nghiên cứu và ứng dụng ipcop firewall tìm hiểu ứng dụng voice ip

8/19/2019 Nghiên cứu và ứng dụng IPCOP Firewall tìm hiểu ứng dụng Voice IP

1/95

ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ NẴNGTRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA

KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TINTel. (84-511) 736 949, Fax. (84-511) 842 771Website: itf.ud.edu.v, !-"ail: #tt$edu.ud.v

BÁO CÁO THỰC TẬP TỐT NGHIỆP

NGÀNH CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TINMÃ NGÀNH : 05115

Đ TÀI :

NGHI!N C"# $À "NG %&NG IPCOP 'IR()A**

T+M HI,# "NG %&NG $OIC( IP

-INH $I!N : *! BÁ *Ư.NG PHAN THANH H/I

NG#N MINH CH2 HOÀNG THANH T3NG

NG#N THANH T3NG*4P : 0T6Đ7N $8 : TRƯỜNG T9N GRO#PCBH% : H Đ;C BI!N

ĐÀ NẴNG< 1=>011

mailto:itf.ud.edu.vnmailto:itf.ud.edu.vn


2/95

*ỜI C/M 7N

Chúng em xin chân thành cảm ơn trung tâm Trường Tân Group đã tạo

điều kiện cho chúng em được thc t!p tại trung tâm" được h# trợ thi$t %&

m'( m)c *à c'c cơ +, *!t ch-t trong +u.t thời gi/n thc t!p tại trung tâm0

1à đ2c %iệt cảm ơn /nh 34 56c 7i8n đã trc ti$p" t!n t9nh giúp đ: *à

hư;ng ng t(0

Chúng em xin chân thành cảm ơn c'c /nh"ch& trong c>ng t( đã nhiệt

t9nh giúp đ: chúng em hoàn thành đề tài nà(0

?in c'c %ạn c@ng A;p đã Bng h" đng *i8n" giúp đ: *à đ)ng g)p D ki$n0

Chúng em xin chân thành cảm ơnE

Finh *i8n

8 7' ượng

Hgu(In Jinh ChK

Lh/n Th/nh 3ải 3oàng Th/nh T@ng

Hgu(In Th/nh T@ng


3/95

*ỜI CAM ĐOAN

Chúng em xin c/m đo/n M

N HhOng ni


4/95

M&C *&C

PH?N 1: NGHI!N C"# $À "NG %&NG IPCOP 'IR()A**@@@@@@@@@@@@@11

TNG #AN Đ TÀI@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@11%. &' ti.............................................................................................................11

%.1. T *' ti...........................................................................................11%.2. +# *# v / 0a...........................................................................11

GI4I THIỆ# CH#NG $ TƯỜNG *A@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1>%. i i" v ## 0 #a fieall............................................................12

%.1. i i"..........................................................................................12%.2. # 0 fieall.............................................................................13

%%. ;u t v #? #@ ABt *C0 fieall.......................................14

%%.1. ;u t v #? #@ ABt *C0........................................................14 WW0P0N0 Thành phXn000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000NY WW0P0P0 Cơ ch$ hoạt đng000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000NZ

%%%. DE lABi, G tuHt v B #@ #a fieall...............................................19%%%.1. # lABi fieall.................................................................................19%%%.2. G tuHt v B #@ #a fieall........................................................2I WWW0P0N0 Qc khung [\r/me \iAtering]000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 P^ WWW0P0P0 Qc g)i [L/cket \iAtering]00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000P^ WWW0P00 HhOng hạn ch$ cB/ _ire`/AA00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000PN

%J. +Ct sK "L M fieall............................................................................21%J.1. Da#et-Filtei0 NAute (OC tu0 #uPQ #R lS# 0Ri ti)...................21%J.2. #eeed UAst....................................................................................23%J.3. Ve"ilitaied XAe (u vY# =i ZuE sY A - V+X) aP #eeed-subet Fieall:.............................................................................................24%J.4. DAxP eve......................................................................................26

GI4I THIỆ# CH#NG $ IPCOP 'IR()A**@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@>D%. [i\i tiu v "# *# #a %=#A= fieall....................................................28

%.1. [i\i tiu v' i=#A= fieall...............................................................28

%.2. +# *# #a i=#A=............................................................................28%%. ]^0 t => v t 0 #a i=#A= fieall.......................................28%%.1. # t =>..................................................................................28 WW0N0N0 Gi/o


5/95

%. i *_t i=#A= fieall....................................................................................35%.1. +L M.............................................................................................35%.2. i *_t................................................................................................36

%%. i *_t v #;u M 0Ri ulfilte blA#Auttaffi#............................................38%%.1. i *_t ulfilte...................................................................................38%%.2. i *_t blA#Autta#ffi#......................................................................41%%.3. i *_t "ail......................................................................................49%%.4. DAt FAadi0.................................................................................53%%.5. `dva#e DAxP...................................................................................55

PH?N >: NGHI!N C"# "NG %&NG $OIC( IP@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5

TNG #AN Đ TÀI@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5%. &' ti............................................................................................................59

%.1. T *' ti...........................................................................................59%.2. +# *# v / 0a...........................................................................59

TNG #AN $ $OIC( IP@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0%. [i\i tiu #u0 v' JAi#e %=.........................................................................6I

%.1. [i\i tiu...........................................................................................6I%.2. # * 0a li Zua *@ JAi#e %=...............................................61%.3. # t => tA0 "B0 JAi#e %=..................................................62

%%. # iQu @t Ki s d0 JAi#e %= v tuH lci #a JAi#e %= sA v\i DT].. .63%%.1. # iQu @t Ki s d0 vAi#e %=......................................................63 WW0N0N0 Computer to computer0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

WW0N0P0 Computer to phone0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 WW0N00 Lhone to phone000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000%%.2. ]^0 *iQ" tuH lci #a JAi#e %= sA v\i DT]...............................63

CÁCH TH"C HOẠT ĐNG NH9N TỐ /NH HƯNG $À CÁC BGIAO TH"C@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

%. JAi#e %= ABt *C0 t@ A.....................................................................66%.1. K Ra t iu aalA0........................................................................66%.2. ;P "u (a"=li0)...........................................................................68%.3. c0 t Ra (guatiatiA)..............................................................69%.4. +h Ra v 0iS0 Ri....................................................................7I W0Y0N0 Jã h)/ [nco


6/95

Jc Ac iii

%%%. T bjA "Ht v \0 # =#.............................................................76%%%.1. T bjA "Ht #a JAi#e %=..................................................................76%%%.2. U\0 # =# v bi == 0iji [email protected]

CÀI ĐET %(MO "NG %&NG $OIC( IP@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@J%. i *_t v #;u M TixbAx..........................................................................79%.1. Tji bj #i *_t v 0i *a...................................................................79 W0N0N0 Ghi r/ C00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b W0N0P0 Chun %& cài đ2t00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000aN%.2. i *_t TixbAx ! 2.6 !................................................................81

