njan gandhijiye enthinu vadhichu?. why i assassinated gandhi malayalam

8/19/2019 Njan gandhijiye enthinu vadhichu?. Why i Assassinated Gandhi Malayalam

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KmÔnPnsb Rm³ F´n\v h[n¨p?

WHY I ASSASSINATED GANDHI? )

BY

\mYpdmw tKmUsk * tKm]mð tKmUvsk

ISBN : 978-1-329-97671-9

First edition : 2016

hnhÀ¯\w

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tZit{ZmlnIfpw Im]Syw \ndªhcpamb jÞòmscsbñ.tZikvt\lnIfmb hoc]p{XòmscbmWv. `mcXw B{Kln¡p

óXv.""Ipdp¡òmsct¸mepÅ Bbncw ]p{Xòmsc¡mÄ knwls¯t¸mepÅ Hcp ]p{X\mWv amXmhn\v IoÀ¯nbpw A`nam\hpwBbn¯ocpóXv. A¯cw Ipªp§Ä¡v Pòw \ðIpóXv]pWyhXnIfmb kv{XoIÄ am{Xw''.

`mcX¯n\v A`nam\ambn amdnbn«pÅ tZikvt\lnIfmb hoc]p{XòmÀ¡v Pòw \ðInb Fñm A½amÀ¡pw iXtImSn {]Wm

aw.

\mYpdmw hn\mbI tKmUskbpsS NnXm`kaw

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kzmÀ°XbpsS emÚ\IfnñmsX amXr`qansb kvt\ln¨,

AhfpsS kzmX{´¯n\mbn kzPoh³ _enbÀ¸n¨ Fñm hoctZim`nam\nIfpsSbpw kvacWbv¡v apónð hn\oXamb{]Wmaw AÀ¸n¨psImïv..

KmÔnPnsb Rm³ F´n\v h[n¨p?. Fó Cu {KÙw {io.tKm]mð tKmUvsk, At±l¯nsâ aq¯ ktlmZc\mb\mYpdmansâ Ahkm\ {]Ømh\bpw Xsâ A\p`h§fpw {iohotc{µ sa{lbmð Iq«nbnW¡s¸« {]XnIfpsS Ncn{XhpwPÌnkv. sP.Un tJmkvsebpsS HmÀ½¡pdn¸pIfpw tNÀ¯v

{]kn²oIcn¨ ""ssh sF AÊmknt\äUv KmÔn? FóBKteb {KÙ¯nsâ aebmfw ]Xn¸mWv. Fómð {iohotc{µ sa{lbpsS Cu {KÙw hmbn¡sh Fsâ a\ÊnðKmÔnh[w FóXv ]ecm{ãob e£y§fpw ap³Iq«n \S¯s¸«sIme]mXIambpw CXn\v ]nónð {KÙ¯nð ]dªhcñmsXaäv ]ecpamImw {]Xn Fóv kwibw tXmópIbmepw AXns\¸än IqSpXð ]cntim[n¡phm\pÅ {]tNmZ\w e`n¡pIbpïmbn. AXnsâ ^eambn hnhÀ¯\¯nsâ Ahkm\`mK¯v Npcpfgnbm¯ \nKqVXIÄ Fót]cnð Hcp A²ymbwIqSn tNÀ¡phm³ CSbmbn. CXnð ]dªncn¡pó Imcy§Ähmb\¡mcpsS bpàn¡pw _p²n¡pw AXoXañ. ]s£Ipä]{X¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nð {io. tJmkvse ]¦phbv¡póA\p`hhpw tKmUvsk ]dbpóXpw X½nð NnebnS¯vs]mcp¯t¡SpIÄ tXmópópïv. \mYpdw Xm³ BWvKmÔnPnsb h[n¨Xv Fóv hnizkn¡pt¼mÄ AXv XnI¨pwanYym[mcWbmbn hmb\¡mc\v A²ymb¯nsâ Ahkm\wkzm`mhoIambpw tXmómw. Fóv am{Xañ, aäv {]XnIfmbtKm]mð tKmUvsk, hn.Un. khÀ¡À, B]sX Fónhsc CutIknð IqSp¡nbXmsWóv a\ÊnemhpIbpw sN¿pw. B]vsXh[in£ e`n¡m³ hn[¯nð F´v sXämWv sNbvXXv FóXvtNmZyNnÓambn¯ocpóp FóXmWv asämcp Imcyw ?.

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tIknsâ kp{][m\amb Ahkm\Ipä]{Xw ImWmXmIpIbpw, tcJIÄ \in¸n¡s¸«ncn¡póXmbn ImWpóXpw CutIkv ]p\ct\zjWw DïmhpIbmsW¦nð IqSpXð lm\nDïmhmXncn¡m³ CXns\ kw_Ôn¨v `bs¸SpóhÀ sNbvXXmsWóv kzm`mhoIambpw kwibnt¡ïnbncn¡póp. KmÔnh[t¡knð KpVmtemN\ \Són«psïóXv kv]ãamWv.Fómð B KqVmtemN\ tKmUvskbmtWm, s\{lp Khs×âmtWm, h¯n¡mt\m AhÀ apJm´cw {_n«njpImcmtWmAtXm aäv Bsc¦nepamtWm \S¯nbncn¡póXv Fóv Isït¯ïnbncn¡póp. F¦nepw kwibmkv]Zhpw kaImeoIhpamb hkvXpXIÄ \mYpdmw \ndsbmgn¨nsñ¦nepw KmÔnPn h[n¡s¸Spambncpóp Fó kwibw ZrVs¸Sp¯póp. KmÔn.. tKmUvsk XpS§nb hm¡pIÄ cm{ãob kzmÀ°em`§Ä¡mbn D]tbmKn¡s¸Spó C¡me¯v \Só Imcy§fpsS kXykÙamb BhnjvImc¯neqsS Cu {KÙw hmb\¡mcpsS a\Ênðshfn¨w hois« Fóv Biwkn¨psImïv...

hnhÀ¯I³

{iotIjv ]pXphmtÈcn

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{KÙImcsâ Ipdn¸v

1970 IfpsS Ahkm\¯nð Rm³ PÌnkv Pn.Un.tJmkvseFgpXnb "aÀUÀ Hm^v almß B³Uv AXÀ tIkkv {^w F

PUvPvkv t\m«v_p¡v' hmbn¡phm³ CSbmbn. \mYqdmwtKmUvskbpsS h[in£ ]pds¸Sphn¨ PÌnkv ]m\ense aqóvPUvPnamcnð Hcmfmbncpóp At±lw. sImesN¿phm\pÅbYmÀ° ImcWhpw t{imXm¡fpsS {]XnIcW§fpw hfsclrZbkv]Àinbmbn hnhcn¡s¸« Hcp ]pkvXIambncpóp AXv.At±lw ]dbpóXv A\pkcn¨v tKmUvsk \nc]cm[n BWvFóv hnizkn¡pó h³ `qcn]£w hcpó P\kaql¯mðkaÀ¸n¡s¸« lÀPn ]cnKWn¡s¸Spw Fóv tImSXnapdnbnð

Aóv IqSnbncpó t{imXm¡fS¡w hnizkn¨ncpóp. A{Xbpwiàamb {]Xntcm[ambncpóp tKmUvsk¡v thïn Ahcnð\nópw DïmbncpóXv.

tKmUvskbpsS Ahkm\ {]Ømh\IÄ A¡mes¯Khs×âv \ntcm[n¨ncpóp. Cóv 2014epw ImemXoXambntKmUvsk¡v A\pI¼ e`n¡pw Fóv `bóv {]kmÀ `mcXn,tIX³ talvXbpw Zo] kmlnbpw tNÀóv \nÀ½n¨ KmÔnsb

Ipdn¨pÅ 52 F¸ntkmUpIÄ DÅ kocnben\v A\paXn\nt£[n¨ncn¡póp. {]Zo]v ZmðhnbpsS "an \mYqdmw tKmUvskt_mÄtSmbv' Fó tÌPv \mSIw sslt¡mSXn CSs¸«v XSªp.\mSI§Ä¡v hne¡v Iev¸n¨Xv 2001 apXemWv. Ncn{X¯nsâ`mK§Ä XSªphbv¡póXpw, aqSnhbv¡póXpw Hón\pw Hcp]cnlmcañ.

\mYqdmw tKmUvskbpsS {]Ømh\ tKm]mð tKmUvsk{]kn²oIcn¨ tijw F\n¡v tXmón CXv PÌnkv

tJmkvsebpsS hnhcWhpw tNÀ¯v ]p\x{]kn²Icn¨mð\mómbncn¡pw. AXn\mbn Cu tIkpambn _Ôs¸«hcpsSNn{X§Ä tiJcn¨v hmb\¡mÀ¡v kp{Kmlyamb Hcp Nn{Xwe`n¡phm³ thïhn[¯nð {IaoIcn¨n«pïv.

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ambv¨pIfbm\mhm¯Xpw Ncn{X¯nsâ ZpÀapJ§Ä Cãs¸Sm¯Xpw ]qÀ®XbpÅXpamb Ncn{Xs¯ kvt\ln¡póhÀ¡v Cu ]pkvXIw hfsc A[nIw Cãs¸Spw Fóv F\n¡v]cn]qÀ® hnizmkapïv.

hntc{µÀ sa{l

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BapJw

taml³Zmkv IcwNµv KmÔn C³Uy³ cm{ãob cwKt¯bv¡v ISóphcpóXv 1915 IfnemWv. B kmón²yw 30.01.1948 ð

\mYqdmw hn. tKmUvsk DXnÀ¯ aqóv shSnbpïItfäv acWwhcn¡póXphsc XpSÀóp. tKmUvsk \nba¯n\v IogS§pIbpwsNbvXp.

{]ikvXamb sdUv t^mÀ«v hnNmcWbnð h¨v PUvPn,X\ns¡XnscbpÅ Ipä]{X¯nð ]dªncn¡pó Btcm]W§tfmSvv F´mWv ]dbm\pÅXv Fóv tNmZn¡pIbpïmbn.tKmUvsk CXn\v adp]Snbmbn hni²amb Hcp {]Ømh\

\ðIpIbpïmbn. B {]Ømh\bmWv ChnsS AhXcn¸n¡póXv.

tKmUvskbpsS {]Ømh\bpsS {]kn²oIcWw {]tXyIamb ImcW§sf ap³\nÀ¯n \ntcm[n¡pIbpïmbn. No^vt{]mknIyq«dmb kn.sI Z^vXmcn, Ipähmfnbmbn Ahtcm[n¡s¸« \mYqdmw tKmUvsk X¿mdm¡n AhXcn¸n¡m³ sImïvhó {]Ømh\bv¡v Cu Akm[mcWamb tIknð A\paXn\ðIcpsXóv tImSXntbmSv A`yÀ°n¨p. Cu A`yÀ°\ Nne

e£y§fmð Bbncpóp. t{]mknIyqj³ `mK¯v \nópÅIpämt\zjIÀ tKmUvsk Ipäk½Xw \S¯póXn\pw ap³]vXsó tKmUvsksb sIme]mXInbmbn NmÀPv sNbvXncpóp.\mYqdmw Fñmw tXmïnsbSp¯v tImSXn¡v ap³]msI tIkn\p]nónepÅ {]Xn^e§sf¸änbpw, hmKvZm\§sf¸änbpw,NXnsb]änbpw, DS¼SnIsf¸änbpw ]dbpóXv KmÔnPn¡vam{Xañ `cW]mÀ«nbmb tIm¬{KÊn\pw £oWw Dïm¡póImcyambXn\mð t{]mknIyqj³ {]Ømh\ \S¯póXv BZywapXð Xsó XSbm³ B{Kln¨p. Fómð PUvPnbmb {io.Bß Nc¬ CXns\Xnsc {io. Z^vXmcnsb tNmZyw sNbvXp.

""Ipämtcm]nX\v Xsâ `mKw \ymboIcn¡m³ thïn hmZn¡m\pÅ Ahkcw DÅt¸mÄ F\n¡v F§ns\bmWv AXns\XSÊs¸Sp¯m³ IgnbpóXv?. \n§fpsS XSÊhmZs¯ \ymbo

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Icn¡pó \nbahiw Nqïn¡mWn¡pIbmsW¦nð AXv AwKoIcn¡mhpóXmWv''.

Fómð A¯c¯nepÅ Hcp \nbahpw \nehnð Cñ Fóv

hmZn`mKw A`n`mjI\mb {io.Z^v¯mcn¡v AwKoIcnt¡ïnhcnIbpw \oXn]oTw tKmUvsksb {]Ømh\ hmbn¡phm³A\phZn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

]ntäZnhks¯ ]{X§Ä B {]Ømh\bpsS {]kà`mK§Ä {]kn²oIcn¡pIbpw F´msWóv AdnbmXncpó_p²nPohnIfpw km[mcW¡mcpw AS§pó henb hn`mKwtKmUvskbpsS \ne]mSv F´mbncpóp Fóv AdnbpIbpwsNbvXp. tKmUvsk KmÔnPnsb sImes¸Sp¯nb Ipä¯nð\nópw Hcn¡epw Hgnªpamdnbncpónñ Fó Hcp Imcyw IqSnAhÀ a\Ênem¡nbncpóp.

]Þnäv PhlÀemð s\{lp, Bbncpóp Aós¯ C³Uy³ {][m\a{ń. At±lw FñmkwØm\§Ä¡pw \ðInb\nÀt±iw A\pkcn¨v tKmUvskbpsS {]Ømh\ `mKoIamtbm,]qÀ®amtbm FñmbnS¯pw \ntcm[n¡s¸«p. Asñ¦nðtIm¬{KÊv `cWIqSw B {]Ømh\sb CñmXm¡m³ {ian¨p.

Cu thfbnð Khs×âv hfsc _p²n]cambn Ifn¨p.tKmUvsk Xsâ hmZw Pq¬ 1949ð knwe tImSXnbnð]qÀ¯nbm¡n PUvPnamÀ AhcpsS tNw_dpIfntebv¡v XncnsIF¯póXn\pap³]mbn t]meokv am²ya {]hÀ¯ItcmSv _ew{]tbmKn¡pIbpw AhcpsS ssI¿nepÅ Ipdn¸v ]pkvXI§ÄIodn IjvW§fm¡n ]d¯pIbpw kXyw ]pd¯phn«mð AhscCñmXm¡n¡fbpsaóv òjnWns¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp.

temIsa¼mSpapÅ P\X almß KmÔnbpsS LmXIs\¸än Adnbphm³ AXnbmbn B{Kln¨p. AbmÄ F{]ImcapÅhyàn Bbncpóp? Fń\pthïnbmWv C{]Imcw sNbvXXv?AhÀ ]ckv]cw tNmZn¨p sImïncpóp.

