nghushjhu mgptpuj;jpf; fl;likg;g...tlkhfhz kjd;ikj; jpl;lnkhd;wpw;fhd nghushjhu mgptpuj;jpf;...

tlkhfhz Kjd;ikj; jpl;lnkhd;wpw;fhd

nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jpf;

fl;likg;G

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; nghWg;Ghpikaspf;fg;gl;l mwpf;if

,t;twpf;ifapy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jf;fs; ahTk; FO

mq;fj;jtHfspd; RahjPdkhd jdpg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fNsad;wp mit ,yq;if

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; fUj;Jf;fisg; gpujpgypf;ftpy;iy.

Xfj;J 2018

1

Kd;Diu

tlkhfhzj;jpw;fhd nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp Kjd;ikj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,f;fl;likg;gpw;F

nghWg;Ghpikaspj;jikf;fhf> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; MSeH> KidtH ,e;jpu[pj;

FkhuRthkp mtHfSf;F ehq;fs; ed;wp $w flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. NkYk;> kj;jpa

tq;fpapd; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; mtHfs; toq;Fk; Mjutpw;Fkhd vkJ ed;wp chpj;jhfl;Lk;.

vkJ MNyhridfs; kw;Wk; fs Ma;Tfspy; vk;NkhL ,ize;J nfhz;L jkJ

Ez;zwptpidAk; mDgtq;fisAk; vk;NkhL gfpHe;J nfhz;l midtUf;Fk; vkJ ed;wpfs;.

,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; fpspnehr;rp gpuNjr mYtyfj;jpd;

mYtyHfs; FOtpd; xOq;fikg;G cjtpapd;wp KOik ngw;wpUf;f KbahJ. ,f;FOtpd;

nrayhsHfshfg; gzpahw;wpa jpU. m. m. nwh. yhd;rd; kw;Wk; jpUkjp. j. [a&gp

MfpNahUf;F vkJ ed;wpfs;. NkYk; nry;tp. [h. FfNde;jpud; mtHfspd; Ma;tpw;fhd

Mjutpw;fhf vkJ ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

jpUkjp. NrhNkrRe;jhp fpU~;zFkhH kw;Wk; NguhrphpaH. ~hFy; `];Gy;yh Mfpa vkJ

,uz;L FO mq;fj;jtHfspdJk; kfj;jhd gq;fspg;gpid ehq;fs; epidtpw;nfhs;fpd;;Nwhk;.

jpUkjp. NrhNkrRe;jhp fpU~;zFkhH mtHfs; jkJ ,e;j Kaw;rpapy; mauhJ <Lgl;bUe;j

NghjpYk; mtuJ Nkhrkhd cly;epiy fhuzkhf njhlHe;Jk; vk;NkhL gzpahw;w Kbahky;

NghdJld; ,e;j mwpf;if KOik ngWtjw;F Kd;dNu ,iwgjk; mile;Jtpl;lhH.

mNjNghd;W NguhrphpaH ~hFy; `];Gy;yh mtHfs; jkJ jpBH RfaPdk; fhuzkhf vk;ik

Nrhfj;jpw;F cs;shf;fp ,e;j mwpf;if epiwT nra;ag;gLtjw;F Kjy; ehs; vk;ik

tpl;Lg;gphpe;jhH. ,t;tpuz;L fy;tpkhd;fSf;Fk; jkJ tho;ehis ,t;thuha;r;rpf;fhf

nrytpl;ljw;fhfTk; ngWkjpkpf;f Ma;Tf;FOtpy; gq;fspj;jikf;fhfTk;> ehL KOtjpYk;

xJf;fg;gl;L Gwe;js;sg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf Fuy; nfhLg;gjpy; mtHfspd; mauhj

ciog;gpw;fhfTk; vkJ ed;wpfisAk; ghuhl;Ljy;fisAk; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

,f;fl;likg;ghdJ tlkhfhzj;jpd; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;Fk; mgptpUj;jp gw;wpa fhpridf;F

kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf mikAk; vd ehk; ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;.

gh. rptjPgd;

FOtpd; jiytH

FO mq;fj;jtHfs;:

KidtH. m. fjpHfhkH

KidtH. M. fe;ijah

jpU. rp. fpU~;zhde;jd;

jpUkjp. R. etul;zk;

jpU. k. #hpaNrfuk;

itj;jpaH. uh. RNue;jpuFkhud;

2

cs;slf;fk;

1. epiwNtw;Wr; RUf;fk; ………………………………………………………………… 03

2. mwpKfk; ………………………………………………………………………………. 08

3. tlf;F nghUshjhur; #oikT ……………………………………………………… 11

4. NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd kPs;fl;Lkhdf; nfhs;iffSk; mtw;wpd; rthy;fSk; …….. 14

5. nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp Kjd;ikj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd fl;likg;G ………………….. 18

6. tlf;fpd; gpujhd rthy;fs; …………………………………………………………... 29

7. JiwrhH Kd;Dhpikfs; ……………………………………………………………… 32

8. Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu Kd;Dhpikfs; ………………………………………………. 37

9. KbTiu ………………………………………………………………………………... 39

3

tlkhfhzj;jpw;fhd nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;

fl;likg;G - Kjd;ikj; jpl;lk;

1. epiwNtw;Wr; RUf;fk;

,g; ‘nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp Kjd;ikj; jpl;lnkhd;wpw;fhd fl;likg;G’ ,d; Nehf;fk; 2030

mstpy; tl ,yq;ifapd; vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhd ePz;l fhy tsHr;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd

‘jpl;l tiuT’ xd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F ajhHj;jkhdJk; ,af;fthw;wy; kpf;fJkhd

fUtpnahd;whf tpsq;FtNjahFk;. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; MSeuJ Nfhhpf;ifapd;gb

,f;fUJNfhs;kag;gLj;jiy Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhf FOnthd;W epWtg;gl;lJ.

MSehpd; gq;Nfw;Gld; tlf;fpy; elj;jg;gl;l $l;lq;fspd; NghJ NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd

mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; ngWNgWfs; NghJkhdstpy; ,y;iy vd;gJ

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fwpg;ghf> cs;@H Fbj;njhifapdUf;fhd tYthd njhopy; tha;g;G

kw;Wk; tUkhdk; NghJkhdjhf ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf Njhd;wpa fld;Rik neUf;fb

Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cUthfp tUk; Gjpa Nehf;Ffs; kw;Wk; mDgtq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L>

,f;fl;likg;ghdJ> tl khfhzj;jpw;F RgPl;rj;jpidAk; Vw;wj;jho;tw;w rkj;Jtkhd

jd;ikapidAk; nfhz;LtUk; tpjj;jpy; Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazpg;gjw;fhd Gjpa

ghijnahd;wpid tiutjw;F nfhs;if tFg;NghHfs;> nfhiltoq;FeHfs;> FbrhH

r%fj;jtHfs; MfpNahUf;F tsq;fis toq;Fk;. mt;thW nra;Ak; nghOJ> rkhjhdk;

kw;Wk; kPspzf;fq;fspd; gue;jstpyhd Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk; Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpd;

tsHr;rpAldhd xUq;fpizg;gpidAk; tYthd Kiwapy; mile;J nfhs;s KbAnkd

ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

%d;W jrhg;j fhyg; NghUf;Fg; gpd;dH> tlf;fpy; NghUf;Fg; gpd;ida r%fg; nghUshjhu

rthy;fs; moptile;j kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpailahj cl;fl;likg;G> rpijtile;J Nghd r%f

epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; ehl;bd; vQ;rpa gFjpfSld; xg;gpLifapy; gpd;jq;fpapUf;Fk; kdpj

tsq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpd; epajpfspy; kpfg; gpukhz;lkhditfshff; fhl;rp jUfpd;wd.

NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd kPs;fl;Lkhd cghakhdJ fl;llthf;f cl;fl;likg;G> Ranjhopy;

tha;g;gpid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd nfhLfld; tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; jdpahH Jiw KjyPl;bid

Cf;Ftpj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw ikag;gLj;jpapUe;j NghJk;> tYthd ePbj;j nghUshjhu

tsHr;rp> njhopy;epiy kw;Wk; mjpfhpj;j tPl;lyFfspd; tUkhdq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw

toq;Ftjpy; vjpHghHg;Gf;fs; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gltpy;iy.

,j;jifa ngWNgWfSf;Fg; gy fhuzpfs; gq;fspj;jpUf;fpd;wd. KjyhtJ> khfhzj;jpd;

nghUshjhu jsj;jpy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JgtHfshd “rpwpasT” cw;gj;jpahsHfspdJk;

epWtdq;fspdJk; cw;gj;jpahf;fj;jpid khw;wpaikf;fpd;w tpjj;jpyhd Kiwapay; rhHe;j

KjyPLfSf;fhd mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; Njhy;tp fz;bUg;gjhFk;. ,uz;lhtJ>

4

,dptUk; KjyPLfs; ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;Fs; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLfpd;w NjHr;rp kw;Wk;

,aystpw;Nfw;w Kiwapy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. %d;whtJ> mgptpUj;jpapy;

mHj;jKs;s tpjj;jpy; gq;Nfw;fr; nra;tjid ,aYikg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; ePz;l NghhpypUe;J

kPz;LtUfpd;w kf;fs; ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba jd;ikf;Fg; NghJkhdstpw;F jPHT

fhzg;glhjpUg;gJ. ,Wjpahf> kPs;fl;Lkhd cghak; njspthd Nghf;fpid Nghjpastpy;

nfhz;buhjJld; mjd; jd;ikAk; KOikahdjhff; fhzg;glhjJld; NghJkhd

,izg;gpidAk; mJ jk;kpilNa nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. cghakhdJ ‘nraw;wpl;l mbg;gil’

,id kl;LNk kdjpy; epWj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,J rhjfkw;w tpisTfSf;Nf

toptFj;jpUf;fpwJ.

khfhzj;jpd; tsq;fs;> ,ayhw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; Njitfisf; nfhz;l Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu

Ma;Tfspy; fz;lwpag;gl;ltw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;> kpf ,d;wpaikahj tlf;fpd; nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; Gjpa njhiyNehf;Fk; gazpf;Fk; ghijAk; kpf mtrpakhd Njitahff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa Ma;tpw;F Mjutspf;ff;$ba fl;likg;nghd;W

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> ,J> %d;W cs;sfj; juTj; J}z;fshd cw;gj;jpf; fhuzpfs;>

,aYikg;gLj;Jfpd;w #oy;> mgptpUj;jpapd; r%f mbg;gilfs; vd;gdtw;iwr; Rw;wp

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cw;gj;jpf; fhuzpfs;> cw;gj;jpiaAk; nghUshjhu tsHr;rpiaAk; mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd Kf;fpa

cs;sPLfshf tpsq;Fk; khfhzj;jpd; %yjdk;> njhopyhsH> epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if

%ytsq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpidf; Fwpf;fpd;wd. cw;gj;jp ,lk;ngWfpd;w #oy; cs;shHe;j

tsHr;rpapd; kPJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjid mq;fPfhpf;fpd;w

tpjj;jpy; fl;likg;ghdJ njhopy;El;gtpay;> cl;fl;likg;G> xOq;Ftpjpfs;> epWtdq;fs;

kw;Wk; re;ijfs; vd;gd trjpg;gLj;jy; tfpghfj;jpid Mw;Wtjid milahsk;

fz;bUg;gjdhy; mit ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba $Wfshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,Wjpahf> r%f

mbj;jsq;fis> Fwpg;ghf czT kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J> tho;f;ifj;ju epiyikfs;> Rfhjhuk;

kw;Wk; fy;tp vd;gd njhlHghd tplaq;fis tYg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mgptpUj;jpfspy;

gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd mtHfspd; ,ayhw;wiy cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kf;fs; kPjhd KjyPLfs;

typAWj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

5

;

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd r%f mbj;jsk;

czTk; Cl;lr;rj;Jk;

czTg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; tPl;lyFfspd; kPnsOr;rp

ciwtplk;> ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;

epykw;NwhUf;fhd tPlikg;G> Rj;jkhd ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhu

Nritfs;

Rfhjhuk;

khw;WtYTilNahH kw;Wk; kdeyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhH Nghd;NwhUld; thOk; kf;fSf;Fk; taJ

KjpHe;NjhH Fbj;njhiff;Fkhd Nritf; fpilg;gdit ,yFgLj;jy;

fy;tp

ghlrhiy tuT kw;Wk; milT> tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy fw;gpj;jy; juk; Nghd;wtw;iw mjpfhpj;jy;

cw;gj;jpapd; nghUshjhuj; jsj;jpid

gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf r%fj;jpd; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba jd;ikfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

cw;gj;jp

%yjdk;

jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba KjyPl;L %yjdk;> njhopw;gL

%yjdk;

njhopyhsH

ngz;fs; njhopw;gilapd; gq;Nfw;G> ,isNahH

Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik> jpwd; mgptpUj;jp> Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhsHfs;

epyKk; ,aw;if tsq;fSk;

epyf;fpilg;gdT>epyg;gad;ghL> epyk; Jz;lhlg;gly;>

,aw;ifts Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G

Ntshz;ik> ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nrit

cw;gj;jpf;fhuzpfis xOq;fikj;jYk; xd;Wjpul;lYk;