%%. i *_t v #;u M ̀ 2billi0........................................................................84

KT *#ẬN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@>


7/95

Jc Ac i*

+m m Un]U o]UUM 1. +L M tp0 la *? 0ij........................................................................2UM 2. S# 0Ri ti...................................................................................................5

UM 3. q0 "B#..................................................................................................8UM 4. Da#et- filtei0 NAute.............................................................................12UM 5. i0le- UA"ed OastiA UAst.....................................................................13UM 6. Vual- UA"ed OastiA UAst.......................................................................14UM 7. +L M #eeed-ubet Fieall..........................................................15UM 8. +L M 1 DAxP *? 0ij........................................................................16UM 9. [iaA di Web...........................................................................................2IUM 1I. Vi# v eb =AxP....................................................................................2IUM 11. V# v VUD..........................................................................................21UM 12. V# v V].............................................................................................22

UM 13. V# v Ti"e eve.................................................................................22UM 14. V# v DAt FAadi0...........................................................................23UM 15. T" "Ct luHt "\i....................................................................................24UM 16. V# v JD].............................................................................................24UM 17. +L M #i *_t.........................................................................................25UM 18. &_t *a #r %D #A #ad "B0 [ee..........................................................26UM 19. S 3 "B0 #> d0 0eeAa0eed................................................26UM 2I. &_t *a #r %= #A #ad "B0 a0e.......................................................27UM 21. &_t *a #r %= #A #ad "B0 Ned.............................................................27UM 22. i *_t #;u M #u0 #A #j 3 #ad 0ee, Aa0e, ed..........................28UM 23. i *_t 0Ri ulfilte....................................................................................28UM 24. i *_t ulfilte t #L0 v eb =AxP *c# "k..................................29UM 25. liet Ki i=#A= Zua #ad "B0 0ee Zua *a #r tt=:192.168.3.181. 29UM 26. JA d# v eb =AxP eable A 0ee v ;


8/95

Jc Ac *

UM 46. [iaA di sau i #i "ail.......................................................................39UM 47. TBA use u1...............................................................................................39UM 48. TBA use u2...............................................................................................4IUM 49. utlAA ex=ess........................................................................................4I

UM 5I. %#A"i0 "ail seve v\i t u1$0Au=Ae.v.......................................41UM 51. %#A"i0 "ail seve v\i t u2$0Au=Ae.v.........................................41UM 52. u1 0i "ail #A u2....................................................................................42UM 53. z2 H *c# "ail #a u1........................................................................42UM 54. JA tab DAt FAadi0...........................................................................43UM 55. T" =At 25.............................................................................................43UM 56. T" =At 11I...........................................................................................43UM 57. [i "ail a "B0 0Ai.............................................................................44UM 58. liet H *c# e"ail.............................................................................44UM 59. +B0 0Ai H v xe" e"ail t #L0..............................................44

UM 6I. [iaA di #;u M adva#e =AxP............................................................45UM 61. ;u M L0 B 0i\i B *Ki v\i i= 192.168.3.3................................45UM 62. ;u M #_ i= 192.168.3.1I tuP #H= iteet.......................................46UM 63. ;u M 0i\i B dAlAad #A tA "B0.............................................46UM 64. %= 192.168.3.3 L0 b B #@...............................................................47UM 65. ;u M *a #r %D #a x=........................................................................47UM 66. &a #r i= 192.168.3.1I b #;".................................................................48UM 67. # *a # v tuP #H= iteet bM tp0........................................48UM 68. # "B0 L0 tQ dAlAad Zu 5+O..................................................48UM 69. +L M #u0 v' JAi#e %=.......................................................................51

UM 7I. uPQ "B# 0Ri tA0 vAi#e %D...............................................................54UM 71. Y # au 0i^a D v .....................................................................55UM 72. ;P "u....................................................................................................58UM 73. c0 t Ra.............................................................................................59UM 74. Da#etii0 vAi#e......................................................................................61UM 75. ;u tu ti............................................................71

UM 81. Ya #S 0L 0^...................................................................................72UM 82. S "


9/95

Jc Ac *i

UM 93. i *_t =="Pad"i.................................................................................77UM 94. TBA database.............................................................................................78UM 95. r sa file a2billi0.#Af.....................................................................78UM 96. TBA Ci du0 #A database a2b.................................................................78

UM 97. r sa asteis "aa0e.......................................................................79UM 98. ;u M Vial=la.....................................................................................79UM 99. TBA t# v #A.........................................................................................8IUM 1II. A0i vA 0iaA di #a a2billi0..........................................................8IUM 1I1. # t 0 #a a2billi0..................................................................81


10/95

Jc Ac *ii

M Đ?#

1@ ĐL Qề TTG TS CUUTTG TS CUU:

Ti' tE l #L0 tP VTA= #R t sk # tBi T=.U+, t lH= vA "2II5, ABt *C0 tA0 l vY# t v; 0iji == ]TT, ti@t @ v ti #L0 ## tK0 "B0, a i "B0, ## 0 d0 ]TT #A ## dAa 0i=.

T0 5 " 2II6 c= t# v\i #L0 tP T]UU J% %fA"ati#s - #L0 tP1II} vK \# 0Ai - *>u t v t lH= #i #L0 tP T]UU J%%fA"ati#s tBi & ]~0, ABt *C0 #uP v' l vY# *A tBA ]TT.

T0 I1 " 2II8: +ua lBi tA bC #i #L0 tP T]UU J%%fA"ati#s tBi & ]~0, t0 vK *i'u l v *qi t t TT[ Taii0 ete.

T• tpi *iQ" #R "_t tBi & ]~0 " 2II6 J% %fA"ati#s (aP l TT[Taii0 ete) *h t•0 b\# €0 * v d> tk t "Ct tA0 ^0 Tu0tE" *A tBA L0 0 "B0 "P t 0 *>u tBi & ]~0 Ri i0 v ## tr"i' Tu0 Ri #u0.

&Q 0i^ v^0 v t@ 0 *>u tA0 *A tBA L0 0 "B0 "P t, TT[Taii0 ete ti@= t# ^0 lY# *Q duP tM #;t lc0 *A tBA u vit #0 v\i^0 d# v tc S# vi tKt ;t.

TT[ Taii0 ete i l #u0 #;= 0 *>u v' d# v *A tBA tA0l lY# #L0 0 tL0 ti v tuP' tL0 tBi Jit ]a":

[ij0 vi *€0 #;= guK# t@, it tM, tH tE" v i 0i" tY# ti‚.

Ti@t b *>P *, i *Bi #a # h0.

?0 tM, 0iA tM luL *c# #H= Ht JesiA "\i ;t.

TY# 0Ai 0ip t ti@t b v L0 0i\i B tpi 0ia.

