Nineteenth EuropeanPhotovoltaic Solar EnergyConferenceProceedings of the International Conferenceheld in Paris, France

7 - 11 June 2004

Edited by:

W. HOFFMANNRWESCHOTT SolarAlzenau, Germany

J.-L. BALADEMEParis, France

H.OSSENBRINKEuropean Commission - DG JRCIspra, Italy

W.PALZWorld Council for Renewable Energy

P. HELMWIP-Renewable EnergiesMunich, Germany

Volume I

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j

Table of Contents of Volume I

Conference Executive Committee iii

Scientific Committee - Session Organisers and Paper Reviewers iii

Poster Award Committee iv

International Advisory Committee v

National Committee v

Subject index vji

Table of Contents ;x

Conference Chairman's Welcome xxxiDr. W. Hoffmann, RWE SCHOTTSolar, Germany, President of EPIA

Conference Vice Chairman's Welcome xxxiiJ.L. Bal, ADEME France

Opening Address from the French Authorities (in French language) xxxiiiD. Maillard, Ministere de I'Industrie, Directeur General de I'Energie et des Matieres Premieres

Introduction by the European Commission (I) xxxvAG. Finat, European Commission, DG Energy and Transport, Directorate New Energies and Management

Introduction by the European Commission (II) xxxviiP.F. Ruiz, European Commission, DG Research, Director, Directorate Energy

Laudatio for the Becquerel Prize Winner xxxixProf. J. Schmid, ISET, Kassel, Germany, Member of the Becquerel Prize Board

Toward 50% Efficiency Iii-V Compound Multi-Junction and Concentrator Solar CellsHonorary Lecture by the Bequerel Prize Winner xl

M. Yamaguchi, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan

Keynote Speech xliiiM. Pappalardo, President, ADEME, France

The Acceleration of PV and the Role of the German Programme xlvH. Scheer, General Chairman of the WCRE, Member of the Bundestag, President ofEUROSOLAR, Germany

Introduction to the Programme xlviiDr. H. Ossenbrink, Technical Programme Chairperson, Head of Renewable Energies Unit,European Commission, DG JRC

Opening of the Conference xlviiiDr. W. Palz, Conference Director, World Council of Renewable Energy, Brussels, Belgium

Introductory Speech to the Closing Session xlixJ.L. Bal, ADEME, France

The PV TRAC Process 1E. Perezagua, Isofoton, Spain

The Role of PV for the Development of Less Developed Countries IiiDr. Wolfgang Palz, Conference Director, WCRE-World Council of Renewable EnergyDr. Dominique Campana, Director of International Affairs, ADEME, France

Conference Highlights H i i

Dr. H. Ossenbrink, Technical Programme Chairperson, European Commission, DGJRC, Ispra, Italy

Laudatio for the John C. Bonda Prize for the Advancement of Photovoltaics lvE. Macias, Vice President ofEPIA, Brussels, Belgium

Honorary Lecture by the John C. Bonda Prize Winner lviP. Varadi, PV Gap, Geneva, Switzerland

Poster Award Ceremony lviiiE. Dunlop, European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

Closing Address from the Host Country lixF. Demarcq, Directeur General, ADEME, France

Farewell to All Participants lxP. Helm, Executive Committee Member EUPVSEC, WIP-Renewable Energies, Munich, Germany

Closing address by Conference Chairman lxiDr. W. Hoffmann, RWE SCHOTTSolar, Germany, President of EPIA

Photo-montage lxiii

Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials

PLENARY SESSION 1AP.1 Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials

1AP. 1.1 Third Generation Photovoltaics: Theoretical and Experimental ProgressM.A. Green

1 AP. 1.2 Present Status of the Metallic Intermediate Band Solar Cell ResearchA. Marti, A. Luque, C. Stanley, T. Dittrich, P. Wahnon, C. Tablero, R.. Baydn, N. Lopez, L. Cuadra, D.Zhou, J.L. Pearson, A. McKee, A. Belaidi, Y. Milovanov, T. Guminskaya, J. J.Fernandez, P. Palacios, J.Alonso

1 AP. 1.3 InGaN: A New Photovoltaic MaterialC. Honsberg, O. Jani, A. Doolittle, E. Trybus, G. Namkoong, I. Ferguson, D. Nicole, A. Payne

1 AP. 1.4 Efficiencies of Co-Sensitized and Tandem-Structure Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsM. Diirr, A. Bamedi, A. Schmid, M. Obermaier, A. Yasuda, G. Nelles

1 AP. 1.5 Nanotube/Quantum Dot-Polymer Solar CellsS.G. Bailey, S.L. Castro, B.J. Landi, H.J. Ruf R.P. Raffaelle

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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 1BO.4 Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials

1BO.4.2 Group Ill-Nitride Alloys as Solar Cell Materials 30W. Walukiewicz, J. Wu, K.M. Yu, J.W. Ager III, E.E. Holler, J. Jasinski, Z. Liliental-Weber, H. Lu, W.J.Schaff

1BO.4.3 Pending Issues in the Modelling of Concentrator Solar Cells 34C. Algora, M. Baudrit, I. Rey-Stolle, D. Martin, R.. Peha, B. Galiana, J.R. Gonzalez

1 BO.4.4 Improvement of Spectral Response of Solar Cells by Deployment of Spectral Converters ContainingSemiconductor Nanocrystals 38W. Van Sark, C. De Mello Donegd, C. Harkisoen, R. Kinderman, J.A.M. van Roosmalen, R.E.I. Schropp.E.H. Lysen

1 BO.4.5 Extraction of the Diffusion Length of Solar Cells from the Spectral Response of the Open-Circuit Voltage 42H. Mackel, A. Cuevas

1BO.4.6 Temperature Dependent Infrared Camera Lifetime Mapping (ILM) 46P. Pohl, R. Brendel

1BO.5.1 Electrolytes, Charge Transfer Materials and Redox Systems for Dye-Sensitised ElctrochemicalPhotovoltaics 50P. Wang, S.M. Zakeeruddin, A.J. McEvoy, M. Gratzel

1BO.5.2 New Concepts and Materials for World-Class Dye Sensitized Solar Cells 54J.M. Kroon, N.J. Bakker, H.J.P. Smit, P. Liska, K.R. Thampi, M. Gratzel. A. Hinsch, S. Hore, J.R. Durrani,E. Palomares, H. Pettersson, T. Gruszecki, J. Walter, K. Skupien, G. Tulloch

1BO.5.3 Polymer Solar Cells: Screen-Printing as a Novel Deposition Technique 58T. Aernouts, P. Vanlaeke, J. Poortmans, P. Heremans

1BO.5.4 Conductivity Behavior of C^A-C Superlattice Structures for Solar Cell Applications 62N. Kojima, Y. Sugiura, T. Terayama, M. Yamaguchi

1BO.5.5 ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN Inorganic £7X-Solar Cells Based on NanoColumnar ZnO Films 65C. Levy-Clement, R. Tena-Zaera, A. Katty, MA. Ryan, S. Bastide, G. Hodes, C. Yard

1CO.5.1

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 1CO.5 Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials

Multi-Band Diluted II-VI Oxide for High Efficiency Solar CellsK.M. Yu, W. Walukiewicz, J. Wu, W. Shan, M.A. Scarpulla, O.D. Dubon, J.W. Beeman, B. Becla

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ICO.5.2 Optical Absorption of Self-Assembled Ge Islands in SiG. Palfinger, J. Konle, B. Bitnar, H. Presting, D. Griitzmacher

1CO.5.3 Systematic Variation of Si Spacer Width in Solar Cells with Stacked Ge Islands and its Effect onPhotovoltaic PerformanceN. Usami, A. Alguno, W. Pan, K. Sawano, K. Fujiwara, T. Ujihara, Y. Shiraki, K. Nakajima

ICO.5.4 Silicon Quantum Dots: Application for Energy Selective Contacts to Hot Carrier Solar CellsC-W. Jiang, E.C. Cho, G. Conibeer, M.A. Green

1CO.5.5 Impurity Photovoltaics in the Presence of Shockley-Read-Hall RecombinationN-P. Harder, P. Wurfel

ICO.5.6 An Alternative Scheme for Implementing the Impurity-Photovoltaic Effect in Crystalline SiliconD. Macdonald, K. McLean, J. Mitchell, P.N.K. Deenapanray, S. De Wolf

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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 1CO.6 Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials

1CO.6.1 Next-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies in the United StatesR. Me Connell, R. Matson

ICO.6.2 InGaAs Thermophotovoltaic Tandem Cell with Multi-Junction Interconnects on a Single ChipS. L. Murray, C.S. Murray, F.D. Newman, M.V. Turner, R.R. Siergiej, R. Wehrer, B. Wernsman, R.G.Mahorter, S.P. Ahrenkiel, M. W. Wanlass

ICO.6.3 A Germanium Back-Contact Type Cell with Improved Efficiency for Thermo-PhotovoltaicsT. Nagashima, K. Hokoi, K. Okumura, K. Kawaguchi, M. Yamaguchi

1CO.6.4 TPV Cells Based on Ge, GaSb and InAs Related Compounds for Solar Powered TPV SystemsV. Khvostikov, V.D. Rumyantsev, O.A. Khvostikova, P. Y. Gazaryan, N.A. Kaluzhniy, V.M. Andreev

1CO.6.5 Quantum Dot Solar Concentrators and ModulesA.J. Chatten, K. W.J. Barnham, B.F. Buxton, N.J. Ekins-Daukes, M.A. Malik

ICO.6.6 A Low Escape-Cone-Loss Luminescent Solar ConcentratorB.S. Richards, A. Shalav, R.P. Corkish