#oiy ,aYikg;gLj;jy;

njhopy;El;gk;> Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp

Fiwe;j njhopy;El;gk;> Fiwe;j nrytpyhd jPHTfis gue;j epiyapy; Nkk;gLj;Jjy;

cl;fl;likg;G

rpwpa cw;gj;jpahsHfspd; NjitfSf;F vjpHfhy cl;fl;likg;Gf;fisr;

rkg;gLj;jy;

xOq;Ftpjpfs;

epyf;fpilg;gdT> ,aw;if tsq;fspd; mbj;jsj;jpid ghJfhj;jy;> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;G epiyfis Nkk;gLj;jy;

epWtdq;fs;

fhj;jpukhd Mjutpid toq;Ftjw;Fk; cw;gj;jpahsH

mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; tiyaikg;G Nghd;wtw;wpw;F

mur epWtdq;fis xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;

re;ijfs;

Kiwik mgptpUj;jp> Vw;Wkjp tpahghu ,izg;Gfs;

mjpfhpj;j cw;gj;jp cWjpj;jd;ikf;Fg;

nghUshjhur; nrayhw;Wehpd; khw;wkilfpd;w

,ayhw;wYf;fhd nghUshjhur; #oy; gjpypWg;Gf;fis

cWjpg;gLj;jy;

6

fl;likg;ig gad;gLj;jpa gFg;gha;thdJ> r%f kPnsOr;rpapidg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

r%fq;fspd; KjyPlhdJ tlf;fpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd cghakhf mikAnkd;gjidAk;

nkJthdnjdpDk; kpfTk; cWjpahd xU nghUshjhu tsHr;rpg; ghijapid rpghhpR

nra;fpd;wikapidAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ. Gjpa mgptpUj;jp khjphpfs;:

cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Nkk;ghl;Lr; nrad;Kiwia Muk;gpg;gjw;F> Vw;fdNtAs;s kw;Wk; Gjpa

rpwpa mstpyhd cw;gj;jpahsHfs; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fspy; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy;

%yjdj;ij KjyPL nra;jypYk;

rhj;jpakhdstpw;F mjpfsT kf;fs; ghJfhg;ghdJk; gj;jpukhdJkhd fpukkhd

Ntiytha;g;Gfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; njhopyhsH nrwptpidf;

nfhz;bUj;jypYk;

epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsq;fis nrwpthd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;JtNjhL> Kf;fpakhf

Ntshz;ikia Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JtjpYk;

ghhpasthd ,lHNeHTfis vjpHNehf;ff;$batHfSf;Fk;> Vw;Wkjp cl;gl causthd

ngWkjp re;ijapDs; Eioaf;$batHfSf;Fkhf eLj;jufhy Kaw;rpahsHfSf;F

Mjutspg;gjpYk;

khfhzk; KOtjpYk; NtWgl;l kf;fs; FOf;fspilNaAk; gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; ghypd

NtWghLfs; epahakhd tpjj;jpy; Fiwf;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;JtjpYk;

Kf;fpa ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;Jtjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

nghUshjhu jsj;jpid tYg;gLj;Jfpd;wikapd; kPJ ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;Jfpd;w

mNjNtisapy; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fSf;F Mjutspg;gJ vd;w ,e;j

,UKid cghaj;jpw;F Mjutspg;gJ tlf;fpy; xU tYthdJk;> kpfTk; nefpo;r;rp

cilaJkhd nghUshjhu mbj;jsj;jpid cUthf;Fnkd;gJld;> ,jd; %yk; nghUshjhu

tsHr;rpia ePz;lfhyj;jpy; tpiuTgLj;jTk; KbAk;.

NkYk;> vjpHfhyj;jpy; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; eilKiwg;gLj;jypy; tlf;fpy;> Fwpg;ghf> NghUf;Fg;

gpd;duhd vr;rq;fSld; njhlHghd rthy;fis Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,it Gjpa nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpepuiy Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd

jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Njit> nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jiy eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mgptpUj;jp

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid Nehf;fp kPsjpirKfg;gLj;jy;> ngUksT r%fg; gq;Nfw;G> njhopw;gil

mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; fhyepiy khw;wk; Nghd;w epr;rkw;w jd;ikfSf;fhd jpl;lkply;

vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

%ytsq;fs; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf khfhz

kl;lj;jpy;> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Gjpa cghankhd;W eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. Kd;Ndwpr; nry;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaKs;s topfshf fPo;tUk; Jiwthhpahd

Kd;DhpikfSk; Kf;fpa JiwfSk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

7

- Ntshz;ik: tPl;lyFfspd; kPnsOr;rp kw;Wk; czTg; ghJfhg;gpid va;Jjy;>

gue;jsthd cw;gj;jpahf;f Nkk;ghl;bD}lhf ,yhgfukhdJk; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;

$baJkhd Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpapid mjpfhpj;jy; vd;gd kPJ KjyPLfis

Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk;; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff; $ba Ntshz;ikapidg; ghjpf;ff;$ba ePH

Nghd;w ,lHNeHTfisf; Fiwj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

- ifj;njhopy;: Vw;fdNtAs;s jpwd;fs; kw;Wk; ,aYikiar; rhpahd tpjj;jpy;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F cs;ehl;L tsq;fis gad;gLj;Jk; rpwpa ifj;njhopy;fis

mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;F

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ifj;njhopy;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd: ngWkjp

NrHg;gpw;F Vw;wtpjj;jpy; Ntshz;ikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gjdply;fs;>

iftpidapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l njhopy;fs;> ,yF jahhpg;Gfs; kw;Wk;

GJg;gpf;ff;$ba tY.

- Nritfs;: epjpr;Nritfs;> nghJg;Nghf;Ftuj;J> ftdpg;Gr; Nritfs;> ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;

Nghd;w Jiwfspd; cs;@H Njitfis g+Hj;jp nra;af;$ba Nritfis

kPs;rpe;jidf;Fl;gLj;jp tphpthf;fk; nra;jy;. jfty; njhopEl;gk; kw;Wk;

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwfspd; ePz;lfhy Mw;wy;tha;e;j jd;ikia NkYk; fz;lwpag;glNtz;Lk;

vd;gJld; ,t;tsHr;rpia tYg;gLj;j njw;fpYs;s mDgtk; epiwe;j epWtdq;fspypUe;J

vr;rhpf;ifAld; $ba MjuTk; Njitg;glf;$Lk;.

- Nghhpdhy; rPuopf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpd; epiwNtw;wg;glhj Fwpg;gpl;l Njitfisr; rhpahd

jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ePz;l fhy hPjpapy; jpl;lkpLtjw;Fk; ,izg;gjw;Fkhf

tlgFjp jpl;lkply; gzpafnkhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

mj;jifa Njitfs; ePz;lfhy mgptpUj;jp epjpapliyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;>

njhopw;re;ij tphpthf;fk;> ,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp

ngWNgWfisf; fz;fhzpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

8

2. mwpKfk;

Nehf;fKk; nraw;gug;Gk;

,g; ‘nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp Kjd;ikj; jpl;lnkhd;wpw;fhd fl;likg;G| ,d; Nehf;fk;

,yq;if> tl khfhzj;jpd; vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhd ePz;l fhy tsHr;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd

‘jpl;l tiuT’ xd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd ajhHj;jkhdJk; ,af;fthw;wy;kpf;fJkhd

fUtpnahd;whf ,Ug;gNjahFk;. fld;Rik neUf;fb> cs;@H kf;fSf;fhd Ntiytha;g;Gk;

tUkhdKk; NghJkhdstpy; fpilg;gjpy; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa

tifapy; NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; tl nghUshjhuj;ij kPs

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F NghJkhdjhf ,y;yhjikapid mq;fPfhpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;> ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fpapd; MSehpd; Ntz;LNfhspdbg;gilapy; mj;jifa fl;likg;gpid mgptpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhf FOnthd;W epWtg;gl;lJ.

Fwpg;ghf cw;gj;jp> tsHr;rp kw;Wk; gq;fPL Mfpadtw;Wf;fpilapyhd ,af;fthw;wy; kpf;f

njhlHG Kiwfspd; mbg;gilapy; mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; cghaq;fspd;

tbtikg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F tlf;F nghUshjhuj;jpd; Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu

gFg;gha;Tfs; NghJkhditahf ,y;iy. mgptpUj;jpapd; ngWNgWfs;> rthy;fs; kw;Wk;

tha;g;Gf;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw gFg;gha;T nra;tjDhlhf nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Gjpa

2030 njhiyNehf;fpidAk; newpg;gLj;jiyAk; cUthf;Ftjid ,f;fl;likg;G Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;bUe;jJld; vjpHfhy Kjd;ikj; jpl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Kf;fpakhd

JiwfisAk; toq;fpaJ.

,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ Kf;fpa %d;W gq;fspg;Gf;fis toq;Ftjid ,yf;fhff;

nfhz;Ls;sJ:

1. xU jdpj;Jtkhd nfhs;if mZFKiwapd; mtrpaj;ij Ntz;bepw;Fk; tlgFjpg;;

Nghhpd; fhuzkhd vr;rq;fs; mgptpUj;jpg; gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; rthy;fis

Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kw;gLfpd;wJ.

2. ,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ> FO mq;fj;jtHfspd; cs;@H njhlHghd mwpT> tiyaikg;G

kw;Wk; Muha;r;rpfspypUe;jhd Ez;zwpTld; NrHj;J tiuag;gl;l tlf;F njhlHghd

ghHitapdJ Nfhzj;jpid toq;Ffpd;wJ.

3. ,f;fl;likg;ghdJ xU Kd;Ndhf;fpa ghHitiaf; nfhz;ljhf tpsq;FfpwJ ,J>

nghUshjhuj;jpd; KOikahd Nguz;l ghHitiaf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;bUg;gJld; eLj;ju

fhyj;jpypUe;J ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhd (2030) mgptpUj;jpf;Fhpa nry; newpnahd;wpidAk;

toq;FfpwJ.

,f;fl;likg;ghdJ> nfhs;if tFg;NghH> eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; KftHfs;> nfhilahsHfs;

kw;Wk; tlf;fpw;fhd vjpHfhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp tbtikg;G kw;Wk; jpl;lkply;

9

nra;Kiwapy; gq;fspg;NghUf;Fk; xU nghf;fp~khf miktij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

vjpHfhy gq;fspg;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfspd; nrhj;jhz;ikapid Cf;Ftpj;jy;

njhlHghf khfhzj;jpDs; fye;Jiuahly;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F ,e;j mwpf;if

gad;gLj;jg;glyhk; vdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

tlgFjpg; nghUshjhuk; njhlHghd xU KOikahd Ma;tpy; ehl;lk; nfhs;tJ FOtpd;

Ntiyahf ,y;iy. Vida mur kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; ,jid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

rpwe;j epiyapYs;sd. ,f;FOtpd; jiyaPlhdJ> Nghhpdhy; #iwahlg;gl;l nghUshjhuk;

kWrPuikf;fg;gLtjw;fhd rthy;fis gue;jstpy; gFg;gha;T nra;tjidAk; mgptpUj;jp

nrad;Kiw kw;Wk; %yf;$wpy; cs;s gpujhd ,ilntspapid Rl;bf;fhl;LtjidAk;

Nehf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; gpuNjr mYtyf (fpspnehr;rp) Kfhikahsiuj; jiytuhff;

nfhz;L epGzHfs;> fy;tpapayhsHfs;> ty;YdHfs;> mwpT> jpwd; kw;Wk; tlkhfhz

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp rhH mDgtk; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;l njhopy;rhHepGzHfis

cs;slf;fpa xU RahjPdFO cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;FO 2018 ngg;GUthp Kjy; Xfj;J

tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; jd;dhHt hPjpapy; gzpahw;wpAs;sJ.

mZF KiwAk; Ma;T KiwapaYk;

tlgFjp nghUshjhuj;jpd; gy;NtWgl;l Jiwfis Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf xU fUg;nghUs;

rhHe;j mZFKiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. KjyhtJ> NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd nghUshjhu

ngWNgWfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;tjpy; Kf;fpakhdJ vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;w Kf;fpa

fUg;nghUspd; nghJNehf;Fk; mgptpUj;jpr; nrad;KiwAk; ghPl;rpf;fg;gl;ld. ,it

Ntshz;ik> ifj;njhopy;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; r%f kw;Wk; ngsjPf cl;fl;Lkhdq;fs;

Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sd. ,uz;lhtjhf> mLj;j jrhg;j fhyj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhf Fwpg;gplg;glf;$ba rthy;fshf eilKiw mgptpUj;jp

Kd;ndLg;Gf;fspd; ,ilntspfs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;ld. ,it kdpjts mgptpUj;jp> ,isNahH

gpur;rpidfs;> gFjpj;jpl;lkply;> tq;fp kw;Wk; epjp> mgptpUj;jp KftHfspilNaahd

xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g gad;ghL vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

NkNy Fwpg;gp;lg;gl;lit xU KOikahd gl;bayhf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; $l> mit ePz;l fhy

mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfis fl;likj;jy; njhlHghd fle;jfhy tpthjq;fs; kw;Wk; mz;ika

Mz;Lfspy; ,lk;ngw;w cs;@H fye;Jiuahly;fspid cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;L

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ FO mq;fj;jtHfspd; mDgtq;fs;> Ma;Tfs;

kw;Wk; mwptpdhy; NkYk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;> Ie;J tlgFjp khtl;lq;fSf;Fk; tp[ak;

nra;jikapd; %yk; mq;Fs;s nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpg; nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; mj;Jld;

<LghLfisf; nfhz;l MHtyHfSldhd MNyhridfs; ,jw;F NkYk; cjTtjhf

mike;jJ.