Ta" 0ia "i@ = ## UCi tjA #uP *' 0 tu> *Q bq su0 t" i@

t# tY# ti‚.T sk TNz][ T`] [Au= Taii0 ete

• ? sk 1: 134 Vu|, guH Uji Eu, T =K & ]~0

• ? sk 2: 75 ]0uP‚ uP@, guH Ta , T =K & ]~0

&i tABi: (I511) 3867768 - Fax: (I511) 3867767 - !"ail: ifA$tt0t#.#A".

>@ VW XYW Z[ \

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


11/95

Jc Ac *iii

]0P aP, v\i u #>u taA *qi tL0 ti tL0 Zua "B0 %teet "a0 lBi "CttK# *C v lci # vL #0 tA l\ R #ƒ ti'" | l\ "Ki 0uP Bi #A a tA tL0 tiCi bC v v; *' Zuj l tuP #H=. vM vHP ta #> #R =?0 == *Q 0iji ZuP@tv; *' P v tp0 la l "Ct 0iji == tKi u #A v; *' P.

&Q ABt *C0 a tA i=#A= fieall l "Ct lYa #S tKi u vM i=#A= fiealll "Ct => "'" "i‚ = v Pu #>u #i *_t *? 0ij.

]0Ai a vi# 0 d0 %teet vA tY# ti‚ #0 l "Ct v; *' *a0 ;t =q bi@ i aP, v "Ct tA0 ^0 0 d0 *R l JAi#e i= R 0iu v Ci ZuP #L0 tP *a a.

OA #A ti' *C * … v\i 0iA vi \0 d *' ti.

http://ttgtc.com/forum/forum.phphttp://ttgtc.com/forum/forum.php


12/95

Jc Ac ix

DE #L0 #L0 vi#

-TT -a QV *bc CL Q]X1 O c0 I6T4 / tuP@t %=#A=, de"A ul-

filte, tq0 c= bA #A.

2 ]0uP‚ Ta T0 I6T4 / tuP@t Fieall,de"A"ailseve

3 ]0uP‚ +i I6T4 / tuP@t %=#A=, de"Aadva#e =AxP

4 UA0 Ta T0 I6T4 / tuP@t vAi=, / tuP@tFieall

5 Da Ta Uji I6T4 / tuP@t vAi=, de"A blA#Autaffi#, de"A tixbAx


13/95

PH?N 1: NGHI!N C"# $À "NG %&NG

IPCOP 'IR()A**CHƯ7NG M Đ?#

TNG #AN Đ TÀI

@I Đ[ \

@I@1@ TV Z[ \

]0i #u 0 d0 %=#A= Fieall

@I@>@ MdX ZeXa Q\ f agS

• TM" iQu #u0 v' tp0 la (fieall) v ## ## 0 #a R

• # "# *# #a fieall

• TM" iQu ## Ki "L M #a fieall

•

[i\i tiu v' %=#A= fieall v ## t 0 #a R.• # `ddA t" vA

• {EP dY0 *c# "L M de"A v' i=#A= fieall

• i *_t v #;u M ## t 0 qi bHt #a %=#A= fieall.

O c0, Da Ta Uji, ]0uP‚ +i , UA0 Ta T0, ]0uP‚ Ta T0\= I6T4 11


14/95

CHƯ7NG 1

GI4I THIỆ# CH#NG $ TƯỜNG *A

@I Kah ]i Q\ XajX k XlS mUnSoo

@I@1@ Kah ]iTuHt 0^ Fieall #R 0u† 0K# t• "Ct G tuHt ti@t @ tA0 xEP dY0 *Q

0 #_, B #@ „a AB. TA0 #L0 0 tL0 ti, Fieall l "Ct G tuHt

*c# t# c= vA tK0 "B0 *Q #K0 sY tuP H= ti == " bjA v ##

0u† tL0 ti Ci bC v B #@ sY xE" H= L0 "A0 "uK vA tK0. w0

#R tQ iQu Fieall l "Ct #? #@ *Q bjA v "B0 ti tk0 „i ## "B0 L0 ti

tk0.

TL0 tp0 Fieall *c# *_t 0i^a "B0 b tA0 (%taet) #a "Ct #L0 tP,

tq ##, 0 aP "Ct ZuK# 0ia v %teet. Jai tƒ # l bjA "Ht tL0 ti, 0

#_ sY tuP H= L0 "A0 "uK t• b 0Ai v #;" tuP H= t• b tA0 t\i

"Ct sK *a #r ;t * t %teet.

39nh N0 J> h9nh tường A/ đơn giản

+Ct ## v tt, fieall l tK0 0 #_ vi# tuP H= ti == t• b

0Ai vA "B0 #w0 ^0 @t Ki L0 c= l t• b tA0 a. Fieall tY#

i vi# lS# b„ ^0 *a #r L0 c= l dYa teA ## ZuP t# aP #r tiu *

t\#.

O c0, Da Ta Uji, ]0uP‚ +i , UA0 Ta T0, ]0uP‚ Ta T0\= I6T4 12


15/95

Hghi8n cu ng #0, => "'" A_# @t c= #j ai.

• \irè /AA cng : ^0 fieall *c# t# c= t NAute A_# t ## ti@t

b #uP d0.

o UABt t #aA ? sA fieall "'".

o TK# *C x l/ a ?.

o OjA "Ht #aA ?.

o i = *t ? sA fieall "'".

• \irè /AA mềm : ^0 Fieall *c# #i *_t t eve.

o UABt t L0 #aA b0 fieall #0.

o TK# *C x l/ #H", = tuC# *i'u .

o Ti lci, #R tQ #i *_t d‚ d0 t ## "P seve.

o &a dB0 , #i = t;= ? sA fieall #0.

@I@>@ CajX k mUnSoo# 0 # #a Fieall l iQ" sAt lu†0 tL0 ti 0iâ %taet ("B0

b tA0) v %teet. Ti@t lH= #? #@ *i'u iQ dƒ0 tL0 ti 0iâ %taet v

"B0 %teet.

Cd ap o\ :

o A == A_# #;" ^0 d# v tuP H= a 0Ai (t• %taet a %teet).

o A == A_# #;" ^0 d# v t• 0Ai tuP H= vA tA0 (t• %teet

vA %taet).

o TeA d‡i lu†0 d^ liu "B0 0iâ %teet v %taet.

o iQ" sAt *a #r tuP H=, #;" *a #r tuP H=.

o iQ" sAt 0pi s d0 v vi# tuP H= #a 0pi s d0. iQ" sAt Cidu0 tL0 ti lu #uPQ t "B0.