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VISUAL PRESENTATIONS 1AV.2 Fundamentals, Novel Devices and New Materials

1 AV.2.2 Characteristics of Solar Cells with Vertical P-N JunctionG.E. Ayvazyan, G.H. Kirakosyan, G.A. Minasyan

1 AV.2.3 Laser Focalization in LBIC Techniques Using Internal Conversion PropertiesJ. Martin, C. Fernandez-Lorenzo, J.A. Poce-Fatou, R. Alcantara

1 AV.2.4 Optimization of Quantum Well Parameters for High Efficiency AlxGai_xAs/Ga as Solar CellsA.K. Aboul-Soud, M.M. Soliman, A.S. Hafez

1 AV.2.8 Development of Yb2O3 Foam Ceramic Emitters for TPV ApplicationsB. Bitnar, W. Durisch, U. Vogt, A. Bronstrup, E-M. Meyer, F. Roth, D. Seller

1 AV.2.9 Surface Passivation of Silicon by Means of Negative Charge DielectricsG. Agostinelli, P. Vitanov, Z. Alexieva, A. Harizanova, H.F. W. Dekkers, S. De Wolf, G. Beaucarne

1AV.2.10 Potential of Photovoltaic Direct Drive of MEMS Electrostatic ActuatorsS. Bermejo, L. Castaner

1 AV.2.11 Work Function Modulation for Contact Applications in Thermophotovoltaic DevicesB. Ghosh, S. Purakayastha

1 AV.2.13 Surface Reactions in Photoelectrochemical CellsB. Sorensen

1AV.2.14 Characterization of Polyaniline Schottky Barrier DevicesMB. Soliman, A.B. Kashyout, M.A. El-Gamal, Sh.M. Ebraheem

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1AV.2.17 GaAs-Monolithically Interconnected Modules (MIMs) with an Efficiency Above 20% 150S. Van Riesen, R. Lockenhoff F. Dimroth, A.W. Bett

1 AV.2.18 Morphology of SnO2 Thin Films Prepared by the Sol-Gel Dip Coating Technique 154S. M. Rozati, E. Mahmodi, J. Novinroz, P. Sarabadani, J. Garosi

1AV.2.19 Tandem Photocells for Image Sensing Application 157M. Vieira, M. Fernandes, P. Louro, A. Fantoni, N. Carvalho, G. Lavareda

1AV.2.20 Photoelectrochemical Cells with Bulk and Porous GaAs and InP Photoelectrodes 161A. Cojocaru, A. Simashkevich, D. Sherban, I. Tiginyanu, V. Ursaki, I. Tsiulyanu, Iu. Usatyi

1AV.2.21 Microrelief P-N-Junctions and Diffusion those for Heterophotoconverter Structures Al (In) GaAs-GaAs 165A. V. Karimov, D.M. Edgorova

1AV.2.22 A Study of AIAs Etching in HF for Epitaxial Lift-off of III-V Solar Cells 169M.M.A.J. Voncken, A.T.J. Van Niftrik, J.J. Schermer, G.J. Bauhuis, P. Mulder, J. van Deelen, P.K. Larsen

1 AV.2.23 Dependence of Spectral Response of Dye Solar Cells on Bias Illumination 173J. Hohl-Ebinger, A. Hinsch, R. Sastrawan, W. Warta, U. Wurfel

1AV.2.24 Improved Quantum Efficiency in GaSb/GaAs Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Using an Offset P-NJunction 176C. W. Bumby, P.A. Shields, R.J. Nicholas, Q. Fan, G. Shmavonyan, L May, S.K. Haywood

1AV.2.25 Temperature- and Intensity-Dependent Voltage Spectroscopy of Recombination Centres in Silicon SolarCells 179H. Mdckel, A. Cuevas

1 AV.2.26 Fermi Level-Splitting in the Intrinsic Region of P-I-N Solar Cells 183A.C. Varonides

1 AV.2.28 Theoretical Investigations of III-V Multi-Junction Concentrator Cells Under Realistic Spectral Conditions 187G. Letay, C. Baur, A. W. Bett

1 AV.2.29 ETA Solar Cells Using MoS2 as Visible Light Absorbent 191A. Duta, M. Nanu

1 AV.2.31 Improvements and Understanding of Crystalline Silicon Hydrogenation by Plasma Treatment. Comparisonof High Temperature and Non Equilibrium Plasma 194J. Amouroux, M. Benmansour, M. Nikravech, S. Darwiche, A. Soric, D. Morvan, D. Ballutaud

1AV.2.33 Si/SiO2 Superlattices for Next Generation Solar Cells 198R. Rolver, O. Winkler, M. Forst, B. Spangenberg, H. Kurz

1 AV.2.34 Analysis of Intermediate Band Materials using Theoretical Methods 202C. Tablero, P. Palacios, J.J. Fernandez, P. Wahnon

1 AV.2.35 Open Circuit Voltage Enhancement in Ideal Thin Solar Cells 206T. Markvart, P.T. Landsberg

1AV.2.36 Effect of Interface Roughness on Optical Properties and Efficiency of Heterojunction Solar Cells 208N.L. Dmitruk, A. V. Korovin, V.P. Kostylyov, V.G. Lyapin, S. V. Mamykin, A. V. Sachencko

1AV.2.37 Development of the III-V Semiconductor Solar Cells with Microrelief Interfaces 212O. Yu. Borkovskaya, N.L. Dmitruk, A. V. Karimov, R. V. Konakova, N. V. Kotova, IB. Mamontova, T. V.Malysh

1AV.2.38 Analytical Modelling of the Interaction of a Modulated Laser Beam with a Solar Cell 216A. Irace, F. Sorrentino, G.F. Vitale

1AV.2.39 Temperature - and Injection-Dependent Lifetime Spectroscopy (7-IDLS): Advanced Analysis 219S. Rein, S. Diez, S. W. Glunz

1AV.2.42 Influence of Oxygen, Sodium and Copper on the Properties of PVD-Grown Indium Sulfide 223N. Barreau, J.C. Bernede, J. Kessler

1AV.2.43

1AV.

1AV.

1AV

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RMS Current of a Photovoltaic Generator 227G. Almonacid, P.J. Perez, J. Aguilera, J. de la Casa

Ion Beam Induced Effects in RF Plasma CVD Deposited Hydrogenated a-C Films and Attempts onFabrication of Carbon-Based Solar Cells 231K.L. Narayanan, T. Soga, N.E. Daukes, Y. Oshita, M. Yamaguchi

Silicon Nanostructures for All-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells 235E.C. Cho, Y.H. Cho, T. Trupke, R. Corkish, G. Conibeer, M.A. Green

P-Type ZnO Thin Films Prepared from N2O/N2 Gas Mixtures by Using a PLA/RF-PECVD DepositionSystem 239S-C. Lin, C-J. Huang, M-T. Kuo, L-C. Kuo

1 AV.2.52 Characterisation of Quantum Dot Solar Concentrator Performance Using a Continuous Solar Simulator 242S.J. Gallagher, P.C. Eames, B. Norton

1 AV.2.53 Reactively Sputtered MoSx and WSX Absorbers for Thin Film Solar Cells 246S. Seeger, V. Weifi, H. Tributsch, T. Dittrich, T. Guminskaya, R. Mientus, K. Ellmer

1 AV.2.54 Phonon Bottleneck Effect and Photon Absorption in Self-Ordered Quantum Dot Intermediate Band SolarCells 250L. Cuadra, A. Marti, N. Lopez, A. Luque

1 AV.2.55 Polythiophene Layers Made by Electropolymerisation for a New Polythiophene-Nanotube PhotovoltaicCell Concept 254M. Vignali, R. Edwards, V.J. Cunnane

1 AV.2.56 Theoretical Study of Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell Under Frequency Modulated White Light: Determinationof Recombination Parameters 258/. Zerbo, I.F. Barro, B. Mbow, A. Diao, S. Madougou, F. Zougmore, G. Sissoko

1 AV.2.57 Bulk and Surface Parameters Determination by a Transient Study of Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell UnderConstant White Bias Light 262F.I. Barro, S. Mbodji, A. Ndiaye, I. Zerbo, S. Madougou, F. Zougmore, G. Sissoko

1 AV.2.58 Effective Diamond-Like Carbon Based Antireflection Coatings for Si-Based Solar Cells 266A.V. Sarikov, N.I. Klyui, V.G. Litovchenko

1AV.2.61 Phononic Band Gap Engineering for Hot Carrier Solar Cell Absorbers 270G.J. Conibeer, M.A. Green

1 AV.2.62 Efficiency Limits for an Ideal Solar Cell with Combined Up and Down Conversion or for Two Level UpConversion Using Blackbody Modelling and AMI .5G Data 274G.J. Conibeer, A.S. Brown, M.A. Green

1 AV.2.65 On the Spectral and Light Intensity Dependence of Photon Recycling in GaAs Solar Cells 278J.L. Balenzategui, A. Marti

1 AV.2.66 Three Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Series Resistance Losses in the Base of Single and DoubleJunction Rear Point Contact Silicon Solar Cells 282K. Kotsovos, K. Misiakos, D. Tsamakis

1AV.2.67 The Role of Photoinduced Conductivity in Organic and Organic/Inorganic P/N Solar Cells 286O. Shevaleevskiy, L. Larina, S. Y. Myong, K.S. Lim

1AV.2.69 Energy Level Relations in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 289M. Giannouli, P. Yianoulis

1 AV.2.70 Study of the Conduction Mechanisms in InGaAs/InAIAs Strained Multiple Quantum Well PhotovoltaicStructures 293M.P. Pires, F.C. Guastavino, B. Yavich, P.L. Souza

