Ninh T. Nguyen, MDProfessor of Surgery

Division of GI Surgery

University of California, Irvine Medical Center

Gastric Plication: Is it Ready for Prime Time? Con

Disclosure SlideDisclosure Slide

Ninh T. Nguyen

Covidien Grant/speakerGore SpeakerSurgiquest ConsultantEthicon Speaker

Why Gastric Plication is not Ready for Prime Time!

• Lack of scientific rationale

• Lack of data

• No evidence for metabolic effect

• Not recognized by ASMBS

Why Gastric Plication is not Ready for Prime Time!

• Lack of scientific rationale

• Lack of data

• No evidence for metabolic effect

• Not recognized by ASMBS

Rationale for Gastric Plication?

• Improve weight loss and resolution of comorbidities?

Rationale for Gastric Plication?

• Minimize complication associated with sleeve gastrectomy

Rationale for Gastric Plication?

Complications of Sleeve Gastrectomy

• Bleeding

• Leaks

• Obstruction

Complications after Gastric Plication

• 135 pts underwent LGCP

• GI bleeding (1.5%)

• leaks (1.5%)

• Acute gastric obstruction (2.2%)

Skrekas et al. Obes Surg 2011

Complications after Gastric Plication

• 100 pts underwent LGCP

• 3 yr, 57% EWL (n=11) for GCP

• Obstruction requiring reop (1%)

• Leaks (2%)

Talebpour et al. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech 2007

Complications after Gastric Plication

• 15 pts underwent LGCP

• 1 yr, 53% EWL (n=6) for GCP

• Acute gastric obstruction requiring reop (16.6%)

Brethauer et al. SOARD 2011

Ideal Bariatric Operation

• Low morbidity & low mortality (risks)

• Good efficacy (benefits)

• Reproducible

• Low revisional rate

Issues with Gastric Plication for Widespread Acceptance

• Variability in technique & not easily reproducible- Small margin for error (too small vs too large)

• Doesn’t appear to reduces perioperative complications

• Complicated for revisional

Why Gastric Plication is not Ready for Prime Time!

• Lack of scientific rationale

• Lack of data

• No evidence for metabolic effect

• Not recognized by ASMBS

Accumulating Data

• Perform under institutional IRB

• Courses on procedure should only be held specifically for investigators planning to participate in a multicenter trials of the new procedure

• Publish data for peer-review

Sleeve Gastrectomy as bariatric ProcedureCIC of ASMBS

• First stage to reduce surgical risk

• 775 patients (15 reports)

• Single study with 3-year follow-up

• %EWL 33-83%, mortality: 0.39%

• The ASMBS recognizes sleeve may be an option for selected patients, particularly high-risk or super obese as a risk reduction strategy

SOARD 2007

Updated Position Statement on Sleeve Gastrectomy as bariatric Procedure

• Overall 36 studies (2570 patients) - Primary procedure, 24 studies (1749 patients)

• For primary procedure, follow-up 3-36 mos., 60.6% EWL

• Conclusions:- Long-term data remain limited- ASMBS accepted SG as an approved bariatric procedure as a first stage for high-risk patients and possible obviate the need for a 2nd stage

SOARD 2010

Is another Operation Needed to Improve to Outcomes of Sleeve?

International Sleeve Gastrectomy Expert Panel Consensus Statement

Best Practice Guidelines Based on Experience of Over 12,000 Cases

Surgery for Obesity & Related Diseases. 8(1):8-19, 2012 Jan doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.10.019

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DSL#12-0041

2011 INTERNATIONAL SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY EXPERT CONSENSUS

AUTHORS/PANEL EXPERTS

a Conference Chairman and Statement primary authorb Conference Co-Chairman

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Surg Obes Relat Dis 8(1):8-19, 2012 Jan.

Aceves Alberto Mexico Jossart Gregg US

Arvidsson Dag Sweden Lakdawala Muffazal b India

Baker S. Randal US Mourad Haicam El Belgium

Basso Nicola Italy Nguyen Ninh T US

Bellanger Drake US Nocca David France

Boza Camilo Chile Pomp Alfons US

France Michael Australia Prager Gerhard Austria

Gagner Michel US Ramos Almino b Brazil

Galvao‐Neto Manoel Brazil Rosenthal Raul J a US

Higa Kelvin D US Shah Shashank India

Himpens Jacques b Belgium Vix Michel France

Jacobs Moises US Wittgrove Alan US

Jorgensen John O Australia Zundel Natan US/Colombia

COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES DATA

In their sleeve gastrectomy practice: Preoperative age: 42 ± 3.8* years Preoperative BMI: 44 ± 4.5* Approximately 3 of every 4 are women Length of hospital stay: 2.5 ± 0.9* days. Only about 1 ± 2* % converted to open 1 ± 1* % leaks, <1% strictures, and 12 ± 9.0* %

GERD postoperatively.

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Surg Obes Relat Dis 8(1):8-19, 2012 Jan.

* Mean and Standard Deviation

Reduces Leaks or Improve Management of Leaks or Both

Sleeve Complication

Endoscopic Management of Sleeve Leaks

Why Gastric Plication is not Ready for Prime Time!

• Lack of scientific rationale

• Lack of data

• No evidence for metabolic effect

• Not recognized by ASMBS

Mechanisms of Sleeve gastrectomy

• Restriction

• Neurohormonal changes - Ghrelin- PYY- GLP-1

First-phase insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY changes 72 h after sleeve gastrectomy in

obese diabetic patients: the gastric hypothesis

• Insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity using the IVGTT were assessed in 18 obese type 2 diabetic and in 10 nondiabetic obese patients before and 3 days after SG

• In diabetic patients with disease less than 10.5 years, the first phase of insulin secretion promptly improved after SG, indicating an increased glucose-induced insulin secretion. The second phase of insulin secretion (late AUC) significantly decreased after SG in all groups, indicating an improved insulin peripheral sensitivity. In all groups, pre- and postoperatively, IVGTT determined a decrease in ghrelin values and an increase in GLP-1 and PYY values.

Basso et al. Surg Endosc 2011

Why Gastric Plication is not Ready for Prime Time!

• Lack of scientific rationale

• Lack of data

• No evidence for metabolic effect

• Not recognized by ASMBS

Surgeon & Innovation

Operation Technique Device Indications

Low BMI

Why Systematic Process is Needed?

• Protection of patients

• Protection of our field

• Protection of the surgeon

Systematic Pathway for Recognzing a New Bariatric Operation

• FDA approval

• Accumulate substantial peer-reviewed data demonstrating its safety & short and medium-term efficacy

• Recognized by ASMBS

• Obtaining coverage for the procedure

Recognition by ASMBS• Statement development by the Clinical Issues committee

• Statement is reviewed by legal advisor

• Review by ECEC & EC

• Circulate through membership for comments

• Review again by EC for approval

• SOARD for publication

Gastric Plication: Is it Ready for Prime Time?

ASMBS Policy Statement on Gastric Plication

• 4 studies (<300 patients)

• Band & plication (1 study, 26 patients)

• Recommendations:- Gastric plication should be considered investigational performed under IRB review- Encourage data reporting- Marketing should include a statement that this is investigational- ASMBS does not support CME courses on investigational procedures & devices

10/6/2011

Gastric Plication is not Ready for Prime Time!

• Lack of scientific rationale

• Lack of data

• No evidence for metabolic effect

• Not recognized by ASMBS

Ninh T. Nguyen, MDProfessor of Surgery

Division of GI Surgery

University of California, Irvine Medical Center

Gastric Plication: Is it Ready for Prime Time? Con