13


16/95

Hghi8n cu ng @ Ta\a caY Q\ Xs Xat a`u Zv

.II.2.1. Thành phầnFieall #u| 0†" "Ct aP i'u ## t => sau *EP :

• OC lS# =a#et (=a#et- filtei0 Aute)

• q0 0 d0 (a==li#atiA-level 0ateaP aP =AxP seve)

• q0 "B# (#i#uite level 0ateaP)

14


17/95

Hghi8n cu ng 0i *@, dA *R ## lABi Fieall #w0 li Zua ;t i'u

*@ ## =a#et v ^0 #A sK *a #r #a #u "i =a#et (eade), d0 *Q #A == tuP' ## =a#et *R k t "B0. OaA

0†":

Š &a #r %D ?i xu;t =t (Au#e)

Š &a #r %D ?i H ( VestiatiA)

Š ]^0 t t# tuP' ti (TD, zVD, %+D, %D tuel ‰)

Š q0 TDzVD ?i xu;t =t

Š q0 TDzVD ?i H

Š VB0 tL0 bA %+D

15


18/95

Hghi8n cu ng u sY u; luP *_# bit A #j.

Hu Xat

Ji# * 0a ## #@ *C lS# p/cket l "Ct vi# =# tB=, R *ƒi „i 0pi

Zuj t "B0 #> #R iQu bi@t #i ti@t vQ ## d# v %teet, ## dB0 p/cket he/


19/95

Hghi8n cu ng "'"

tK0 (=eati0 sPste"). # vesiA a tA P *c# ti@t @ #uP #A "# *#

#K0 lBi sY t; #L0 vA =eati0 Pste", #w0 l *j" bjA sY t# c=

fieall.

- r ^0 d# v " 0pi Zuj t "B0 #A l #> ti@t "\i *c# #i *_t

t bastiA Ast, *? 0ij #r vM @u "Ct d# v *c# #i *_t, R L0 tQ b t;

#L0.

TL0 tp0, #r "Ct sK 0i\i B ## 0 d0 #A ## d# v Telet, V],

FTD, +TD v x# tY# use l *c# #i *_t t bastiA Ast.

- OastiA Ast #R tQ Pu #>u i'u "# *C x# tY# # au, v d use =assAd aP s"at #ad.

- +i =AxP *c# *_t #;u M *Q #A == tuP H= #r "Ct sK ## "P #

;t *. &i'u P #R 0a 0 bC l v *_# *iQ" ti@t lH= #A "i =AxP #r

*


20/95

Hghi8n cu ng


21/95

Hghi8n cu ng 0 0 d0.

• Tp0 la #R teA d‡i tB0 ti #a tuP' tL0 aP L0.

DE lABi teA =B" vi #a ## tuP' tL0 *c# lS#, #R ## lABi sau:

• Tp0 la # E, "Ct 0 d0 => "'" v\i ## 0 tL0 tp0 l lS#

d^ liu a vA "Ct "P t *?.• Tp0 la "B0, tp0 #BP t "Ct ti@t b "B0 aP "P t #uP

d0 *_t tBi a 0i\i #a ai aP i'u "B0 A_# ## u =i ZuE sY ("B0 #Atu0 0ia " 0i^a "B0 Ci bC v "B0 b 0Ai). +Ct tp0 la tuC# lABi PlS# t;t #j 0iaA tL0 d^ liu vA A_# a ## "B0 *c# @t Ki Zua R.

ABi tp0 la "B0 t?0 0 v\i / 0a tuP' tK0 #a tuHt 0^ tp0la tA0 0 "B0 "P t.

i =E lABi teA ## t>0 0iaA t# ?i 0iaA tL0 d^ liu #R tQ b #_, #R ba lABi tp0 la #:

• Tp0 la t>0 "B0. J d i=tables.

• Tp0 la t>0 0 d0. J d TD Wa==es.

• Tp0 la 0 d0 J d: B #@ ## d# v ft= b0 vi# * #;u M tBit= et#ft=a##ess.

# lABi tp0 la t>0 "B0 v tp0 la t>0 0 d0 tp0 t" lau, "_# d tp0 la # E L0 =# v "B0, 0 "Ct sK tK0 *? *h#i *_t #u0 #j ai.

19


22/95

Hghi8n cu ng 0 #a "L M %, #R tQ lS#, iQ" ta *c# "# bit v

Ci du0 #a u0 ti. TA0 t>0 P ## u0 d^ liu L0 ti #HP sˆ b t• #Ki

0aP t\# i vA "B0.

.III.2.2. "ọc g)' $*acket %'lte&'ng(

iQu Fieall #u0 ;t l iQu dYa t t>0 "B0 #a "L M %. S# 0Ri

#A == aP t• #Ki 0Ri ti " R H *c#. ]R iQ" ta tA bC *AB d^ liu *Q

ZuP@t * xe" *AB d^ liu *R #R tAj "h "Ct tA0 sK ## ZuP * #a lS# Da#et

aP L0. # ZuP t# lS# =a#et dYa vA ## tL0 ti tA0 Da#et eade.

]@u ZuP t# lS# =a#et *c# tAj "h tM 0Ri ti *c# #uPQ Zua Fieall. ]@u

L0 sˆ b b„ *i. ] vHP Fieall #R tQ 0 #j ## @t Ki vA tK0 A_#

A vi# tuP H= vA tK0 "B0 Ci bC t• ^0 *a #r L0 #A ==.

+Ct sK Fieall ABt *C0 k t>0 "B0 tp0 #A == tK# *C x l/ a vM

#r iQ" ta *a #r %D 0u† " L0 tY# i l t Aute, L0 x# * *a

#r sai aP b #;". ]R s d0 *a #r %D 0u† l" #r t, @u "Ct 0Ri ti "a0 *a

#r 0u† l *a #r 0ij tM R sˆ #i@" *c# ZuP' tuP H= vA tK0. TuP i

#R i'u bi == G tuHt #R tQ *c# = d0 #A vi# lS# 0Ri ti " # =#

c# *iQ" t, 0Ai tp0 *a #r %D *c# iQ" ta #ƒ #R ## tL0 ti #*c# iQ" ta v\i ZuP t# *c# tBA a t Fieall, ## tL0 ti P #R tQ l tpi

0ia tuP H=, 0iaA t# s d0, #q0.

Fieall iQu Da#et Filtei0 #R ai lABi :

S@ PSXxU moU 'UnSoo : UABt *C0 tBi t>0 "B0 #a "L M % aP t>0

%D tA0 "L M TD%D. iQu Fieall P L0 Zuj l/ *c# ## 0iaA d# t

"B0.

2I


23/95

Hghi8n cu ng 0 =i #a "L M % aP t>0

TD tA0 "L M TD%D. lABi Fieall x l/ bjA "Ht 0iaA d# 0iâ tK0 v

0pi d0 #uKi. (JV: i"t ta %V, "Ht |u) lABi Fieall #A == lu v@t tB0

ti #a 0pi tuP H=.

.III.2.+. ,h-ng hạn chế ca /'&e0all

• Fieall L0 * tL0 "i #A 0pi *Q #R tQ *S# iQu t•0 lABi

tL0 ti v =E t# Ci du0 tKt aP x;u #a R. Fieall #r #R tQ 0 #_ sY

xE" H= #a ^0 0u† tL0 ti L0 "A0 "uK 0 =ji x# * ‡ ##

tL0 sK *a #r.