1 AV.2.71 Modelling Hole Transport in Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cell Applications 297A.J. Chatten, S.M. Tuladhar, D.D.C. Bradley, J. Nelson

1 AV.2.72 Properties of Pure and Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films Synthesized by Soft Chemistry 301L. Znaidi, S. Benyahia, C. Marchand, J.P. Gaston, J. Kurdi, J.F. Guillemoles

1 AV.2.73 Influence of the Nature of Nanometric TiO2 Particles on Photovoltaic Devices 305S. Cassaignon, M. Koelsch, J.F. Guillemoles, J-P. Jolivet

1AV.2.74 Quantum-Thermodynamic Theory of Rare Earth Doped Selective Emitters 309M. Mazzer, G. Torsello, M. Lomascolo, A. Licciulli, D. Diso, S. Tundo

1 AV.2.75 Modeling the TWT Structure 312J. C. Jimeno, S. Uriarte, C. Ikaran, R. Nafarrate, N. Barbazdn, I. Petrina

1 AV.2.77 Thin-Film and Epitaxial Structures for Thermophotovoltaic Cells Based on GaSb 316V. Kurak, E. Andronova, Y. Baganov, K. Zlobina, A. Voronin, A. Moroz

1 AV.2.78 Thickness Determination of Very Thin Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Layers 320A. Gordijn, J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp

1AV.2.79 Ab Initio Investigation of Potential Indium Free Chalcopyrite Compounds for Photovoltaic Application 324J.M. Raulot, C. Domain, J-F. Guillemoles

1AV.2.81 Observation of Ideal Dark-Current Behaviour in Strain-Balanced Quantum well Solar Cells 328K. W.J. Barnham, L.M. Bollard, D.B.Bushnelll, J.P. Connolly, R. Day, N.J. Ekins-Daukes, D.C. Johnson, C.Lim, M. Lynch, M. Mazzer, T.N.D. Tibbits, C. Colder, G. Hill, J.S. Roberts

1 AV.2.82 Calculation of Band Properties of Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar Cells with Hydrogenic Impurities 332M. Y. Levy, A. Marti, K. Honsberg, A. Luque

1AV.2.83 FULLSPECTRUM: A New PV Wave Making More Efficient Use of the Solar Spectrum 336A. Luque, A. Marti, L. Cuadra, C. Algora, P. Wahnon, G. Sala, P. Benitez, A. W. Bett, A. Gombert, V. M.Andreev, C. Jassaud, J.A.M. Van Roosmalen, J. Alonso, A. Rduber, G. Strobel, W. Stolz, B. Bitnar, C.Stanley, J. C. Conesa, W. Van Sark, K. Barnham, R. Danz, T. Meyer, I. Luque-Heredia, R. Kenny, C.Christofldes

1 AV.2.84 Current Multiplication in Reverse Biased Silicon Solar Cells 340J.M. Ruiz, M.C. Alonso Garcia

1 AV.2.85 Theoretical Analysis of Sorting and Series Connection of Solar Cells 344M.J. Saenz, V. Martinez, J.C. Jimeno

1AV.2.86 3D Distributed Model for Concentrator Solar Cells 348B. Galiana, I. Rey-Stolle, C. Algora, M. Baudrit, I. Garcia

1 AV.2.88 Quantum Dots PV-Cells Obtained by Liquid Phase Epitaxy 352/. Maronchuk, A. Minailov, E. Andronova, T. Kulutkina, K. Zlobina, A. Maronchuk

1AV.2.89 Efficiency Limits of Quantum Well Solar Cells 355J.P. Connolly, l.M. Bollard, K. W.J. Barnham, D.B. Bushnell, T.N.D. Tibbits, J.S. Roberts

1AV.2.90 Limitations of Multi-Quantum Well Solar Cells for Concentrator Application 359A. Alemu, L. Williams, L. Bhusal, A. Freundlich

1 AV.2.92 An Influence of a Sub-Nanometer Thick Metal Interlayer Between TCO and Polymer Composition Layerson Photovoltaic Behavior 363V.A. Kolesnikov, A.R. Tameev, S. V. Novikov, V.I. Zolotarevsky, A. V. Vannikov, S. Dabos-Seignon, F. Jean,J-M. Nunzi

1 AV.2.93 Monocrystalline GaAs/Ge Mesa Arrays on Ceramic Substrates for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells 367M.G. Mauk, O.V. Sulima, B.W. Feyock, J.R. Balliet, J.A. Cox, A.M. Mintairov, R.C. Reedy Jr., R. Jonczyk

1AV.2.96 Structural Properties of Poly-Si Films Obtained by Aluminium Induced Crystallisation in DifferentAtmospheres 371D. Dimova-Malinovska, O. Angelov, M. Sendova-Vassileva, V. Grigorov, M. Kamenova

1 AV.2.98 Transparent and Conducting Sol-Gel Derived Yttrium Doped Zinc Oxide Films 374A. V. Kaur, R. Singh, R.M. Mehra

1 AV.2.99 Electrical Transport in Sol-Gel Derived Al Doped ZnO Films 377P. Sagar, R. Kaur, M. Kumar, R.M. Mehra

Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

PLENARY SESSION 2CP.1 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2CP. 1.1 The Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell - History, Achievements and Perspectives 383G.P. Willeke

2CP. 1.2 Manufacture of Solar Cells with 21 % Efficiency 387W.P. Mulligan, DM. Rose, MJ. Cudzinovic, D.M. De Ceuster, K.R. Mclntosh, D.D. Smith, R.M. Swanson

2CP. 1.3 Recent Progress in the Surface Passivation of Silicon Solar Cells using Silicon Nitride 391J. Schmidt, J.D. Moschner, J. Henze, S. Dauwe, R. Hezel

2CP. 1.4 European Cluster on High- and Intermediate Temperature Thin-Film Crystalline Si Solar Cells R&D:Overview of Running Projects and Underlying Roadmap 397J. Poortmans, S. Reber, S. Gall, C. Zahedi, J. Alonso

2CP. 1.5 Spatially Resolved IR-Measurement Techniques for Solar Cells 403J. Isenberg, S. Riepe, M.C. Schubert, S.W. Glunz, W. Warta

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2AO.1 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2AO.1.1 Laser-Fired Contact Silicon Solar Cells on P-and N-Substrates 408S. Glunz, E. Schneiderlochner, D. Kray, A. Grohe, M. Hermle, H. Kampwerth, R. Preu, G.P. Willeke

2AO.1.2 Improved Perfomances of mc-Si Solar Cells by Isotropic Plasma Texturing 412H.F. W. Dekkers, G. Agostinelli, D. Dehertoghe, G. Beaucarne

2AO. 1.3 Edge Isolation: Innovative Inline Wet Processing -Ready for Industrial Production 416F. Delahaye, M. Lohmann, M. Bauer, G. Vilsmeier, I. Melnyk, A. Hauser, C. Gerhards, M. Krause, S. Lust,H. Nufibaumer, W. Joos

2AO. 1.4 SIN: H Anti-Reflection Coatings for C-Si Solar Cells by Large Scale Inline Sputtering 419W. Wolke, A. Jackie, R. Preu, S. Wieder, M. Ruske

2AO. 1.5 Dry Etching and Texturing Processes for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Sustainability for Mass Production 423G. Agostinelli, H.F. W. Dekkers, S. De Wolf, G. Beaucarne

2AO. 1.6 Hydrogenation of Multicrystalline Silicon - The Story Continues 427G. Hahn, D. Sontag, S. Seren, A. Schonecker, R. Ginige, A.R. Burgers, K. Cherkaoui, D. Karg, H. Charifi

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2AO.2 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2AO.2.1 Silver® Modules - a Crystalline Silicon Technology of the Future 431A. W. Blakers, K.J. Weber, V. Everett, S. Deenapanray, J. Babaei, M. Stocks

2AO.2.2 Successful Processing of<200 urn Thin EFG Si Solar Cells 435J. Horzel, H. Nagel, B. Schum, G. Wahl, A. Seidl, P. Lenkeit, S. Bogus, B. Roth, W. Schmidt

2AO.2.3 Gettering and Passivation of Recombination Centres in N-Type Multicrystalline Silicon 439C. Schmiga, J. Schmidt, M. Ghosh, A. Metz, R. Hezel

2AO.2.4 Improved Screen Printing Process for Very Thin Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells 443F. Duerinckx, P. Choulat, G. Beaucarne, R.J.S. Young, M. Rose, J.A. Raby

2AO.2.5 Silicon Solar Cells with Screen Printed-Front Contact and Dielectrically Passivated, Laser-Fired RearElectrode 447E. Schneiderlochner, G. Emanuel, G. Grupp, H. Lautenschlager, A. Leimenstoll, S. W. Glunz, R. Preu, G.P.Willeke

2AO.2.6 Front Contact Silicon Solar Cell, a New Cell Structure for High Concentration Operation 451P. Gidon, M. Pirot, C. Jaussaud, A. Luque, I. Tobias, C. del Canizo, I. Anton, P. Benitez,J.C. Minano

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2AO.3 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2AO.3.1 Simplified Processing and Improved Efficiency of Crystalline Silicon on Glass Modules 455P.A. Basore

2AO.3.2 High-Throughput Continuous CVD Reactor for Silicon Deposition 459A. Hurrle, S. Reber, N. Schillinger

2AO.3.3 Series-Connection of Thin-Film Crystalline Si Solar Modules with a Single Metallisation Step 463B. Terheiden, R. Horbelt, A. Hammud, R. Auer, R. Brendel