10

tYthd mgptpUj;jp Nehf;F

NghhpypUe;J jg;gptUk; xU rKjhaj;jpd; NjitfSf;F Gjpa mZFKiwnahd;iw

tiufpd;w mNjNtisapy; khw;wkile;J tUfpd;w tYthd mgptpUj;jpnahd;iw Nehf;fpa

GjpanjhU ghijia Njrpa nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; Kw;Nghf;fhd rHtNjr epakq;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; tiue;J nfhs;sKbAk;. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; 2030Mk; Mz;bw;fhd

ePbj;jepiyahd mgptpUj;jpf;fhd epfo;r;rpepuypd; ifnahg;gjhuuhd ,yq;if jdJ 17

cyfshtpa ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff; $ba mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis (SDGs) miltjw;fhd

flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Njrpa nfhs;ifahdJ ,e;epiyNgWila mgptpUj;jp

,yf;Ffspy; 5,d; kPJ rpwg;Gf; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jp tUfpd;wJ. mitahtd:

tWikapd;ik> jukhd fy;tp> GJg;gpf;fg;glj;jf;f rf;jp tsk;> rkdpiyaw;w jd;ikiaf;

Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk; epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba efuq;fs; kw;Wk; r%fq;fs;. murhq;fj;jpd; nghJ

KjyPl;Lj; jpl;lk; (PIP) 2017 – 2020 ,d; nghUshjhu cghak; mjd; VO $Wfspy;

ehd;fpid gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ: mitahtd> kdpj tsj;jpd; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jy;>

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Jiwfspy; rkj;Jtj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;> gpuhe;jpa Vw;wj;jho;Tfisf;

Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oiyAk; ,aw;if tsq;fisAk; ghJfhj;jy; vd;gdthk;.

tlkhfhzj;jpy; gyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba mgptpUj;jpahd $ba gue;j r%fj; jsj;Jld;

,ize;j tifapy; ,j;Jiwfs; ed;F ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

NkNy $wg;gl;ltw;wpd; topfhl;lYld; “RgPl;rk; kpf;f rkj;Jtkhd tl khfhzj;ij”

cUthf;Fk; njhiyNehf;Fld; ,f;fl;likg;gpid cUthf;Ftjid ,f;FO

Kd;ndLj;Js;sJ. mgptpUj;jpia mZFtjidg; nghWj;jtiu causthd cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;>

nghUshjhu tsHr;rp vd;gtw;iw mile;J nfhs;s Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij czHe;J

nfhz;l FO cs;@H tsq;fis Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpf;fg;glhj tpjj;jpy; epiyahd Kiwapy;

gad;gLj;Jtjid Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. mLj;j jrhg;j fhyg;gFjpapy; nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jpahdJ rkj;Jtkpd;ik> r%f hPjpapy; xJf;fg;gl;l jd;ik kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa

epiyapYs;s gy;NtWgl;l kf;fs; njhif> efHg;Gw - fpuhkg;Gw ,ilntsp kw;Wk; rkr;rPuw;w

mgptpUj;jp vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa tifapy; jw;NghJ epyTfpd;w r%f - nghUshjhu

fl;likg;ig nghWj;J khw;wkilAk;. NkYk; Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rKjhak; vd;w

Kiwapy; gy jrhg;jq;fshf ghjpg;G epiwe;jJk; Mgj;jhdJkhd tho;f;iff;F gpd;dH r%f

kPnsOr;rpia kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gk; NghJ mgptpUj;jpapd; Kf;fpa Kaw;rpfs; cyfshtpa

hPjpapy; tUkhdk; kw;Wk; kdpj tsHr;rp Rl;bfspid Nkk;gLj;jpf;fhl;LtJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

11

3. tlf;F nghUshjhur; #oikT

Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dUk; NghUf;F Kd;dUkhd fhyg;gFjp

tuyhw;W fhyj;jpy; aho;g;ghzk; fhyzpj;Jtj;jpd; NghJ mur gzpapy; gzpahw;wpa eLj;ju

tHf;fj;jpdhpd; gztDg;gy; nghUshjhuj;JlDk; fy;tpapay; epWtdq;fSlDk; ,ize;j

tpjj;jpy; nropg;Gw;Wf; fhzg;gl;ltplj;J rpW clik Ntshz;ik r%f Mjpf;fj;jpw;Fl;gl;ljhf

fhzg;gl;lJ. 1948,y; Rje;jpukile;j fhyj;jpypUe;J 1980fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; Aj;jk;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ tiuahd NghUf;Fg; Kd;duhd jrhg;j fhyg;gFjpapy; tlkhfhzj;jpd;

murpay; nghUshjhuk; fzprkhdsT khw;wq;fisf; fle;J te;jpUf;fpwJ.

1960fspy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Fbj;njhif mOj;jk; mjpfhpj;jikapd; fhuzkhf td;dpg;

ngUepyg;gug;gpd; rdj;njhifahdJ tuz;l gpuNjr Ntshz;ik mgptpUj;jpf;fhd

nfhs;iffspdhy; Njhw;wk; ngw;w FbakHj;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; mjpfhpj;jJ. ,J ePHg;ghrd

jpl;lq;fspd; Nkyjpf tpUj;jpf;F toptFj;jJld; ney; cw;gj;jpAk; mjpfhpj;jJ. njd;gFjpapy;

fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; Vw;gl;l ,d td;Kiwapdhy; ,lk;ngaHe;j kiyaf jkpoHfs; td;dpf;F

kPsf;FbakHe;jdH. Kf;fpakhf> ,t;tplk;ngaHe;j Fbj;njhifapdH fhzpfs; mw;wtHfshfTk;

gz;iz njhopyhsHfshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH. Fiwe;jstpyhd fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fspd; fhuzkhf td;dp khtl;lq;fs; njhlHe;Jk; mgptpUj;jpailahj epiyapy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

tlkhfhzj;jpd; rdj;njhifapy; mjpfsthNdhH tho;fpd;w aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,wf;Fkjpg;

gjpyPl;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; rpWclik Ntshz;ikahsHfspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rpd;d

ntq;fhak;> kpsfha; Nghd;w fhRg; gapHfspd; mjpfhpj;j gapHr;nra;if kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;

Vw;Wkjp Nghf;fpyhd kPd; cw;gj;jp vd;gd Ntshz;ikapd; nropg;gpw;F toptFj;jd. 1960 fs;

kw;Wk; 1970fspy; Vw;gl;l ,k;Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ aho;g;ghzj;jpd; fpuhkpa jho;e;j> eLj;ju

tFg;gpdUf;fhd rpnke;J tPLfs;> EfHNthH kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpahsH $l;Lwtpidg; gyg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; jPgfw;gj;jpd; rpwpa efuq;fspd; efu mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w r%f

Kd;Ndw;w eltbf;iffspy; gpujpgypj;jJ. rPnke;J> cg;G kw;Wk; ,urhad cw;gj;jpfis

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;> mr;RNtyp ifj;njhopy; Ngl;il Nghd;w

murhq;fj;jpdhy; tsHj;njLf;fg;gl;l rpwpa ifj;njhopy;fs;> $l;Lwtpdhy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l

Gilitf; ifj;njhopy; vd;gd aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l njhopyhsH jsj;Jld; rpW

ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F toptFj;jd. flYzT> fhRg; gapHfs; kw;Wk;

Gilitfs; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;J> aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J nfhOk;gpw;fhd kw;Wk; Njrpa

tHj;jf epiyaq;fspid ,izf;fpd;w tPjp kw;Wk; Gifapuj Nritfspdhy;

trjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

12

NghH jrhg;jq;fs;

NghUf;F Kd;duhd cldLj;j fhyg;gFjpapy;> tlgFjp jiyrpwe;j fy;tpapay; epWtdq;fs;>

RgPl;rk; epiwe;j njhopy;rhHepGzj;Jt tHf;fj;jpdH> nropg;ghd Ntshz;ikg; nghUshjhuk;

kw;Wk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; Jiw Nghd;w jd;ikfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. NghH epiyik

mjpfhpj;jikapd; fhuzkhf ,j;jifa r%f nghUshjhu cj;Ntfj;jpw;F ,ilA+W

tpistpf;fg;gl;lJld; ,isQHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;rhHepGzH ty;YeH tHf;fq;fs; Nkw;Fyf

ehLfspw;F ntspNawpdH. ,Wjpahf> ngUthhpahd ntspNaw;wk; kw;Wk; cs;sf ,lg;ngaHTfs;

vd;gd tlf;fpy; rdj;njhif fzprkhdsT Fiwtiltjw;F toptFj;jd.

,lg;ngaHT kw;Wk; NghHf;fhyf; fl;Lg;ghLfspdhy; Ntshz;ik> kPd;gpb kw;Wk; rpwpa

ifj;njhopy;fs; vd;gd KOikahf rPHFiye;jd. Fiwe;jstpyhd cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; jpul;rp

vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf Gjpa cw;gj;jp trjpfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Nfh my;yJ

juKaHj;Jtjw;Nfh rpwpastpyhd %yjdNk fhzg;gl;lJ. V9 gpujhd tPjp %lg;gl;l gpd;dH

cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;Lr; re;ij ,izg;Gf;fs; Kw;whfj; Jz;bf;fg;gl;lJld; mj;jpahtrpag;

nghUl;fs; cs;ehl;L tpw;gidf;F my;yJ Ragad;ghl;bw;fhf kl;LNk cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.

rpWtHfs;> ,isQHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;GhpNthuJ fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy;fs; gy

jiyKiwfshfj; jpUk;gj;jpUk;g rPHFiyf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk;> xU rpyNu fy;tpkhd;fshf>

KfhikahsHfshf> mLj;j jiyKiwapdiu topelj;jf;$batHfshf ,Ue;jikahdJ

jiyKiwfspilNa ,ilntspapid cUthf;fpaJ.

NghUf;Fg; gpd;dH ,d;W tiuahd fhyk;

Kg;gJ tUl Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH> moptile;j my;yJ mgptpUj;jpailahj cl;fl;likg;G>

moptile;J Nghd r%f epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjtsq;fs; Nghd;w epajpfspy; r%f

nghUshjhu rthy;fs; kpff; fbdkhditahff; fhzg;gl;lJld; ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfSld;

xg;gpLifapy; gpd;dile;Jk; fhzg;gl;ld. NghH Kbtile;jTld;> ed;F Kd;Ndw;wq;fz;l

cw;gj;jpfSld; $ba gue;j re;ijia milAk; tpjj;jpy; tPjp ,izg;Gf;fs; kPs

jpwf;fg;gl;likahy; cs;@H cw;gj;jpfs; re;ijr; rf;jpfspd; mjpHTfspw;Fs;shfpd.

,jdbg;gilapy;> cl;fl;likg;gpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd kPs;fl;Lkhd cghak;>

nfhLfld; tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; fld;fspdhy; epjpaPl;lk; nra;ag;gl;l tho;thjhu kw;Wk;

Ranjhopiyf; fl;bnaOg;gpaik vd;gtw;wpdhy; NghhpypUe;J gbg;gbahf kPz;LtUk;

Fbj;njhif jq;fsJ kpff; Fiwthd nrhj;Jf;fspy; jq;fpapUf;f Kbahjepiy Vw;gl;L ,J

,Wjpapy; gue;jstpyhd fld; neUf;fb kw;Wk; fpuhkpa nghUshjhu neUf;fbf;F toptFj;jJ.

13

xNu ghHitapy; tlkhfhz Gs;sptpguq;fs;2

1 tWik vz;zpf;if Rl;nlz;> tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; thOk; rdj;njhifapd; rjtPjkhf tiutpyf;fzk;

nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

2 tplaq;fs; 1 – 4 [tPl;lyFfs; kw;Wk; tUkhd nrytpd mstPL (2016)]; tplak; 5 [,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fp Mz;lwpf;if 2017]

Fwpfhl;bfs; tlkhfhzk; Njrpa

1 Fbj;njhif 1>090>000 20>660>00

2 tPl;Lj;Jiw 268>000 5>437>000

3 ruhrhp tUkhdk; (&.) 34>500 43>511

4 tWik vz;zpf;ifr; Rl;nlz;1 7.7 4.1

5 2016 nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp gq;fspg;G (kpy;ypad; &.) 497>950 11>906>752

14

4. NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd kPs;fl;Lkhdf; nfhs;iffSk; mtw;wpd; rthy;fSk;

fhyq;fle;j njhopy;El;g gad;ghL> gpd;jq;fpa cw;gj;jpahf;fk; kw;Wk; jho;e;j nghUshjhuj;

jsk; vd;gd NghH Kbtpy; tlf;Fg; nghUshjhuj;jpid jw;NghJ epyTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l>

eypTw;wepiyf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;wd. kPl;rp> kPs;fl;Lkhdk; kw;Wk; Gduikg;G vd;gd kPjhd

cldbf; ftdk; 2010 ,w;Fk; 2012 ,w;FkpilNa khfhz nghUshjhu tsHr;rp tPjj;jpid

cj;Ntfkilar; nra;jJ3. ,t;tjpfhpg;gpw;F> Ntshz;ikj;Jiw eltbf;iffspid kPs

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nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; KjyPLfs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jpd:

- cl;fl;likg;gpidj; J}z;Lk; mgptpUj;jp: Muk;gj;jpy; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd

mbj;jskhfTk; cghakhfTk; cl;fl;likg;gpd; kPs;fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F mjpf

Kf;fpaj;Jtkspf;fg;gl;lJ4.

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tho;thjhuj;jpid tYg;gLj;Jk; jpl;lq;fSf;F mur nfhilfspdhy; cjTnjhif

toq;fg;gl;lJld; fpuhkpa r%fj;jpdhpd; tUkhd cUthf;fq;fSf;fhfg; gue;j mbg;gil

mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;ifnahd;whff; Fiwe;j tl;b tPjf; fld;fs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;ld.