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\mYqdmw tKmUvskbpsS tImSXnbnse {]Ømh\bpsS{]kn²oIcW¯n\v Akm[mcWhpw `oaambXpamb Bhiy¡mcmbncpóp. AXv tImSXnbnð AhXcn¸n¡s¸«Xpt]mseXsó Cw¥ojv `mjbnð Bbncpóp.

t]scSp¯Xv Fóv ]dbs¸Spó ]e Fgp¯pImcpw{]km[Icpw Cu {]Ømh\IÄ hnIeam¡n. kXyw kXyambnAhXcn¸n¡póXn\v ]Icw sXäp[mcW]c¯póXpw, hywKy§Ä \ndª Ip¯phm¡pIfpw AXnitbmànIfpw IeÀ¯nXcwXmW hn[¯nð AhcpsS kmlnXykrãn AhXcn¸n¨vNcn{Xs¯ hfs¨mSn¨p.

]nXriyq\ycmb Cu Fgp¯pImcpsS ]W¯n\v taepÅkXykÙX Cñmbvabpw Ip{]NcWw ]c¯póXpambhmey§sf Cñmbva sNbvXv ip²oIcn¡m³ t]móXmbncpóp\mYqdmansâ B[nImcoIamb {]Ømh\. Cu \áhpws]mÅbmbXpamb hmey§sf A¸msS Hgp¡nIfªpsImïvhmb\¡mÀ bmYmÀ°y§sf kzbw AhtemI\w sN¿pwFóXv Dd¸pÅXmb hkvXpX Xsó Bbncpóp. \mYqdmansâkz´w hcnIfnð \nópw Xsó AXv hfsc kv]ãamWv.""kXykÙcmb Fgp¯pImÀ `mhnbnð Fsó¦nepw Hcn¡ðFsâ {]hr¯nsb Xpe\w sNbvXv AXnsâ aqeyw Isï¯pIXsó sN¿pw''.

\nbaw h[in£bv¡v hn[n¡s¸«hcpsS {]Jym]\§Ä¡v {]tXyI ]hn{XX \ðInbncpóp. Fómð \mYqdmw{]tXyI kmlNcy¯nð ]pds¸Sphn¨ Cu {]Ømh\IÄ¡vA[nImchÀ¤w bmsXmcp ]hn{XXbpw Iev¸n¨ncpónñ.

{KÙImc\mb tKm]mð tKmUvsk \mYpdmansâ CfbktlmZc\mbncpóp. At±lhpw KmÔn sIme]mXI tIknð{]Xn tNÀ¡s¸«ncpóp. Fóv am{Xañ KqUmtemN\bnð]¦mfnbmWv Fóv tImSXn Isï¯pIbpw Poh]cy´w XShn\vhn[n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. 1965ð in£mImemh[n Ignªv]pd¯v Cd§nb At±lw Hcp amk¯n\v tijw hoïpw

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Un^³kv Hm^v C³Uy \nba {]Imcw AdÌv sN¿s¸«v HcphÀjw IqSn XShv in£ A\p`hnt¡ïnhcnIbpw 1965 sâAhkm\w tamNn¸n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp..

Cu ]pkvXIw sdUv t^mÀ«v hnkvXmc¯nse \mYqdmansâ{]kvXmh\bpsS ]qÀ®cq]¯nð C¡mes¯ {]kànsbtXSpIbmWv. kw`h§fntebv¡v IS¡póXn\v ap³]mbn tIkvAt\zjW¯nsâ hni²mwi§fpw {]tXyI tImSXnbpsScq]nIcWhpw hni²oIcn¨n«pïv. {]kvXmh\ ]qÀ®ambXn\vtijapÅ \S]Sn {Ia§fpw 15.11.1949 hscbpÅ A¸oepIfpw\mYqdmapw B]vsXbpw h[in£ Gäphm§nbXv hscbpÅImcy§fpw AXn\v tijw sImSp¯ncn¡póp. AXn\v tijw

\mYqdw hn\mbIv tKmUvskbpsSbpw aäv {]XnIfpsSbpw Ncn{Xhpw Pbnðhmkw A\pjvTn¡pt¼mÄ Dïmbncpó {KÙImcsâ Nn´IIfpw hnhcn¨ncn¡póp. ]nóoSpÅ kw`h§sf¡pdn¨v Asñ¦nð ]ckv]c hncp²amb {]kvXmh\Isf Ipdn¨vcïphm¡v KmÔnb³ Bib§fpambn CSIeÀ¯n D]kwlmc¯nð hni²oIcn¨ncn¡póp.\mYqdmansâ hnð]{Xw Ahkm\w \ðInbncn¡póp.

hnð]{X¯nð Xsâ Ahkm\s¯ {]Ømh\ {]kn²oIcn¡m\pÅ AhImiw \mYqdmw tKmUvsk Xsâ CfbktlmZc³ Z¯mt{Xb¡v \ðInbncn¡póp. B AhImiwAt±lw {KÙImc\mb tKm]mð tKmUvskbv¡v Zbm]qÀÆw\ðIpIbpïmbn. AXn\v tKm]mð tKmUvsk At±lt¯mSvAXnbmb IrXÚX tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp. {KÙImcs\Cu {KÙw ]pd¯nd¡m³ klmbn¨ {]km[ItcmSpw At±lwXsâ lrZbw \ndª IrXÚX tcJs¸Sp¯póp.

19 sk]vXw_À 1993 (tKm]mð tKmUvsk)

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DÅS¡w

kw`h§Ä

........................................................................................................... 12

t]meokv At\zjWw AdÌpw kvs]jyð tImÀ«pw .......................................... 19

`mKw Hóv Ipä]{X¯n\pÅ adp]Sn

................................................................. 28

`mKw cïv KmÔnbpsS cm{ãob¯nsâ kq£a ]cntim[\ ............................ 50

`mKw aqóv KmÔnPnbpw kzmX{´yhpw.............................................................. 92

`mKw \mev BZÀi¯nsâ taml`wKw

............................................................ 106

`mKw Aô tZihncp² {]oW\§fpsS aqÀ²\yw

.......................................... 118kvs]jyð PUvPn\p apónse hmZ§Ä hn[nbpw sslt¡mSXn \nthZ\§fpw

........................................................................................................................... 137

sslt¡mSXn hn[n¡ tijw acWin£ \S¸nem¡pw hscbpÅ kw`h§Ä

145

{]XnIsf¸änbpÅ hnhcWw ............................................................................. 161

Pbnðhmk¡mew .............................................................................................. 189

tamN\¯n\v tijapÅ PohnXw

....................................................................... 196

D]kwlmcw ....................................................................................................... 198

hnð¸{Xw

........................................................................................................... 205

Npcpfgnbm¯ \nKqVXIÄ .............................................................................. 207

PÌnkv Pn.Un.tJmkvsebpsS HmÀ½¡pdn¸nð \nópw ...................................... 223

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kw`h§Ä

C³UybpsS hn`P\w icnhbv¡s¸SpIbpw 15.BKkvXv.1947ð {_n«ojv `cWw Ahkm\n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXtXmsSm¸w

cïv cmPy§fpsS (hn`PnX) C³UybpsSbpw ]m¡nkvXmsâbpwcq]nIcWw \Sóp. hfsc h³tXmXnð P\§Ä CcpcmPy§fntebv¡pw ]meb\w \S¯nbtXmsSm¸w hni²oIcW¯n\pwA¸pdt¯bv¡v sImÅbpw sImebpw A{Ia§fpw _emÕwK§fpw am{Xañ \S¡m³ ]mSnñm¯Xmb Fñmw \Sóp sImïncpóp. Ccbmb A`bmÀ°nIfpsS {]tXyIn¨v lnµp¡fpsSØnXn AXnZb\obambncpóp. Fóncpón«pw KmÔnPnbpsS{]hr¯nIÄ lnµp hntcm[w \ndªXpw apÉow {]oW\

kz`mhw {]ISam¡póXpw Bbncpóp. cmPy¯nsâ GIoIcWwC\nbpw ]qÀ¯nbmIm\ncns¡ sslZcm_mZnse `cWm[nImcnbmb \nÊmansâ Iognð Imcy§Ä IqSpXð hjfmIpIbpwImivaoÀ B{IaW¯nsâ \ngenð XpScpIbpw sNbvXp.

{io. kÀZmÀ hñm`mbn ]t«ð Bbncpóp Aós¯C³UybpsS sU]yq«n {][m\a{´n. hn`P\Ime¯v 55 tImSncq] ]m¡nkvXm\v \ã]cnlmcambn \ðIpI FóXv NÀ¨m

]camb kwhmZ§fnepw hn«phogvNIÄ¡nSbnepw IpSp§n¡nSó {][m\amb {]iv\ambncpóp. Cu k¦oÀ®amb {]iv\w]m¡nkvXmsâ ImivaocpambpÅ A`n\nthihpambn thÀXncn¡m\mhm¯ hn[¯nð _Ôn¡s¸«ncn¡póp. 12.01.1947 se{]Êv tIm¬^d³knð kÀZmÀ hñm`mbn ]t«ð C³UybpambpÅ Cu {]iv\¯nð \nÊwiIcambn Hcp {]Jym]\w\S¯n.

""Imivaocn\ptaepÅ ]m¡nkvXmsâ B{Ian¨psImïpÅ

ISópIbäw Cu IcmÀ \S¸m¡póXv \o«nhbv¡póXneqsS\mw ]cn]qÀ®ambn \ymbnIcn¡póp. Cu IcmÀ ]m¡nkvXm\vGsX¦nepw IrXyamb XobXnbnð ]Ww \ðIns¡mÅmsaóvAwKoIcn¡pó Xc¯nð C³Uym Khs×âpambn _Ôn¡s¸«ncn¡pónñ. AXn\mð ]m¡nkvXm\v kzbw \ymbnIcn


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KmÔnPnsb Rm³ Fń\v h[n¨p? \mYpdmw hn\mbIv tKmUvsk

¡mt\m ]Ww \nbpà kab¯v \ðIWsaóv iTn¡phmt\mAhImiw Cñ. sXfn¨v ]dbpIbmsW¦nð ImivaoÀ {]iv\wXocpóXphsc ]m¡nkvXm\pambpÅ ]WanS]mSv \S¯phm³C³Uy Dt±yin¡pónñ''.

A§ns\ ImivaoÀ {]iv\¯n\v XoÀ¸v DïmIpóXphsc]m¡nkvXm\v \ðtIïnbncpó 55tImSn cq] kÀZmÀ hñm`mbv]t«en\mð XSªp hbv¡s¸«p.

Cu Xo AWbv¡phm³ cïv amÀ¤§Ä Dïmbncpóp.HópInð shÅsamgn¡pI Asñ¦nð Xo ]nSn¡m³ km²yXbpÅ hkvXp¡Ä amäpI. C³Uy³ ssk\yw ]m¡v A[n\nthiIcmb A{IanIsf XSbphm\pw Ahsc Xpc¯ntbmSn¡phm\pw ITn\ ]cn{iaw \S¯n sImïncpóp. ]m¡nkvXm\pambpÅ ]WanS]mSv achn¸n¨ bp²X{´w hfsc aqeytadnbXmbncpóp. AXpsImïv Xsó Xo ]nSnbv¡pó kmlNcy§Ä Hgnhm¡pI FóXv hfsc \nÀ®mbIhpambncpóp.C¯c¯nepÅ kmlNcy¯nð ]m¡nkvXm\v \ðtIïnbncpó 55 tImSn cq] ]nSn¨v hbv¨ C³UybpsS \ne]mSv hfsc{]iwk\obambncpóp. CXv càZqjnXamb ImivaoÀ B{IaW§fnð \nópw lnµp¡sf kwc£n¡póXn\v DXIpóXpwZoÀLho£WapÅXpw Ffp¸¯nð kam[m\w ssIhcn¡m³IgnbpóXpamb amÀ¤hpw Bbncpóp. cïv ZimÐ¯n\v tijwimkvXnbpsS {][m\a{ń]Z¯nse t\Xr]mTh¯nð C³Uy³ssk\yw emtlmdntebv¡v amÀ¨v \S¯n ]m¡nkvXm³A{IanIsf Imivaocnsâ a®nð \nópw XpS¨v \o¡nbXpw{]iwk AÀln¡póXmWv.

C¯c¯nepÅ kw{àP\Iamb Zn\§fnð, KmÔnPn

Uðlnbnð Xmakw Bcw`n¨p. DóXcmb t\Xm¡Ä ]ecpwAt±ls¯ ImWpIbpw cm{ãobamb Cu kmlNcy§sf¡pdn¨v NÀ¨ \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. Fómð KmÔnPn C³UymKhs×ânsâ Xncpam\s¯ \JinJm´w FXnÀ¡pIbmWvDïmbXv. KmÔnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw C³Uy ]m¡nkvXmsâ ]mXbnð XSkw krãn¡pIbm\v sN¿póXv. AXv

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AKnkbpsS ]mXbnð \nópÅ hyXnNe\amWv. 12.01.1948 ðKmÔnPn Khs×âv ]m¡nkvXm\v sImSp¡phm\pÅ ]W¯nsâImcy¯nð XoÀ¸pïm¡nbnñ F¦nð Xm³ \ncmlmc kacw\S¯pw Fóv òjnWn apg¡n. KmÔnbpsS 12.01.1948 se{]`mjW¯nsâ Hcp `mKw am[ya§fneqsS {]Ncn¡s¸«p.At±lw Khs×âns\ {]tem`n¸n¨v Xocpam\w A«nadn¡m³{iaw \S¯póp FóXmbncpóp Cu hmÀ¯bpsS kmcw. ]s£Cu {iaw ]cmPbs¸«p. At¸mÄ At±lw ]dªp;

"" kaql¯nse A\oXns¡Xnsc {]XnIcn¡m³ HcpAlnwkmhmZn \ncmlmcw \S¯nhm³ \nÀ_Ôn¡s¸Spóp.AhÀ A§ns\ sN¿póXv AhÀ AlnwkbpsS `àcpw

AhÀ¡v apónð {]XnIcn¡m³ thsd amÀ¤§Ä Cñm¯Xp sImïpamWv. A¯c¯nepÅ kµÀ`w Fsâ apónepw kwPmXambncn¡póp.""

{io. kÀZmÀ hñm`mbv ]t«ensâ ImTn\yw KmÔnsbC{]Imc¯nð {]XnIcn¡m³ \nÀ_Ôn¨p. asämcpXc¯nðkÀZmÀPn Cu {]iv\¯ntòepÅ KmÔnPnbpsS ISópIbäwCãs¸«ncpónñ. CXv auem\m BkmZnsâ {KÙ¯nð {]Xn[z\n¡s¸Spóp. 13.01.1948ð KmÔnPn \ncmlmc kacw XpS§nbDSs\ kÀZmÀ Uðln hn«p.

KÔnPnbpsS \ncmlmc kac¯nsâ A\ńcêambn 17P\phcn Khs×ân\v At±l¯nsâ apónð hg§ns¡mSpt¡ïnhcnIbpw ]m¡nkvXm\v e`nt¡ï \ã]cnlmc¯pIbmb55 tImSn DS\Sn sImSp¡msaóv k½Xnt¡ïXmbn hcnIbpwsNbvXp. A§ns\ kÀZmdnsâ ImivaoÀ {]Jym]\¯n\v ZmcpWamb Aýw kw`hn¨p.