• Fieall L0 tQ 0 #_ "Ct #uC# t; #L0 @u #uC# t; #L0 PL0 *i Zua‘ R. +Ct ## # tQ : fieall L0 tQ #K0 lBi "Ct #uC# t; #L0

t• "Ct *p0 dial-u=, A_# sY dƒ r tL0 ti dA d^ liu b saA #= bt c= == l

*a "'".

• Fieall #w0 L0 tQ #K0 lBi ## #uC# t; #L0 b0 d^ liu. i #R

"Ct sK #?0 tM *c# #uP' teA t *i t, vct Zua fieall vA tA0

"B0 *c# bjA v v bt *>u ABt *C0 k *EP.

J d v\i ## vius "P t, fieall L0 tQ l" i" v Zut vius

t ## d^ liu *c# #uPQ Zua R, dA tK# *C l" vi#, sY xu;t i li t# #a ##

vius "\i v dA #R ;t i'u ## *Q "h A d^ liu tAt „i j 0 iQ" sAt

#a fieall.

TuP i, Fieall v l 0iji == û iu *c# = d0 C0 hi.

@I$ Mv }~ iL a•a mUnSoo

@I$@1@ PSXxU€'oU R`WU Bv W XaW|p X‚ oƒX ‚ „U tK0 %teet fieall =q bi@ ;t #r baA 0†" "Ct =a#et-filtei0 Aute

*_t 0iâ "B0 Ci bC v %teet. +Ct =a#e-filtei0 Aute #R ai ## 0 : #uPQ

ti@= tuP' tL0 0iâ ai "B0 v s d0 ## ZuP luHt v' lS# 0Ri *Q #A == aP t•

#Ki tuP' tL0.

21


24/95

Hghi8n cu ng " d\i ^0 d# v *h *c# ==.

o VA #a# =a#et *c# taA *qi tY# ti@= 0i^a ai "B0 tL0 Zua Aute,

0uP #? b t; #L0 ZuP@t * bki sK lc0 ## Ast v d# v *c# ==. &i'u *Rd *@ "i "Ct Ast *c# == tuP H= tY# ti@= vA %teet #> =ji *c# #u0

#;= "Ct tK0 x# tY# =# tB= v tp0 xuP iQ" ta bki 0pi Zuj t

"B0 xe" #R d;u iu #a sY t; #L0 A L0.

o ]@u "Ct =a#et-filtei0 Aute dA "Ct sY #K A *R 0•0 ABt *C0 ,

t;t #j tK0 t "B0 Ci bC #R tQ b t; #L0.

22


25/95

Hghi8n cu ng @ -XUUU… H`}U tK0 baA 0†" "Ct =a#et-filtei0 Aute v "Ct bastiA Ast (=A *i #).

U tK0 P #u0 #;= *C bjA "Ht #aA ? tK0 t, vM R tY# i #j bjA "Ht

k t>0 etA v k t>0 0 d0. &†0 tpi y t; #L0 =ji = vŒ #j ai t>0 bjA"Ht *Q t; #L0 vA "B0 Ci bC.

T.e %te8et

Bªn ngoµi Da#Fet filte8i08Aute8

Bªn trong

%fA8"atiA se8ve8

OastiA .Ast

m y̧ néi bé

39nh Z0 FingAeq 3ome< 7/+tion 3o+t

TA0 tK0 P, bastiA Ast *c# #;u M k tA0 "B0 Ci bC. guP luHt

filtei0 Aute *c# * 0a saA #A t;t #j ## tK0 k b 0Ai #r #R tQ tuPH= bastiA Ast. Ji# tuP' tL0 t\i t;t #j ## tK0 b tA0 *'u b A, bki

vM ## tK0 Ci bC v bastiA Ast k t #0 "Ct "B0, # s# bjA "Ht #a

"Ct tK ## sˆ ZuP@t * xe" ## tK0 Ci bC *c# == tuP H= tY# ti@= vA

bastiA %teet aP l #


26/95

Hghi8n cu ng u t• bastiA

Ast.

24


27/95

Hghi8n cu ng h9nh Fcreene


28/95

Hghi8n cu ng


29/95

Hghi8n cu ng u sˆ *c# #uPQ *@ seve tHt v a %teet . DAxP seve lu t^ ## bC ##

ta0 Web tp0 tuP #H= ;t tA0 bC *" d *@ 0ij" #i = " tK# *C iQ t

ta0 Web a.

DAxP seve bjA v "B0 Ci bC „i b x# * bki b 0Ai b0 ## "a0

lBi #A "B0 ai * da : "Ct #A Ci bC, "Ct #A b 0Ai .&i'u P tBA a "Ct

b da‘ *Ki v\i t@ 0i\i b 0Ai 0EP R *Ki v\i @u 0pi d0 tY tu0 tY

t#‘ aP ## taP by Ra "uK xE" H= tY# ti@= "P A *R.

DAxP seve l" #A vi# s d0 b0 tL0 iu Zuj.

27


30/95

Hghi8n cu ng

GI4I THIỆ# CH#NG $ IPCOP 'IR()A**

@I Gb a]W Q\ idX ZeXa XlS IcX`c mUnSoo

@I@1@ Gb a]W Q[ cX`c mUnSoo- %DA= l "Ct => *c# #t a t• iux v #R j 0 ABt *C0 "Ct

fieall. ]R #R ^0 t 0 #aA #;= #a fieall, baA 0†" JD]s s d0 %De#.

- D> "'" "h 0u† "k (=e Au#e Aftae), bj ZuP' #a []z

[eeal Dubli# i#ese ([D) v *c# "i‚ = i s d0.

@I@>@ MdX ZeXa XlS cX`c- %D#A= fieall l "Ct fieall 0 d0 #A dAa 0i= v•a v „

("all ffi#e UA"e ffi#e ’ U).

- %DA= #R tQ *c# =t tiQ "Ct add-A *Q "Ct *i'u teA

## " Aeall l "Ct 0 d0 *c# #i t tK0 liux A_# "P # %`

t tK0 idAs.

- ]@u "P # #a bB v\i "# *# #r l "Ct tp0 la #A "B0 #a

bB, bB #> #R "Ct sY iQu bi@t *>P * #? bj v' *i'u iux *Q #R *c#^0 => "'" #i *_t v @u "uK ABt *C0 tKt tM bB =ji #;u M #j ai

*i'u v %DA=. TuP i bj tE %DA= l "Ct *i'u i0 bB

L0 #> ti@t =ji bi@t iux *Q s d0 t tK0.

@II Na‹ a\a caY Q\ ea k XlS cX`c mUnSoo

@II@1@ ChX a\a caY

.II.1.1. 3'ao d'4n 0eb ]i'u tp0 la =# tB= *Ki v\i 0pi d0. ]R *ƒi „i sK lc0 *0 Q

tA0 vi# *A tBA v i 0i" *Q l" Zue v\i R. [iaA di "P # %` l "Ct

v d *iQ M. [iaA di *Q #;u M i=#A= l 0iaA di #BP b0 eb, *EP l 0iaA

di d‚ s d0 v tY# Zua #A 0pi Zuj t.

