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NIKHIL : Dad may I do my PU course in science ? FATHER : of course you can, why my son have you got any doubt? NIKHIL : You know I could not do my Maths paper much better, on that day I had fever,
I may get little less marks. FATHER : Don’t worry, you will get good marks, and you also get admission for PU science course, well, you will never know unless you try, will you?
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 1
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Be Do Have Present Tense Past tense
Am Do Have Will Would
Is Does Has Shall Should / Would
Are Did Had Can Could
Was Done May Might
Were Must Used to
Ought to
Need
Dare Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 2
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AffirmativeAffirmativeAffirmativeAffirmative NegativeNegativeNegativeNegative InterrogativeInterrogativeInterrogativeInterrogative
1) I shall / will work I shall / will not work Shall I work?
2) We shall / will
work
We shall / will not work Shall we work?
3) You will work You will not work Will you work?
4) He will work He will not work Will he work?
5) She will work She will not work Will she work?
6) They will work They will not work Will they work?
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 3
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Ritu will have a great time when she goes
on vacation next month. She will visit
Goa. She will stay at an Oceanfront hotel.
She will swim every day. She will go
sailing. She will go fishing. She will make
sand castles along the beach. She will
play hard each day and sleep hard each
night.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
1) Will you get me some flowers? 2) Will you please close the door? 3) I will carry your book. 4) I will try to do better next time. 5) Will you have a tea? 6) Will you lend me your scooter?
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
The teacher said, “All boys will attend
roll-call at 9.00 am and all will stay
here till your home assignment is
completed”.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Rosy said to Mary “I shall be thirty on my
next birthday”.
Mary: We shall invite all our friends for
birthday party.
Rosy: We shall leave our house early
tomorrow morning to meet our friends.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• He shall carry out my instructions
• We shall not yield an inch of ground
• Shall we go out?
• Shall I help you in writing?
• You shall be punished for your mistake.
• You shall have a holiday tomorrow.
• Shall I open the door?
• Which pen shall I buy?
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Arun : Can you speak any foreign language?
Varun : I can speak Spanish but I can’t write it.
Arun : I can speak and write both Spanish and French.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Customer : Can I have these post cards please?
Shop keeper : of course you can.
Customer : How much can I pay ?
Shop Keeper : You can pay Ten Rupees.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• We can see the lake from our bed room
window
• I can do this work
• I will do this work
• I may do this work
• Can I sit here?
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• Father : Take an umbrella with you when you go out it may rain.
• Daughter : I think, it may not
• Father ; It might rain, safe take an umbrella with you.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Student: May I come in Sir?
Teacher: Why are you late? Be regular otherwise you may fail.
Student: Sorry Sir, I will not be late in future.
Teacher: you may come in.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• May god bless you.
• May you live long.
• May I use your pen?
• May I speak to Ramesh?
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• Would you like to go by bus?
• Would you like another cup of coffee?
• Would you like me to help you?
• Would you tell me where the post office is ?
• We would all get up early and go for
swimming.
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•I wish Sarah would come
•When ever Arthur was angry he would walk out
of the room.
•It would be nice to have a holiday, but we can’t
afford to it.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• You look tired you should go to bed.
• The Govt. should do more to help homeless.
• You should apologize
• You must apologize
• She has been studying hard for the exam, so she
should pass
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• He demanded that we should pay to the repair
• She insisted that she should pay for the meal
• The committee recommends that Ram should be
appointed
• Raghu suggested that I should buy a car
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• When I was young, I could climb a tree in the
forest.
• My grandfather could swim a long distance.
• Could you run the business by yourself ?
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
•Anitha : What shall we do this evening ?
•Swetha: we could go to cinema.
•Anitha: It is a nice day better we could go for
a walk.
•Swetha: yes, we can
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• Can you wait a moment please?
• Could you wait a moment please?
• Could you open the door please?
• Could I have the salt please ?
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
• You must do your work properly.
• You must improve your spelling.
• I must stand first in the class this year.
• We must make all sacrifices for our country.
• I must be on diet.
• I have to be on a diet.
• She must have left already.
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You ought to help the poor.
Anil ought to stand first in the competition.
Miss Lilly ought to arrive in a minute.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 23
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Used to, Need and Dare
• The auxiliary used to expresses a discontinued habit.