- mgptpUj;jpf;F toptFj;j jdpahH Jiwf;fhd thp Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fs;: cs;ehl;L>

Gyk;ngaHe;j kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lj; jdpahH Jiw KjyPLfspid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf thp

tpyf;Ffs; kw;Wk; rYiffs; toq;fg;gl;lJld; mj;jpahtrpa cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk;

tpahghu el;Gwthd #oy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH tlf;fpy; Gjpa ifj;njhopy;fs;

kw;Wk; gzpfs; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; vdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

khfhz kl;lj;jpy;> ,j;jifa cghaq;fspd; ngWNgWfs; vjpHghHg;Gf;fspid tplf; Fiwe;j

kl;lj;jpNyNa milag;gl;ld. xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy;> 2012 ,w;Fg; gpd;dH khfhz tsHr;rp tPjk;

nkJtile;jJ5. 2017Mk; Mz;by;> ehl;bd; ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikfspy; tlkhfhzk;

3 2012,y; tlkhfhzk; 25.9 rjtPjk; khfhz hPjpahd nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp tsHr;rpapidg; gjpT nra;J>

Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F 2010,d; 3.4 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 4.0 rjtPjj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sJ tlkhfhzj;jpd; ruhrhp khfhz nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp 25.2 rjtPjkhFk;. ,J 2010 njhlf;fk; 2012 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; Njrpa ruhrhp tPjkhd 16.2 ,id tplTk; caHthdjhFk;. [epjpaikr;R Mz;lwpf;if 2013]

4 2009 njhlf;fk; 2013 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; tlkhfhzj;jpy; neLQ;rhiyfs;> Gifapujg;ghijfs;> ePHtoq;fy;> ePHg;ghrdk;> tPlikg;G> itj;jparhiyfs;> ghlrhiy trjpfs; kw;Wk; epHthff; fl;llq;fs; vd;gtw;iw kPs;fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf &.221 gpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lnkhd;W nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J 2011,y; tlkhfhz nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp &.243 gpy;ypadhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. [epjpaikr;R Mz;lwpf;if 2013; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f

Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp]

5 2016,y; Njrpa nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpf;F tlkhfhz nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; gq;fspg;G 4.2 rjtPjkhFk;. 2012 ,w;Fg; gpd;duhd mjpfhpg;Gf;fs; gpujhdkhf fl;Lkhdf; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; tHj;jfk; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nghd;w NritfspypUe;J fpilj;jd [,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017:

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp].

15

Mff; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifiaf; nfhz;bUe;jJld;6 KjyPl;Lr; rigapy; 23

Kaw;rpahz;ikfs; gjpTnra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. ,jpy; xd;W kl;LNk Gyk;ngaH

epjpaPl;lj;jpdhyhdJ. tlkhfhz ifj;njhopy; Jiw Njrpa ruhrhpapYk; ghHf;f

kpff;Fiwthd kl;lq;fspNyNa njhlHe;Jk; tphptile;J nry;fpd;wJld;7 njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fSk; jpUg;jpfukhd kl;lq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy8. ,J Aj;jj;jpdhy;

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jw;nfhiy Kaw;rpfs; cs;slq;fyhf fld; neUf;fb epiy tpiuthf tsHr;rpaile;jJ.

td;dp khtl;lq;fspd; rpWtHfspd; MNuhf;fpa epiy Nkhrkile;J Mgj;jhd tPjq;fspw;Fj;

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fPo; epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ11.

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Nghjpastpy; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;gjidNa mit Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

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tUfpwJ. Nghl;bj;jd;ikapidf; nfhz;buhj mj;jifa tlkhfhz cw;gj;jpahsHfs;

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nghUshjhu hPjpahd el;lj;ij vjpHnfhz;ldH. rpwpa cw;gj;jpahsHfspd; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;

kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjw;F Kiwapay; rhHe;j KjyPl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;Jld;

,ize;j gpuNjrj;jpd; fhytiuaiwf;Fl;gl;l mur cj;juthjkspf;fg;gl;l ghJfhg;gpw;fhd

6 NkYk;> ehL KOtjpYKs;s 5>332 ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikfspy; 34 (0.6 rjtPjk;) kl;LNk tlf;fpy;

mike;Js;sJ [,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp Mz;lwpf;if 2017].

7 2011 kw;Wk; 2015 ,w;fpilapy; tl khfhz nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpf;fhd ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; rjtPjg; gq;fspg;G mjpfhpg;G 42 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J> 63 rjtPj Njrpa Gs;sptpguj;ij tplTk; ed;F FiwthFk;. [,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017 : ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp].

8 2011 – 2016 fhyg;gFjpapy; tlf;fpy; njhopykHj;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapyhd khw;wk; 54>096 MFk;. ,J mf;fhyg;gFjpapd; 15 rjtPj mjpfhpg;ghFk;; 2016,y; 24>000 kf;fs; njhopy; NjLthHfs; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. [njhopw;gil kjpg;gPL> Mz;lwpf;iffs; 2011 kw;Wk; 2016].

9 khjhe;j tUkhd ruhrhp KiwNa &.25>562 kw;Wk; &.27>050 MFk;. [tPl;lyFfs; kw;Wk; tUkhdr; nryT

kjpg;gPL (2016)]

10 rpWtH Cl;lr;rj;J Fiwghl;bd; epajpfspy;> fpspnehr;rp khtl;lk; mjp$ba Nghjpa epiwapd;ik

tpfpjj;ijAk; (34.9 rjtPjk;) ,Uk;Gr; rj;Jf; Fiwghl;ilAk; (12.9 rjtPjk;) gjpT nra;Js;sJ. [czTg;

ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J> Njrpa cgha kPsha;T> cyf czTj; jpl;lk; (2017)]

11 2016,d; 36 rjtPjk; Njrpa ruhrhpf;F khwhf ngz;fs; njhopw;gilg; gq;Nfw;G 25 rjtPjkhf

mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. [njhopw;gil kjpg;gPl;L Mz;lwpf;if 2016]

16

XH fl;lhaf; fhuzp ,jw;F Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whFk;. Mdhy; mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfs; xd;wpy;

,f;FOtpdiug; Gwf;fzpj;Js;sd my;yJ mtHfspd; epiykhw;Wf; fhyj; NjitfSf;Fg;

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Vw;gLj;jpAs;s epiyapy;> ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;Fk; tsHr;rpf;fhd nghUshjhuj;jpd; ePz;lfhy

fl;likg;G kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp ,aysT vd;gtw;wpy; kpf ,d;wpikahj khw;wq;fs;

milag;gltpy;iy.

,uz;lhtjhf> cjtp toq;FeHfs; xUgb Nkyhf njhpT nra;ag;gl;l ifj;njhopy;fspy;

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ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy. Aj;jk; fhuzkhf gz tbtpyhd %yjdk;> njhopy;El;gk; ,y;yhJ

NghdJld; fy;tpkhd;fs; kw;Wk; NjHr;rpAila njhopw;gilapd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;Fk; mJ

fhuzkhfpaJ. %yjd nrwpTkpf;f ,ae;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F rpwpa

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MNyhrid toq;fy; vd;gd %yk; gy jiyKiw ,ilntspfis epug;GtJ jw;NghJs;s

mj;jifa njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd Njitnahd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf &.210

kpy;ypad; nrytpy; 2013 ,y; mr;RNtypapy; ifj;njhopy; Ngl;il 16 eLj;justpyhd

ifj;njhopy;fisf; ftUk; Nehf;fpy; mikf;fg;gl;likiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. 2018 A+iy

Kbtpy;> mq;F kpfTk; Fiwe;jstpyhd ifj;njhopy;fNs fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;Ws;

mNefkhdit gFjpastpNyNa ,aq;Ffpd;wd.

%d;whtjhf> ,t;tgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; midj;Jk; r%f hPjpahfg; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba

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kf;fSf;fhfNt eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; thOk; 80 rjtPjkhd

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nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy. Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; fhzpfsw;w

epiyapYs;sdH. mj;Jld; eyptile;j epiyapYs;s r%f tiyaikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

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fld;fspd; nghUj;jkw;w gq;fPL tPl;lyFj; Jiw epjpfs; ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba

12 cjhuzkhf> aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 50 rjtPjkhd tPl;lyFfs; Ntshz;ik tho;thjhuj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;s NghjpYk;

2010 njhlf;fk; 2016 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; aho; khtl;l nrayfk; mjDila nghJ KjyPl;by; 2.4 rjtPjk; kl;LNk Ntshz;ikj; Jiwapy; nrytplg;gl;Ls;sjhf kjpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. [aho; khtl;l Ie;jhz;L

mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk; (2018)]

17

jd;ikf;F toptFj;jd. Ez;ghfepjp tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; Fj;jif eltbf;iffs; cs;@H

kPs;KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf fpuhkpa tUkhdq;fis cwpQ;rpf; nfhz;ld.

,Wjpahf> tlf;fpw;fhd NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fspy; mNefkhdit

vjpHtpidahditfshfTk; rpWrpW mstpdjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu

njhiyNehf;F ,y;yhky; tbtikf;fg;gl;l \jpl;l mbg;gilapyhd| mgptpUj;jp> jtwhd

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mwptpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mj;jifa khjphpf;F mtrpakhdjhFk;.

18

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19

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vd;w thjk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

20

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;

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21

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Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ciladthFk;.

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njhopyhsHfSf;fhd rpwe;j tUkhdk; vd;gdtw;iw ,ayr; nra;tjw;F jpwd;tha;e;j

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;rhHepGzj;Jt tpahghuk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nritj;Jiw

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kdpjtsj;jpd; Fwpg;ghf ,isNahhpd; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F njhlHr;rpahd KjyPL

,lk;ngwNtz;Lk. ,jw;Fr; rkhe;jukhf> mLj;j jrhg;j fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhuf; fl;likg;G

22

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xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rpapy;yhtpbd; Gyk;ngaHjy; khjphpapd;13 jw;Nghija mjpfhpj;j Nghf;F

njhlUk;.


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kw;Wk; ghhpasthd ,aw;ifahf tsHe;j gidkuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwf;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

cw;gj;jpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsq;fspd; mstpid mjpfhpj;jy;

mNjNghd;W myFf;fhd cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwidAk; Nkk;gLj;jy; vd;gd

nghUshjhu ntspaPL kw;Wk; tsHr;rpapid mjpfhpg;gjpy; gq;fspf;fKbAk;14.

td;dpg;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;> ghuhjPdg;gLj;jYf;F NkYk; fzprkhdstpw;F mur epyq;fs;

cs;sJld; ngWkjp NrHf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fspd; rpwpa mstpyhd tpahghukag;gLj;jg;gl;l

cw;gj;jpfspd; %yg;nghUshf gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba gad;gLj;jg;glhj gidtsq;fs;

fl;Lg;ghlw;w mstpy; cs;sd. aho;g;ghzf;FlhehL Nghd;w ,aw;if tsq;fSk; epyq;fSk;

Fiwthff; fpilf;ff;$ba gFjpfSf;F nrhl;LePHg;ghrdk; %ykhd cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;

mjpfhpg;G Nghd;w Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;JtjDhlf tpidj;jpwDld;

ePiug;gad;gLj;jiy mjpfhpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mWtilf;Fg;gpd;duhd ,og;Gf;fisf;

Fiwg;gjw;fhd nraw;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; midj;J Ntshz;ik Jiz

cw;gj;jpj; JiwfspYk; nghUshjhu ed;ikapid cUthf;fKbAk;.

cw;gj;jpf;fhuzpfis cj;jk mstpy; xd;wpizj;jy;

tlf;fpYs;s cw;gj;jpf; fhuzpfis eLj;ju fhyj;jpypUe;J ePz;l fhyg;gFjpapy;

tsHr;rpapy; epue;ju mjpfhpg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba tpjj;jpy;> ,f;fhuzpr; re;ijfspy;

mikg;gpay; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tpjj;jpy; xd;Wjpul;b xOq;fikg;Gr; nra;tjw;F

Kd;Dhpikaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. KjyPl;bid cj;jkkhf;Fjy;> mjpfhpj;j Muk;gk; kw;Wk;

ngWkjp NrHg;gpy; khrw;w Row;rpfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. gpd;ida ngWkjpNrHj;jyhdJ Muk;g

cw;gj;jpfspd; Nfs;tpia mjpfhpg;gJld; tUkhd kl;lq;fspyhd mjpfhpg;gpidAk;

13 2011 – 2016 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; tlkhfhzj;jpypUe;J ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;gpw;fhd

ntspNaw;wj;jpy; 50 rjtPj mjpfhpg;G mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lJld; 2014,d; mjpAaH vz;zpf;ifahd 12>642 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ [,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017 : ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp].

14 2011- 2015 tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; mjpfhpg;gpd; njhlHr;rpahd gw;whf;Fiwia

ep&gpf;Fk; tifapy;; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpf;fhd Ntshz;ikj;Jiwapd; gq;fspg;G &.47>477 – 59>911

kpy;ypaDf;fpilapy; fhzg;gl;lJ [,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017 : ,yq;if

kj;jpa tq;fp].