2AO.3.4 Aluminium-Induced Crystallization of Silicon on High Temperature Substrates for Thin-Film CrystallineSilicon Solar Cells 467G. Beaucarne, D. Van Gestel, I. Gordon, L. Carnel, K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, C. Ornaghi, J. Poortmans, M.Stoger-Pollach, P. Schattschneider

2AO.3.5 Progress in High-Temperature Silicon Epitaxy Using the RTCVD160 Processor 471S. Reber, N. Schillinger, S. Bau, B. Waldenmayer

2AO.3.6 Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Foreign Substrates: The European Project Meteor 475S. Gall, J. Schneider, J. Klein, M. Muske, B. Rau, E. Conrad, I. Sieber, W. Fuhs, C. Ornaghi, D. VanGestel, I. Gordon, K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, G. Beaucarne, J. Poortmans, M. Stoger-Pollach, J. Bernardi, P.Schattschneider, Y. Wang, O. Van Der Biest

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2BO.1 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2BO. 1.1 Advanced Lifetime Spectroscopy - Methodology and Experimental Proof 479S. Rein, S. W. Glunz

2BO. 1.2 Limolit - A Novel Thermographic Characterisation Method for P/N Structures and Solar Cells 484M. Kaes, S. Seren, T. Pernau, G. Hahn

2BO.1.3 Impact of Iron Contamination in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Origins, Chemical States, and DeviceImpacts 488T. Buonassisi, M. Heuer, A.A. Istratov, M.A. Marcus, R. Jonczyk, B. Lai, Z. Cai, J. Isenberg, W. Warta, R.Schindler, E.R. Weber

2BO.1.4 Recombination Activity of Iron and Other Transition Metals in P- and N-Type Crystalline Silicon 492D. Mcdonald, L.J. Geerligs

2BO. 1.5 Mechanical and Electrical Characterisation of Thin Multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 496A. Schneider, E. Rueland, A. Kraenzl, P. Fath

2BO. 1.6 Temperature Dependent Carrier Lifetime Images 500M. Schubert, J. Isenberg, S. Rein, W. Warta

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2BO.2 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2BO.2.1 Alternatives to Boron-Doped Czochralski for Silicon Solar Cell Processing 504S. Diez, J. Vedde, Y.G. Shoulga, T.V. Vlasenko, S.W. Glunz, W. Warta, G.P. Willeke

2BO.2.2 Limitations of the Carrier Lifetime in Boron-Doped Oxygen-Contaminated Crystalline Silicon 508K. Bo the, J. Schmidt, R. Hezel, R. Sin ton, T. Abe

2BO.2.3 Experimental Evaluation of P Gettering Process Step on Light Induced Degradation in CZ Si 512L.J. Caballero, C. del Caftizo, A. Luque

2BO.2.4 Thermal Degradation and Gettering of Solar Grade Multicrystalline Silicon 516O. Schultz, S. Riepe, S. W. Glunz

2BO.2.5 Evaluating Silicon Blocks and Ingots with Quasi-Steady-State Lifetime Measurements 520R.A. Sinton, T. Mankad, S. Bowden, N. Enjalbert

2BO.2.6 Extra-Exceptional High Carrier Lifetimes in GA-Doped mc-Si Wafers. Toward Millisecond Range 524M. Dhamrin, H. Hashigami, K. Kamisako, T. Saitoh, T. Eguchi, T. Hirasawa, I. Yamaga

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2BO.3 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2BO.3.1 Transport Systems for Industrial In-Line Diffusion of Silicon Solar Cells 528D. Biro, R. Preu, G.P. Willeke, D. Untiedt, G. Wandel, J. Gentischer

2BO.3.2 16% MC-SI Cell Efficiencies Using Industrial In-Line Processing 532A.W. Weeber, A.R. Burgers, M.J.A.A. Goris, M. Koppes, E.J. Kossen, H.C. Rieffe, W.J. Soppe, C.J.J. Tool,J.H. Bultman

2BO.3.3 Towards 20% Efficient Industrial Silicon Solar Cells 536C. del Canizo, L.J. Caballero, A. Luque, R. Russell, S. Roberts, S. Gledhill, T. Bruton, J. Vedde, L. Jensen,Y.G. Shoulga, TV. Vlasenko, S. Diez, S. Glunz, W. Warta

2BO.3.4 High-Volume Manufacturing of >17% Efficient CZ Silicon Solar Cells 540H. Nagel, B. Lenkeit, G. Wahl, H. Flodl, W. Schmidt, F. Schomann

2BO.3.5 Inline Plasma Etching of Silicon Oxides and Nitrides for Dry processing in Silicon Solar Cells Fabrication 544K. Roth, J. Rentsch, F. Binaie, C. Schetter, R. Preu, H. Schlemm

2BO.3.6 High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells for Production at Shell Solar 548L. Mandrell, N. Deyirmencian, K.T. Holdermann, K.A. Munzer, R.E. Schlosser

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2DO.1 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2DO. 1.1 Silicon Ribbon via a Mesa Crucible: a New Concept in Ribbon Growth for Low Cost Solar Cells 552E. Sachs, D. Harvey, R. Janoch, A. Anselmo, D. Miller, J.I. Hanoka

2DO. 1.2 Development of a New Process for Cost Effective Solar Grade Silicon from Silane 556A. Miiller, H Kirchner, T. Sill, R. Sonnenschein, A. Golz

2DO. 1.3 Larger Ingots for Multicrystalline Solar Silicon Wafers 560M. Ghosh, T. Bohr, A. Miiller

2DO. 1.4 Granular Polysilicon Deposition from Trichlorosilane Using a Fluidized Bed Reactor 564D. Weidhaus, E. Schindlbeck, K. Hesse

2DO. 1.5 Solar Grade Silicon from Metallurgical Route 568K. Friestad, C. Zahedi, E. Enebakk, M.G. Dolmen, J. Heide, K. Engvoll, T. Buseth, R. Tronstad, C. Dethloff

2DO.1.6 Reuse of Silicon 572K. Wambach

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2DO.2 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2DO.2.1 Industrial PECVD Silicon Nitride: Surface and Bulk Passivation of Silicon Wafers 576S. Winderbaum, A. Cuevas, F. Chen, J. Tan, K. Hanton, D. Macdonald, K. Roth

2DO.2.2 Comprehensive Study of Rapid Thermal Firing for Industrial Production of Crystalline Silicon Thick-FilmSolar Cells 580D.M. Huljic, G. Grupp, J. Horzel, R. Preu

2DO.2.3 Large Area (N) a-Si:H/(P) C-SI Heterojunction Solar Cells with Low Temperature Screen Printed Contacts 584D. Borchert, T. Brammer, O. Voigt, H. Stiebig, A. Gronbach, M. Rinio, A. Kenanoglu, G.P. Willeke, H.Windgassen, W.A. Nositschka, H. Kurz

2DO.2.4 Porous Silicon as an Intermediate Layer for Heterojunction Solar Cells on P-Type Si Crystalline Substrates 588A. Ulyashin, R. Bilyalov, L. Camel, K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, D. Grambole, A. Bruck, M. Scherff, E.Monakhov, A. Yu. Kuznetsov, B.G. Svensson, G. Beaucarne, J. Poortmans

2DO.2.5 Basic Electronic Properties of a-SI:H/C-Si Heterostructure Solar Cells 592M. Schmidt, L. Korte, K. Kliefoth, A. Schoepke, R. Stangl, A. Laades, E. Conrad, K. Brendel, W. Fuhs, M.Scherff, W. Fahrner

2DO.2.6 Progress on PV Module Processing Based on Silicon Heterostructures - Mophet 596F. Ferrazza, W. Schmidt, H.v. Campe, A. Seidl, J. Cdrabe, J.J. Gandia, F. Roca, M. Tucci, E. Bobeico, A.Bjorseth, E. Sauar, J.E. Cotter, J.H. Guo

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2DO.3 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2DO.3.1 Issues Encounted in the Manufacture of 125 urn Thick, 26% Efficient Silicon Solar Cells inMicroelectronics Foundries 600A. Slade, R. Gordon, V. Garboushian

2DO.3.2 Thermal Oxidation Processes for High-Efficiency Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells 604O. Schultz, S.W. Glunz, J.C. Goldschmidt, H. Lautenschlager, A. Leimenstoll, E. Schneiderlochner, G.P.Willeke

2DO.3.3 Comprehensive Experimental Study On The Performance of Very Thin Laser-Fired High-Efficiency SolarCells 608D. Kray, H. Kampwerth, E. Schneiderlochner, A. Grohe, F.J. Kamerewerd, A. Leimenstoll, D. Osswald, E.Schdffer, S. Seitz, S. Wassie, S.W. Glunz, G.P. Willeke

2DO.3.4 High Efficiency Buried Contact Solar Cells on Multi-Crystalline Silicon: an Industrial Reality 612M. McCann, I. Melnyk, E. Wefringhaus, A. Hauser, P. Fath, S. Roberts T. Bruton, D. Jordan

2DO.3.5 Over 17% High Efficiency Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Process for Large Scale Production 616K. Shirasawa, N. Matsushima, T. Sakamoto, Y. Inomata, S. Fujii, M. Tsuchida, K. Niira, M. Yamatani, K.Fukui

2DO.3.6 The Selection and Performance of Monocrystalline Silicon Substrates for Commercially Viable 20%Efficient, LID-Free Solar Cells 620N.B. Mason, T.M. Bruton, S. Gledhill, K.C. Heasman, O. Hartley, C Morilla, S. Roberts

