy 1, 2 vkSj4 (d) mi;qZDresalslHkhA

3.mUurHkkjrvfHk;ku*dslanHkZesafuEufyf[krdFkuksaijfopkjdhft;sA

1. bldh'kq#vkro"kZ2014esagqbZFkhA 2.bldkmís';xk¡oksadslekos'khfodkldsfy;svkbZvkbZVh

vkSjjk"Vªh;rduhdhlaLFkkutSlsmPpf'k{k.klaLFkkuksadhrduhdhlgk;rk,oaKkudkmi;ksxdjukgSrkfdxzkeh.kbykdksadsfodkldhpqukSfr;ksalsfuiVktkldsA

3.ekuolalkèkufodklea=kky;usgkyghesabl;kstukdksiquthZforfd;kgSA

mijksDrdFkuksaesalsdkSu&lk@lsvlR;gS@gSa\ (a) dsoy 1, 2 vkSj3 (b) dsoy1 (c) dsoy 1vkSj3 (d) buesalsdksbZughaA 4-lwphIdkslwphIIlslqesfyrdhft;sA lwph&I lwph&II A.FC-31 1. Hkkjr B.F-35 2. phu C. HAL AMCA 3. tkiku D.Mitsubishi ATD-X 4.vesfjdk lghfodYipqusa& A B C D (a) 1 4 2 3 (b) 2 4 1 3 (c) 1 2 3 4 (d) 4 2 1 3 5-,u,lth(ukfHkdh;vkiwfrZlewg)dslacaèkesafuEufyf[krrF;ksa

ijfopkjdjsa& 1.bldhLFkkiuk1974esagqbZA 2.bldhorZekulnL;la[;k48gSrFkkHkkjrbldkvge

lnL;gSA 3.;glewgvkelgefrlsdk;ZdjrkgSvkSjbllewgdk

lnL;cuusdsfy;sijek.kqvizlkjlafèkijgLrk{kjdjukt:jhgSA

mijksDrrF;ksaesalsdkSu&lk@lslghgS@gSa\ (a) dsoy 3 (b) dsoy 1vkSj3 (c) dsoy 2 vkSj3 (d) 1, 2vkSj3 6-foÙkh;fLFkjrkvkSjfodklifj"kn(FSDC)dhgkyghesa16oha

cSBddkvk;kstugqvkAblifj"kndslacaèkesafuEufyf[kresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkulR;gS@gSa\

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2.,iQ,lMhlhdsnkf;RoksaesavFkZO;oLFkkesafoÙkh;fLFkjrkcuk,j[kuk]foÙkh;{ks=kdkfodklvkSjfofHkUujsX;wysVjhfudk;ksaesaleUo;cuk,j[kusdhO;oLFkkdkslaLFkkxr:insuk]vkfngSA

uhpsfn;sx,dwVdkiz;ksxdjlghmÙkjpqfu;sA (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 (c) 1 vkSj2 nksuksa (d) urks1vkSjugh2

eSxT+khu VSLVeSx”khudsblhvadijvkèkkfjr100egÙoiw.kZiz'uftuls

vkiviuhjhfMaxfLdYldhtk¡pdjldrsgSaA

n`fv djsav visq;lz vqms] - sarkarihelp...lqijqklv fjoht+u 205 hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,oa jkto;olfkk...

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