23

cUthf;Fk;. mjpfhpj;j tUkhdk; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G xNu Neuj;jpy; nghUl;fs;

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24

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tpsq;fpa rpWNtshz;ikahsHfSk; kPdtHfSk; njhif tbtpyhd cs;sPLfspd;

nfhs;tdT> Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; fld;fs;> re;ijg;gLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf tpidj;jpwid

vjpHghHj;jpUg;gJld;> Ruz;ly;fSf;F topaikj;Jtpl;L jw;nghOJ ngUkstpw;F

jdpj;jdpahfNt njhopw;gLfpd;wdH. cw;gj;jpia xOq;fikg;gjw;Fk; Nguk; NgRk; jpwid

mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; cw;gj;jpahsHfs;> CopaHfs;> epWtdq;fspd; mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

tiyg;gpd;dy;fis kPscj;Ntfg;gLj;JtJld; gyg;gLj;JtJ kpf mtrpakhd xd;whf

cs;sJ. NkYk;> cWjpahd epWtd hPjpahd mikg;G> re;ijfis cUthf;fy; kw;Wk;

gu];guk; ed;ikaspf;ff;$bajhd mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfs; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd xU mur -

jdpahH Ngr;RthHj;ijia ,aYikg;gLj;Jk;.

epahakhd topKiwfspyhd re;ij KiwikAk; re;ijapid mZFtJk; tpahghuj;ij

trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kf;fpa ,izg;Gf;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. tlf;F nghUshjhukhdJ

mz;ikf;fhykhfNt ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfSf;F jpwe;Jtplg;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; tlf;F

cw;gj;jpahsHfspd; re;ijf; Nfs;tpf;Fg; gjpypWj;Jk; tifapyhd cw;gj;jpiaj; jpl;lkplTk;

kpif cw;gj;jpia epahakhd tpiyfspy; tpw;gid nra;aTk; ,aYkhd epiyia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Njitahd njhlHGfs;> cl;fl;likg;G> Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;>

jfty;fs; kw;Wk; tiyaikg;Gfs; NghJkhditahff; fhzg;gltpy;iy. tlf;fpy; rpwpa

cw;gj;jpahsHfs; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JtjdhYk; Fiwe;jstpyhd cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk; fhyk;

25

fle;j njhopEl;gj;jpid gad;gLj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf nkhj;j ,yhgk; Fiwthf

cs;sjhYk; “epahaj;jd;ik” vd;w gpur;rid tlf;fpw;F Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whf cs;sJ.

re;ij Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mjd; nry;newpg; gFg;gha;tpd; fpilg;gdT> re;ij ,izg;Gf;fspd;

mgptpUj;jp> cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;by; tjpAk; ,yq;ifaHfs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp

re;ijfSf;fpilapyhd tpahghu njhlHGfs; vd;gd tlf;fpd; vjpHfhy cw;gj;jpapy;

Vw;glf;$ba mjpfhpg;gpy; fzprkhd gq;fpid <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

re;ijapid trjpg;gLj;Jk; fhj;jpukhd topapidf; fz;lwpAk; tpjj;jpy; tlf;fpYs;s re;ij

,izg;Gf;fis njw;fpYs;s ngWkjpr; rq;fpypfSld; ,izg;gJ mtru NjitahfTs;sJ.

J}z; 3 : r%f mbj;jsq;fspd; mgptpUj;jp

tlkhfhzj;jpw;fhd ve;jnthU nghUshjhu tsHr;rp cghaj;jpdJk; ntw;wpahdJ mq;F

trpf;Fk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj;juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhNyNa jPHkhdpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

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mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpfspD}lhf Ngrg;glhj tplaq;fs; kw;Wk; Nghhpdhy; cUthd r%f

hPjpahd ghjpg;Gfs; vd;gd mfw;wg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

tlf;fpd; nghUshjhu tsHr;rp fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;ba gykhd r%f mbj;jsj;jpid

,Ltjw;F> kf;fspd; MNuhf;fpaj;ij jPHkhdpf;Fk; “r%f fhuzpfshd gpwg;G> tsHr;rp>

tho;f;if> Ntiy nra;jy; kw;Wk; taJ vd;gdtw;Wf;fhd #oypid” Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

eltbf;iffis fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;. me;j mZFKiwahdJ Ntiytha;g;G

cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; tUkhd mjpfhpg;gpy; cztpd; juk;> fy;tp kw;Wk; jpwd;fs;> tPlikg;G>

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mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. tlf;fpidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ehd;F mk;rq;fshd czT kw;Wk;

Cl;lr;rj;J; Gfyplk;> ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;; MNuhf;fpa Nritfs;; kw;Wk; fy;tp Mfpad

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

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miljy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. KjyPlhdJ> twpa FLk;gq;fSf;F fhR

kw;Wk; gz;l tifapy; jkJ Cl;lr;rj;Jj; Njitiag; g+Hj;jpnra;tjw;F Vw;wtpjj;jpy;

gy;NtWgl;l tUkhd tiffis milAk; trjpia cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; mur jpl;lq;fspid mtw;wpd; jd;ikapy; KOikahditahfTk;

rkj;Jtj;ij mjhtJ xt;nthU jdpg;gl;l tPl;lyFfspdJk; Njit kw;Wk; ,aystpid

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lk; mKy;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J> gpd;jq;fpatHfs; vdf; fUjg;gl;l

tPl;lyFfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l ifNaLfspdbg;gilapy; gq;fPl;Lj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd

gadhspfisj; njhpT nra;Ak; nghJthd eilKiwf;F khwhdjhFk;. ,j;jifa tWik

epiyapYs;stHfSf;Fj; jkJ Njitfis g+Hj;jpnra;tjw;F Njitahd tsq;fs;

fpilg;gditAk; mit chpa Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld vd;gijAk;

cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba tpjj;jpy; $bastpyhd cjtpfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd.

26

tPlikg;G> ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;: tl khfhzj;jpy; Vwj;jhs 10 rjtPjkhNdhH g+uzkhf

epykw;wtHfshfTk;15 $yp Ntiyapy; jq;fpapUg;gjdhYk; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; kpfTk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfshfTk; cs;sdH. eilKiwapYs;s mur kPs;FbNaw;w jpl;lq;fs;

Njitiag; g+Hj;jp nra;tjw;Fhpa ,aYikiaf; nfhz;buhjJld; mtw;wpd; tbtikg;gpd;gb>

tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpw;F jFjpngWtjw;Fhpa Fiwe;jgl;r jifikj; Njitahd nrhe;j

epyj;jpidf;nfhz;buhj jd;ikapdbg;gilapyhd epykw;Nwhiu mJ cs;slf;ftpy;iy.

aho;g;ghzj;jpy;16 rkkw;w tpjj;jpy; mjpfstpy; ,lk;ngWk; nghJthf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

Neha;fspd; jhf;fkhdJ> tlkhfhzj;jpDs; kf;fis MNuhf;fpakhdtHfshf NgZtjw;F

Nkk;gl;l ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nritfspy; KjyPL nra;tjd; mtru Njitia

Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd jPHthdJ tuz;l tya fhyepiy> fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd;

jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; ngUksthd fpuhkpa kf;fSf;fhf nrytplf;$ba msT vd;gdtw;iw

ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L ftdkhf tbtikf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

MNuhf;fpaKk; r%f ftdpg;Gr; NritfSk;: Nghhpdhy; fLikahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%ff;

FOf;fSf;fhd MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; r%ff; ftdpg;Gr; Nritfs; jw;NghJ NghJkhditahf

,y;iy. jhjpaH kw;Wk; kUj;Jt mYtyH gjtpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; mjpfsthd

gjtp ntw;wplq;fspd; fhuzkhf mjd; ,aYikf;Ff; fPNo njhopw;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

epiyikia tlf;fpd; Nritfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; kw;Wk; kdey

MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;Fhpa NjitfSilNahhpw;fhd csts Mw;Wg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; nraw;ghL

kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpakhd tho;T vd;gtw;wpw;F toptFf;ff;$ba r%f hPjpahd xj;Jiog;Gg;

Nghd;w Nkk;gl;l kw;Wk; capNuhl;lkhd Nritfs; mtrpakhf cs;sd. ,wg;G kw;Wk;

njhlH;r;rpahd Gyk;ngaHT Mfpadtw;wpd; fhuzkhf KjpNahH rdj;njhif njhlHghd

Njrpag; Nghf;fhdJ tlf;fpy; mjpfk; Kidg;Gg;ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ngwf;$ba kw;Wk;

jhq;ff;$ba jd;ikapidf; nfhz;l #o;epiyapy; gzpfis toq;Fk; khjphp njhlHgpy;

kPs;rpe;jid mtrpakhfTs;sJ.

fy;tp : tlkhfhzj;jpd;17 khztHfspd; jw;Nghija kpff; Fiwe;jsthd ghlrhiy tUif

kw;Wk; milTkl;lkhdJ> Nghhpd; tpisthf jrhg;jfhykhf fy;tpr;Nritapy; Vw;gl;l

jilfs; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sg;gl;lhYk; $l mJ tlf;fpYs;s FLk;gq;fshy;

Kfq;nfhLf;fg;gLk; tWik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;jpd; milahskhTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

tlf;fpd; caHe;jstpy; fhzg;gLk; ghlrhiy ,iltpyfiy kjpaNtis ghlrhiy czT

kw;Wk; Vida Cl;lr;rj;Jj; jpl;lq;fspd; tphpthf;fk; %yk; Fiwf;fKbAk;. td;dp

15 khtl;l nrayfq;fs; kw;Wk; khfhz rigapypUe;J 2018 Xfj;jpYs;sthwhd juTfs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.

16 2017,y; aho;g;ghz khtl;lk; kl;Lk;; tapw;WisT kw;Wk; ijnghapl; fha;r;ry; Njrpa kl;lj;jpd; 20 rjtPjk;

kw;Wk; 34 rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$wpaJ [thuhe;j njhw;WNehapay; mwpf;if> VL:44> ,y. 52> njhw;WNehapay;

myF> Rfhjhu mikr;R].

17 Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp khtl;lq;fs; ehl;by;> KiwNa 84 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 85 rjtPjk; vd;w

Mff;Fiwe;j fy;tpawpT tPjj;jpid mwpf;ifapl;Ls;sd [njhopw;gil kjpg;gPL Mz;lwpf;if 2016].

27

khtl;lq;fspy; tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy MrphpaHfis mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; Fwpg;ghf

vjpHfhyj;jpy; Ntiytha;g;Gj;jpwDf;Fg; gq;fspf;fKbAk;.

gzk;> rf;jp kw;Wk; tsq;fspid epahakhd Kiwapy; gq;fPL nra;tJ gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F

cs;Ns fhzg;gLk; r%f hPjpapy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; jd;ikfis khw;wpaikf;Fk;.

tWikf;Nfhl;bw;F fPOk;> rpwpJ NkYk; tho;fpd;w r%fq;fs; fy;tpawptpd;wp>

czTg;ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghd Ntiytha;g;Gg; gpur;rpidfis ehshe;jk;

vjpHnfhs;Sk; epiyapy; mtHfshy; mgptpUj;jpf;F gq;fspg;G nra;aKbahJ.

,g;gpd;dzpapy;> tPl;Lj;Jiwapd; kPnsOr;rpiag; gyg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpak;> fy;tp>

r%feyd; Nghd;w rpwg;ghf epjpaspf;fg;gl;l Nritfs; midj;ijAk; toq;Fjy; Nghd;wd

%ykhf nghUshjhu tsHr;rp Kaw;rpfNshL $lNt tlf;fpd; r%f mgptpUj;jpf;fhd

flg;ghl;bidAk; murhq;fk; NgZjy; Ntz;Lk;.

gq;fPL kw;Wk; jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$bajd;ik vd;gdtw;Wld; tsHr;rpf;fhf Kd;nkhopag;gl;l

cghaq;fs;

NkNyAs;s Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu gFg;gha;thdJ> tlkhfhzj;jpd; %yjdk;> njhopyhsH>

epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsq;fisg;gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jpapid mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; Ntiy

tha;g;gpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;Dhpikaspg;gJ kWf;fg;glKbahj xd;W vd;W

ghpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> ,Wjpahf ,jid vt;thW miltJ vd;gJ rkkhd

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhfTs;sJ. ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;Fk; cghakhdJ Vw;fdNtAs;s rpwpa

cw;gj;jpahsHfs; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nghUshjhuj;jpd;

cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpahf;fj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjpYk;; njhopw;gilf;F

ntspNaAs;stHfSf;Fg; GjpaJk; ghJfhg;ghdJkhd Ntiy tha;g;gpid toq;FtjpYk;

KjyPLfisr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l gpukhzj;jpid milaj;jtwpa caH

tsHr;rp cghaq;fs; Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpd; ghjpg;Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F

kPsTk; jtwptpLk;.

njhpT nra;ag;gl;l tsHr;rp cghakhdJ r%f nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghL kw;Wk;

jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$ba jpwd; vd;gtw;iw toq;Ftjw;fhd gue;jstpyhd tsHr;rpapd;

ngWNgWfis midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; gfpHe;jspf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nghhpdhy; Vw;gl;l r%f

ghjpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Vw;wj;jho;Tfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w mNjNtis Vw;fdNtAs;s

nghUshjhu jsj;jpid khw;wpaikg;gJ vd;w ,ul;il ,yf;FfisAk; mile;Jnfhs;Sk;

tifapy; mgptpUj;jpahdJ nkJthdjhfTk;> mbg;gilapy; Fiwe;j

,lHNeHTiladthfTk; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

28

mj;jifa xU gue;j jsj;jpid cila mgptpUj;jp khjphpapd; gz;Gfshf:

cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Nkk;ghl;Lr; nrad;Kiwia Muk;gpg;gjw;F> Vw;fdNtAs;s kw;Wk;

Gjpa rpwpastpyhd cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fspy; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy;

%yjdj;ij KjyPL nra;jy;.

rhj;jpakhdstpw;F mjpfsthd kf;fs; ghJfhg;ghdJk; cWjpahdJkhd fpukkhd

njhopy; nrwpTkpf;f tof;fkhd Ntiy tha;g;Gfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf

,Uj;jy;.

epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsq;fis gue;jstpy; gad;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; Kf;fpakhf

Ntshz;ikf;F Kd;Dhpikaspg;gjhf ,Uj;jy;.