17 P\phcn 1948ð C³Uym Khs×âv AwKoIcnÏmcy§fpsS am[ya¡pdn¸v Xmsg ]dbpw {]ImcamWvþ

"" KmÔnPn kaÀ¸n¨ A¸oensâ ASnØm\¯nðKhs×âv CcpcmPy§Ä¡nSbpepÅ Bi¦bpw k½À±hpw

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Dïm¡pó ImcWw cmPy¯nsâ am\yXbpsS t]cnepwXmev]cy¯n³ {]Imchpw \o¡w sN¿m³ Xocpam\n¨ncn¡póp.

cmPy¯nsâ alm\mb tkhI³ Fó \nebnð KmÔnPn

A\p`hn¨ ]nV\§fpsS ^eambn \òbpsSbpw kam[m\¯nsâbpw A´co£w kwPmXamhpw Fóv Khs×âv {]Xo£n¡pótXmsSm¸w At±l¯nsâ \nkzmÀ°amb tkh\w cmPywC\nbpw {]Xo£n¡póp.

]m¡nkvXm\pambpÅ ]WanS]mSv (\ã]cnlmc¯pI )DS³ XoÀ¡phm³ Khs×\n\mð Xocpam\n¡s¸«ncn¡póp. ''

C³Uym Khs×ânsâ Zbbpw HuZmcyhpw ]m¡nkvXm\p

tað HgpInbn«pw ]m¡nkvXmsâ lrZbw DcpInbnñ. ImivaoÀ{]iv\w XpSÀóp.

\mYpdmw hn\mbIv tKmUvskbpw \mcmb¬ Z¯mt{XbB]vsXbpw ""lnµp cm{ã'' Fó t]cnð Hcp Zn\]{Xw\S¯nbncpóp. ""A{KmWn Fómbncpóp ]{X¯nsâ ]gb\maw. ]s£ ]nóoSv ]pXnb `mh¯nepw cq]¯nepw lnµpcm{ãFó t]cntebv¡v amäs¸SpIbmbncpóp. 15 BKkvXv 1947 \vap³]mbn Znhk§Ä Ignbpt´mdpw hÀKobXbpsS IpepjnX

amb cq]¯nð apÉow tÌänsâ cq]nIcWw \S¡pw FóXvhyàamb coXnbnð Dd¸mbn sImïncpóp. lnµp cm{ãbpsS]{Xm[n]À CXns\Xnsc AXoh PmKcqIcpw aqÀ¨bpÅhcpw\ncq]Icpw Bbns¡mïncpóp. ]ngbmbn Ccphcpw 3000 cq]hoXw ASbv¡phm\pÅ Iev]\ Dïmbn«pw AhÀ AXvXpSÀóp.

sSen{]nâdnð 12þP\phcn 1948 ð \yqkv Iïv KmÔnPn

D]hmkw \S¯m³ XpS§n. Khs×ân\ptað k½À± X{´w{]tbmKn¨v XSªphbv¡s¸«ncn¡pó ]m¡nkvXmsâ \ã]cnlmc¯pIbmb 55tImSn cq] A\phZn¨v sImSp¡phm\pwXocpam\w amäm\pw thïnbmWv Cu D]hmkw Fóv \mYpdman\vhfsc hyàambncpóp. Cu kabw \mYpdmw tKmUvskbv¡vKmÔnPnbpsS lnµphncp² hnImc¯ns\XnscbpÅ tcmjw

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]caImjvTbnse¯nbncpóp. KmÔnPn D]hmkw XpS§n FósSen{]nâÀ \yqkv IïbpS³ \mYpdmw aäv ]²XnIÄ DS\SnXocpam\n¡m³ Dd¨p. P\mXn]Xy]camb Hcp Khs×âns\AXnsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡mbn hnSmsX AXnð CSs]«vXSÊ§Ä Dïm¡m³ KmÔnPnsb A\phZn¡cpXv Fóv\mYpdmw tKmUvsk Xocpam\n¨p. AXn\mbn KmÔnPnsbh[n¡m³ At±lw Xocpam\n¡pIbpw IqsSbpÅhtcmSv CXns\¸än BcmbpIbpw sNbvXp. \mYpdmans\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfwCXv cmPy¯n\pthïnbpÅ Poh³ acW t]mcm«ambncpóp.

20 P\phcn 1948\v KmÔnPnbpsS kmbmÓ {]mÀY\kt½f\ ssaXm\n¡v kao]w Hcp t_mw_v kvt^mS\w Dïmbn.

aZ³emð ]lzsb kw`h Øe¯v h¨v AdÌv sNbvXp.hn`P\¯nsâ ssI¸p\oÀ Adnª A`bmÀ°n BbncpópaZ³emð ]lz. aZ³emð ]lzbpw Iq«mfnIfpw kw`hkYe¯vDïmbncpóp Fópw ]²Xn \S¸mIm¯Xn\mð klKqVmtemNIÀ AhnSw hn«pImWm³ CSbnñ Fópw t]meokv Duln¨p.AXnsâ ^eambn _nÀem lukn\p NpäpapÅ t]meokvkpc£ IqSpXð ZrVam¡n. aäpÅhsc ]nSnIqSm³ t]meokvC³Uy apgph³ hehncn¨p. Fóncpón«pw ASp¯ ]¯v Znhkw

hsc aäpÅhsc ]nSnIqSm³ t]meokn\v Bbnñ.30.01.1948 sshIo«v Aôv aWnIgnªt¸mÄ KmÔn cïv

bphXnIfpsS tXmfnð ssI¿n«v _nÀem luknsâ ]pd¯pÅ{]mÀ°\m kt½f\ ssaXm\nbnte¡v hcpóXpIïp. \mYqdmwtKmUvsk t]mbnâv »m¦nð \nópw aqóv duïv shSn DXnÀ¯p.KmÔn ""Du^v'' Fó t]inIfpsS {]XnIcW iÐ¯nsâAI¼SntbmsS ssaXm\nbnð XfÀóv hoWp. ]nóoSv At±lw

t_m[clnX\mIpIbpw 20 an\näpIÄ¡v tijw A´yizmkwhen¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \mYpdmw shSnbpXnÀ¯ tijw ssIIÄapIfntebv¡v DbÀ¯n t]meokns\ hnfn¨p. At±lw kzbwt]meokn\v IogS§n.

Aós¯ cm{ãob t\XrXzw X\n¡v tað aX{`m´³,Nn¯tcmKn, Dò¯³ Fóv thï Fñm hn[¯nepapÅ

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hntijW§fpw ]gnNmcpw Fóv \mYqdman\v D¯a t_m[ywDïmbncpóp. AXpsImïv Xsó HutZymZnIambn Xm³bmsXmcp hn[¯nepapÅ am\koIhpw imcocnIhpambAkzØIÄ A\p`hn¨ncpónñ Fóv tcJs¸Sp¯phm³tKmUvsk B{Kln¨p. AXv Xsâ am\koImhØ bmsXmcpXc¯nepapÅ hyXnbm\§Ät¡m tcmK§Ät¡m ASnas¸«ncpónñ Fóv t_m[ys¸Sp¯phm³ thïn Bbncpóp. KmÔnh[¯n\v tijw Pbnenð \mYqdmans\ ]cntim[n¡ms\¯nbtUmÎtdmSv \mYqdmansâ A`yÀ°\ C{]Imcw Bbncpóp.

tUmÎÀ, Zbhmbn Fsó \ñh®w ]cntim[n¨v Fsâ\mUnbnSn¸pw lrZbhpw icnbmb coXnbnð {]hÀ¯n¡póp

sïóv tcJs¸Sp¯Ww. tUmÎÀ \mYpdmw ]dªt]mse XsósN¿pIbpw tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp.

\mYpdmw IogS§nb tijw t]meokv At±ls¯ AdÌvsN¿pIbpw Xp¥Iv tdmUnse t]meokv tem¡¸nð hbv¡pIbpwsNbvXp. ]nóoSv At±ls¯ ]mÀensaâv {Ìoänse ktäj\nte¡v IÌUnbnð sImïv t]mbn. Dt±ymKkvXtcmsSm¸w aäv]ecpw \mYpdmans\ ImWms\¯n. \mYqdmw tem¡¸nðAt§m«pw Ct§m«pw \Spóp sImïncpóp. Nnet¸mÄ tem¡¸nsâ I¼nbgnIfnð ]nSn¨v Ft´m BtemNn¨v \nóncpóp.At¸mÄ Btcm I®nð s]SpIbpw At±lt¯mSv \mYpdmwC{]Imcw BcmbpIbpw sNbvXp;

\n§Ä {io. tZhZmkv KmÔn BWv Fóv Rm³ IcpXpóp.

AsX! ]s£ \n§Ä¡v F§ns\ a\Ênembn?. Ba\pjy³ Xncn¨v tNmZn¨p. Hcp ]s£ At±lw hóXv `oIc\pwacymZbnñm¯h\pw càZmlnbpamb Hcp sNIp¯ms\ {]Xo£n¨v Bbncn¡pw. Fómð \mYpdmw hfsc am\yXtbmSpwsXfnª iÐt¯msSbpw Bßim´XtbmSpw kaNn¯XtbmSpw At±ls¯ AhnsS {]Xo£n¨ncpóXpt]msebpwImWs¸«p.

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\½Ä Cu ASp¯v Hcp {]Êv aoän§nð Iïncpóp. \n§ÄAhnsS lnµpØm³ ssSwknsâ FUnädmbn t]mbncpóntñ?

\n§Ä??

Rm³ \mYqdmw hn\mbIv tKmUvsk, lnµpcm{ãbpsS]{Xm[n]cmWv. Rm\pw AhnsS Dïmbncpóp. Cóv \n§Ä¡v\n§fpsS ]nXmhns\ \ãs¸«p. B Zpc´¯n\v ImcW¡mc³Rm³ BWv. \n§Ä¡pw \n§fpsS IpSpw_¯n\pw Rm³ aqewDïmb \ã¯nð Rm³ AXoh ZpJnX\mWv. Zbhmbn Fsóhnizkn¡pI. \n§tfmSpÅ GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅ hyànsshcmKytam, shdpt¸m, ss]imNoI Nn´tbmSpIqSnb e£yt¯mSpIqSntbm Añ Rm³ A{]Imcw sNbvXXv.

sIme]mXI¯nsâ cà¡d ssI¿nð \nóv DW§pwap³t] C{Xbpw im´XtbmSpw Bßk´pe\t¯mSpw kwkmcn¡pó \mYpdmans\ Iït¸mÄ aqómasXmcmÄ kwkmcn¡póXpt]mse tXmón. {io. tZhZmkv KmÔnbpsS PnÚmkAt¸mÄ hÀ²n¡s¸SpIbmWv DïmbXv. Xsâ ]nXmhnsâsIme]mXI¯nð AXy´w \nµyambn HópwXsó Cñ FóvAt±l¯n\v tXmónsb¦nð AXv kzm`mhoIw am{Xambncpóp.

Xsâ ]nXmhnsâ A`mh¯nepïmb hyàn]camb ZpJwDÅnsemXp¡n At±lw \mYpdmant\mSv tNmZn¨p.

]nsó F´n\v \n§Ä CXv sNbvXp?.

\mYqdmw adp]Sn \ðIn. ImcWw ]qÀ®ambpw cm{ãobamWv. cm{ãobw am{Xw. F\n¡v ]dbphm\pÅXv tIÄ¡m³AcaWn¡qÀ \n§Ä¡v sNehgn¡m³ Ignbptam?. ZbhmbnHm^oktdmSv A\paXn hm§n¡qI. \n§Ä Hcp ]{Xm[n]À

BbXn\mð CXnsâ ]Ým¯ew \n§Ä¡v XoÀ¨bmbpwa\ÊnemIpw. Fómð t]meokv ]nónSpÅ NÀ¨ A\phZn¨nñ.

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t]meokv At\zjWw

AdÌpw kvs]jyð tImÀ«pw

\mYpdmw tKmUvsk kw`hØe¯v h¨pXsó Uðlnt]meokn\v IngS§n. Aóv cm{Xnbnð Xsó tIkt\zjWwBcw`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \mYpdmansâ t]cv ]pd¯v hn«XvapXð P\§Ä hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ Dulmt]ml§Ä XpS§n.KmÔnPnsb sImóIpäw X§fnð BcpsSsb¦nepw XebnðBIpsaóv `bóv A`bmÀ°nIÄ AkzØXcmbn. ]nóoSv\mYpdmw ]ôm_ntbm, _wKmfntbm, knÔntbm, A`bmÀ°ntbm Añ Fóv shfns¸«p. AtXmsS AarÕÀ, Aw_me,

Ið¡¯, Im¬]qÀ XpS§o \Kc§fnse P\§Ä X§fpsSkt´mjw ]ckyambn {]ISn¸n¨p.

31.01.1948 \v ZnKw_À cmaN{µ _mUvsKsb ]qs\ t]meokvAdÌv sN¿pIbpw ]nóoSv t_mws_ t]meoknsâ IÌUnbnðhn«psImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

Bbnc¡W¡n\v BfpIsf \ntcm[\mÚ ewLn¨Xn\vt]meokv AdÌv sNbvXp. hn.Un. khÀ¡dpw AdÌnembhcnð

s]Spóp. F´v ImcW¯nsâ t]cnemWv khÀ¡dn\v taepÅ\ntcm[\mÚ tIkv KmÔnLmXI tIkpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯namänbXv Fóv hcpó A²ymb¯nð ]dbpóXmWv.

aZ³ emð ]lzsb KmÔnsIme]mXI¯n\v 10 Znhkwap³]v 20 P\phcnbn 1948 se t_mw_v kvt^mS\ tIkpambn_Ôs¸«v AdÌv sNbvXncpóp. AXn\mð At±l¯n\vIqSpXembn sIme]mXI tIkns\¸än hnhc§Ä Xcm³Ignbpambncpónñ. AXn\mð tIkpambn _Ôs¸«v At±lwXpSÀhnNmcW t\cn«p.

Xn¦fmgvN cmhnse AXmbXv 02.02.1948 \v Rm³ (tKm]mðtKmUvsk) ]Xv\ntbmSv hnS]dªv ho«nð \nópw t]mIpt¼mÄXm³ Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw AdÌnemtb¡mw Fóv kqN\\ðInbncpóp. B kab¯v Rm³ ]qs\¡v ]pd¯pÅ


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JmUvInbnð Hcp Xmak kuIcyw icnbm¡nbncpóp. 5.02.1948\vRm³ JmUvInbnð \nópw Imwsj¯n\v ]pds¸«p. Imwsj¯nð Cd§n AhnsS\nópw 10 ssað AIsebpÅ DkvIm\nte¡v\o§m³ Xocpam\n¨p. ]IpXn Zqcw t]mepw ]nón«nñ. Hcpt]meokv hm³ Fsó ]n´pScpóXv Fsâ Zrãnbnð s]«p.AhÀ Fsó B hm\nte¡v ]nSn¨n«p.