VISUAL PRESENTATIONS 2CV.1 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2CV. 1.1 Photoluminescence in Oxidised Black Silicon Surface as Applied to Large Area Solar Cells 624J. Yoo, I.O. Parm, D. V. Marin, Y. Kim, D. Mangalaraj, J. Yi

2CV. 1.2 Phosphor Diffusion Gettering and Emitter Optimisation of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 628L. Janfien, W.A. Nositschka, O. Voigt, H Kurz

2CV. 1.3 Investigation of Material-Induced-Shunts in Block-Cast Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Caused by SiCPrecipitate Filaments 632M. Hejjo AlRifai, O. Breitenstein, J.P. Rakotoniaina, M. Werner, A. Kaminski, N. Le Quang

2CV. 1.4 Emitter Optimization of MC-Silicon Solar Cells by Using Dry Etching Technique 636A.S. Kagilik, W.A. Nositschka, O. Voigt, H. Kurz

2CV. 1.5 Detection of Cracks in Silicon Wafers and Solar Cells by Lock-in Ultrasound Thermography 640J.P. Rakotoniaina, O. Breitenstein, M. Hejjo Al Rifai, D. Franke, A. Schneider

2CV. 1.6 Light Trapping in Thick Silicon Solar Cells 644L. Abenante, S. De Iuliis

2CV.1.7 Simple Analytical Model for Depletion Region in Arbitrarily Doped Silicon Solar Cells under Low-LevelInjection Conditions 647L. Abenante, S. De Iuliis

2CV. 1.8 Piecewise Fitting of Illuminated Current-Voltage Characteristics and Comparison with Other Procedures 651M. Haouari-Merbah, I. Tobias, J.M. Ruiz

2CV. 1.9 Performance Degradation of Silicon Solar Cells Triggered by Carrier Recombination 655K. Bothe, J. Schmidt

2CV. 1.10 Interrelationship Between Diameter and Characteristics of Silicon Spherical Solar Cell 659N. Kumagai, T. Inoue, I. Inagawa, H. Kikuchi, N. Kogo, K. Taira, N. Kuratani, J. Nakata

2C V. 1.11 Local Characterization of Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers and Solar Cells 663V. Schlosser, P. Bajons, R. Ebner, J. Summhammer, G. Klinger

2CV. 1.12 Conversion of Commercial SI Solar Cells to Keep Their Efficient Performance at 15 Suns 666J. Coello, M. Castro, I. Anton, G. Sala, L.J. Caballero

2C V. 1.13 Production Experience and Lifetime Investigations of Industrially Fabricated P-Type CZ-Silicon SolarCells 670J. Rentsch, W. Sparber, S. Peters, H. Neuhaus, S. W. Glunz, R. Preu, R. Ludemann

2C V. 1.14 Illuminated Lock-In Thermagraphy (ILT) - New Method for Spatially Resolved Assessment of PowerLosses in Solar Cells 674J. Isenberg, W. Warta

2C V. 1.15 Spatially Resolved Surface Recombination Velocity of Multicrystalline Silicon Used for Solar Cells 678O. Palais, A. Arcari, M. Lemiti, S. Martinuzzi

2CV. 1.17 Lock-in Thermography Analysis of Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on P-Type Silicon Substrates 682A. Ulyashin, P. Rakotoniaina, O. Breitenstein, R. Bilyalov, M. Scherff, G. Beaucarne, J. Poortmans

2CV. 1.18 Characterisation of Interfaces in Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by SurfacePhotovoltage Spectroscopy 686R. Stangl, D. Schaffarzik, A. Laades, K. Kliefoth, M. Schmidt, W. Fuhs

2C V. 1.19 I(V)-Characteristic of Si Thin-Film Solar Cells within a Monolithically Series-Interconnected SOI Module:Measurement and Simulation 690S. Peters, R. Leihkauf H.G. Wagemann, C. Boit

2CV. 1.20 Effect of Grooving-Based Rear Buried Contacts on Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Performances 694M. Ben Rabha, M.F. Boujmil, M. Saadoun, B. Bessais, H. Ezzaouia, R. Bennaceur

2CV. 1.21 Interface Properties of a-Si: H/c-Si Heterojunctions Investigated by Admittance Spectroscopy 697A.S. Gudovskikh, J-P. Kleider, M. Stangl, R. Schmidt, W. Fuhs

2CV. 1.22 Contact Optimisation on Lowly Doped Emitters Using the Corescan on Non-uniform Emitter Cells 701A.S.H. van der Heide, M.J.A.A. Goris

2CV. 1.23 Degradation of Si-based Solar Cells Caused by CrGa- and FeGa-Pairs 705S. Beljakowa, D. Karg, G. Pensl, J. Schmidt

2CV. 1.24 Determination of the Oxygen, Carbon and Vacancy Concentration in Solar-Grade Silicon and Correlationwith the Hydrogen Diffusivity 709D. Karg, H Charifi, G. Pensl, M. Schulz, G. Hahn

2C V. 1.25 First Results of the Solarcentre Erfurt - A New Partner in Photovoltaic Research 713S. Dauwe, L. Mittelstddt, A. Lowerenz, H.J. Freitag, C. Beneking, H. Aulich

2CV. 1.26 Quasi Steady-State and Transient PCD Lifetime Measurements in Silicon Materials for PhotovoltaicConcentration Devices, a Comparison with the Transverse Probe Technique 717S. Daliento, A. Irace, L. Mele, A. Sanseverino

2CV. 1.27 Influence of Grid Finger and Bus Bar Structure on the Performance of Rear-Line-Contacted ConcentratorCells 721A. Mohr, M. Hermle, T. Roth, S. W. Glunz

2CV. 1.28 Fast Estimation of Surface Recombination Parameters in c-Si Passivated with Dielectric Films 725M. Garin, I. Martin, M. Vetter, A. Orpella, J. Puigdollers, C. Voz, R. Alcubilla

2CV. 1.29 Resistance-topography of p- and n-Type EFG Si-Wafers by the Four-Point Probe Technique 729S. Beljakowa, D. Karg, G. Pensl, M. Schulz, H.v. Campe, C. Schmiga

2CV. 1.31 Accurate Determination of Bulk Lifetime and Surface Recombination Velocity by a ComprehensiveThinning Experiment 733H. Kampwerth, S. Rein, S. Glunz

2CV. 1.32 Comparative Experimental Characterisation Between Asymmetric Compound Parabolic PhotovoltaicConcentrator and Flat Non-Concentrating System 738T.K. Mallick, P.C. Eames, T.J. Hyde, B. Norton

2CV. 1.33 Analysis of Electronic Properties at Grain Boundary of Poly-Si Thin Film Solar Cells Deposited withNucleation Control Using Intermittent Supply Method 742T. Yamazaki, Y. Matsumura, Y. Uraoka, T. Fuyuki

2CV. 1.34 Minority Carrier Lifetime Evolution at Heat Treatments or Hydrogenation of Silicon Substrates 746A. Ulyashin, R. Bilyalov, H.F. W. Dekkers, S. De Wolf, K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, L. Carnel, G. Beaucarne, J.Poortmans

2CV. 1.35 Characterisation of the Thermal Response of Sliver® Cells and Modules 750J. Babaei, A. Blakers, P. Deenapanray, V. Everett, M. Stocks, K.J. Weber

2CV. 1.36 Modelling of Sliver® Modules Incorporating a Lambertian rear Reflector 754V. Everett, J. Babaei, P.N.K. Deenapanray, K.J. Weber, A. Blakers, M. Stocks

2CV.1.37 Effective Excess Carrier Lifetimes Exceeding 100 Milliseconds in Float Zone Silicon Determined fromPhotoluminescence 758T. Trupke, R.A. Bardos, F. Hudert, P. Wiirfel, J. Zhao, A. Wang, M.A. Green

2CV. 1.38 Defects in the Deteriorated Border Layer of Block-Cast Multicrystalline Silicon Ingots 762M. Rinio, C. Ballif T. Buonassisi, D. Borchert

2C V. 1.39 Improvement of Minority Carrier Diffusion Length in Solar Grade Silicon: a New Method 766M. Hassen, M. Hajji, A. Ben Jaballah, N. Khedher, W. Dimassi, H. Ezzaouia, B. Bessais, A. Selmi, H.Bouchriha

2CV. 1.40 Nafion® Polymer Film as a Low-Temperature Passivation for Lifetime Measurements on Silicon Wafers 769G. Stokkan, J. Isenberg, D. Biro, W. Warta, G. Hagen

2CV. 1.41 Numerical Modelling and Optimistaion of n-i-p-i-p+ Hit Solar Cells Based on mc-Si, a-Si and uc-Si 773M. Vukadinovic, G. Cernivec, J. Krc, G. Agostinelli, H.D. Goldbach, R.E.I. Schropp, F. Smole, M. Topic

2CV. 1.42 Factory Design Concepts: Process Yield Equation for a New High Efficiency Silicon Solar CellsFabrication Process 777F. Ferrazza, M. Zarcone, L. Pirozzi, S. De Iuliis

2CV. 1.43 Buried Contact Solar Cell Process Monitoring Using Lock-in Thermography 781J. Arumughan, T. Pernau

2CV. 1.44 Towards Optimised Screen Printed Emitters 785/. Freire, L. Perez, K. Varner, V. Rodriguez, F. Recart, R. Gutierrez

2CV. 1.45 Evaluation of the Recombination of Industrial Emitters Using Photoconductance Measurements 789L. Perez, I. Freire, K. Varner, R. Lago, G. Bueno, J. C. Jimeno

2CV. 1.46 Modelling of Directional Crystallization of Silicon Ingots - Heat Transfer and Experimental Validation 793E.A. Meese, E.J. Ovrelid, H. Laux, M. M'Hamdi

