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NICOTINE

VACCINE

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SMOKINGSingle leading preventable cause

of death.

The WHO estimates:

1.3 billion smokers worldwide5 million tobacco-related deaths

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TOBACCO USE AND HEALTH

Smoking harms almost all organs of thebody

Respiratory diseases Heart diseases Cancer

Stroke Reproductive complications.

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"Quitting smoking is easyI've done it a thousand times

-Mark Twain

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WHY CESSATION ? The single most important step thatsmokers can take to enhance the lengthand quality of their lives.

SMOKING

CESSATION

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WHAT MAKES TOBACCO SO ADDICTIVE ?

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Mesolimbic area

High concentrationof

42 nACh receptors.

Arousal, reward systemPleasure,reward

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Nicotine distilled from Tobacco

Carried to lungs

Diffuses into brain

Binds to 42 nAchRs

Release of dopamine

Psychoactive effects of Nicotine

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CURRENTLY AVAILABLE THERAPY

FIRST LINE AGENTS

Nicotine replacement therapy

1.Transdermal patch2.Gum3.Nasal spray4.Lozenge

Bupropion (an atypical antidepressant) Varenicline (a partial agonist of the

42 nAch R)

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SECOND LINE AGENTS

Nortriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressantagent).

Clonidine (a central sympatholytic).

COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS

Sleep disturbances Cough Nervousness Mouth and throat irritations

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NICOTINE VACCINE

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HAPTENNICOTINE CARRIER

PROTEIN

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Doesnt act onbrain

Longer lastingthan oral agents

Fewer sideeffects

Repeated boosterdoses needed tomaintain maximalantibody levels

Advantages Disadvantages

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CONCLUSION

The key to a successful smokingcessation program is to not only stop theurge to smoke,it must prevent relapse by

preventing the initial addiction.

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A nicotine vaccine may break thecycle that fuels the habit