_mUvsKbpsS tkhI\mb i¦À InkvX¿ t_mws_bnsekn.sF.Un Hm^oknð t\cn«v sNóv 06.02.1948 \v ]nSnsImSp¯p.Ahkm\ambn AdÌv sN¿phm\pïmbncpó \mcmb¬B]vsX, IÀ¡sd Fónhsc t]meokv t_mws_bnð h¨vs^{_phcn 13,14 XobXnIfnð AdÌv sNbvXp. tUm. ]ÀNqscsb

KzmfntbmdnÀ h¨pXsó t]meokv AdÌv sNbvXv KzmfntbmÀtIm«bnð XShnð ]mÀ¸n¨ncpóp.

25 sabv 1948\v R§sf Fñmhscbpw t_ms_bnsekn.sF.Un Hm^oknð \nópw cïv _m¨pIfmbn Uðlnbntebv¡v hnam\amÀ¤w sImïv t]mbn. khÀ¡À A¡q«¯nðDïmbncpónñ. At±ls¯ ]ntäZnhkw (26.05.1948) BÀXÀtdmUv Pbnenð \nópw Uðlnbnð sImïv hóp.

27 sabv 1948\v R§sf Fñmhscbpw sdUv t^mÀ«nð{]tXyIw \nÀ½n¨ Pbnensâ IhmS¯nð sImïphóp. AhnsSh¨mWv R§Ä Fñmhcpw hn.Un khÀ¡dpw tUm.]ÀNqscbpwAS¡w ]ckv]cw ImWpóXv.

_mUvsK ]ntäZnhks¯ hnNmcW¡v Im¯p\nð¡msXAópXsó am¸pkm£nbmbn. AXn\mð ]nóoSv At±l¯n\v{]Xn¡q«nð \nðt¡ïnhónñ.

1947ð t_mws_ \nbak` Hcp \nbaw ]mkm¡nbncpóp.t_mws_ ]»nIv skIyqcnän sasjÀkv BIväv FómWv AXvAdnbs¸«ncpóXv. B \nba{]Imcw XmXvImeoIambn HcpPUvPnsb sh¨v kvs]jð tImÀ«pw tcJm]cambn {]tXyIA[nImchpw \ðIm³ Ignbpambncpóp. Cu PUvPn¡v NmÀPvjoäv {]ImcapÅ NmÀPpIÄ X¿mdm¡m\pw, h[in£,

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Poh]cy´w, sIme]mX{iaw, Fónhbv¡v hn[n Ið¸n¡m\pwIgnbpambncpóp. \nbahyhØbpsS kpKahpw t\cmwh®hpapÅ {]hÀ¯\¯n\pw A¸oð Imemh[n 60 Znhk¯nð\nópw 15 Znhkambn Ipdbv¡póXn\pw CXv klmbIambncpóp. Cu tIkv ]cnKWn¡th Cu \nbaw Uðlnbnepw{]mhÀ¯oIam¡n.

CcpïXpw \ndw a§nbXpamb GIm´XbpsS Aćo£¯nð \nópw R§Ä tImSXnbpsS XpdÊmb Aćo£¯ntebv¡v F¯s¸«p. AXv 27 sabv 1948 þmw XobXn cmhnse 9:30\v Bbncpóp. tImSXnbnse Aćo£w hfsc sXfnªXmbncpóp. tImSXnapdn Hcp henb lmÄ Bbncpóp. GItZiw 100

ASn \ofhpw 22 ASn hoXnbpw Dïmbncpóp. sI«nS¯nsâHómw \nebnembncpóp tImSXn.

KmÔnPn sIme]mXIt¡kn\v sIme]mXIt¯¡mÄ{]m[m\yhpw Bghpw KWn¡s¸«ncpóp. CXnsâ {][m\ImcWwKhs×âv CXns\ A´mcm{ãXe¯nð Adnbs¸SpókzX{ý hoÀ khÀ¡dpambn _Ôn¸n¨ncpóp. hoÀ khÀ¡ÀXsâ PohnX¯nsâ henb Hcp `mKw Xsó `mcX¯nsâkzmX{ý¯n\v thïn C³Uy¡v AI¯pw ]pd¯papÅAt±l¯nsâ _Ô§Ä D]tbmKn¨v sImïv clkykwLS\IÄ¡v cq]w \ðInbncpóp. CXn\v thïn At±lw]dªdnbn¡m\mhm¯ Iã¸mSpIfpw _p²nap«pIfpw ZÞ\§fpw A\p`hn¨p. lnµp¡fnð hoïpw Bßm`nam\¯nsâAánPzme sXfnbn¨psImïv AhcpsS hàmhmbncpóv lnµpkzcmPy¯n\v thïn Ahcnð cm{ãob XXzÚm\w \nd¨XpwkhÀ¡À Bbncpóp.

10 aWn¡v tImSXnbnse cPn{ÌmÀ PUvPn hcpóp Fóv{]Jym]n¨p. t^mt«m{Km^ÀamcpsS ^vfmjpIfnð \nópw{]`m]pcnXamb {]Imi¯nð At±l¯nsâ apJw Xnf§ns¡mïncpóp. {io.Z^vXmcn Fgptóäv \nópsImïv {]XnIÄs¡XnscbpÅ Ipä]{Xw hmbn¨ tijw AXv tImSXnbnðkaÀ¸n¨p.

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02 Pq¬ 1948\v km£n samgnbpsS ]IÀ¸pIÄ {]Xn`mK¯n\v \ðIphm³ tImSXn D¯chn«p. tImSXn C\n hoïpwtNcpóXv 03 Pq¬ 1948\v BWv. tImSXnbnð \nópw hóXn\vtijw R§Ä R§fpsS km[\§Ä ASp¡n s]dp¡n hbv¨p.

t\cs¯ Xocpam\n¡s¸« {]Imcw tImSXnbnð \nópw{io. A®mdmhp t`m]mSvIdn\v km£n samgnbpsS ]IÀ¸v e`n¨p.Fópam{Xañ {io t`m]mSvIÀ khÀ¡dn\v thïn hmZn¨p.{]Xn`mK¯n\v thïn hmZn¡m\pÅ NpaXe At±l¯n\mbncpóp. {io. KW]Xn dmbv, {io Pav\mZmkv salvX aäv h¡oeòmÀkhÀ¡dn\pthïn hmZn¡pI Fó tPmen¡v A¸pd¯mbn aäv{]XnIÄ¡v thïn hmZn¡póXn\pw klmbn¨p.

22 Pq¬ 1948 \v tImSXn {]XnIÄs¡XnscbpÅ Ipä]{XwkzoIcn¡pIbpw PUvPn Hmtcmcpt¯mtcmSpambn Btcm]n¡s¸«ncn¡pó Ipäw icnsb¦nð AwKoIcn¡m³ Ið¸n¡pIbpwsNbvXp. R§Ä Ipäw \nckn¨p. aZ³ emð Ipäw \nckn¨psImïv Xsó Hcp {]Ømh\ FgpXn tImSXnbnð kaÀ¸n¨p.AXv C{]Imcambncpóp.

"almß KmÔns¡Xnsc GsX¦nepw Xc¯nð lo\IrXyw

sN¿phm³ Rm³ HcpXc¯nepapÅ KqVmtemN\bnepw ]s¦Sp¯n«nñ. Fópam{Xañ A¯c¯nð Fs´¦nepw KqVmtemN\Dïmbncpónñ. 20 P\phcn 1948 se kw`hw KmÔnPnbpsSapÉow {]oW\ \b§fpsS hym]Iamb {]Xnt£[¯nsâ ̀ mKwam{Xam\v. AXn\¸pdw Hópw Xsó Cñ.'

Ipä]{X¯nð ]dªncn¡pó Imcy§Ä \nt£[n¡thtUm. ]ÀNqsc tImSXntbmSv C{]Imcw ]dªp. Rm³ HcpKzmfntbmÀ \nhmknbmWv. KzmfntbmÀ kwØm\ `cWIqSwGIoIrX C³Uy³ Khs×âns\ CXphsc AwKoIcn¨n«nñ.Fsó IÌUnbnð FSp¡póXn\v ap³]v C³Uy³ Khs×âvGsX¦nepw Xc¯nð F\ns¡Xnsc AdÌv hmdtâm IpähmfnssIamäN«tam ]pds¸Sphn¨ncpónñ.

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apJy]»nIv t{]mknIyq«dmb {io.Z^vXmcn hmZn¡pIbpwAhkm\w tImSXntbmSv kw`h Øew kµÀin¡WsaóvAt]£n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \mYqdmw AXv Hgnhm¡phm³ Bhiys¸«p. Fómð B]vsX, IÀ¡sc, aZ³emð, tKm]mðFónhÀ kw`h Øew kµÀin¡póXnt\mSv A\p`mhw {]ISn¸n¨p. i¦À InkvX¿, tUm.]ÀNqsc, khÀ¡À FónhÀ AXvXmev]cys¸«ncpónñ. ]s£ kµÀi\w 24 Pq¬ 1948\v cmhnse10:00 aWn¡v \nÝbn¡s¸«p. Ipäw sXfnbn¡m\pÅ A`n`mjIcpsS tNmZyic§Ä¡v adp]Sn ]dbphm³ Xc¯nð R§Äkw`hØew \nco£n¨p. AXv R§tfmSpÅ t\cob ]cnKW\am{Xambncpóp. R§fpsS A`n`mjIÀ IqSpXð aÕcnt¡ïnbncpóp. Nn´ C{]Imcambncpóp. k`h§fpsS ]Ým¯e§sf F{]Imcw _p²n]cambn _Ôn¸n¡mw?. ImcWw BØew am{Xambncpóp R§fpsS a\Ênsâ NnÍfpsSDbÀ¨XmgvNIfpsS GI shÅnshfn¨w.

B Øeambncpóp C³UybpsS Ncn{X¯nsâ Hc²ymb¯nsâ Ahkm\w Ipdn¨Xv. ImcWw C³Uy³ cm{ãobs¯ZimÐ§fmbn kzm[o\n¨ncpó Hcp hyànbpsS Aýw Ipdn¡s¸«Xv ChnsS Bbncpóp. IqSmsX Nnesc kw_Ôn¨nS

t¯mfw AhcpsS PohnX¯nsâ kam[m\w Im¯pkq£n¡m\pÅ CSw IqSnbmbncpóp B Øew. CXmbncpóp lnµpapÉow `nóXbpsS ]cnWnX êambn AKm[ambn apdnthð¡s¸«v icocamkIew càw ]pcï Hcp kaqlw hn`P\¯nsâZpJ§Ä KmÔnPntbmSv ]¦nSphm³ F¯nbncpó Øew.CXmbncpóp càw Hen¨psImïncn¡pó AhcpsS hrW§ÄIïv AhÀ¡v thïn Cu AklnjvWpX IeÀó ]oV\§Äs¡Xnsc temIt¯mSv BÚm]n¡m³ Xc¯nepÅ iÐw

P\§Ä (lnµp¡Ä) tXSnhóncpó Øew. ]s£ CXpXsóBbncpóp kzmÀ°òmcmb ]mZtkhIÀ KmÔnPnsb ]pIgv¯nAt±l¯nsâ Alnwkm kn²m´w h³ hnPbamsWópwcàclnXamb hn¹h¯nsâ DÖeamb DZmlcWamsWópwAt±ls¯ sXäp²cn¸n¨ncpóXpamb Øehpw. CXpXsó

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]dbpóXv AXy´w A]am\Ichpw h¦¯chpamWv. k¦SIcamb HcpImcyw ]ecpw a\Ênem¡msX t]mIpóXv càwNo´s¸«Xv e£¡W¡n\v lnµp¡fpsSXmWv FóXmWv.bmYmÀ°yw NXnbòmcpw kzmÀ°cpamb cm{ãob t\Xm¡fpwAhcpsS ]mZtkhIcpw \½psS sNhnIsf F¡mehpw\pWIÄ sImïv I_fn¸n¨v sImïncpóp FóXmWv.

hnNmcW Bcw`n¨p, hmZn `mKw sXfnhpIÄ \nc¯n.{]kvXpX Imebfhnð {]XnIÄ¡v CSbnð _ÔapïmbncpópFópw AhÀ KqVmtemN\ \S¯nbncpóp Fópw _Ôn¸n¡phm³ hmZn`mKw hfsc A[nIw ]cn{ian¨p sImïncpóp.\mYpdmw tKmUvskbpw \mcmb¬ B]vsXbpw lnµpcm{ãbpsS

]{Xm[n]cpw amt\Pn§v UbdÎdpambncpóp bYm{Iaw. AXvFXnÀ¡s¸Sm\mhm¯ hkvXpXbpambncpóp. ChÀ cïpt]cpwIqSn t_mwt_, Uðln KzmfntbmÀ FónhnS§fntebv¡vt]mbn Fóv Øm]n¡m³ hmZn`mKw {ian¨p. Fópam{Xañ 17P\phcn 1948 apXð 20 P\phcn 1948 hsc AhÀ Uðlnbnseado\ tlm«enð Xmakn¨p Fópw 29,30 XobXnIfnð sdbnðthtÌj³ hn{iaapdnbnð Xmakn¨p Fópw hmZn`mKw sXfnhpIÄ\nc¯n.

IÀ¡sd, tKm]mð tKmUvsk, aZ³emð ]lz, ZnKw_À_mUvsK, i¦À InkvX¿ FónhÀ ado\m tl«enð 20 P\phcn1948\v H¯ptNÀóp Fóv hmZn`mKw Btcm]ns¨¦nepwam¸pkm£nbm¡s¸« ZnKw_À _mUvsK¡v FXnsc AñmsXaämÀ¡pw FXnsc AXn\v X¡Xmb sXfnhpIÄ Dïmbncpónñ.

\mYpdmw tKmUvskbpw B]vsXbpw Xmakn¨ncpó ado\mtlm«enð \nópw cPnÌÀ klnXw Hcp km£nsb sImïv hóv

AhÀ IÅt¸À sImSp¯Xmbn Øm]n¨p.Hcp SmIvkn ss{UhÀ, \mYqdmw tKmUvsk, \mcmb¬

B]vsX, tKm]mð tKmUvsk, hnjvWp IÀ¡sd, ZnKw_À_mUvsK, i¦À InkvX¿ Fónhsc 20 P\phcn 1948 \v sshIptócw _nÀem lukn\v apónð Cd¡nhn«Xmbpw Ahcnð aqóv

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t]sc XncnsI sImtWm«v t¹knð Cd¡n hn«Xmbpw k£nsamgn \ðIn.

cmP`cWw Cñm¯ C³UybpsS `mKamb {_n«njv C³Uy

bnð \nópÅ hyànbmWv tUm.]ÀNqsc Fóv sXfnbn¡m\mbn hmZn`mKw Nne km£nIsf sImïv hóp. hmZn`mKwsXfnbn¡m³ {ian¨Xv tUm. ]ÀNqsc {_n«njv C³Uybnse]uc\mbXn\mð AdÌneqsSbpÅ ssIamäw Bhiyanñmbncpóp FóXmWv. am{Xañ asämcp ImcWw KzmfntbmÀ tÌänðBbp[ \nbaw Dïmbncpónñ. AXn\mð C³Uy³ bqWnb\pambn C\nbpw tNÀón«nñm¯ Kzmfntbmdnð \nópw hó hyànF¦nð tUm. ]ÀNqscsb Bbp[ \nba{]Imcw AdÌv sN¿pI

FóXv \ne\nð¡pó Hcp Imcyw Bbncpónñ.20 P\phcn 1948 apXð KmÔnPn sIme]mXI Zn\w hsc

bpÅ (30 P\phcn 1948) Imebfhnð KqVmtemN\XpSÀóncpóp Fóv Øm]n¡m³ hmZn`mKw Xms\ (almcm{ã)bnð \nópw Hcp km£nsb sImïv hóp. CXv \mYpdmwtKmUvsk, \mcmb¬ B]vsX, IÀ¡sc, ]nsó Rm\pw X½nðIïncpóp Fóv sXfnbn¡m\mbncpóp. shdpw Hcp ImgvNFóXv sImïv KqVmtemN\ Øm]n¡s¸«nñ.

hoÀ khÀ¡Às¡XnscbpÅ sXfnhpIfpw Btcm]W§Ä¡v At±l¯nsâ adp]Snbpw ]nóoSv hnhcn¡póXmWv.

hmZn`mKw 149 km£nIsf \nc¯n. AhcpsS sXfnhpIfpwsamgnIfpw 720 t]PpIÄ Dïv.