U“ M (0iaA di #a i=#A=).

.II.1.2. 3'ao d'4n !ạng $net0o&k 'nte&/ace5(%DA= #u0 #;= bK 0iaA di "B0 baA 0†" : [ee, blue, Aa0e,ed. +i

0iaA di "B0 *c# s d0 *Q @t Ki *@ "Ct "B0 i0 bit.

28


31/95

Hghi8n cu ng


32/95

Hghi8n cu ng


33/95

Hghi8n cu ng


34/95

Hghi8n cu ng


35/95

Hghi8n cu ng


36/95

Hghi8n cu ng


37/95

Hghi8n cu ng


38/95

Hghi8n cu ng @ C\ Z

39nh Na0 52t đ&/ chs WL cho c/r< mạng Green

39nh Nb0 ChQn mạng cXn


39/95

Hghi8n cu ng


40/95

Hghi8n cu ng


41/95

Hghi8n cu ng ng *à `e% prox( được m,

• O =a liet (i x=):

Ta #i *_t d# v:

39nh PZ0 CAient n.i *;i ipcop Vu/ c/r< mạng green Vu/ đ&/ chs httpMllNbP0Na00NlaN

JA d# v eb =AxP dQ bHt eable zNF%T!N M vy:

39

http://192.168.3.1/81http://192.168.3.1/81


42/95

Hghi8n cu ng


43/95

Hghi8n cu ng


44/95

Hghi8n cu ng


45/95

Hghi8n cu ng


46/95

Hghi8n cu ng


47/95

Hghi8n cu ng


48/95

Hghi8n cu ng


49/95

Hghi8n cu ng


50/95

Hghi8n cu ng ng *ào được mạng

39nh YZ0 78n phK/ cAient *=n *ào được mạng %9nh thường[mạng green]

48


51/95

Hghi8n cu ng


52/95

Hghi8n cu ng


53/95

Hghi8n cu ng


54/95

Hghi8n cu ng


55/95

Hghi8n cu ng


56/95

Hghi8n cu ng ng0

54


57/95


58/95

Hghi8n cu ng


59/95

Hghi8n cu ng ng %& hạn ch$

39nh Z0 C-u h9nh đ&/ chs WL cB/ xp

57


60/95

Hghi8n cu ng


61/95

Hghi8n cu ng : NGHI!N C"# "NG %&NG $OIC( IP

CHƯ7NG M Đ?#

TNG #AN Đ TÀI

@I Đ[ \

@I@1@ TV Z[ \TM" iQu 0 d0 JAi#e %=

@I@>@ MdX ZeXa Q\ f agS

• TM" iQu #u0 v' 0 d0 JAi#e %=

• TM" iQu v' d# v *i tABi vAi#e i=

• {EP dY0 *c# "L M de"A v' JAi#e %=

• # iQu @t Ki s d0 vAi#e i=

59


62/95

Hghi8n cu ng 0 s~ #R #a "B0 iteet. JAi= l "Ct tA0

^0 #L0 0 vi‚ tL0 *a0 *c# Zua tE" ;t i aP L0 #r *Ki v\i

ai t#, ## sj xu;t " #ƒ #j v\i 0pi s d0 d# v.

JAi= #R tQ v•a tY# i "Si lABi #uC# 0Si t "B0 *i tABi tuPQ tK0 (DT]) *†0 tpi tuP' d^ liu t #? sk "B0 tuP' d^ liu. VA ##

u *iQ" v' 0i t d# v v sY t# c= i'u lABi M d# v vAi= i aP

*c# tiQ ai "Ct ## C0 hi.

V# v *i tABi vAi= l d# v 0 d0 0iaA t# %D, 0uP t# #a vAi=

baA 0†" vi# sK A t iu ti@0 Ri, tY# i vi# t iu sK, #ia „ ## 0Ri

@u #> v tuP' 0Ri ti P Zua "B0, t\i ?i H ## 0Ri ti P *c# = lBi teA

*


63/95

Hghi8n cu ng h9nh chung *ề 1oice Wp

@I@>@ ChX Za agS oV ‰WS Zt $ ̀XU Ic- $`IP ’ JAi#e Ave %teet DAtA#Al (#ƒ 0Si l %D Tele=AP, %teet

tele=AP v Vi0ital DAe) ’ l M t# tuP' ## #uC# *" tABi Zua %teetaP ## "B0 %D #.

- -IP ’ essiA %itiatiA DAtA#Al ([iaA t# ki tBA Di) ’ l "Ct 0iaA t#

=t tiQ bki %!TF ++z% WAi0 [Au= v l tiu #u| *' xu;t #A vi# ki

tBA, sa *qi v #;" dt "Ct =i t?0 t# 0pi d0 baA 0†" ## t tK *a

=?0 ti =i", ti@0 Ri, ti a, tƒ #?i tY# tuP@ v tY# tBi jA.

- P-TN ’ te =ubli# sit#ed tele=Ae etA ("B0 #uPQ "B# *i tABi

#L0 #C0) ’ l ?i tH= tu0 ## "B0 *i tABi #uPQ "B# t t@ 0i\i, #w0

t?0 tY %teet l ?i tH= tu0 ## "B0 #uPQ "B# 0Ri %D #L0 #C0 tt@ 0i\i.

- I-%N ’ %te0ated evi#es Vi0ital ]etA (+B0 T# c= V# v K) ’ l

"Ct lABi tK0 "B0 *i tABi #uPQ "B#, *c# ti@t @ *Q #A == tuP' k

dB0 sK (0c# v\i t?0 tY) ti@0 Ri v d^ liu Zua dEP *i tABi b0 *†0 tL0

tp0, *e" lBi #;t lc0 v @t Zuj #aA ? sA v\i ## tK0 t?0 tY.

- PB‘ ’ Divate Oa# e{#a0e (Tq0 *i i Ni0 - #ƒ 0Si l

Divate Ousiess e{#a0e ’ Tq0 *i L0 tP Ni0) ’ l "Ct tq0 *i *i tABi sk

61


64/95

Hghi8n cu ng "'".

@I@F@ ChX a\a caY ` iu $ ̀XU Ic# t => #Kt l‡i #a 1 "B0 JA%D baA 0†": [ateaP, JA%D eve, %D

etA, !d zse !Zui="ets

[ateaP: l t => 0iu Ki #A ## "B0

%D, [+ v #j "B0 aalA0.

?oI* 5e& JA%D `da=te bki #


65/95

Hghi8n cu ng 1 JA%D

ada=te @t Ki v\i "P *i tABi.


66/95

Hghi8n cu ng u *Q "ua ## tele=Ae%D, 0 #i = v' lEu di sˆ "a0 *@ lci # *0

Q.