2CV. 1.47 Characterization of Recycled Solar Silicon Wafers 797S. Hahn, K. Niemietz, H.J. Moller, K. Wambach

2CV. 1.48 Stability Test on CZ and Tri-Silicon Wafers with Different Surface Morphologies 801D. Sontag, G. Hahn, A. Schneider

2CV.1.49 Mapping of Silicon Carbide and Silicon Nitride Precipitates on Chemical Mechanically Polished mc-Silicon Wafers 804O. Mjos, G. Stokkan, A-K. Soiland, L. Arnberg

2CV. 1.50 Characterization of Screen Printed Phosphorus and Boron Diffusion Paste for Silicon Solar Cells 808J. Salami, K. McVicker, T. Pham, C. Khadilkar, A. Shaikh

2CV. 1.51 u-Crack Detection and other Optical Characterisation Techniques for In-Line Inspection of Wafers andCells 810E. Rueland, S. Recht, S. Wansleben, H. Feist, P. Fath

2CV.1.52 Current Transport Mechanism in Printed AGThick Film Contacts to an N-Type Emitter of a CrystallineSilicon Solar Cell 813G. Schubert, F. Huster, P. Fath

2CV. 1.53 Suitability Tests for Solar Cell Measurements in the Final Quality Check of an Industrial ProductionProcess 8 1 7

D.H. Neuhaus, F. Dreckschmidt, R. Ludemann

2CV. 1.54 Micro-Defects and Impurities in Cast-Grown Polycrystalline Si 821Y. Ohshita, Y. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, T. Tachibana, H.S. Lee, V.K. Tuong, K. Arafune, S. Tanaka, K.L.Narayanan, M. Yamaguchi

2CV. 1.55 Determination of Parameters of Minority Charge Carriers in Si Solar Cells 825R.R. Vardanyan, G.A. Martirosyan, V.R. Vardanyan, G.E. Ayvazyan

2CV. 1.56 Numerical Modelling of Rear Junction Si Solar Cells Using Fermi-Dirac Statistics 828N-P. Harder, P.P. Altermatt, A. Cuevas, G. Heiser

2CV. 1.57 Shunts in Silicon Solar Cells Below Screen Printed Silver Contacts 832F. Huster, S. Seren, G. Schubert, M. Kaes, G. Hahn, O. Breitenstein

2CV. 1.58 Low Growth Temperature Avoiding the Degradation of Solar Cell Property on Silicon Crystals by LPEMethod 836T. Ujihara, Y. Satoh, K. Obara, W. Pan, K. Fujiwara, N. Usami, T. Shishido, K. Nakajima

2CV. 1.59 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Silicon Solar Cell Technologies 840E.A. Alsema, M.J. de Wild-Scholten

2CV. 1.61 Light Trapping in SunPower's A-300 Solar Cells 844K.R. Mclntosh, N.C. Shaw, J.E. Cotter

2CV. 1.62 Evaluation of Dopant Sources and Deposition Methods Suitable for In-Line Diffusion in the PV Industry 848C. Voyer, D. Biro, G. Emanuel, R. Preu, J. Koriath, H. Wanka

2CV. 1.63 Quality Control for Advanced Solar Cell Production Lines: the Wafer Incoming Inspection 852P. Fath, E. Rue land, A. Schneider, S. Wansleben, T. Pavelka

VISUAL PRESENTATIONS 2CV.2 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2CV.2.1 Double Sided SINX Passivation for Thin Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells 857W.A. Nositschka, A. Kenanoglu, H. Windgassen, L. Janfien, D. Borchert, H. Kurz

2CV.2.2 Texturisation of Silicon in TEAH 860R. Chaoui, Y. Si Ahmed

2CV.2.3 Development of C-Si Solar Cells for Low Illumination Applications 864C-J. Huang, C.T. Chen, C.S. Huang, S.C. Lin, M.T. Kuo, Y.R. Lin, L.C. Kuo

2CV.2.4 P+N Silicon Junction Solar Cells Prepared by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation 868D. Barakel, S. Martinuzzi, N. Rodriguez, H. Faik, F. Torregrosa

2CV.2.5 Multicrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells on Glass 872G. Andrd, J. Bergmann, F. Falk, E. Ose

2CV.2.6 Fast Acquisition of the Characteristics of Silicon Concentrator Solar Cells 876T. Roth, A. Mohr, S. W. Glunz

2CV.2.7 On the Photon-Enhanced Diffusion of Phosphorus in Silicon Wafers during Rapid Isothermal Processing 880S. Peters, P-E. Hickel, J. Horzel, S. Noel, R. Preu

2CV.2.8 Study of Sodium Carbonate Solutions for Low Cost Texturization on Large-Area Crystalline Silicon SolarCells 884N. Marrero, B. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Borchert, C. Hernandez-Rodriguez, R. Guerrero-Lemus

2CV.2.10 Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterostructure Solar Cell: Simulation and Experiment 887G. de Cesare, D. Caputo, M. Tucci

2CV.2.11 Dry Phosphorus Silicate Glass Etching for Crystalline Si Solar Cells 891J. Rentsch, F. Binaie, C. Schetter, H. Schlemm, K. Roth, D. Theirich, R. Preu

2CV.2.12 Reactivity of Crystalline Silicon in the System HF-HNO3-H2O (a Novel Study) 895/. Rover, G. Roewer, K. Bohmhammel, K. Wambach

2CV.2.13 Emitter Formation at RIE Textured Surfaces 899K.H. Diefenbach, K. Erler, A. Mrwa, S. Denissov, G. Ebest, U. Rindelhardt

2CV.2.14 High-Throughput Epitaxial Reactor Prototype for Thin-Film Si Solar Cells on Low-Grade Si Substrates 903H.J. Rodriguez, J.C. Zamorano, I. Tobias, C. del Cafiizo, A. Luque

2CV.2.15 Passivation of Defects in Mc-Si and EFG-Si by Hydrogen Release from Low Frequency and RemotePECVD Silicon Nitride 907J. Henze, C. Schmiga, J. Schmidt, R. Hezel

2CV.2.16 Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Inclusion Formation during Crystallisation of Multi-Crystalline Silicon 911A-K. Soiland, E-J. Qvrelid, O. Lohne, J.K. Tuset, T.A. Engh, 0. Gjerstad

2CV.2.17 Optimised Adaptive Back Contacted Solar Cells 915E. Van Kerschaver, C. A Hebe, G. Beaucarne

2CV.2.18 Recombination-Active Defect Centers in Oxygen-Contaminated and Boron-Doped Czochralski Silicon 919T. Frank, H. Charifi, D. Karg, G. Pensl, M. Schulz

2CV.2.19 Alternative Silicon for Solar Cells (ASIS): A German Research Network Project 923D. Karg, K. Roy, W. Koch

2CV.2.20 Effects of Different Firing Profiles on Layer Characteristics and Passivation Properties of Industrial ETPDeposited Silicon Nitride Films 927A.J.M. Van Erven, R.C.M. Bosch, A.W. Weeber, M.D. Bijker

2CV.2.21 A Zone Melting Recrystallisation (ZMR) Processor for 400 mm Wide Samples 931A. Eyer, F. Haas, T. Kieliba

2CV.2.22 Phosphorus Diffusion and Gettering in Multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Processing 935A. Bentzen, E.S. Marstein, R. Kopecek, A. Holt

2CV.2.24 Comparison of Alkaline and Acidic Texturing Properties on Mc-Si Solar Cells 939J. Coello, C. del Cahizo, L.J. Caballero, A. Luque

2CV.2.25 Electrochemical Macroporous Texturization of Polix Mc-Si Solar Cells 943S. Bastide, N. Le Quang, S. Lust, L. Korte, C. Vard, C. Levy-Clement

2CV.2.26 Black Power® Technology - A Path Towards Higher Efficiency in Industrial Silicon Solar Cell Production 947C. Beneking, S. Dauwe, M. Zippel, L. Mittelstddt

2CV.2.27 Beneficial Impact of Low-Frequency PECVD SiNx: H-Induced Hydrogenation in High-Efficiency StringRibbon Silicon Solar Cells 951V. Yelundur, A. Rohatgi, J.I. Hanoka, R. Reedy

2CV.2.28 Surface Passivation and Contact Resistance on Various Emitters of Screen-Printed Crystalline Silicon SolarCells 955M. Bahr, S. Dauwe, L. Mittelstddt, J. Schmidt, G. Gobsch

2CV.2.29 Increasing Eco Efficiency in the Mass Production of Silicon Solar Cells - A Project Combining ProductQuality, Cost and Environmental Issues 959R. Ludemann, A. Tilg, M. Meyer, K. Eberhardt

2CV.2.30 Towards 300 mV Alicia Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells on Glass 963A. Straub, P.I. Widenborg, A.B. Sproul, Y. Huang, P. Campbell, A.G. Aberle

2CV.2.33 Advancements in the Development of Back Contact Cell Manufacturing Processes 967H Haverkamp, H. Knauss, E. Rueland, P. Fath, W. Joos, M. Klenk, C. Marckmann, L. Weber, H.Nussbaumer, H. Burkhardt

2CV.2.34 Solar Cells on N-Type Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers by Industrial Processing Techniques 970C.J.J. Tool, H.C. Rieffe, R. Kinderman, R. Kopececk, K. Wambach, L.J. Geerligs

2CV.2.35 New Technology for Solar-Grade Silicon Production 974S.M. Karabanov, E. Trunin, O. Trunina

2CV.2.36 Innovative and Efficient Production Processes for Silicon Solar Cells and Modules - SOLPRO IV 978R. Preu, G. Emanuel, D. Untiedt, S. Klappert, H. Schmidhuber, D. Biro, C. Voyer, W. Wolke, E.Schneiderlochner