08.11.1948 \v {]Xn`mK¯nsâ Ahkcambncpóp. Hómw {]Xn\mYpdmw hn\mbIv tKmUvsk Bbncpóp. At±lw Hcphni²amb {]Ømh\ \S¯phm³ B{Kln¨p. {io. Z^vXmcn

KmÔnPnsb kzm`mhoI acW¯n\ hnt[bam¡phm³]änbXpw \nba]cambn A\phZn¡s¸«n«pÅXpambGsX¦nepw D]IcWw e`yambncpónñ.

\mYpdmw tKmUvsk.

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\mYqdman\v GsX¦nepw hn[¯nð ssZÀLyapÅ {]Ømh\\S¯m³ A\phmZw \ðIcpXv Fóv At]£n¨p. kvs]jðPUvPn Z^vXmcnbpsS At]£ XÅpIbpw \mYqdmant\mSv{]Ømh\ hmbn¡phm³ Ahkcw \ðIpIbpw sNbvXp.\mYpdmw tKmUvsk Cu hm¡pIfmð XpS§n...

ta Cäv ¹ok bphÀ HmWÀ ;

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`mKw Hóv

Ipä]{X¯n\pÅ adp]Sn

Rm³ \mYpdmw tKmUvsk, Hómw {]Xn Fó \nebnð_lpam\s¸« tImSXntbmSv Xsg¸dbpóh t_m[n¸n¨vsImÅpóp.

1. F\ns¡Xnsc X¿mdm¡s¸«n«pÅ Ipä§Ä k½Xn¡póXn\v ap³]mbn Ah \nba]qÀÆw X¿mdm¡s¸«n«pÅXñ FóvRm³ _lpam\]qÀÆw t_m[n¸n¨p sImÅs«. Ah X½nð_ÔapÅXñ. Fópam{Xañ 20 P\phcn 1948 ð \SóXpw 30P\phcn 1948\v \SóXpw hyXyØamb {ia§fmWv. Ahsbcïmbn«p Xsó ImWWw. Fómð Ah cïpw X½nð Iq«n¡pg¨v tIkv BsI aen\am¡nbncn¡póp.

2. apsó Rm³ t_m[n¸n¨n«pÅ Imcy¯nt\mSv ap³hn[nCñmsX F\n¡v tað NmÀ¯s¸«n«pÅ Ipä§Ä¡v taðF\n¡v ]dbm\pÅXv XpSÀóv t_m[n¸n¡póp.

3. Ipä]{X¯nð {]XnIÄs¡Xnsc {]Ømhn¨ncn¡póIpä§Ä F®a\pkcn¨v Häbvt¡m IqSnt¨Àtóm Fó Xc¯nð C³Uy³ in£mhn[n {]Imchpw aäv N«§Ä A\pkcn¨pwin£ e`n¡mhpó hn[¯nð I½nj³ X¿mdm¡nbn«pÅXmWv.

4. Ipä]{X¯nð hmZn`mKw ImWn¨ncn¡póXv 20 P\phcn1948ð \Só kw`hhpw 30 P\phcn 1948 ð \Só kw`hhpwHónsâ XpSÀ¨bpw Htce£yamb KmÔn h[¯ns\ Dt±yin¨pÅXp am{XamWvv FóXmWv. AXn\mð Rm³ ChnsS hyàam¡n sImÅs«! 20 P\phcn 1948ð \Só kw`hw 30 P\phcn 1948ð

\Só kw`h¯nð \nópw XnI¨pw _Ôanñm¯XmWv.5. BZyw ]dbpóXpw DbÀ¯n Nqïn¡mWn¡póXpamb

Ipäw KmÔn h[hpambn _Ôs¸«v \S¯nb KqVmtemN\bmWv. Rm³ ap³]v ]dªn«pÅXv BhÀ¯n¡s«. Ipä]{X¯nð ]dªncn¡póXn³ {]Imcw R§Ä¡nSbnð bmsXmcp


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hn[¯nepapÅ KqVmtemN\bpw \Són«nñ. Fópam{XañI½nj³ Btcm]n¡pó Xc¯nð Rm³ Ipämtcm]nXcnðHcmsfbpw AhÀ ]dbpó sXäpIÄ sN¿phm³ t{]cn¸n¨n«nñ.

6. hmZn`mKw \nc¯pó sXfnhpIfnð \nópw KqVmtemN\bpw aäpw \Són«pïv Fóv sXfnbn¡m³ IgnbpóXñ FóvRm³ ]dªp sImÅs«. KqVmtemN\bnð ]¦mfnbmbncpópFóv Btcm]n¡s¸«v am¸pkm£n BbXv ( hmZn`mKw km£n57) ZnKw_À BÀ _mUvsK am{XamWv. At±l¯nsâ (km£nþ]n.U»yp.57) k½Xw XnI¨p hnizkn¡s¸Smhpó HóñFóXv Rm³ hnkvXcn¨v {]amW§Ä klnXw sXfnbn¡póXmWv.

8. ssek³knñmsX Bbp[§fpw shSnt¡m¸pIfpwssIhiw hbv¡pIbpw sImïv \SóXpw AXn\v tijw 20P\phcn 1948se t{]cWmIpähpw ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ Ah Rm³\nt£[n¡póp. Rm³ Hcp Xc¯nepapÅ K¬tIm«¬ Ém_pItfm, ssIt_mw_pItfm, UnsämtWädpItfm, XncnItfm,dnthmÄhdpItfm, ]nkvtXmfpItfm, shSnbpïItfm ssIhiwhbv¡pItbm sImïv \S¡pItbm hmZn`mKw Btcm]n¡póXn³ {]Imcw sNbvXn«nñ. Fópam{Xañ Fsâ ssIhiwA¯c¯nepÅ Bbp[§Ä Dïmbncpónñ. Rm³ Bscbpw 20P\phcn 1948tem AXn\ptijapÅ GsX¦nepw XobXnbntem{]XnIfnð Bscbpw AXn\mbn t{]cn¸n¨n«panñ. AXn\mð CuBtcm]Ww Rm³ \ncmIcn¡póp Fóv am{Xañ C³Uy³Bbp[ \nba{]Imchpw kvt^mSI hkvXp \nba{]Imchpwin£n¡s¸Sm³ Xc¯nð Rm³ Hcp Ipähpw sNbvXn«nñ Fóvt_m[n¸n¡póp.

8. Cu Ipäw Btcm]n¡póXv am¸p km£nbmb (]n.U»yp57) ZnKw_À _mUvsKbpsS samgnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv.Fómð JÞnI 6 ð Rm³ ]dªncn¡pó {]Imcw At±lwhnizkn\ob\mb Hcp km£nbñ. Cu km£nsb (]n.U»yp 57)F\n¡v AdnbmhpóXmWv. At±lw {]bmks¸«v FsóImWm³ hóXmWv. Rm³ Hcn¡epw At±l¯nsâ Xmak

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Øe¯v hÀj§fmbn kµÀi\w \S¯nbn«nñ. At±l¯nsâ{]Ømh\ A\pkcn¨v At±lw B]vsXbpsS (cïmw {]Xn)IqsS lnµpcm{ã Hm^oknð 10 P\phcn 1948\v Fsó ImWm³F¯n FóXmWv. Fómð AXv ip² IfhmWv. Cu ]dª_mUvsKsb Aóv Rm³ lnµpcm{ãbpsS Hm^okntem aävFhnsSsb¦neptam h¨v Ató Znhkw Iïn«nñ. Fsâkmón²y¯nð B]vsXbpsS IqsS At±lw K¬tIm«¬Ém_ns\bpw ssIt_mw_v XpS§nbhtbbpw ]än NÀ¨\S¯pItbm Ah t_mwt_bnð h¨v ssIamäw \S¯mw Fóv_mUvsK Btcm]n¡póXnð {]Imcw ]dbpItbm sNbvXn«nñ._mUvsKbpsS {]Ømh\ A\pkcn¨v B]vsX FtómSvapdnbpsS shfnbnð hcphm³ Bhiys¸SpIbpw tijw B]vsXt_mw_v XpS§nbh ssIamäw sN¿póXns\ ]än kwkmcn¡m³XpS§pIbpw sNbvXp FóXmWv. CXv ]qÀ®ambpw IfhmWv.Rm\pw aäpÅhcpw KqVmtemN\ \S¯n Fóv Øm]n¡phm\pÅ _mUvsKbpsS {]Ømh\am{XamWv CXv. Rm³ 14P\phcn 1948\v ZmZdnð h¨v _mUvsKsb Häbvt¡m B]vsXbpsSIqsStbm Iïn«nñ FópIqSn Rm³ Iq«nt¨À¡s«. Fóvam{Xañ _mUvsK Ató Znhkw t_ms_bnð hóncpóp

FóXv Fsâ AdnhnepÅ Imcyw Bbncpónñ.9. Ipä]{X¯psâ cïmw `mKw JÞnI _n(1), _n(2)

Fónhbnð ]dbpw {]Imcw Rm³ Fsâ ]cn[nbntem A[nImc¯ntem Uðlnbnð ht¨m 20 P\phcn 1948ð GsX¦nepwhn[¯nepÅ Bbp[w D]tbmKn¡m³ t{]cW \ðInbn«nñ.

Cu Ipäw _mUvsK Häbv¡v sNbvXXmWóv sXfnhpIÄicnhbv¡póp. Fómð _mUvsK X\n¡v A\phZn¡s¸« am¸v

A\pkcn¨v kz´w XSn c£n¡m³ {ian¨ IÅkm£n am{XamWv.

10. Ipä]{X¯nsâ aqómw `mK¯nð F(1), F(2), _n(1),_n(2) ]dªncn¡pó t{]cWm Ipäw ap³]v ]dªn«pÅt]mseRm³ \ncmIcn¡póp.

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11. Ipä]{X¯nsâ \memw ̀ mKw cïmw JÞnIbnð ]dbpwhn[w aZ³emð ]lzsb Rm³ Häbvt¡m kwLw tNtóm 20P\phcn 1948 \v _nÀem luknð t_mw_v Fdnbphm³ t{]cn¸n¨n«nñ. CXns\ km[qIcn¡pó GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅsXfnhv Cñ. Aev]sa¦nepw sXfnhv Dïv F¦nð AXns\ Rm³K¬tIm«³ Ém_v s]m«n¡m³ t]cn¸n¨p Fó Xc¯nð_Ôs¸Sp¯phm³ IgnbpóXpañ.

12. Ipä]{X¯nse Aômw `mKw ]dbpw t]mse KmÔnPnh[¯n\v ]nónepÅ KqVmtemN\ Fó Btcm]Ww Rm³\nckn¡póp. C¡mcy¯nð F\n¡v aZ³emð ]lzbpamtbmaäv GsX¦nepw hyànbpamtbm bmsXmcp _Ôhpanñ. Fóp

am{Xañ CXns\ icnhbv¡pó Hcp sXfnhpIfpw Cñ.13. Ipä]{X¯nsâ Bdmw `mKw JÞnI F(1),(2) ]dbpw

{]Imcw Rm³ \mcmb¬ B]vsXbpambn IqSnt¨Àóv sImïvssek³knñm¯ ]nkvtXmfpItfm aäv Bbp[§tfm Cd¡paXnsN¿pItbm sImïphcnItbm sNbvXn«nñ. tUm.Z¯mt{XbFkv ]ÀNqsc, \mcmb¬ B]vsX Asñ¦nð Iq«w tNÀtómHäbvt¡m ssIhiw h¨ncpóp Fóv ]dbs¸Spó ]nkvtXmÄ,Bbp[§Ä Ch IckvXam¡phm³ AhÀ ]ckv]cw t{]cW\ðIpItbm Fsó t{]cn¸n¡pItbm sNbvXn«nñ. CXntòðhmZn`mKw \nc¯nbncn¡pó sXfnhpIÄ hnizmk tbmKyañ.apIfnð ]dª Imcy§tfmSv ap³hn[nbnñmsX Rm³ ]dbs«.JÞnI F(1), F(2) bnð Rm³ sNbvXp Fóv Btcm]n¡póIpä§Ä¡v tað _lpam\s¸« tImSXn¡v Hcp B[nImcnIXbpw ImWphm³ km[n¡póXñ. GsX¦nepw hn[¯nð IpäwImWpó ]£w AXns\ CtX Xes¡«nepÅ JÞnI _n (1)

ð s]Sp¯Ww.14. JÞnI _n(1),(2) {]ImcapÅ Ipäw ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ

Rm³ Bt«mamänIv ]nkvtXmÄ \w_À.606824, AXnsâ XncIÄFónh ssIhiw h¨p FóXv icnbmWv. Fómð \mcmb¬B]vsX, hnjvWp BÀ IÀ¡sd FónhÀ¡v Fsâ ssIhiapÅ]nkvtXmfpambn bmsXmcp _Ôhpanñ.