ghhpasthd ,lHNeHTfis vjpHNehf;ff;$batHfSf;Fk;> Vw;Wkjp cl;gl;l

causthd ngWkjp re;ijapDs; Eioaf;$ba eLj;jufhy Kaw;rpahsHfSf;Fk;

Mjutspj;jy;

gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; ghypd NtWghLfs; Fiwf;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;

khfhzk; KOtjpYk; NtWgl;l kf;fs; FOf;fspilNaAk; gfpHe;jspg;Gf;fis

Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

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mjpfsthd jhq;Fjpwd; nfhz;l nghUshjhu mbj;jsj;jpid cUthf;ff;$ba Vw;Wkjpia

Cf;Ftpf;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy; rpy KjyPLfSld; $bajhd nkJthdJk; gue;j jsj;jpid

cilaJkhd tsHr;rpapid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l ,UKid cghak; xd;wpid Kiwahd

tpjj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

tiuglk; 2: tlkhfhzj;jpw;fhd Kd;nkhopag;gl;l nghUshjhu tsHr;rp cj;Ntfk;

cs;@H tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpa ngUksthd mgptpUj;jpr;nryTfs; kw;Wk; Kaw;rpfs; mtw;wpd; ngWNgWfspy; nkJthditahfTk;> gue;jstpy; gq;fPL nra;ag;gl;ldthfTk; mjpfsthd ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba tsHr;rpiaf; nfhz;ldthfTKs;sd

mjpfsthd ,lHNeHTld; $ba causthd tsHr;rpapyhd Vw;Wkjpfs; Nghd;w mjpfsT rpf;fy; tha;e;j ngWkjpr;rq;fpypapy; ,iztjw;F rpy cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd

fhyk;

tl khfhz nkhj;j cs; ehl;L cw; gj;jp

rpwpa cw;gj;jpahsHfs; kw;Wk; tPl;lyFfspy; nghUshjhu jsj;jpid gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fhpa tsHr;rp

29

6. tlf;fpd; gpujhd rthy;fs;

tlf;fpd; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;F fhzg;gLk; jw;Nghija kw;Wk;

vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhd neUf;fbahd rthy;fs;> tsq;fis xd;Wjpul;ly; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpr;

nrad;Kiwiag; gyg;gLj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw ikag;gLj;jp fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jiyikj;Jtk;

tlf;fpd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd xU njspthd njhiyNehf;Fk; mjid

Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd cWjpahd cs;@H jiyikj;JtKk; vkJ mtru Njitahf

cs;sd. NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd vr;rq;fshff; fhzg;gLk; cjtpfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; jd;ik>

,ytrq;fspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; fyhr;rhuk; tlf;fpy; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd ke;jepiyik

vd;gdtw;iw khw;Wtjw;F mur nghwpKiw> rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; r%fq;fs; vd;gd

khw;wj;jpw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fisg; ghHf;fTk; ek;gf;$ba tpjj;jpy; Gjpa njhiyNehf;FlDk;

newpg;gLj;jYlDk; Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fspd;

tho;f;ifapy; fhzg;gl;l nghUshjhug; gpur;ridfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlHgpy; cs;@H

jiytHfspdhy; rpwpjsT tuNtw;Ng fhl;lg;gl;lik Nkhrkhd tpisTfSf;F

toptFj;jJld; ,J gw;wp NghJkhd gjpypWg;Gf;fSk; ,Jtiu mtjhdpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

,j;jifa rf;jptha;e;j gpujpepjpfspd; tfpghfkhdJ ,d;W gue;j mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; gue;jsT rkj;Jtkhd nghUshjhu tpUj;jp kw;Wk; ngWNgWfis

toq;fj;jf;f rthy;fis Kd;ndLj;jy; vDk; Nehf;fq;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fNtz;baJ

mtrpakhFk;.

mgptpUj;jpr; nrad;KiwfSk; gq;Fgw;Wjy;fSk;

murpay; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gJ gpujhdkhfTs;s mNjNtisapy;> epHthfk; kw;Wk;

r%fq;fspd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; tfpghfKk; mjd; fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gk; tlgFjp nghUshjhuk;

Kd;Ndw;wg; ghijapy; nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

mtHfspd; eltbf;ifapy; ngUksthdit kdpjNea neUf;fbf;F gjpypWj;Jk; tifapy;

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. tlf;fpd; epHthfj;jpYs;NshH jpl;lkply;> ,izg;G kw;Wk;

eilKiwg;gLj;jy; vd;gdtw;wpid ePz;l fhy mgptpUj;jpia Nehf;fp

kPs;jpirKfg;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;. ,tw;wpw;F trjpaspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;> kj;jpa

murhq;fKk; nfhiltoq;FeHfSk; Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Fbj;njhifapdhpd; gy;NtW

Njitfs; njhlHgpYk; mit tlf;fpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glTs;s nfhs;if cUthf;fk;

kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkh vd;gjid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;

tpjj;jpy; mtHfsJ tlgFjp ,izj;jug;gpdUld; jPtpukhd MNyhrid elj;Jtjw;fhd

trjpia toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fq;fs;> $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;> Ntshz;ik mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

rdr%f ikaq;fs; Nghd;wdtw;wpw;Fg; Gj;Japuspg;gjD}lhf mgptpUj;jpapy; kf;fspd;

30

gq;Fgw;WjyhdJ gyg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fis tYg;gLj;JtjD}lhf

ngz;fs; FuiyAk; $l;L eltbf;iffisAk; Xq;fp xypf;fr; nra;tJ rpwg;Gr;

NritfSf;fhd NjitapidAk; tho;thjhu tha;g;Gf;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf

tbtikf;fg;gLtjidAk; caHj;Jk;.

gyaPdkhd mur r%f epWtdq;fSk; tiyaikg;Gk; vd;gJ r%fq;fs; cs;@uhl;rp

nrad;Kiwapy; tpidj;jpwDld; gq;Fgw;wtpy;iy vd;gjidNa Fwpf;Fk;. ,J>

njhlHr;rpahd Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;> gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;Fs;NsAk; mtw;wpw;F ,ilNaAk; fhzg;gLk;

rkkw;w mgptpUj;jpfs;> ghy;> ,dk;> rhjp vd;gtw;wpy; fhzg;gLtJld; ,J cs;@H

mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; njhlHe;Jk; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd my;yJ

NghJkhdstpy; typAWj;jg;glhky; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;wpl;lq;fspd; gq;Nfw;gpYk;

epjpaplypYk; fhzg;gLk; fl;Lg;ghLfs; r%f epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rp kd;w

mYtyHfspilNaahd mjpfhuj;jpid kPsr;rkepiyg;gLj;jTk; mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff;

nfhz;L r%fj;jpd; Nky; jl;bypUe;J fPo;kl;lk; tiu efuTk; cjTk;.

njhopw;gil tha;g;Gf;fSk; epakq;fSk;

mNdfkhf Aj;jfhyg;gFjpapy; gpwe;j ,sk; re;jjpapdUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tha;g;Gf;fspy;

Vw;gl;l Kf;fpa khw;wkhdJ ePz;l fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapid miltjw;fhd

mbg;gilahf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,r;re;jjpapdH my;yJ FOtpdH Aj;jj;jpdhy; tpfpj rkkw;w

Kiwapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. mjhtJ> Kd;dhs; Nghuhspfs;> khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs;>

ngz;jiyikj;Jtf; FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; fhzhkw; NghNdhuJ FLk;gq;fis gy

jrhg;jq;fshf Njf;fkile;jpUf;Fk; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fs; xUq;fpizg;gjpy; tpNrl ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. njhopyhsH re;ijapy; Fwpg;ghf fpuhkpa ,isQHfs; kw;Wk;

AtjpfSf;F cs;sfg; gapw;rpfs;> njhopy;rhH fy;tp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> taJ

te;NjhUf;fhd nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j gFjpNeu my;yJ KONeuf; fy;tp kw;Wk;

gapw;rpfs; kPJ KjyPLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa tha;g;Gf;fs; fpuhkpa Ntiy

NjLgtHfs; njhopy; NjLfpd;w Nkyjpf jilfis vjpHNehf;fhj tpjj;jpy; tUkhdk;

<l;lf;$baditahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. midj;J epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; ed;F

tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gl;ldthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; khfhzj;jpw;fhd

nghUshjhu cghaq;fSld; mbg;gilapy; ,izf;fg;gl;ldthfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mNjNghd;W> Nghhpdhy; moptile;j r%fj;jpd; tpNrl Njitfis fUj;jpw; nfhz;L

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd epWtdtpay; hPjpahf ,aYikapid Nkk;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G epakq;fs; fle;j jrhg;jq;fshf

Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jikapd; fhuzkhf njhopyhsH juq;fspid caHj;Jtjw;F

njhopw;rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida njhopyhsH epWtdq;fis kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd Njit

fhzg;gLfpwJ. njhopyhsH ,aystpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd kdpjts mgptpUj;jp

Njitg;gLtJld; jw;NghJ fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s njhopyhsHfisg; gad;gLj;jp njhopy;

ntw;wplq;fSld; nghUe;jr; nra;tjw;fhd tpidj;jpwdhd njhopy; gzpfSk;

31

Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd mur epWtdq;fSf;F rpwpa

cw;gj;jpahsHfs; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fspd; Gjpa njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F

Cf;fkspg;gjw;fhfTk; Gj;JUthf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; mjpf tsq;fs; toq;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa Nehf;fj;jpw;F Njrpa kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; njhopy;El;g

xj;Jiog;G nghpJk; cjtpaspf;Fk;.

fhyepiy khw;wk; kw;Wk; Vida epr;rakw;w jd;ikfs;

fhyepiy khw;wq;fSf;Fk; ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fSf;Fk; jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$ba jd;ikapidf;

fl;bnaOg;Gk; tplaj;jpy; tl khfhzk; Ntshz;ikapy; jq;fpapUg;gjidAk; mJ tuz;l

tyaj;jpy; mike;jpUg;gjidAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L nghUshjhu tsHr;rp cghaq;fspy;

mjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd; jhf;fq;fs; vjpHT$wg;gl

Kbahjdthf ,Ug;gjdhy; nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu ty;YeHfs;

fhyepiy khw;w ,lHNeHTfspid mjid vjpHghHj;J xOq;FgLj;jy; eltbf;ifj;

jpl;lq;fis xOq;fikj;Jg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. fhyepiy jfty;fisg; gug;Gtjw;fhd

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwikfs;> fhyepiyf;F jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$ba trjpfspd; mgptpUj;jp>

Fiwe;j nryTila fhg;GWjp Vw;ghLfs; cs;slq;fyhd rpwe;j eilKiw cjhuzq;fis

gue;Jgl;l gd;dhl;L tsq;fs; %yk; gapd;W nfhs;syhk;.

aho;g;ghz efu mgptpUj;jp gw;wp XusT ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;w Ntisapy;> tlf;fpYs;s

rpwpa efuq;fs; ngUkstpw;Fg; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wik Gtpapay;rhH Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; kw;Wk;

rkr;rPuw;w mgptpUj;jp vd;gdtw;Wf;F toptFf;fpd;wJ. fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuq;fs; rpwpa

efuq;fspypUe;J tpLtpf;f Kbahjit. mit fpuhkpa tPl;Lj;JiwapdH mjpfstpy;

jq;fpAs;s tUkhd cUthf;f tha;g;Gf;fspd; gy;NtW %yq;fSf;fhd ikag;Gs;spahf

mike;Js;sd. rdj;njhif Fiwtile;jikapd; fhuzkhf nghUshjhu kw;Wk; re;ij

ikaq;fshd mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; caHtile;jJ. tlf;F khfhzj;jpd; rpwpa

efuq;fspw;fhd mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;jpd; gFjpahf tPlikg;G kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp trjpfs;>

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fpilg;gdT kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp Nghd;w gzpfspw;fhf

tyaq;fshf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

32

7. JiwrhH Kd;Dhpikfs;

Ntshz;ik

rpW clikahsH Ntshz;ikj;Jiw tlf;F khfhzj;jpd; vjpHfhy nghUshjhu

tsHr;rpf;fhd XH Kf;fpa J}z;Leuhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,J gpuNjr tPl;Lj;Jiwapdhpy; Vwj;jho

60 rjtPjj;jpdH ,jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sikapD}lhf czTg; ghJfhg;gpw;F Neubahfg;

gq;fspg;gJld; fLikahd tWikf; Fiwg;gpw;Fk; cjTfpd;wJ. tlf;fpd; kpFjpahd

epyg;gug;Gld;> cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tUkhdq;fis mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; cs;@H Ntshz;ikf;

ifj;njhopy;fspd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd %yk; nghUl;fis toq;Fk; nrad;Kiw> Jizf;

ifj;njhopy;fSf;F J}z;Ljyspj;jy; kw;Wk; fpuhkpa gz;iz my;yhj nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

Nritfspw;fhd cz;ikf; Nfs;tpapid cUthf;Fjy; Nghd;w nrad;KiwfSf;Fg;

gue;jsthd tha;g;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. tsHr;rpia J}z;Ltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ntw;wpahdJ

Jiwfspd; nghUshjhu nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd; gy jug;gl;l jd;ikapidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L

jahhpf;fg;gl;l cghaf; fyitnahd;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tPl;Lj; Jiwapd; kPs; vOr;rpf;fhd Ntshz;ik czTg; ghJfhg;G Ntshz;ik:

tPl;Lj;JiwapdH> Fwpg;ghf> tho;thjhuj;jpw;fhd Ntshz;ikapy; jq;fpAs;NshH jkJ

mbg;gil czT kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;Jj; Njitfspid tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpD}lhf G+Hj;jp

nra;Jnfhs;sf;$ba jd;ikapid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtkspf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. mgptpUj;jp cghaq;fs;> tPl;Lj;JiwapdH kw;Wk; r%fj;jpdiu ikag;gLj;jpa