• My wife used to getting up early.
• I used to live there when I was a boy.
• I am used to hard life
• We are used to the noise our neighbor make though we
don’t like it.
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I need your help.
Need I write to him?
I need not go there
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 25
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Comparison:
• You must leave now.
• You needn’t leave now.
• You mustn’t leave now.
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Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Dare:
• Dare is used to express courageousness as a
model it is mostly used in negative and
interrogative sentences.
• How dare you call me names?
• He dare not touch me.
• You dare not take such a step.
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Formation of Negatives.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Contracted form
Will + not = won’t (Will not)
Can + not = can’t (cannot)
Shall + not = shan’t (shall not)
Would + not = wouldn’t (would not)
Could + not = couldn’t (could not)
Should + not = shouldn’t (Should not)
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May + not = mayn’t (may not) Might + not = mightn’t (might not) Must + not = mustn’t (must not) Dare + not = daren’t (dare not) Need + not = needn’t (need not) Ought + not = oughtn’t (ought not) Use + not = usen’t (use not)
The contracted forms are used to form negatives, in question tags and in spoken English.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 29
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Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with ‘can ‘, ‘cannot’, ‘could’ or ‘could not’.
1) I _______________ finish the work within two hours
2) A ship _________________ fly 3) I __________________ paint very well when I was young
4) _________________ I meet you later on ?
5) ________________ you pass on the sugar?
6) I thought I _____________ arrange the party.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 30
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Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with ‘may’ or ‘might’.
1) you _____________ have told it earlier.
2) ________________ I use you pen?
3) It _______________ rain in the evening.
4) We thought the teacher _____________ be in the
room
5) Be careful, the rope ________________ break.
6) Mr. David ______________ fly off tomorrow if the
meeting is cancelled Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
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Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with ‘must’. ‘ought’ or ‘should’.
1) You ________________ work hard for the exams.2) The drivers _______________ to follow traffic rules.
3) You _______________ not reply back to your elders.4) The students _________ keep quiet during the
assembly.5) You ________________ not make fun of the poor and
weak.
6) She _____________ to be more careful.7) John ______________ be in the playground now.
8) One ______________ work hard or starve.9) We _______________ come for the help of blind people.
10) You _______________ be punctual to become leader
of your class. Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 32
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Exercise. 4
Underline the correct words in the brackets
1.Leela is deaf. She ( can,cannot ) hear.
2.You are an intelligent girl.
You (can,cannot ) get good marks.
3. The scissors are not sharp.
You(can, cannot ) cut the cloth.
4. Gopal does not know swimming.
He (can, cannot ) cross the river.
5. Miss Mary is a good cook.
She (can,cannot ) cook well.Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
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6. Peter is a strong man.He (can,cannot )
lift this bag.
7. Mr.Singh does not know much English
so he ( can,cannot ) speak it well.
8. The wall is too high. The thief ( can,
cannot ) jump.
9. My house is near the market . I
(can,cannot ) walk to it.
10.Tom is a clever dog. It ( can, cannot )
do many tricks.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 34
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Home Assignment
Answers
Ex.1 1.can. 2.cannot. 3.could.
4.can. 5.can. 6.Could not
Ex.2 1.might. 2.may. 3.may.
4.might. 5.might. 6.may
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Ex.3 1.Must. 2.Ought.
3.Should. 4.Must.
5.Should. 6.Ought.
7.Must. 8.Should.
9.Must. 10.Should.
Ex.4 1. Cannot. 2.Can.
3. Cannot. 4.Cannot.
5. Can. 6.Can.
7. Cannot. 8.Cannot.
9. Can. 10.Can.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 36
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The water ________ flow. But the ice _______ flow.
An aeroplane ________ fly.
A ship ________________ fly.
A fish _____________ swim.
It __________________ crawl.
LOOK AT THE PICTURES CAREFULLY AND FILL IN THE
BLANKS WITH ‘CAN’ OR ‘CAN NOT’
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Exercise 5
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The blind man _______ hear.
But he ______________ see.
A crocodile __________ swim.
It _______________ hop.
The beggar __________ walk.
He _________________ run.
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A bird _____________ fly.
A cat _______________ fly.
A hen ____________ lay eggs.
A cow ____________ lay eggs.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 39