2CV.2.37 Very High Frequency PECVD SiNx:H for Fast Deposition of Anti-Reflection Coating and Passivation ofMc-Si Solar Cells 982H. Dekkers, S. De Wolf, G. Agostinelli, G. Beaucarne, F. Stahr, U. Stephan, J. Kuske, K. Schade

2CV.2.38 Increased Wafer Yield for Solar Cells in Top and Bottom Regions of Cast Multicrystalline Silicon 9865. Riepe, M. Ghosh, A. Miiller, H. Lautenschlager, D. Grote, W. Warta, R. Schindler

2CV.2.39 Optimisation of Silicon Nitride Layer to Avoid Parasitic Shunting in Back Contacted OECO Solar Cells 990J. W. Miiller, A. Merkle, R. Hezel

2CV.2.40 Advances in Manufacturable High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells Based on the OECO Technology 994R. Hezel, R. Meyer, J. W. Miiller

2CV.2.41 Boron-Back Surface Field with Spin-on Dopants by Rapid Thermal Processing 998J. Lee, S. W. Glunz

2CV.2.42 200 Micron Thin EFG Silicon Wafers for Solar Cells 1002A. Seidl, J.P. Kalejs, B.H. Mackintosh, W. Schmidt, I. Schwirtlich

2CV.2.43 Structural and Passivating Properties of SiNx:H Deposited Using Different Precursor Gases 1005A.W. Weeber, H.S. Rieffe, W.C. Sinke, W.J. Soppe

2CV.2.44 High-Quality Mc-Si Wafers for High-Efficiency Solar Cells 1009A. W. Weeber, H. Tathgar, F. Huster, M.J.A.A. Goris, L.J. Geerligs, 0 Gjerstad, B. Terheiden, M. McCann,P. Fath

2CV.2.45 Properties of N-Type Multicrystalline Silicon: Lifetime, Gettering and H-Passivation 1013J. Libal, T. Buck, R. Kopecek, P. Fath, K. Wambach, M. Acciarri, S. Binetti, L.J. Geerligs

2CV.2.46 Refining of Metallurgical Silicon for Crystalline Solar Cells 1017E. Fourmond, C. Ndzogha, D. Pelletier, Y. Delannoy, C. Trassy, Y. Caratini, Y. Baluais, R. Einhaus, S.Martinuzzi, I. Perichaud

2CV.2.47 Hydrogen Passivation of Iron in Multicrystalline Silicon 1021A. Azzizi, L.J. Geerligs, D. Macdonald

2CV.2.48 Cost Reduction in Mass Production of Large Dimension Multi-Crystalline Solar Cells by Introduction ofLYDOP® Process 1025G. Goaer, N. Le Quang, C. Bourcheix, Y. Pellegrin, J. C. Loretz, S. Martinuzzi, I. Perichaud, F. Warchol

2CV.2.49 Easy & Simple Silicon Solar Cell Concept for Concentrated Sunlight 1029B. Terheiden, N. Gawehns, M. McCann, J. Strumpfel, P. Fath

2CV.2.50 Surface Passivation with SiNx:H for Rear Side Locally Contracted Si Solar Cells 1033S. De Wolf, G. Agostinelli, G. Beaucarne

2CV.2.51 Silicon Nitride-Silicon Oxide Stacks for Solar Cell Rear Side Passivation 1037M. Hofmann, E. Schneiderlochner, W. Wolke, R. Preu

2CV.2.52 Low Cost Me Silicon Solar Cells with Spray-/Roll-on Emitter 1041A. Krdnzl, R. Kopecek, K. Peter, E. Rueland, P. Fath

2CV.2.53 New Approach for Firing Optimisation in Crystalline Silicon Cell Technology 1044J. Hoornstra, A. van der Heide, A. W. Weeber, F. Granek

2CV.2.54 Thick-Film Buried Contact Solar Cells as a Future Trend for Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 1048A. Hauser, A. Herguth, P. Fath

2CV.2.55 Local BSF Contacts for High Efficiency Production Solar Cells 1052K.A. Miinzer, K-H. Eisenrith, A.M. Froitzheim, W.W. Kriihler, R.E. Schlosser, R. Tolle, M.G. Winstel

2CV.2.56 Industrial Manufacturing Process of Silicon TWT Solar Cell 1056JR. Gutierrez, F. Hernando, J.C. Jimeno, S. Uriarte

2CV.2.57 17% Efficient Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Rear Thermal Oxide Passivation 1060C. Schmiga, H. Nagel, S. Steckemetz, R. Hezel

2CV.2.58 Towards 16% Efficient EFG-Ribbon Silicon Solar Cells 1064A. Metz, S. Bogus, J. Horzel, J.D. Moschner, P. Roth, B. Schum, A. Seidl, J.P. Kalejs, W. Schmidt, 1.Schwirtlich, W. Hoffmann

2CV.2.59 Ultra-Large 20x20cm2 Multi-Crystalline Solar Cells First Experiments and Limits for Industrial Solar CellProduction IQ68E. Rueland, B. Herzog, A. Schneider, A. Krdnzl, T. Pernau, I. Melnyk, E. Wefringhaus, P. Fath

2CV.2.60 Influence of BSF Thickness and Al-Gettering Steps on IQE and Cell Parameters in Mc-Si Solar Cells 1071G. Hahn, P. Geiger, G. Schubert

2CV.2.61 PV-FZ® - a Cost Effective Route to High Efficiency Solar Cells? 1075J. Vedde, L. Jensen, T. Larsen, T. Clausen

2CV.2.63 A Vision for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 1078R.M. Swanson

2CV.2.64 Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Nitride with Strongly Enhanced Deposition Rate 1082J. Moschner, J. Schmidt, R. Hezel

2CV.2.65 Deposition of A-SINX:H On Solar Cells at 13.56 MHz 1086A. Kenanoglu, D. Borchert, M. Rinio, M. Abusnina, S. Diez

ICW.l.dd Na2CO3 as an Alternative to NaOH/IPA for Texturisation of Monocrystalline Silicon 1090/. Melnyk, E. Wefringhaus, M. McCann, A. Helfricht, A. Hauser, P. Fath

2CV.2.67 Acidic Texturisation of Mc-Si Using a High Throughput In-Line Prototype System with no OrganicChemistry 1094A. Hauser, I. Melnyk, E. Wefringhaus, F. Delahaye, G. Vilsmeier, P. Fath

2CV.2.69 High-throughput PECVD Production Tool for In-Line Silicon-Nitride Deposition on Silicon Solar Cells 1098R.C.M. Bosch, W.T.M. Stals, A.J.M. van Erven, R.L.J.R. Pennings, M.D. Bijker

2CV.2.70 New Type Multicrystalline Si Substrate for PV Application 1103M. Mizutani, S. Ishihara, S. Nishida, T. Murakami, T. Yoshino, N. Ukiyo, M. Iwane, Y. Iwasaki, H. Sato, K.Nakagawa

2CV.2.71 Wet Processing of Crystalline Si Wafers: Comparison of Batch and Inline Systems 1107J. Osterkamp, G. Knoch

VISUAL PRESENTATIONS 2CV.3 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Material Technology

2CV.3.1 Fabrication of Large Area Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using Spin on Doping (SOD) 1110K. Kim, B. Karunagaran, D. Mangalaraj, S.K. Dhungel, S. Hwang, H. Kim, J. Yi

2CV.3.2 ICP CVD Grown Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films for Heterojunction Solar Cells 1114D.Y. Kim, K. Kim, S.K. Dhungel, B. Karunagaran, M. Gowtham, I.O. Parm, D. Mangalaraj, J. Yi

2CV.3.3 The Way to High-Efficiency, Low Cost Solar Cells Through Thin Wafer Slicing by Means of Wire Saw 1118P. Nash, N. Cherradi, A. Miiller, C. Seifert, B. Geyer

2CV.3.5 Influence of Saw Damage Etching on the Mechanical Stability of Multicrystalline Wafers 1123H. Behnken, R. Tiefers, W. Kriihler, A. Froitzheim, G. Hahn, D. Francke

2CV.3.6 Realisation of Interdigitated Back Contacts Solar Cells on Thin Epitaxially Grown Silicon Layers onPorous Silicon 1127O. Nichiporuk, A. Kaminski, J. Kraiem, S. Quoizola, A. Fave, M. Lemiti

2CV.3.7 Epitaxial Si Growth on Polycrystalline Si Seed Layers at Low Temperature 1131B. Rau, J. Schneider, M. Muske, I. Sieber, S. Gall, M. Stoger-Pollach, P. Schattschneider, W. Fuhs

2CV.3.8 Aluminium-Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon: The Influence of the Aluminium Layer on theProcess 1 1 3 5

J. Klein, J. Schneider, M. Muske, S. Gall, W. Fuhs

2CV.3.10 Tungsten Silicide as Supporting Layer for Electron Beam Recrystallized Silicon Solar Cells on Glass 1139N. Linke, F. Gromball, J. Heemeier, J. Miiller

2CV.3.11 Zone Melting Recrystallisation of Silicon Thick Films on Glass Substrates with a Regulated Line ShapedElectron Beam 1142F. Gromball, J. Heemeier, N. Linke, J. Miiller

2CV.3.12 Aluminium-Induced Crystallisation of Amorphous Silicon: Interface Influence on Grain Growth 1145J. Schneider, J. Klein, M. Muske, K. Hiibener, S. Gall, W. Fuhs