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15. Ipä]{X¯nsâ Ggmw `mK¯ntebv¡v IS¡pt¼mÄRm³ F§ns\ Uðlnbnð F¯s¸«p, F´n\v Rm³Uðlnbnð hóp XpS§nb Imcy§Ä hni²oIcnt¡ïXvXsóbmWv. KmÔnPnbpsS XXzimkv{Xt¯mSpÅ FsâFXnÀ¸v Rm³ Hcn¡epw ad¨v h¨n«nñ. KmÔnPnbpsS Alnwkmkn²m´amWv lnµp¡sf \nÀKpWcpw A{Ia§sf sNdp¡m³Ignhnñm¯hcpw B¡nbXv. {]tXyIn¨v apÉo§fpsS AklnjvWpXm]camb {IqcXIsf. Cu ss]imNoIamb {IqcXIÄs¡Xnsc {]XnIcn¡m³ Rm³ Fsâ s]mXpPohnXw Ahkm\n¸n¡pIbpw Fsâ Nn´mKXntbmSv kmayw ]peÀ¯póBfpIsf IqsS Iq«pIbpw sNbvXp. CXnsâ {]NcW¯n\mbnRm\pw \mcmb¬ B]vsXbpamWv apJyamb ]¦v hln¨n«pÅXv.AXn\mbn R§Ä " A{KmWn' Fó t]cnð Hcp Zn\]{XwBcw`n¨p. AXv KmÔnb³ Alnwkm hN\§tfmSv hntcm[w]peÀ¯pó Fsâbpw Fsâ Iq«mfnIfpsSbpw AklnjvWpX{]ISam¡m\mbncpónñ. F¦nepw KmÔnbpsS apÉo§tfmSpÅNmbvÆpw ap³hn[ntbmsS lnµpXmXv]cy§tfmSpw lnµp¡tfmSpapÅ hntcm[w shfnhm¡s¸Spt¼mÄ Rm³ Fsâ ho£WtImWneqsS hni²ambpw \nch[n kw`h§Ä DZmlcn¨pw

KmÔnbpsS sXäv Nqïn¡m«pIbpw KmÔnbmWv lnµp¡fpsSF®aä ZpÀhn[nIÄ¡pw AhÀ A\p`hn¡pó bmX\IÄ¡pwImcW¡mc³ FóXv a\Ênem¡n¨v At±l¯n\v kzbw sXävXncp¯phm\pw IqSpXð D¯chmZnXzt_m[apïm¡m\pw{ian¨ncpóp. Ah Rm³ ChnsS {]Ømhn¡póXmWv.

16. Imcyw t\Sm\mbn \ncmlmc kachpw {]mÀ°\m tbmK§fpw \S¯pó KmÔnb³ coXnIsf Rm³ Fsâ ]{XambA{KmWn AYh lnµpcm{ãbnepsS iàambn hnaÀin¨p.

CXns\XncmbpÅ {]Xnt£[§sf t_m²ys¸Sp¯phm³thïn Rm\pw B]vsXbpw tNÀóv kam[m\]camb \mSI§ÄAhXcn¸n¨p. A¯c¯nepÅ \mSI§Ä R§Ä Uðlnbnepw t_mws_bnepw, ]qs\bnepw, ]ômánbnepw AhXcn¸n¡pIbpïmbn. cïv XXzimkv{X§fpw X½nð hfsc henb

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A´camWv DïmbncpóXv. AXv KmÔnPnbpsS apÉo§Ä¡vthïnbpÅ A\pIqey§Ä ]nómsebpÅ A\pIqey§fpw,A`n{]mb§fpw, au\m\phmZ§fpw aqew IqSpXð IqSpXðhnShpÅXmbn. tIm¬{KÊns\ \bn¨ncpóXpw cmPy¯ns\ 15BKkvXv 1947ð hn`P\¯nsâ AhØbpsS ]ctImSnbnðF¯n¨Xpw KmÔnPn Bbncpóp. Rm³ Cu Bibs¯¸än]nómse ]dbmw. 13 P\phcn 1948ð KmÔnPn acWw hscbpÅ\ncmlmcmw Bc`n¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p Fóv F\n¡v AdnhpIn«n.Cu \ncmlmc¯nsâ ImcWw At±lw Nqïn¡m«nbXvC³Uy³ {]hiybnð lnµpþapÉow sFIyw Fó Bib¯n\vKhs×ânð At±l¯n\v \nópw Dd¸v In«Ww FóXmbncpóp.Fómð CXnsâ icnbmb Bhiyw lnµpþ apÉow sFIyañ,adn¨v 55 tImSn \ã]cnlmcw ]m¡nØm\v \ðIm³Khs×ântòð k½À±w sNep¯pI FóXmbncpóp FóvF\n¡pw Fsâ Iq«mfnIÄ¡pw a\Ênembn. 55 tImSn \ðIm³Khs×âv hnk½Xn¨ncpóp. CXnsâ D¯cw Fó \nebv¡vB]vsX \nÀt±in¨Xv KmÔnbpsS tbmK§fnð IqSpXð iàambXpw Fómð kam[m\]qÀ®hpamb {]Xnt£[ \mSI§ÄAhXcn¸n¡pI Fó Bibambncpóp. AXv shdpw \njv^e

amsWóv F\n¡v Adnbmambncpóp F¦nepw ]IpXn a\tÊmsSRm³ AXn\v k½Xw aqfn. ImcWw atäsX¦nepw ]²Xn ]IcwX¿mdm¡nbncpónñ. C¡mcW¯memWv \mcmb¬ B]vsXbpwRm\pw IqSn 14 P\phcn 1948\v t_mws_bntebv¡v t]mbXv.

17. 15þP\phcn 1948 \v R§Ä (Rm\pw B]vsXbpw)cmhnse ZmZdnepÅ lnµp almk` Imcymeb¯nse¯n.AhnsS h¨v R§Ä _mUvsKsb ImWphm\nSbmbn. _mUvsKB]vsXtbmSv Ipiew tNmZn¡pIbpw t_ms_bnð hcm\pÅ

ImcWw BcmbpIbpw sNbvXp. B]vsX ImcWw ]dªp._mUvsK AXv tI«t¸mÄ kza\Êmse R§Ä¡v hntcm[anñF¦nð _mUvsKbpw Uðlnbnð hóv \mSI¯nð ]s¦Sp¡mwFóv Xmev]cyw Adnbn¨p. R§Ä¡v ]nónð ap{ZmhmIywapg¡phm\pÅ BfpIsf BhiyambncpóXn\mð _mUvsKbp

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sS kó²X R§Ä AwKoIcn¨p. Ft¸mÄ XpS§mw FóvR§Ä _mUvsKtbmSv tNmZn¨p. Xm³ Nne Imcy§Ä {]ho¬N{µ tkXnbsb Gð¸n¨n«pïv. AXp Ignªv 17.01.1948 \vhnïpw ImWmw Fóv ]dªp sImïv _mUvsK aS§n.

18. R§Ä 15 P\phcn 1948 \v ZmZdnse lnµpalmk`Imcymeb¯nð h¨pw ]nóoSv 17 P\phcn 1948 \v cmhnsebpw_mUvsKsb Iïn«pïv.

19. R§Ä _mUvsKbpsS IqsS Zn£n¯v almcmPns\ImWm³ t]mbn Fópw At±l¯ns\ IïbpS³ B]vsX_mUvsKtbmSv hoÀ khÀ¡À R§sf (Fsóbpw B]vsXbpw)KmÔnPnsb h[n¡pI Fó NpaXe Gð¸n¨ncn¡pIbmWvFóv ]dbpIbpïmbn Fópamb _mUvsKbpsS {]Ømh\PhlÀemð s\{lphnsâbpw kp{lmhÀZnbpsSbpw _mUvsKbpsSbpw akvXnjvI¯ns\ Dev]ów am{XamWv. Rmt\m B]vsXtbm _mUvsKtbmtSm aämsc¦neptamtSm C¯c¯nð Fs´¦nepw ]dªn«nñ.

Cu {]hÀ¯nbnð hoÀ khÀ¡dn\v ]¦pïv Fóv hcp¯n¯oÀ¡m\pw Rm³ khÀ¡dnsâ BÚbnemWv {]hÀ¯n¨ncp

óXv FópÅ hmZn`mK¯nsâ hmZw Rm³ L«w L«ambn\ncmIcn¡póp. Rm³ BcpsSbpw Iognð A¯c¯nð{]hÀ¯n¨n«nñ. CXns\ Rm³ iàambn FXnÀ¡póp CXvAkXyhpw A\oXnbpw Fsâ bpànsbbpw \ymb¯ns\bpwA]am\n¡póXpamWv. hmZn`mK¯nsâ {iaw Rm³ aämcpsStbm ssI¿nse D]IcWw am{XamWv Fóv hcp¯n XoÀ¡phm\pÅXpw _menihpamWv. CXnsâ ]nónð Zpcpt±yi§Äam{XamWv DÅXv FóXnð kwibanñ.

20. Rm³ ]qs\bnð t]mbn dnthmÄhÀ kwLSn¸n¡m³t]mb Fsâ ktlmZc³ tKm]mð tKmUvskbpambn t_mws_bntebv¡v Xncn¡phm\pw AhnsS \nóv Uðlnbntebv¡v IqsSIq«m\pw ]²Xnbn«ncpóp Fó _mUvsKbpsS {]Ømh\XnI¨pw AkXyamWv. 15 P\phcn 1948 \v Rm³ _mUvsKbpambn

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apIfnð JÞnI 17 ð ]dªn«pÅ Imcy§fnð IqSpXembnHópw kwkmcn¨n«nñ. IqSmsX 16 P\phcn 1948 \v _mUvsKFsó ]qs\bnð h¨p Iïp FóXpw ip²IfhmWv. Rm³_mUvsKbpambn ]qs\bnð h¨v kwkmcn¨p Fó _mUvsKbpsS samgnbpw \pWbmWv. ImcWw Rm³ 16 P\phcn 1948 \v]qs\bnð Dïmbncpónñ. CXnð \nópw henb dnthmÄhÀhm§n¡póXn\mbn ]nkvtXmÄ amä¡¨hSw \S¯m³ Rm³_mUvsKsb Gð¸n¨n«nñ FóXv hyàamWv.

21. Rm³ ap³t] {]Ømhn¨Xn³ {]Imcw R§Ä (Rm\pwB]vsXbpw) KmÔnPnbpsS {]mÀ°\m kt½f\ Øe¯vIqSpXð iàhpw Fómð kam[m\]chpamb \mSI§Ä

Uðlnbnð Ignbpó{X thKw \S¯phm³ B{Kln¨ncpóp.AXn\mbn R§Ä¡v AhntSbv¡v t]mtIïnbncpóp. JÞnI17 ]dªXpt]mse _mUvsK \mSI¯nð ]s¦Sp¡phm³B{Klw {]ISn¸n¨ncpóp. AXymhiyambn Ipd¨v t]sc IqSnIqt«ïXv \mSI¯nsâ hnPbIcamb \S¯n¸n\v BhiyamWvFóv R§Ä¡v tXmónbncpóp. AXn\mð Uðlnbntebv¡vXncn¡pw ap³]v R§Ä bm{XbpsSbpw thmfâotbgvknsâbpwsNehn\pÅ XpI kamlcn¡m³ XpS§n.

22. 17 P\phcn 1948\v R§Ä hoÀ khÀ¡sd IïpshópwAt±lw R§sf "bikvho lpw b'( hnPbn¨v hcnI) Fóv]dªv A\p{Kln¨p FópapÅ Btcm]W§Ä Rm³iàambn \nt£[n¡póp. AXpt]mse R§Ä GsX¦nepwhn[¯nð _mUvsKbpamtbm B]vsXbpw Rm\pw X½ntemC{]Imcw DÑcn¨n«nñ "XXymchmWn Fsk `hnjy tIseAsl In KmÔnPnNn iw`À hÀsj `cfn þ AX A]se Iw

\nÝnX tlms\mÀ bXv Iln kwib \ln'. 15 P\phcn 1948 \vZmZdnse lnµpalmk` Imcyeb¯nð h¨v Rm\pw B]vsXbpw_mUvsKsb IïXn\ptijw R§Ä I¨hSImcy¯n\mbn{]Êntebv¡v t]mbn.

23. B]vsXbpw Rm\pw 17 P\phcn 1948\v hnam\ amÀ¤wUðlnbnð F¯pIbpw adn\m tlm«enð X§pIbpw sNbvXp.

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20 P\phcn 1948 \v cmhnse _mUvsK tlm«enð F¯pIbpwFhnsSbmWv kt½f\w \S¡pósXópw FhnsSbmWv \mSIw\St¯ïXv Fópw t\m¡phm³ thïn _mUvsKbpw tkhI³InkvX¿bpw IqSn KmÔnPnbpsS kt½f\ ssaXm\nbnte¡vt]mIpIbmsWóv _mUvsK Fsâbpw B]vsXbpsSbpw apónðh¨v ]dªp. cmhnse _mUvsK hót¸mÄ Rm³ XethZ\ImcWw InS¡pIbmbncpóp. kpJanñm¯Xn\mð Rm³ kt½f\ ssaXm\nbntebv¡v hcpónñóv _mUvsKtbmSv ]dªp._mUvsKbpsS {]Ømh\, _mUvsKbpw tkhI³ i¦À InkvX¿bpw \mcmb¬ B]vsXbpw tKm]mð tKmUvskbpw IÀ¡sdbpw aZ³emepw Fñmhcpw ado\m tlm«enð Hcpan¨v IqSnFópw _mUvsKbpw i¦dpw AhnsSh¨v `£Ww Ign¨p Fópwtijw B]vsXbpw IÀ¡sdbpw aZ³emepw _mUvsKbpwIpfnapdnbnð sNóv UntämtWädpIfpw, lm³Uv {Kt\UpIfpwK¬tIm«¬ Ém_v s]m«n¡m\pÅ ^yqkv hbdpIfpwBWnIfpw icnbm¡pIbpw B kabw Rm\pw i¦dpw apdnbpsSFXnÀZnibnð \nð¡pIbmbncpóp XpS§nb {]kvXmh\IÄXnI¨pw kXyhncp²amWv. Fópam{Xañ _mUvsK Fsâhmbnð XncpInb hm¡pIÄ (Rm³ ]dªp Fóv Btcm]n¨Xv)

"" _mUvsK! CXv \½psS Ahkm\ {iaamWvþ CXv \Sóncn¡Wwþ Fñmw icnbmtWm Fóv sNóv ]cntim[n¡pI.'' Rm³]dªp FóXv Rm³ iàambn \ncmIcn¡póp. B ZnhktamatäsX¦nepw Znhktam A¯c¯nepÅ hm¡pIÄ Rm³_mUvsKtbmSv ]dªn«nñ. t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨Xpt]mse _mUvsK apdnbnð hcnIbpw sshIo«s¯ {]mÀ°\m kt½f\¯nð_mUvsK ]s¦Sp¡pw Fóv Adnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. R§fpsSCSbnð B Znhkw _mUvsK ]dbpw t]mse Hcp aoänwKpw Fsâ

apdnbnð \Són«nñ. Fsâ Adnhnð tKm]mð tKmUvskAtóZnhkw Uðlnbnð t]mepw Dïmbncpónñ. apdnbnðBcpw Xsó UnätWädpItfm, lm³Uv {Kt\UpItfm kwLSn¸n¡pItbm ^yqkv hbdpIfpw BWnIfpw K¬tIm«³Ém_nð LSn¸n¡pItbm sNbvXn«nñ. bmYmÀ°y¯nð FsâssIhitam B]vsXbpsS ]¡tem A¯c¯nepÅ Hcp

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Bbp[ kmam{KnIfpw Dïmbncpónñ. Iq«mfnIÄ¡nSbnðBbp[hpw kvt^mSI hkvXp¡fpw hnXcWw sNbvXp Fóvhni²oIcn¡póXpw sXfnhmbn¡mWpóXpamb k¦ev]w t]cpt]mseXsó sXäp²cn¸n¡póXmWv. C¡mcyw _mUvsKbpsSAkmón²y¯nð hmZn¨v sXfnbnt¡ï Bhiyw Fsó kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Cñ.