XH gue;Jgl;l mZFKiwapidg; gad;gLj;jp gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tUkhd %yq;fspid

,yf;fhff; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J cs;@H tpij cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ePH

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid Cf;Ftpg;gjpy; jiyaPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; cjtg;gLfpd;w

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lk;> fhy;eil tsHg;G kw;Wk; njhFjpthhpahd ed;dPH kPd;gpb

cw;gj;jpfspid Cf;Ftpg;gjid cs;slf;fyhk;. tPl;Lj;Jiw kl;lj;jpy; cw;gj;jp

nra;ag;gLk; kpif cw;gj;jpfis cs;@hpy; tpw;gjd; %yk; mjidf; $yp

tUkhdj;jpw;fhd Jizepug;gpahfg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

,yhgfukhd ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpapid mjpfhpj;jy;:

Ntshz;ik> kPd;gpb kw;Wk; fhy;eil tsHg;Gf;fspD}lhf Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfspd;

juk; kw;Wk; mstpid mjpfhpf;fyhk;. Kf;fpakhd Jiwfs; gue;jstpy; Cf;Ftpg;G

kw;Wk; nrhl;L ePHg;ghrdk; Nghd;w Fiwe;j nrytpyhd njhopy;El;gj;jpid

cs;sPHj;jy;, ruhrhpahd cw;gj;jpr; nrad;KiwapypUe;J rpwe;j eltbf;iffisg;

ngWk; tpjj;jpy; khfhz mbg;gilapyhd Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; gaphplg;gLk; epyk; kw;Wk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cs;sPl;L mynfhd;wpw;fhd cw;gj;jpfspd; msit mjpfhpj;jy; Nghd;w

nrq;Fj;jhd tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjid cs;slf;FfpwJ. ,Wjpahf> Muha;r;rp kw;Wk;

mgptpUj;jp kPjhd KjyPL> tpidj;jpwdhd tphpthf;f cjtpapD}lhd gug;Gjy; vd;gd

nghUshjhu tUtha;fspy; Vw;glf;$ba vjpHfhy mjpfhpg;gpid cWjpnra;fpd;wd.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lit Nrjd Ntshz;ikaypUe;J cf;ff;$ba nghjpaplYf;fhd

33

,yhgfukhd #oYf;fpirthd eilKiwfspidj; J}z;Ltjid gf;fgykhff;

nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba Ntshz;ikf;fhd Nguz;lg; gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk;

Mgj;Jf;fis ifahSjy;: Ntshz;ikapd; ePz;lfhy Mw;wiy cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F

mwpag;gl;l vjpHfhy ,lHfspid ifahs;tjw;F ,d;Nw eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLjy;

Ntz;Lk;. ePHg; gw;whf;Fiw mNdfkhf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhuzpahFk;. vdNt> ePiur;

Nrkpf;Fk; ,aysit tphptilar; nra;tJld; Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpapy; rpf;fdkhd ePHg;

ghtid mjpfhpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. vjpHfhy cw;gj;jpapidg; NgZtjw;F #oy;

Kiwik Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsj; jsj;jpd; ghJfhg;G vd;gd

mtrpakhditahFk;. re;ijf; Nfs;tpfspd; epiy gw;wp mwpe;jpUj;jy;> cw;gj;jpfspid

Nrfhpj;jy;> jug;gLj;jy;> ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jiy xOq;fikf;ff;$ba

xd;WNrHj;j Kiwikfspd; mgptpUj;jp Ntshz;ik tUkhdq;fis #iwahbf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd re;ij tpiyj; jsk;gy;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F tha;g;ghf

mikAk;.

ifj;njhopy;fs;

ve;jnthU mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; nghUshjhuj;jpYk;> ifj;njhopy;kakhjy;>

caHkl;lq;fspyhd nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapid miltjw;F Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whFk;. fpukkhd

khjhe;j tUkhdq;fis toq;ff;$ba ifj;njhopy;fs; Nghhpdhy; moptile;j

tlkhfhzj;jpy; mjpf Nfs;tpAila njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fspid cUthf;Fk;. ,jdbg;gilapy;>

ePz;l fhyg; Nghhpdhy; moptile;J kPz;nlOk; gpuNjrj;jpd; cw;gj;jpf;Fk; eypTw;w

njhopw;gilf;Fk; jilahf tpsq;Fk; tplaq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

ifj;njhopy; nfhs;if mtrpakhdJ18.

tlgFjp nghpastpyhd ifj;njhopy;fSf;F cfe;jjhf ,y;iy. mjpfsthd jpwd; tha;e;j

njhopw;gil FiwT kw;Wk; nkw;Nwh nghypl;ld; efuq;fspypUe;Jk; JiwKfj;jpypUe;Jk;

J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sik Nghd;w Vida fhuzq;fspdhy; Nghl;bj;jd;ik

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tlf;fpy; jrhg;jq;fshf cs;@H ifj;njhopy;fspy; gpd;diltpdhy;

fhzg;gl;l njhopyhsH tpidj;jpwdpd; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jp Nghl;bj;jd;ikia mila

KbahJ. vdNt> Ez;ghf> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;juf; ifj;njhopy;fs; cs;@H tsq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp cs;@H re;ijfSf;Fk; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijf;Fk; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ

ntw;wpaspf;ff;$bajhf mikAk;. Ez;ghf> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju Kaw;rpahz;ikfis

Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Njrpa nfhs;iffs; jw;NghJs;s tsq;fs; kw;Wk; jpwd;fspdbg;gilapy;

tlf;fpw;F xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; mE$yq;fis mspf;ff;$ba Fwpg;ghf ifj;njhopy;fs; kw;Wk;

18 2013Mk; Mz;lstpy; ehl;bYs;s nkhj;j KiwrhH ifj;njhopy; epWtdq;fspy; tl khfhzk; 1.4 rjtPjk;

vd;w kpfr; rpwpasthd gq;fpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJld; KiwrhH ifj;njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;s nkhj;j egHfspd;

vz;zpf;ifapy; 0.2 rjtPjj;jpdH njhopypy; mkHj;jg;gl;Ls;sdH [nghUshjhu njhifkjpg;gPL 2013Æ14].

34

Jiwfs; Nehf;fp KjyPLfisAk; mtw;wpd; eltbf;iffspidAk; topg;gLj;JtjD}lhf

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Fiwe;j Fbj;njhifapidAk; mj;Jld; njhopw;gil guk;gypd; jw;Nghija epiyiaAk;

fUj;jpw;nfhs;ifapy; ifj;njhopy;fs; gpuhe;jpak; KOtjpYk; gue;jstpy; mike;J fpuhkpa

Fbj;njhiff;Fg; gue;jstpy; tha;g;gspf;Fk; Vw;wj;jho;tw;w tsHr;rpf;F ,l;Lr;nry;tjhf

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. efu ikaq;fspy; ifj;njhopy; tyaq;fis cUthf;FtjpYk; ghHf;f>

ifj;njhopy; ,izg;Gf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; cl;fl;likg;gpidr; rpwe;j Kiwapy;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; jw;NghJs;s rpwpa ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpahsHfspd; nfhj;jzpapd;

Cf;Ftpg;gpw;F Gtpapay; hPjpahf jpl;lkplg;gLfpd;w ifj;njhopy;fs; cjt Ntz;Lk;. ,J

Gjpa ifj;njhopy;fisf; nfhz;LtUk;.

ngWkjp NrHf;iff;fhd Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfs;: tl khfhz nghUshjhuk;

Ntshz;ikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUg;gjdhy;> ifj;njhopy;fspd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;fhd

Muk;gkhf rpW Ntshz;ik ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd ngWkjp NrHf;iffs; mikjy;

Ntz;Lk;. gz;iz cw;gj;jpfs;> flYzT> ghy; kw;Wk; fhy;eil gjdply;;

ifj;njhopy;fspd; ghhpa mjpfhpg;G fpukkhd njhopy;tha;g;G> Muk;g

cw;gj;jpahsHfSf;fhd tUkhdk; kw;Wk; Nfs;tpapid cUthf;FfpwJ19.

,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;Nf chpj;jhd gid %yg;nghUs; mbg;gilapyhd cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk;

gy;NtW flYzT cw;gj;jpfs; Nghd;w Ntshz;ikf; ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpfs;

Vw;Wkjpf;fhd rpwe;j tha;g;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

iftpiQg;nghUl;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ifj;njhopy;fspd; tphpthf;fk;: tlgFjp

kuNtiy kw;Wk; cNyhf Ntiyfs; cs;slq;fyhf jpwd;tha;e;j iftpiQ

cw;gj;jpfSf;F tuyhw;Wg; Gfo;ngw;wJ. jw;NghJs;s jpwd;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjd;

%yk; rpwpa ifj;njhopy;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;aKbAk; vd;gJld; mjpfhpj;j cw;gj;jp

kl;lq;fspid milAk; nghUl;L nghwp kag;gLj;jiy juKaHj;jyhk;.

,f;ifj;njhopy;fspid gbg;gbahf etPdkag;gLj;JtJk; cw;gj;jpapd; mstpid

mjpfhpg;gJk; fl;Lkhdf; ij;njhopYf;fhd kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlHghd kPs;fl;Lkhd

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fk; cs;sPLfis epuk;gy; nra;tjd; %yk; mtHfs;

gad;ngWtjid ,ayr;nra;Ak;.

Gjpa jahhpg;Gj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jp: ,yj;jpudpay; nghUl;fs;> nkd; nghwpapay;

cw;gj;jpfs; Nghd;w clw;Nfhg;gpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l clw;gj;jpapidg;

ghJfhg;gJ> khfhzj;jpw;fhd Gjpa jahhpg;Gj; jsj;jpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Kjy;

eltbf;ifapd; Kd;Ndhbahf tpsq;Fk;. nkhop xU gpur;ridahf ,Uf;fKbahj njd;

kw;Wk; jkpo; ehl;bypUe;jhd njhopy;Kaw;rpfSldhd gq;FlikahdJ njhopy;El;gtpay;

19 2015,d;; 35 rjtPjk; Njrpa ruhrhpAld; xg;gpLifapy; tlkhfhzj;jpd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpf;fhd

ifj;njhopw; Jiwapd; xl;Lnkhj;j gq;fspg;gpy; Ntshz;ikf; ifj;njhopy; 18 rjtPjk; kl;LNk

gq;fspj;Js;sJ. [,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017 : ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp]

35

khw;wy;> MNyhridfs; kw;Wk; tpahghu mgptpUj;jp MjuT vd;gdtw;wpw;F xU

gad;kpf;f topahf ,Uf;Fk;. ifj;njhopy;fs; cs;@H Nfs;tpfspd; mbg;gilapy; kpfTk;

mtjhdkhd Kiwapy; njhpTnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. vjpHfhy tphpthf;fj;jpw;F ,J

,d;wpaikahj fhuzpahf tpsq;Fk;. mjpfhpj;j cw;gj;jpfspD}lhf mjpfsT ,aysT

gad;gLj;jg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Fiwe;jstpy; fhzg;gLk; njhopw;ghl;L

%yjdg; gpur;rpid fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f tYthf;fk;: #hpatY kw;Wk; fhw;WtY vd;gtw;Wf;fhd trjp

mghpkpjkhf cs;sikapdhYk; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; Fiwthd rdj;njhif mlHj;jpapidf;

nfhz;Ls;sikapdhYk; tlkhfhzk; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f tY cUthf;f ifj;njhopy;fis

epWTtjpy; fzprkhd tha;g;Gf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ePz;l fhyj;jpy; nryT

Fiwthdjhff; fhzg;gLtJld; mj;jifa Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; gRikg; nghUshjhuj;jpid

fl;bnaOg;Gk; eltbf;iffSld; ,izf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

gzpfs;

khfhzj;jpd; gzpj;Jiw NghUf;Fg; gpd;dH tphptile;J khfhzg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; 60

rjtPjj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspj;jpUf;fpwJ20. jw;NghJ> gzpfs; JiwahdJ Nghf;Ftuj;J>

njhlHG+l;ly; kw;Wk; rpy;yiw kw;Wk; tpahghu gzpfisg; ngUkstpw;Ff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mjd; mbj;jsj;ij cs;@hpy; tphpthf;Ftjw;Fk; ngWkjpia cUthf;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy;

gzpr; Nritfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; mNjNghd;W cs;@H Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp

nra;af;$ba tpjj;jpy; epjpapay; Jiw kw;Wk; nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fspYs;s gzpfis

kPstbtikg;gjw;Fkhd nraw;gug;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

epjpapay; gzpfspd; kPs;rpe;jid: Fwpg;ghf> fpuhkpaj; JiwapYs;s epjpapay; gzpfs;

tlf;ifg; nghpJk; ghjpg;gilar; nra;Js;s fld; neUf;fb epiyapidf; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;L kPs tbtikf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ePz;lfhy Njitg;ghL> cw;gj;jpia

mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd Fiwe;j tl;b %yjdk; kw;Wk; rpwpastpyhd cw;gj;jpfSf;F

Vw;Gilajhd fpuhkpa nfhLfld; vd;gd fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. cw;gj;jpapid

kPs nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F njhopw;gL %yjdk; mtrpakhdjhFk;.

nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gzpfs;: mjpfhpj;j njhopw;gilg; gq;Nfw;G kw;Wk; r%f

tho;f;if Kiw Nghd;wtw;Wf;F nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J tphpthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w

cz;ikj; Njitnahd;W fhzg;gLfpwJ. njhopw;gilapy; ngz;fspd; gq;Nfw;gpid

mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; khw;Wj;jpwdhspfs; kw;Wk; KjpatHfspd; elkhl;lj;jpid

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ghlrhiy khztHfis ghlrhiyf;F mDg;GtjpYs;s Rikfis

,yFgLj;Jtjw;Fk; fpuhkg;Gwq;fspilNaAk; fpuhkg;Gwq;fSf;Fs;NsAk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg;

gzpfs; mtrpakhfpd;wd.