2CV.3.13 Sliver ® Cells for Concentrator Systems 1149E. Franklin, A. Blakers

2CV.3.14 Virtual Production Line for the Manufacturing of Screen-Printed Solar Cells 1153S.R. Wenham, A. Bruce

2CV.3.15 Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of Silicon Thin Film Using Liquid Phase Epitaxy for PhotovoltaicApplications 1158J. Kraiem, A. Fave, A. Kaminski, M. Lemiti, I. Jozwik, J.M. Olchowik

2CV.3.16 Spherical Silicon Solar Cells with Anti-Reflective Coating Prepared by Liquid Phase Deposition 1162T. Minemoto, M. Murozono, I. Yamaguchi, H. Takakura, Y. Hamakawa

2CV.3.17 The CEP Cell: Concentrator Silicon Solar Cell for Back Contacting 1166M. Castro, G. Sola

2CV.3.18 Surface Passivation of Crystalline Silicon Wafers by Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Probed by TimeResolved Surfarce Photovoltage and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy 1170A. Laades, K. Kliefoth, L. Korte, K. Brendel, R. Stangl, M. Schmidt, W. Fuhs

2CV.3.19 Large Area RF Deposition of Thin Films for Silicon Solar Cells 1174D. Borchert, A. Gronbach, B. Schaefer, M. Rinio, M. Abusnina, A. Kenanoglu, G.P. Willeke

2CV.3.20 Epitaxial Si Thin Films by High-Temperature CVD 1178K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, F. Duerinckx, R. Bilyalov, H. Dekkers, G. Beaucarne, J. Poortmans

2CV.3.21 Heterojunction Solar Cell on Multicrystalline Wafer with High Fill Factor 1182H.D. Goldbach, S. De Wolf, G. Agostinelli, R.E.I. Schropp

2CV.3.22 Development of Emitters Based on a-Si (n+)/a-Si (i)/ c-Si (p) Heterojunctions Through LifetimeSpectroscopy 1185/. Martin, M. Vetter, A. Orpella, J. Puigdollers, C. Voz, R. Alcubilla, J. Damon Lacoste, P. Roca iCabarrocas

2CV.3.23 Development of Solar Cells with Annealed a-Sio,8Co,2/c-Si Emitter 1189M. Vetter, R. Ferre, A. Orpella, I. Martin, J. Puigdollers, C. Voz, R. Alcubilla

2CV.3.24 Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass by Solid Phase Crystallization of In-Situ DopedEvaporated a-Si 1193D. Song, A. Straub, P. Widenborg, B. Vogl, P. Campbell, Y. Huang, A.G. Aberle

2CV.3.25 Poly-Silicon Sheets for Solar Cells Prepared by Die-Casting 1197S. Sakuragi, T. Shimasaki, G. Sakuragi, H. Nanba

2CV.3.26 "Liquinert": a New Concept for Shaped Crystal Growth 1201S. Sakuragi

2CV.3.27 Solid Phase Epitaxy of a-Si on AIC Poly-Si Seed Layers on Glass Substrates 1205P.I. Widenborg, A. Straub, Y. Huang, A.G. Aberle

2CV.3.28 Polycrystalline Silicon thin Film Solar Cells 1209W. Wang, Y. Xu, X. Li, H. Li

2CV.3.29 Sub-Micron Surface Texturing of Monocrystalline Silicon Thin Films Solar Cell Using Reactive IonEtching Method 1213Y. Takahashi, Y. Yamamoto, T. Yamazaki, Y. Uraoka, T. Fuyuki

2CV.3.30 PECVD-SIC as Intermediate Layer for Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Ceramic Substrates 1217S. Janz, S. Bau, F. Lutz, C. Schetter, S. Reber

2CV.3.32 Dielectric Asymmetric Compound Parabolic Photovoltaic Concentrator for Building Facade Integration 1221T.K. Mallick, PC Eames, T.J. Hyde

2CV.3.33 Electronic Properties of Low-temperature Epitaxial Si Grown by ECR-CVD 1225S. Brehme, U. Knipper, K. Petter, I. Sieber, B. Rau, K. Lips, W. Fuhs

2CV.3.34 Development of a Thin Film Silicon Benchmark Cell 1229/. Bollard, K. W.J. Barnham, J. Zhang, T. Bruton, S. Gledhill, S. Glunz

2CV.3.35 Embodied Energy of Sliver® Modules 1233P.N.K. Deenapanray, A.W. Blakers, K.J. Weber, V. Everett

2CV.3.36 Bifacial Heterostructures with Thin Amorphous Silicon Films Deposited by Hot-Wire CVD on CrystallineSilicon for Solar Cell Applications 1237C. Voz, D. Munoz, I. Martin, A. Orpella, M. Vetter, J. Puigdollers, R. Alcubilla, M. Fonrodona, D. Soler, J.Bertomeu, J. Andreu

2CV.3.37 Convection-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (CoCVD) of Silicon on a 40X40 cm2 Substrate forPhotovoltaics 1241T. Kunz, I. Burkert, R. Auer, R. Brendel, W. Buss, H.v. Campe, M. Schulz

2CV.3.38 Fine Line Printing: How to Reduce Contact Shadowing Without Increase Series Resitance 1244L. Pirozzi, S. De Iuliis, G. Arabito, M. Izzi, P. Mangiapane, E. Salza

2CV.3.39 16% Efficiency of a Simple Process Amorphous/Crystalline Heterojunction Solar Cell on a Textured P-TypeCz Wafer 1248M.L.D. Scherff, A.M. Froitzheim, W.R. Fahrner

2CV.3.40 Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films on Foreign Substrates Using AIC Seed Layer 1251E. Pihan, A. Slaoui, A. Focsa, P. Roca i Cabarrocas, H. Lezec

2CV.3.41 Low Cost P^NNT-Type Back Junction Solar Cells by Screen Printing Technique on Cz and Mc-Si Material 1255T. Buck, J. Libal, S. Eisert, R. Kopecek, K. Peter, P. Fath, K. Wambach

2CV.3.42 Thickness Reduction of Large Size High Efficiency Screen-Printed Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells -Possibilities and Limitations for Industrial Production 1259N. Le Quang, G. Goaer, F. Coustier, M. Gauthier, T. Duffar, Y. Delannoy, N. Mangelinck, F. Barvinschi

2CV.3.43 Effect of High Levels of Transition Metals on Silicon Film™ Sheet Silicon Material 1263R. Jonczyk, J.A. Rand, A.J. Grenko, J.G. Moyer

2CV.3.45 Towards Thinner Wafers by Multi-Wire Sawing 1266K. Funke, O. Sciurova, H.J. Moller, M. Stephan, K.J. Frohlich, C. Seifert, A. Bachmann, A. Miiller

2CV.3.46 Latest Developments in Spheral Solar™ Cell Process and Design 1270G. Stevens, M. Hammerbacher, P. Sharrock, B. Kachuik, A. Wullur, K. Zeaiter

2CV.3.48 Large Area Crystalline Silicon LPE Thin Film Solar Cells 1273C. Zahedi, E. Enebakk, M. Mueller, D. Kunz, R. Kopecek, K. Peter, C. Levy-Clement, S. Bastide, M.Mamor, T.H. Bergstrom

2CV.3.49 Production of Polycristalline Silicon Sheets for Photovoltaic Applications by Pressing and Sintering ofSilicon Powders 1277A. Derbouz Draoua, A. Straboni, A.M. Archambault, F. Valdivieso, E. Bere

2CV.3.50 Silicon Thin Films on Spin-on Intermediate Layer Coated Mullite Ceramics for Photovoltaic Application 1281A. Focsa, A. Slaoui, E. Pihan, M. Rusu, P. Snijkers, F. Leempoel, G. Beaucarne, J. Poortmans, E. Alvarez

2CV.3.51 Heterojunction Solar Cells: a New Insight in the Intrinsic Buffer Layer Concept 1285E. Centurioni, D. lencinella, R. Rizzoli, C. Summonte, A. Desalvo, F. Zignani, A. Migliori

2CV.3.52 Aluminium Pastes for Thin Wafers 1289S. Kim, A. Shaikh, S. Sridharan, C. Khadilkar, T. Pham

2CV.3.53 Efficiency Optimization of the n+/n/p+ "Phostop" Cell 1292P. Hacke, J.S. Moschner, D. Yamanaka, L. Meier

2CV.3 54 Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltages by Interface Optimization 1296T.H. Wang, Q. Wang, E. Iwaniczko, MR. Page, D.H. Levi, Y. Yan, C.W. Teplin, Y. Xu. X.Z. Wu, H.M.Branz

2CV.3.55 Understanding and Development of AG Pastes for Silicon Solar Cells with High Sheet-Resistance Emitters 1300M.M. Hilali, A. Rohatgi, C. Khadilkar, S. Kim, T. Pham, J. Salami, A. Shaikh, S. Sridharan

2CV.3.56 Electrodeposition of Silicon from a NaCl-CaCl-CaO-SiO2 Melt 1304E. Olsen, K.S. Osen, A.M. Martinez, G.M. Haarberg, G. Hagen

2CV.3.58 Record High Efficiency Screen-Printed Belt Co-Fired Cells on Cast Multicrystalline Silicon 1307A. Upadhyaya, M. Sheoran, A. Rohatgi, K. Matthei

2CV.3.60 Solar Mini Module Made with Epitaxial Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Wafer Equivalents 13115. Reber, H. Schmidhuber, H. Lautenschlager, J. Rentsch, F. Lutz

2CV.3.61 Interdigitated Back Contact Cell Design Applied to Thin Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers or Thin FilmMonocrystalline Silicon: a Promising Approach 1315P-J. Ribeyron, E. Rolland, M. Pirot