24. apómse ]dªXpt]mse iàamb XethZ\ aqewRm³ KmÔnPnbpsS {]mÀ°\m kt½f\ Øet¯bv¡vt]mbnñ. B]vsX sshIo«v 6:00 aWn¡v adn\m tlm«enðXncns¨¯pIbpw ssaXm\nsb¸änbpw FhnsSbmWv tÌPv \nÀ½nt¡ïsXópw FóXns\]än Hcp Imgv¨¸mSv At±l¯n\v

In«nbn«pïv Fópw Htóm ctïm Zn\¯n\Iw \mSIw \S¯msaópw ]dªp. Hcp aWn¡qdn\Iw kvt^mS\w aqew KmÔnPnbpsS kt½f\¯nð Ipg¸apïmbn Fóv R§Ä tI«p. ]nónSvHcp A`bmÀ°nsb AdÌv sNbvXp Fópw R§Ä Adnªp.Uðln hnSpóXmWv _p²n Fóv B]vsX Fsó D]tZin¡pIbpw R§Ä A{]Imcw sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp. 20 P\phcn 1948\v lnµp almk`m Imcymeb¯nð h¨v R§Ä _mUvsKsbIïp Fóv ]dbpóXv XnI¨pw sI«pIYbmWv. 20 P\phcn 1948

\v _nÀem luknð Rm³ Dïmbncpóp Fóv \nch[nkm£nIÄ samgn \ðIpIbpïmbn. Fómð Rm³ Duón¸dbpóp hfÀóp hepXmb Hcp sXäp²mcW CXnð Dïv. aämcpsStbm kmón²yw FsâsXóv sXäp²cn¸n¡m³ Btcm {ian¡póp FóXv Rm³ AwKoIcn¡póp. Bsctbm Iïv Cukm£nIÄ sXäp²cn¡s¸«ncn¡póp. Ató Znhkw Rm³_nÀem luknð Dïmbncpónñ FóXmWv kXyw. Xp¥IvtdmUv t]meokv tÌj\nð h¨v km£nIfpsS apónð

ImWn¨t¸mÄ AhÀ Fsó Xncn¨dnªp. 12 s^{_phcn 1948hsc Fsâ Xebnepïmb _m³tUPn\mð Xncn¨dnbphm³Ffq¸ambncpóp. km£n ]dª t]meokpImÀ ap³hn[ntbmsSbmWv Imcy§sf kao]n¨ncn¡póXv. t_mws_bnð h¨v \Só

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Uðln km£nIfpsS Xncn¨dnbð ]tcUnð Rm³ CXns\¸änBZyta ]cmXn \ðInbn«pïv.

25. KmÔnPnbpsS kt½f\ ssaXm\nbnð R§fpsS tÌPv

\mSIw Nn´n¨v Xocpam\n¡s¸«p. Rm³ hfsc \ockt¯msSB]vsXtbmSv k½Xn¨p. ImcWw t_mws_bnepw ]qs\bnepwCu ]pXnb kmlNcy¯nð IgnhpÅhcpw XmXv]cyapÅhcpamb thmfâobÀamsc In«pI FóXv hfsc {]bmkapÅImcyambncpóp. CXn\v ]pdsa R§fpsS ssIhiapÅ ]WhpwXoÀóncpóp. thmfânbÀamsc t_mws_bnð \nópw Uðlnbntebv¡pw XncnsIbpw F¯n¡m\pÅ km_¯oImhØR§Ä¡pïmbncpónñ. AXn\mð R§Ä tUm. ]ÀNqscsb

ImWphm³ Kzmfntbmdnte¡v ]pds¸«p. At±l¯nsâ Iognðlnµpcm{ãtk\bpsS thfânbÀamÀ Dïmbncpóp. Fóncn¡bmepw Kzmfntbmdnð \nópw Uðlnbntebv¡pw XncnsIbpwthmfânbÀamsc F¯n¡pI FóXpw Nnehp Ipdª amÀ¤am bncpónñ. A§ns\ cm{Xn R§Ä Kzmfntbmdntebv¡v ]pds¸SpIbpw AXncmhnse Kzmfntbmdnð F¯nt¨cpIbpw sNbvXp.B kab¯pw Ccp«v amdnbncpónñ AXn\mð sdbnðth tÌj\Sp¯pÅ [À½imebnð R§Ä Xmakn¨p. cmhnse Xsó

tUm.]ÀNqscbpsS ho«nð t]mbn At±ls¯ ImWpIbpïmbn. At±lw Bip]{Xnbntebv¡v t]mIphm\pÅ Xnc¡nembncpóp. BbXn\mð D¨¡ptijw At±ls¯ ImWphm³hcphm³ ]ÀNqsc R§tfmSv \nÀt±in¨p. R§Ä 4.00 aWn¡vAt±ls¯ ImWphm³ sNóp. Fómð At±l¯nsâthmfânbÀamÀ {]mtZioIamb {]iv\§fmð Xnc¡nð BbXn\mð At±lw R§sf klmbn¡phm³ XmXv]cys¸«nñ.]qÀ®\mbpw \ncmi\mb Rm³ B]vsXtbmSv ]qs\bntem

t_mws_bntem sNóv thmfânbÀamsc At\zjn¡mw Fóv\nÀt±in¨p. B]vsX kzbw A`bmÀ°nIÄ¡nSbnð thmfânbÀamsc Xncbmw Fóv ]dªXn\mð Rm³ Uðlnbntebv¡vXncn¨v t]móp. Rm\pw B]vsXbpw Kzmfntbmdnte¡v ]pds¸«Xvclkyambn ]nkvtXmfpIÄ hnð¡pó Øe¯v \nópw

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]nkvtXmÄ kwLSn¸n¡ms\ó Btcm]Ws¯ iànbmbnRm³ \nckn¡póp. \ncmi\mbn Uðlnbnð XncnsI F¯nbRm³ Uðlnbnse A`bmÀ°nIÄ¡nSbnð thmfânbÀamscAt\zjn¨nd§n. A`bmÀ°n Im¼neqsS \S¡pt¼mÄ Fsâa\Ênð Dd¨Xpw Ahkm\s¯Xpamb Hcp {iaw Dcn¯ncnªp.A`bmÀ°n Im¼nð Id§sh Rm³ ]nkvtXmfpIÄ hnð¡póHcp A`bmÀ°nsb bmZrÝoIambn Iïpap«n. AbmÄ Fsó]nkvtXmfpIÄ ImWn¨p. Fsâ a\Ênð Abmfnð \nópw]nkvtXmÄ hm§m\pÅ {]tem`\w Dïmbn. A§ns\ Rm³Abmfnð \nópw Hcp ]nkvtXmÄ IckvXam¡n. AtX]nkvtXmÄ D]tbmKn¨v XsóbmWv Rm³ Ahkm\w IrXyw\S¯nbXv. 29þmw XobXn cm{Xn apgph\pw kaImeoIamb Cu{]iv\§sf F§ns\ Ahkm\n¸n¡mw FóXns\¸änbpwlnµp¡sf C\nbpw \mi¯nð \nópw F§ns\ c£n¡mwFóXns\¸änbpw Nnń¨pw ]p\ÀNnń¨pw kabw Ign¨p«n.hmZn`mKw DuXns¸cp¸n¨ Fsâbpw hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâbpwCSbnepÅ cm{ãobhpw aäv CXc_Ô§sf¸änbpw Rm³ C\nhni²oIcn¡póXmWv.

26. `àn\nÀ`camb lnµpþ{_mÒn¬ IpSpw_¯nð P\n¨

Xn\mð Rm³ ss\kÀKoIambn lnµp Ncn{Xhpw kwkvImchpw\ómbn ]Tn¨ncpóp. Fópam{Xañ lnµphmbn P\n¨Xnð Rm³A`nam\w sImïncpóp. Fóncpómepw aX]cambXpw cm{ãob]cambXpw Bb Hcp _Ô\§fnepw Xfbv¡s¸SmsX XsókzX{ámbn Nnń¡phm³ hn[¯nð Rm³ hfÀóncpóp.AXpsImïv XsóbmWv PòImcWw aqew ap{ZIp¯s¸SpóPmXnhyhØbpw sXm«pIqSmbvabpw CñmXm¡m³ Rm³DuÀÖkzeambn {]hÀ¯n¨ncpóXv. Rm³ PmXobXbv¡v

FXnscbpÅ {]Øm\§fnð {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw Fñm lnµp¡sfbpw Xpeycmbn ]cnKWn¡Wsaóv Bhiys¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. kmaqloIambpw aX]cambpañ, bmYrÝoIambn kw`hn¡pó P\\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepañ AhcpsS IgnhnsâASnØm\¯nemhWw hen¸ sNdp¸w \nÀ®bnt¡ïXv Fóv

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Rm³ Bhiys¸«p. PmXob hyhvØIfpw sXm«pIqSmbvaCñmXm¡m³ Rm³ ]ckyambn kaqlkZyIÄ kwLSn¸n¡pIbpw Bbnc¡W¡n\v {_mÒWÀ, £{XobÀ, sshiyÀ,NmacÀ, ̀ §nIÄ FónhtcmsSm¸w Ccpóv ̀ £Ww Ign¡pIbpwsNbvXncpóp.

27. Rm³ ZmZm_mbn \htdmPnbpsSbpw, hnthIm\µ³,tKmJse, _meKwKm[c XneIv FónhcpsSbpw {KÙ§tfmsSm¸w C³UybpsS hÀ®i`famb ]gb Ncn{Xhpw Cw¥ïv,Atacn¡, {^m³kv, djy XpS§nbhbpsSbpw Ncn{X§Ä]Tn¨ncpóp. Fópam{Xañ hfsc klnjvWpXm]cambntkmjyenkhpw I½yqWnkhpw Rm³ ]Tn¨ncpóp. Fómð

CXnt\¡mÄ KmVambn Rm³ ]Tn¨Xv KmÔnPnbpw khÀ¡dpwcNn¨Xpw {]kwKn¨XpamWv. Cu cïv XXzimkv{X§fpw FsâNnÍÄ¡pw {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw atäsX¦nepw LSI¯n\mhm¯ hn[¯nð Ignª 50 hÀjtam tasetbm Cñm¯ hn[wB[q\oI C³Uysb¸än IqSpXð cq]w \ðIn.

28. Cu NnÍfpw hmb\mioehpw Hcp a\pjykvt\lnFó \nebnepw tZikvt\ln Fó \nebnepw lnµpXzs¯bpwlnµp¡sf tkhn¡pI FóXv Fsâ [À½amWv Fó Xc¯nðFsó sImsï¯n¨p. a\pjycminbpsS Aônð Hcp`mKwhcpó lnµpP\XbpsS kpc£¡pw kzmX{ý¯n\pw apónðkzkpc£bpw kzmX{ýhpw am{Xw tXSpóXv sXämbn F\n¡vtXmón. AXn\mbn Rm³ hnizkn¡pó XXzimkv{X¯nepwlnµpkwLS\m XXzimkv{X¯nepsSbpw bXv\n¨v lnµpØmsâ kzmX{ýw t\SpIbpw AXneqsS amXr`qansbbpw am\hkaqls¯bpw tkhn¡mw Fópw Rm³ Nnń¨p.

29. hfsc hÀj§Ä Rm³ BÀ.Fkv.Fknð {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\v tijw lnµpalmk`bnð AwKamIpIbpw thmfânbdmbn ]m³ lnµp ]XmIbpsS Iognð ssk\oIs\ t]mse{]hÀ¯n¡m\pw Dd¨p. A¡me¯v hoÀ khÀ¡À lnµp almk`bpsS {]knUâv Bbn XncsªSp¡s¸«p. A§ns\ lnµpkwLS\bpsS {]hÀ¯\w asämcn¡epw Dïmbn«nñm¯Xp

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t]mse hfsc DÖehpw Ne\mßIhpambn. CXv hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ ImóI{]`mh¯nsâbpw {]hÀ¯\ ]mSh¯nsâbpwêambncpóp. e£¡W¡n\v lnµp¡Ä At±ls¯ AXn\mbn \nbpà\m¡s¸« \mbI\mbn Iïp. Rm\pw A¡q«cnðHcph\mbncpóp. Rm³ lnµpalmk`bpsS {]hÀ¯\§fnðBßmÀ°ambn {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw AXphgn khÀ¡dpambnASp¯ _Ô¯nemIpIbpw sNbvXp.

30. tijw Rm\pw Fsâ kl{]hÀ¯I\pamb B]vsXbpw tNÀóv lnµp kwLS\bpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä kaql¯nðF¯n¡m³ Hcp Zn\]{Xw XpS§m³ Xocpam\n¨p. {]ikvXcmbhfsc A[nIw lnµp kwLS\m {]hÀ¯Isc R§Ä Iïv

AhcpsS ImcpWy¯nð aqe[\ambn Ipd¨v ]Ww kzcq]n¨p.AXn\ptijw lnµp almk`bpsS {]knUâv Fó \nebv¡vhoÀ khÀ¡dns\ ImWm³ Xocpam\n¨p. At±l¯nsâ klm\p`qXnbnð ]Xn\ômbncw cq] aqe[\¯ntebv¡v At±l¯nsâ hI Fó \nebv¡v e`n¨p. {]mYaoI kuIcy¯ns\ó\nebv¡v enanäUv I¼\nbmbn cPnÌÀ sN¿Ww Fó Icmdn³{]Imcambncpóp. khÀ¡À ]Ww \ðInbXv. B ]Ww I¼\nbpsS sjbdpIfm¡n.

31. A§ns\ R§Ä "" sUbven A{KmWn '' Fó t]cnðadm¯n Zn\]{Xw Bcw`n¡pIbpw Ipd¨v Imew enanäUv I¼\nbmbn cPnÌÀ sNbvXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. hoÀ khÀ¡dpwaäpÅhcpw Xó XpI AhcpsS t]cnð 500 cq] hcpósjbdpIfm¡n. UbdÎÀamÀ¡nSbnepw aqe[\ ZmXm¡Ä¡nSbnepw A¯c¯nð {]ikvX\mbncpó hyànIÄ Bbncpóp_lpam\y\mb {io tkXv Kpem_v Nµv ({ioam³ tkXv hmÄNµv

lncmNµvPnbpsS ktlmZc\mbncpóp At±lw), anÌÀ.jn³sK(t`mdnse ap³ a{ń), {ioam³ `mevPn s]ÔmÀ¡À (tImÄ]qcnse kn\nam hyhkmbn) XpS§nbhÀ. anÌÀ B]vsXbpwRm\pambncpóp I¼\nbpsS amt\PnwKv UbdIvtäÀkv. ]{Xm[n]cmb Rm³ Xsó Bbncpóp ]{X¯nsâ \nba§Ä \ob{ń¨ncpóXv. hÀj§tfmfw R§Ä ̀ cWLS\m]camb \nba§Ä

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A\pjvTn¨p sImïv lnµpkwLS\bpsS \b§sf {]oXns¸Sp¯n ]{Xw \S¯n.