39nh ^0 Chu(Sn mạch g)i trong *oice WL

JA%D s d0 G tuHt #uPQ "B# 0Ri (=a#et-sit#i0 - D) #a %teet *QtuP' tji d# v tABi taP vM G tuHt #uPQ "B# (#i#uit-sit#i0 - )

tA0 "B0 *i tABi tuP' tK0 (DT] -Dubli# sit#ed tele=Ae etA).

JM JA%D s d0 D R #R i'u ti # " D "a0 lBi sA v\i . tQ,

D #A == "Ct vi #uC# tABi s d0 "Ct ti 0uP t?0 *?0 ti 0uP d

#A 1 #uC# tABi . J d "Ct #uC# tABi 1I =


67/95

Hghi8n cu ng


68/95

Hghi8n cu ng

CÁCH TH"C HOẠT ĐNG NH9N TỐ /NHHƯNG $À CÁC B GIAO TH"C

@I $ ̀XU Ic aù Zv a^ at \ì Ri vA K0 0e aP "i#A=Ae, 0iS0 Ri sˆ tBA a t iu *i t•, *R l

^0 t iu aalA0. Te a]W SSo` Z^_X XaW|p }S e a]W }~ d0 tuHt tA

*_# bit *Q #uPQ *qi. ]^0 ti@t b # au #R ## #uPQ *qi # au

JA%D =Ae aP sAft=Ae, @u d0 *i tABi aalA0 tL0 tp0 tM #> "Ct

Tele=AP `da=te (T`). au *R 0iS0 Ri *c# sK Ra sˆ *c# *R0 vA 0Ri ti v0ki t "B0 %D.

TA0 suKt ti@ tM "Ct 0iaA t# %D aP U323 sˆ *c# d0 *Q *iQu

iQ (#AtAl) #uC# 0Si l ti@t lH=, ZuaP sK, 0t @t Ki‰ v NTD tM *c# d0

#A t 0 *j" bjA *C ti #HP v duP tM #;t lc0 d# v tA0 Zu ti tuP'.

@I@1@ -~ a‚S e a]W SSoÒiQu di‚ t iu t?0 tY(aalA0) t dB0 sK (di0ital) l #L0 vi# R

. JM bj tE dB0 E" ta 0iS0 Ri #A 0pi k dB0 aalA0 dA *R #>

"Ct sK lc0 l\ ## 0i t di0ital *Q biQu di‚ bi *C (a"=litude), t> sK(feZue#P)v =a (=ase), #uPQ *qi ^0 0i t *R t dB0 sK =E(eA v Ae) l ;t

R . > ti@t #> #R #? #@ d0 *Q tY# i sY #uPQ *qi P v @t Zuj #a

sY =t tiQ P l sY a *pi #a ^0 ti@t b *c# 0Si l #Ade# (#Ade-de#Ade) aP

l ti@t b "h v 0iji "h.

T iu * tABi aalA0 (0iS0 Ri #A 0pi) *c# *_t vA *>u vA #a ti@t

b #Ade# v *c# #uPQ *qi t #ui sK =E k *>u a. au *R Zu tM P

tY# i tk lBi b0 ## #uPQ #ui sK t dB0 aalA0 k *>u #uKi, v\i #0

Zui tM #Ade#.

R 4 b\# li Zua *@ Zu tM sK Ra(di0itii0) "Ct t iu t?0

tY(aalA0):

• "J: !K# $=a!pl'ng(

• "LMng tN h)a $O#ant'Pat'on(

• AQ h)a $Dncod'ng(

• ,Rn g'ọng n)' $?o'ce Co!p&e55'on(

66


69/95

Hghi8n cu ng sK:

+i *c# =E =Ki teA "Ct b0 t> x# *, tL0 tp0 #R b' C0 4

#A d# v tABi.

PCMPWo}U X`…U i`…WoS`„- &i'u #@ teA "h: l =?0 == tL0 d0

;t #uPQ *qi ## t iu aalA0 sa0 dB0 di0ital ( v 0c# lBi) *Q #R tQ vH

#uPQ Zua "Ct tK0 tuP' d sK aP ## Zu tM x l/ sK.Y bi@ *qi P baA 0q" 3 ti@ tM #:

• ;P "u

• c0 t A

• +h A.

Ti@ tM P ABt *C0 sau:

[iai *AB *>u ti #uj D+ l l;P "u ## t iu H= (t iu *i vA ti@t

b sK A), R tBA a "Ct tu> tY ## "u aalA0 d\i dB0 #ui D`+. # "u D̀ +#R dhi bi *C Ki ti@= au, sau *R =E #ia dji bi *C P t "Ct sK 0i\i B

## Aj0.

T;t #j ## "u v\i ## bi *C A *R @u "u A ?i vA "Ct Aj0 *_#

bit A tM *c# 0 #0 "# 0i t #uj Aj0 *R. L0 vi# P *c# 0Si l

lc0 t A‘.

uKi #0 tA0 bC "h A, *C l\ #a ## "u *c# l?0 t A *c# biQu

di‚ bki ## "h =E

67


70/95

Hghi8n cu ng @ *q| i“W -Sico„

39nh P0 -( m=uT iu E" ta t "B0 *i tABi #R =q 0 lc0 *Bt *@ 1I. TuP

i, >u @t 0 lc0 *'u tH= tu0 k => t;= ? tA0 dji P. VA *R *Q ti@t

i" b0 tL0 tA0 ## tK0 tuP' *c# 0= teA FV+ v #j TV+.

# *i tABi tp0 0i\i B b0 t> tA0 Aj0 t• 3II *@ 34IIU.

TuP i tA0 tY# t@ sˆ #R "Ct t 0 l?0 i‚u *c# #uPQ Zua d\i dB0 ##

t> sK #aA ? t> sK iu d0 34IIU.

VA *R =q t| sK #R tQ *c# "k C0 *@ 4, teA l/ tuP@t ]PZuist: i

"Ct t iu tM *c# l;P "u *†0 tpi k "i Aj0 * M v #R tK# *C t ;t

b0 ai l> =q t> sK #aA ;t, sau *R w0 "u P sˆ "a0 * tL0 ti *Q #A

== vi# ti tBA lBi # x# t iu k ti@t b H. J\i =q t> sK #aA ;t #A

tABi l 4IIIU aP 8III "u *c# l;P tA0 "Ct 0iEP, Aj0 ## 0i^a "i "u l

125 "i#A 0iEP.

68


71/95

Hghi8n cu ng tY l biQu di‚ 0i t # x# #A"i "u *c# l;P. +i "u #R tQ *c# 0 #A "Ct 0i t sK, t?0 0 v\i bi *C

(teA #i'u #aA) #a "u.

au i tY# i 0i\i B *>u ti *Ki v\i bi *C t?0 0 v\i dji "u, *@

lct "i "u sˆ *c# sA s v\i "Ct tH= c= ## "# lc0 t v 0 vA "Ct "#

x;= xr v\i R. gui * 0 t;t #j ## "u tA0 #0 Aj0 0i^a ai "# lc0 t

*c# xe" #R #0 0i t. au *R 0i t 0 *c# d0 tA0 tK0 tuP'.