20 ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2017 [%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp]

36

ftdpg;Gg; gzpfs;: Gyk;ngaHjy;> tajhd Fbj;njhifapd; Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; ngz;fs;

mur Ntiyfspy; <LgLjy; Nghd;wtw;why; Fbj;njhifg; guk;gypy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;

tlf;fpy; ftdpg;Gg; gzpfspd; mjpfhpj;j Njitapid cUthf;fpAs;sJld; mjidg;

G+Hj;jp nra;ag;glhjepiyAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. KjpNahH kw;Wk; rpWtHfs; guhkhpg;G>

mjpfsthd gzpfis toq;Fjy; kw;Wk; caHthd epakq;fis NgZjy; vd;gtw;wpy;

rpwe;j tha;g;Gf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJld; mit njhlHr;rpahf Gyk;ngaH kf;fspdhy;

tajile;j cwtpdHfSf;fhfTk; JiwrhH ty;YdHfspdhy; jkJ gps;isfSf;fhfTk;

tYthd mbg;gilapy; cjtpaspf;fg;gLfpwJ. njhopw;gilapy; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;G

mjpfhpj;jikapdhy; mtHfspy; jq;fptho;NthUf;fhd ftdpg;Gg; gzpfSf;fhd

Njitg;ghL mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhug; gzpfs;: tlf;fpd; efu ikaq;fspy; ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhu

cl;fl;likg;Gf;fs; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf njhw;WNeha;fs; guTk;

rk;gtq;fs; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;fhf murhq;fk;

r%f kUj;Jtg; gzpfSldhd KjyPLfSf;F Kd;Dhpikaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

jfty; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw: ,j;Jiwfs; njhopw;gilapy; mjpfsthd

,isQH gq;Nfw;gpidf; ftuyhk;. vdpDk;> ghJfhg;ghdJk; ed;F $yp

nrYj;jg;gLtJkhd njhopy;epiyapid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd mtw;wpd; Mw;wy; tha;e;j

jd;ikAk; ntw;wpAk; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; tsHr;rpia cWjpg;gLj;JtJk; chpa fhyj;jpw;F

Kd;duhd Njf;fepiyapidj; jtpHg;gJk; nfhOk;gpYs;s fk;gdpfspd; KjyPL kw;Wk;

Ngzpg; guhkhpj;jy; vd;gdtw;wpNyNa jq;fpapUf;Fk;.

37

8. Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu Kd;Dhpikfs;

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd fl;likg;G> tlf;fpw;fhd 2030,d; njhiyNehf;fpid

miltjw;F khfhz kl;lj;jpy; vLf;fg;glNtz;ba gy;NtW gpur;ridfspid

,dq;fz;Ls;sJ. ,jdbg;gilapy;> ePz;lfhy cghaj; jpl;lkpliy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk;

Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpd; tpNrl Njitfisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L mgptpUj;jp

Kaw;rpfis xUq;fpizg;gjw;Fk; mk;Kaw;rpfis Nkw;ghHit nra;tjw;Fk; ‘tlgFjp

jpl;lkply; gzpafk;’ xd;W mikf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gzpafk;

Kd;dzp Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> jdpahHJiw> khfhz kw;Wk; kj;jpa murhq;f mYtyHfspd;

mq;fj;Jtj;jpD}lhf mur kw;Wk; rptpy; r%fq;fSf;fpilNaahd xUq;fpizg;ig

Cf;Ftpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tpidj;jpwDld; nraw;gLtjw;F gzpafk; RahjPdkhf ,Uj;jy;

mtrpak;. vdpDk;> ,tw;wpdJ ntspaPLfspd; nrhj;Jhpik eilKiwg; nghWg;ghz;ikfSld;

$ba mHj;jKs;s nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd; <LghLfspypUe;J ngwg;gl;litahf ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. Muk;gj;jpy;> ,g;gzpafk; gpd;tUk; rthy;fSf;fhd jPHtpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

topfhl;lf; $bajhf ,Uf;fyhk;:

mgptpUj;jp epjpaply;: rpwpa ifj;njhopy;fspid tsHf;Fk; ePz;lfhy KjyPLfis

nraw;gLj;jy;> KjyPl;L MNyhridfis toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpd; ntw;wpapid

cWjpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf tlf;fpw;fhd XH mgptpUj;jp epjp epWtdk;

mikf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,J mjpfhpj;j cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; njhopy;epiyf;fhfTk;

mNjNghd;W Muk;g cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd ghhpa Nfs;tpf;fhfTk; nrhj;Jf;fspd; ,aysTg;

gad;ghl;bw;fhd jhq;ff;$ba njhopw;gL %yjdj;jpid toq;Fk;.

njhopyhsH re;ij tphpthf;fk;: kfspH kw;Wk; ,isQHfspdJ njhopw;gilg; gq;Nfw;gpy;

Njitg;gLfpd;w ePz;l fhy khw;wq;fis typAWj;Jtjw;F Fwpg;ghf> njhopyhsH Nfs;tp

kw;Wk; epuk;giy vjpHT$Wfpd;w epajpfspy; gFg;gha;T jpl;lkply; kw;Wk;

fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fj; njhopw;gil mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; mtrpakhFk;. njhopw;gLfpd;w

tha;g;Gf;fis gd;Kfg;gLj;jy;> gzpahw;Wk; Ntiyr;#oiy Nkk;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; kdpjts

,ayhw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gdtw;iwj; jPtpug;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; njhopw;re;ijf;

nfhs;if mgptpUj;jpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. njhopyhsH fpilg;gdT njhlHghd

jfty;fs; fpilf;fg; ngwhikapid eptHj;jp nra;jy;> kf;fis njhopy;fSld;

,izj;jy; kw;Wk; MNyhrid toq;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhf tlf;fpw;fhd njhopy;

ikankhd;W mikg;gJ njhlHgpy; Muhag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jtk;: ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpapy; Ntshz;ikj; Jiwf;fhd

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L tlf;F ,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jt

FOnthd;wpid mikj;jy; gw;wp fUj;jpy; vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if

tsq;fspd; gad;ghl;bid epiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba tifapy; Nkw;ghHit nra;jy;> jpl;lkply;

gad;ghL kw;Wk; #oy; ghJfhg;G cs;slq;fyhd ,aw;if Kiw Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd

nghWg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; ePHg; gw;whf;Fiw Nghd;w ,lHfspid

ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cghaq;fspidj; jpl;lkply; Nghd;wit ,f;FOtpd; Kf;fpa

38

njhopw;ghLfshf mikayhk;. jw;Nghija gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; Kuz;ghLfisj;

jPHg;gjw;fhd cldb eltbf;iffs; mtrpakhditahFk;.

ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; nfhs;if: tlf;fpidj;

jskhff; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;> Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpw;fhf Muha;r;rp>

nfhs;if <LghL kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fisf; fz;fhzpj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw

Nkw;nfhs;tJ mtrpakhdjhFk;. ePbj;jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Muha;r;rp

kw;Wk; nfhs;if epWtdnkhd;wpdhy; gue;jstpy; fhzg;gLk; gLfld; Rik> ,isQH

Ntiy tha;g;gpd;ik> kfspH kw;Wk; mtHfspy; jq;fpapUg;gtHfspd; rthy;fs; Nghd;w

Vw;fdNtAs;sJk; Njhw;wk;ngw;W tUtJkhd gpur;ridfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfr;

rhd;Wfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nfhs;if mgptpUj;jpfSf;F cjtpaspg;gjw;fhd

mgptpUj;jpia Kd;nfhz;L nry;yy; kw;Wk; re;ijg; Nghf;Ffs;> ghhpasT mgptpUj;jpr;

nraw;wpl;lq;fisf; fz;fhzpj;jy;> chpa Neuj;jpy; fhpridfis vOg;Gtjw;fhd

Nahridfis cUthf;Fjy; vd;gd tpiue;j mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;Jk;.

39

9. KbTiu

caHe;j njhopypd;ik tPjk;> tWik kw;Wk; mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk; gLfld; Rik

vd;gdtw;wpid gz;Gfshf nfhz;l tlf;fpd; nghUshjhu neUf;fb> NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd

vr;rkhff; fhzg;gLk; gpur;ridfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Gjpa ePz;l fhy njhiyNehf;fpidAk; Nghf;fpidAk; Njitg;gLj;JfpwJ.

,t;twpf;ifahdJ %d;W mk;rq;fshd: khfhzj;Jld; njhlHGgl;l %yjdg; gq;fPL>

njhopyhsH> epyk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if %ytsq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nghUj;jkhd

cw;gj;jpia milahsk; fhZtjd; kPJ tiuag;gl;l fl;likg;gpd; mgptpUj;jpA+lhfg;

Nguz;lg; nghUshjhug; gFg;gha;tpid Kd;itg;gJld; ,J cw;gj;jp Nghd;wtw;wpw;F

trjpaspf;fpd;w ,aYikg;gLj;Jk; #onyhd;wpw;fhd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid typAWj;JtJld;>

jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjpHfhyj;jpy; fhzg;glf;$ba jilfis ePf;Ftjd; kPJk;

nrayhw;WfpwJ; mj;Jld; ,J gzpahw;Wtjid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l r%fq;fspy;

,aysTfs; kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; jd;ikapid xopj;jypy; fhzg;gLk; cw;gj;jp Nghd;w

mbg;gilj; jd;ikfisAk; Kd;itf;fpwJ.

nghUshjhu tsHr;rpg; ghij nkJthdnjdpDk; cWjpahff; fhzg;gLtJld;

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd r%f mbj;jsq;fis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf r%fq;fspy; nra;ag;gLk;

KjyPLfs; tlf;fpw;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd cghak; vdTk; Kd;nkhopag;gLfpwJ.

,t;TghakhdJ rpwpasT cw;gj;jpahsHfis Kidg;ghff; nfhz;l Vw;fdNtAs;s

nghUshjhuj; jsj;jpd; kPJ fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;bapUg;gJld; cs;@H %ytsq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jr; nra;tjw;Fk; jw;Nghija NjHr;rp kl;lq;fis mjpfhpj;jstpy;

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; vjpHghHf;fpwJ. Rfhjhuk;> czTg; ghJfhg;G Nghd;w r%f kPnsOr;rpiaf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhfr; nra;ag;gLk; KjyPLfs; nghUj;jkhd njhopy;El;gk;>

xOq;FgLj;jy;fs;> re;ij Kiwik mgptpUj;jp Nghd;wtw;Wld; NrHe;J cjhuzkhf

tYthd tsHr;rpf;Fk;> kpfj; Njitahd njhopy;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; tUkhdj;jpid

caHj;Jtjw;fhd Kd;Ndhf;fpa xl;Lnkhj;j cj;Ntfj;jpid kPstYg;gLj;Jk;.

,t;twpf;ifahdJ> tpNrlkhf> tlf;fpd; NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd gpur;ridfs; njhlHghd

rthy;fisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Gjpa nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid

Kd;nfhz;L nry;tJk;> nraw;ghLfis eilKiwf;fpLtJk; mjpfhpj;j r%fg; gq;Nfw;G

kw;Wk; njhopw;gil mgptpUj;jp vd;gdtw;wpd; %yk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis kPs

,aYikg;gLj;JtJk; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Njitahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;iwf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Ff; fhj;jpukhd eltbf;iffs; NjitahfTs;s mNjNtisapy;

%ytsq;fs; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjidAk; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f jPHkhdq;fs;

vLf;fg;gLtjidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; Gjpa tsHr;rp

cghankhd;wpid toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. Ntshz;ik> ifj;njhopy;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfspy;

Jiwthhpahd> khfhz hPjpahdJkhd Kd;Dhpik tplaq;fs; milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

cghaj;jpd; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; ,izg;Gf;fis Kd;nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk; mNjNghd;W ePz;l

fhy mgptpUj;jp epjpapliyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; njhopw;re;ijapid tphpTgLj;Jjy; Nghd;w

40

NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd jdpj;Jtkhd rthy;fisf; ifahs;tjw;nfd tpNrl epWtdnkhd;wpid

cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cUthfp tUfpd;w ghHitfs; kw;Wk; mDgtq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;fpd;w tpjj;jpy;> ,f;fl;likg;ghdJ> tlf;fpd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kjd;ikj;

jpl;lj;jpid cUthf;Ftjw;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhd nghf;fp~nkhd;whf Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,jd; cs;slf;fq;fs; murhq;fk;> nfhil toq;Fk; r%fk; kw;Wk; gue;j rptpy; r%fk;

vd;gdtw;wpYs;s jPHkhdq;fis tFg;Nghhpd; fye;Jiuahly;fs;> tpthjq;fs; kw;Wk;

Muha;r;rpfis NkYk; J}z;LnkdTk; tl khfhzj;jpw;F RgPl;rj;jpidAk; rkj;Jtj;ijAk;

nfhz;LtUk; vdTk; midthpdJk; gq;fspg;Gldhd ,yf;fpid Nehf;fpa ,izg;gpidAk;

xj;Jiog;gpidAk; Cf;Ftpf;FnkdTk; gykhf ek;GfpwJ.

nghushjhu mgptpuj;jpf; fl;likg;g...tlkhfhz kjd;ikj; jpl;lnkhd;wpw;fhd nghushjhu mgptpuj;jpf;...

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