Y =# †i M dB0 t iu ba *>u *ƒi „i tY# i teA \0 0c#

lBi.

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bt #ƒ lBi biQu di‚ #A *C l\— bit *>u ti #r â t aP ^a d\i #a dhP, bit t

ai #r => t t aP d\i, bit t 3 #r => t" t aP d\i v # t@ ti@= t#.

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V0 b\# t t l tP #S *Q aP ti@t i" b0 tL0. J\i tP #S P t

"Ct #R tQ "a0 i'u #uC# 0Si d†0 tpi.

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bit. # =?0 == P tY# i "h Ra ti@0 Ri v\i tK# *C „ ? tK# *C #a

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xu;t #a *i'u #@ delta, tA0 *R "Ct bit *? d0 *Q "h Ra "i "u D`+ A_# l\

? A_# „ ? "u t\# *R. JM L0 B #@ bki 8 bit, "h Ra #R tQ Sat *L0

k tK# *C # au vA „a0 2I =s.

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#u|, k *R sY # bit 0i^a ## "u li ti@= au *c# "h Ra, taP vM t;t #j ##

"u *i'u *c# "h Ra, *c# tuP' t *p0 dEP. %TT #R *' 0 "Ct #u|

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u| D+ tM #w0 *c# bi@t #u| %Tz [.711

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TK# *C [.726: 32 =s˜(2™4 U)™4 bit"

TK# *C [.726: 24 =s˜(2™4 U)™3 bit"

TK# *C [.726: 16 =s˜(2™4 U)™2 bit"u

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73/95

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* "i i #R "Ct Aj0 tK0 tA0 lpi tABi v lABi b„ sY tuP' ## Aj0 0r,

?i tk, v ## Aj0 i" l_0 #. &i'u *R #R tQ l t\i 5I-6I} tpi 0ia #a "Ct

#uC# 0Si, 0iu a, "Ct ## 0 # *c# Pu #>u k *>u H *Q bq su0 ##

ti@0 *C0 k *>u a

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i0ali0 DAtA#Al *i'u iQ vi# #i *_t #uC# 0Si.

72

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75/95

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DAtA#Al " tA0 t>0 zVD.

# #u0 #;= #R tQ s d0 ## 0iaA t# i0 aP ## 0iaA t# "k C0

dYa t ' #a 1 tA0 2 0iaA t# tiu #u| ZuK# t@ l U.323 v %D. J d ]Atel

s d0 0iaA t# z]%T%+ (zified ]etA ti"ulus) is#A s d0 0iaA t#

D ( i0ali0 Ae#tiA AtAl Dat) ]^0 0iaA t# i0 P 0EP R

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0i\i.[iaA t# P #uPQ *qi ## #uC# Ci tABi vAi#e, videA, aP ## tH= ti v

## 0 d0 *a =?0 ti #> t?0 t# v\i DT]. 0iaA t# #u|, baA t"

## 0iaA t# t\# *R U.225,U.245, U.235,‰

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;u tu.

39nh 0 1K


77/95

Hghi8n cu ng u P *@ "P #a `li#e. ]@u `li#e *†0 /, t iu ‘ sˆ

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bq su0 #a %De# i *i'u () v "B0 tuP' vH ( tas=At etA) #R

tc %De#.

@III Tea {` iz Q\ a^b xa–X cadX

@III@1@ Tea {` iz XlS $`XU IcJA%D *c# *a vA s d0 C0 hi i #L0 0 t# c= 0iS0 Ri v d^

liu =t tiQ. VA s d0 #u0 ## t => ti@t b #u0 v\i "Li tp0 tuP'

d^ liu "B0 ( data etA), JA%D #w0 #u #u0 v\i ## v; *' v' bjA "Ht vK #R

#a "B0 data. ]^0 bC 0iaA t# "\i d i0 #a JA%D a *pi #w0 "a0 teA

i'u v; *' # v' t bjA "Ht.

75

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78/95

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M j lu tL0 t "B0

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* *c# taP *qi "Ct i tK0 *c# tiQ ai. Ji# E0 #;= tK0 *

… #w0 *c# xe" xt "Ct ## # *0.

+L M "B0 tA0 #L0 tP #R s d0 JA%D #> =ji *c# xe" xt. J; *'

tKt ;t #R tQ l" l =E #ia ## "P s d0 JA%D v data a l" 2 "B0 #

au. &Ki v\i ## vAi#e 0ateaP ( ?i #R sY Ki 0= 0i^a DT] v %D ) #> =ji #_

## 0Ri %D, U.323 A_# b;t # 0Ri d^ liu A *c# 0i *@ t• "B0 data. Ji# "h

A ## 0Ri ti tBi NAute v [ateaP s d0 %De# l 1 lYa #S tKt #A vi# bjA"Ht.

76

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79/95

Hghi8n cu ng "'". . d0 v #H= Ht => "'" #K0 vius ’ D> "'" #K0 vius #R tQ

H a v bjA v "P t #K0 lBi ## vius *h *c# * 0a. +_# d vHP y t;

#L0 luL tM" "Si ## *Q vi@t a ## vius "\i, # vM vHP bB =ji tp0 xuP

#H= Ht => "'" vius .

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d# v #A == "h Ra. ]@u #L0 vi# #a bB li Zua *@ i'u v; *' i0 t

v bjA "Ht tM #w0 #E # *@ ## tP #S #R s~ P.

i *_t v # ABt tp0 la ’Tp0 la #R tQ 0 #_ i'u iQu xE"H= b0 vi# Ra lu lc0 0uP iQ" t\# i # "'"

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vHP, vi# #A == ## t 0 # tQ #R tQ *Q lBi #A bB i'u l q0 d‚ b t;

#L0. JM vHP vL iu Ra "Ct sK t 0 @u bB #j" t;P L0 #> ti@t. iQ" ta

## ti@t lH= #a bB, ti@t lH= bjA "Ht i0 v #S ## tP #S " bB #> *Q t

"a0 lBi ^0 i A L0 *0 #R.

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80/95

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file j % Aj0 67I +b.

.I.1.1. 3h' &a C;

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Zua tS0 #> =ji #< / *R l vi# 0i P L0 *? 0ij #r l #A=P file vA V.

OB =ji 0i teA dB0 j %. R tQ s d0 #?0 tM "i‚ = VOue{D

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82/95

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83/95

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84/95

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85/95

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86/95

Hghi8n cu ng


87/95


88/95

Hghi8n cu ng


89/95

Hghi8n cu ng


90/95

Hghi8n cu ng


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Hghi8n cu ng


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93/95

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94/95

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