32. Zn\]{X¯nsâ ]{X{]Xn\n[nIÄ Fó \nebv¡v

R§Ä hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ hoSnsâ `q\nçnse \nebnepÅlmfnð {]hÀ¯n¨ncpó lnµp kwLS\m Imcymeb¯nðt]mIpambncpóp. hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ sk{I«dn Bbncpó Pn.hn.Zmwsebv¡mbncpóp kwLS\m Imcymeb¯nsâ NpaXe. an.A¸ IkÀ Bbncpóp hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ AwKc£I³. R§ÄZmwsesb kµÀin¨ncpóXv khÀ¡dpsS ]cky{]kvXmh\Ifpw aäv {]m[m\yaÀln¡pó bm{XIfpw, A`napJ§fpw XpS§nbhsb ]änbpÅ tcJIÄ {]kn²oIcn¡póXn\mbn IcØam

¡pI Fó e£yt¯msS Bbncpóp. Cu hnhc§Ä {]kn²s¸Sp¯póXn\pÅ AhImiw an. Zmwsebnð \n£n]vXambncpóp. Cw¥ojv hmcnIbmb " {ô lnµpØm³' sâ A[n]cmbncpó an. F.Fkv `nsU AtX \nebnð IpSp_hpsam¯vhmSIbv¡v Xmakn¨ncpóp. R§Ä khÀ¡À kZ³ kµÀin¨ncpóXnsâ cïmas¯ ImcWw `nsU, Zmwse, IkÀ, aävlnµpk`m AwK§Ä FónhÀ IqSnt¨cpó ØeambncpópAXv. R§Ä Fñmhcpw \ñ kplr¯p¡Ä Bbncpóp.

Ft¸msgñmw R§Ä t_mws_bnð t]mIpópthm At¸msgñmw R§Ä Cu Imcymeb¯nð t]mIpIbpw FñmhscbpwIïv kulrZw ]¦phbv¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. Nnet¸msgñmwlnµpkwLS\bpsS {]hÀ¯\§sf¸änbpw R§Ä NÀ¨sNbvXncpóp. Ahcnð NneÀ R§Ä¡v ]{X]cky§Ä Xóvklmbn¨ncpóp.

33. R§fpsS khÀ¡À kZ³ kµÀi\§Ä, `q\nçnse

\nebnð {]hÀ¯n¨ncpó lnµpkwLS\ Imcymebw hscbpÅXpw XnI¨pw tað ]dª ImcW§fmð km[mcW coXnbnepÅ kµÀi\§Ä am{Xhpw Bbncpóp Fóv Cu kµÀ`¯nð{]tXyIw Ipdn¨ntSïXpïv. hoÀ khÀ¡À Hómw \nebnembncpóp Xmakn¨ncpóXv. ap³Iq«n \nÝbn¨ {]tXyI A\paXn

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CñmsX khÀ¡sd kzImcyambnt¸mepw A`napJw \S¯m³Ignbnñmbncpóp.

34. aqóv hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v khÀ¡dnsâ BtcmKy\ne

hjfmhpIbpw At±lw InS¸nemhpIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\ptijw Fñm s]mXp {]hÀ¯\§fpw At±lw \ndp¯n hbv¡pIbpw s]mXpPohnX¯nð \nópw At±lw Øm\w HgnbpIbpwsNbvXp Fó GItZi AhØbnð F¯s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ Im´oI {]`mheb¯nepÅ t\XrXz¯n\vtIm«w X«nbt¸mÄ AXv lnµp almk`bpsS {]hÀ¯\§sfkmcambn _m[n¨p. tUm.apJÀPn {]knUâv Bbt¸mÄlnµpalmk` tIm¬{KÊnsâ ssI¿nse Ifn¸m«ambn¯oÀóp.

KmÔnbpsS lnµphncp² {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw apÉnw eoKnsâKqVhpw \oNhpamb Dt±iy§Ä¡pw FXnsc {]XnIcn¡m\pÅtijn lnµp almk`bv¡v CñmXmbn. {]Xo£ \in¨ F\n¡v`cWLS\m \nba§Ä¡v AXnjvTnXambn lnµpkwLS\{]Øm\¯nð XpScpóXnð AÀ°anñ Fóv t_m²yambn.Rm³ Fsâ hgn kzoIcn¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. Rm³ bphm¡fmblnµp¡sf kwLSn¸n¨v tIm¬{KÊns\bpw apÉow eoKns\bpwFXncnSm\pÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v ]gb lnµp almk`m t\Xm

¡fpsS A\paXn tNmZn¡msX Xsó XpS¡w Ipdn¨p.35. Rm³ ChnsS Nqïn¡m«nbXv thZ\mP\Iamb A\h[n

kw`h§Ä¡nSbnð \nópw hfsc¡pd¨v kw`h§Ä am{XamWv.KmÔnPns¡Xnsc B´coIambpw apÉow eoKns\Xnsc _mlyambpw t]mcmSm³ Xocpam\n¨n«v t]mepw hoÀ khÀ¡tdm aävlnµp almk`m t\Xm¡tfm Fsâbpw Fsâ bph kwLS\bpsSbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v hfsc¡mew adp]Sn \ðIpItbm

hgnIm«pItbm A`n\µn¡pItbm sNbvXnñ. 1946 ð kp{lmhÀ±nKhs×ânsâ t\XrXz¯nð t\mJmenbnð lnµp¡Äs¡XnscapÉo§Ä ]²Xn X¿mdm¡n B{IaWw Agn¨p hn«p. CXvR§fpsS càw Xnf¸n¨p. KmÔn kp{lmhÀ²nsb kwc£n¡ms\¯nbt¸mÄ R§fpsS A]am\¯n\pw tIm]¯n\pw AXncpIÄ CñmXmbn. KmÔn At±ls¯ jloZv kmln_v Fóv

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A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp. {]mÀ°\m kt½f\§fpw kwLSn¸n¨p. Uðlnbnð Xncns¨¯nb tijhpw KmÔn lnµp t£{X§fnepw `§n tImf\nbnepw \S¯nb {]mÀ°\m kt½f\§fnð Jpdm³ hmbn¨p. akvPn±pIfnð `KhZv KoX hmbn¡m\pÅ\s«ñpd¸v apÉow GPâmb KmÔnPn¡vv Cñmbncpóp. A{]ImcwsNbvXmð Dïmhpó `hnjy v̄ F´mbncn¡pw Fóv \ómbnAt±l¯n\v Adnbmambncpóp. klnjvWp¡fmb lnµp¡fpsShnImc§sf A¸msS Nhn«nt¯¡m³ At±lw aSn¨ncpónñ.Cu hnizmkw hncp²amsWóv ImWn¡m\mbn (lnµphpw AklnjvWp¡fmbn¯ocpw AhcpsS Bßm`nam\s¯ tNmZywsNbvXmð) Rm³ Xocpam\n¨p.

36. B]vsXbpw Rm\pw IqSn KmÔnPnbpsS {]mÀ°\mkt½f\§f\ k`Ifnð R§fpsS hni²oIcW \mSI§ÄBcw`n¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. B]vsXbpw Hcp henb hn`mKwA`bmÀ°nIfpw IqSn KmÔnbpw At±l¯nsâ jloZv kp{lmhÀ±nbpw sXäpImcmWóv Øm]n¡phm\mbn ̀ §n tImf\nbnse{]mÀ°\m kt½f\ Øet¯bv¡v ]pds¸«p. Cu henbhn`mKw {]Xnt£[¡msc IïbpSs\ KmÔnPn t]Sn¨v hnd¨v]pd¯v Imhemsf \nÀ¯nb Dd¸pÅ apdnbnð HmSnsbmfn¨p.

Fómð B kab¯v GsX¦nepw Xc¯nð Aev]sa¦nepw_e{]tbmKw \S¯Wsaóv R§Ä a\Ênð t]mepw IcpXnbncpónñ.

37. Fómð hoÀ khÀ¡À Cu hni²oIcW \mSIs¯¸änbpÅ dnt¸mÀ«v hmbn¨ tijw Cu \mSIw kam[m\]qÀ®ambncpón«v IqSn Fsó kzImcyambn hnfn¨v hcp¯nimkn¡pIbmWv DïmbXv.

"" F{]ImcamtWm \nsâ ]mÀ«nbpw Ce£³ _q¯pIfpwXIÀ¯Xn\v tIm¬{KÊpImsc Rm³ IpähmfnIfmbn ImWpóXv A{]Imcw lnµp kwLS\¡mcpsS `mK¯v \nópïmhpótamiw {]hÀ¯nIfpw Rm³ Ipäambn«v XsóbmWv ImWpóXv.KmÔnPn At±l¯nsâ {]mÀ°\m kt½f\§fnð lnµphncp² \b§Ä \S¸nem¡póp F¦nð At±l¯nsâ

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{]mÀ°\m kt½f\§Ä Dt]£n¡pI. \½Ä¡nSbnð Fñm]mÀ«nIfpw `cWLS\m]camb \nba§fnð AXnjvTnXambn{]hÀ¯n¡pI''

38. cïmas¯ {][m\s¸« kw`hw Act§dnbXv C³UybpsS hn`P\w Xocpam\n¨t¸mgmWv. tIm¬{KÊv Khs×âvXsó Bbncn¡pw hn`PnX C³Uy `cn¡m³ t]mIpóX.vAhcpsS \ne]mSnt\mSv HcpIq«w lnµpalmk`m{]hÀ¯IÀ¡vlnµp almk`bpsS \ne]mSv C¡mcy¯nð AdnbWambncpóp.hoÀ khÀ¡dpw aäv DbÀó lnµp t\Xm¡fpw DS\SnbpwDuónbpw ]dªXv ]mÀ«n t\m¡msXbpÅ kzX{´ambpÅ HcpKhs×âv Bbncn¡pw cq]nIcn¡s¸SpI. (tIm¬{KÊv) Fóncn

¡epw lnµpØm³ Khs×âv Fó coXnbnð tZiobambns]cpamdpIbpw _lpam\n¡s¸SpIbpw thWw. ]m¡nØmsâcq]nIcWw tJZIcamsW¦nepw AhcpsS ̀ mhn e£yw hnizmktbmKyamWv. ]pXpXmbn cq]w sImÅpó C³Uybv¡v FñmhcpsSbpw ]cn]qÀ® ]n´pW thWw. AhcpsS am{Xw A`n{]mb¯nð ]pXpXmbn e`n¨ kzmX{´yw kwc£n¡m³ km[n¡ptam?. C³Uy³ tÌäns\ A«nadn¡m³ e£yw h¨pÅ GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅ \nKqVhpw ]m]]¦nehpamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ¡v

]m¡nØm³ apXnÀómð apgph³ C³UybpsSbpw iànapÉo§Ä Xncn¨dnbpw.

39. Rm\pw Fsâ kplr¯p¡fpw hnizmkw hcmsXXncnsI \Sóp. R§fpsS DÅnsâ DÅnð hoÀ khÀ¡dnsât\XrXzt¯mSpw `mhn ]²XnIfpw ]cn]mSnIfpw IqSn BtemNn¡póXnt\mSv Ftóbv¡pambn hnS]dbphm\pÅ t\cambnFóv tXmón. Fópam{Xañ R§fpsS `mhn ]²XnIÄ IqSn

BtemNn¡póXnð \nópw At±ls¯ AIän \nÀ¯pIbpwsNbvXp.

40. AXn\ptijw `bm\Iamb apÉow aX{`m´v ]ôm_nepw C³UybpsS aäv ]e`mK§fnepw s]m«n¸pds¸«p. ]ôm_nepw, _nlmdnepw Ið¡¯bnepw C³UybpsS aäv `mK§fnepwapÉow aX{`m´òmcmb tZit{ZmlnIsf XSbm³ sNó lnµp

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¡sf tIm¬{KÊv Khs×âv ]oVn¸n¡pIbpw tIknðs¸Sp¯pIbpw shSnsh¨v sImñpIbpw sNbvXp. R§Ä `bs¸«Xvkw`hn¨psImïncpóp. Cu Ahkc¯nð 15 BKkvXv 1947hfsc BtLmj]qÀÆhpw {]`m]qcnXhpambn BtLmjn¡pIFóXv R§sf kw`hn¨nSt¯mfw hfsc ZpJIchpw A]am\Ichpw Bbncpóp. Cu Ahkc¯nð apÉo§Ä ]ôm_nselnµp `h\§sfñmw Aán¡ncbm¡pIbpw lnµp¡fpsS càw\ZnIfnð Hgp¡pIbpambncpóp. lnµp almk`¡mÀ Fsât{]cWbmð BtLmj§Ä thïóv hbv¡pIbpw apÉowPnlmZnIÄs¡Xnsc sIm¬{KÊv Khs×ânt\mSv t]mcmSm³Ddbv¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

41. lnµp almk`bpsSbpw BÄ C³Uym lnµp I¬sh³jsâbpw hÀ¡n§v I½än 1947 BKkvXv 09,10 XobXnIfnðUðlnbnð h¨v hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ {]knUâv A[nImc¯nðIqSn. lnµp almk`sbbpw AXnsâ BNmcyòmcmb hoÀkhÀ¡À, tUm. aqJÀPn, an. Fð._n. t`m]mSvIÀ aäpÅhÀFónhsc R§fpsS Imgv¨v¸mSntebv¡v sImïphcm\pÅB]vsXbpsSbpw Fsâbpw aäv kplr¯p¡fpsSbpw Ahkm\{iaambncpóp CXv. R§Ä aptóm«v h¨Xv FXncnSphm³

XsóbpÅ ]²Xn Bbncpóp. Fómð lnµpalmk` hÀ¡n§vI½än sslZcm_mZv Khs×ân\v FXnscbpÅ Cu B£³I½än¡v AwKoImcw \ðInbnñ Fópam{Xañ ]pXpXmbn cq]wsImï hn`PnX C³UybpsS `cW]mÀ«nbmb tIm¬{KÊns\\ncmIcn¡m\pw k½Xn¨nñ. hn`PnX C³Uybpw hn`Pn¡m³Iq«v \nó i]n¡s¸« ]mÀ«nbpw Fsó kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfwHcpt]mse Bbncpóp. 15 BKkvXv 1947\v lnµp¡Ä `Kvh]XmI (Imhn) hoSn\v apIfnð DbÀ¯pI Fó hÀ¡n§v I½än

bpsS D]mb¯n\v hoÀ khÀ¡À \ðInb adp]Sn C§ns\Bbncpóp. N{It¯mSpIqSnb {XnhÀ® ]XmIbmWv tZiob]XmIbmbn ]cnKWn¡s¸«n«pÅXv. AXn\mð AXv FñmhcpwAwKoIcn¡Ww. R§Ä At±l¯nsâ at\m`mht¯mSv]ckyambn AaÀjw tcJs¸Sp¯n.

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42. 15 BKkvXv 1947 \pam{Xañ, lnµp kwLS\¡mÀ hoSn\vap³]nð `Kvh ]XmItbmsSm¸w tZiob ]XmI Fó\nebnð{XnhÀ®]XmIbpw DbÀ¯Wsaóv hoÀ khÀ¡À B{Kln¨p.IqSmsX tUm. aqJÀPn {SwKv tImÄ hgn C³Uy³ bqWnbsâIcSv \nba]{XnI AwKoIcn¡s« Fóv hoÀkhÀ¡dnt\mSvA\phmZw tNmZn¨t¸mÄ ""]pXnb kÀ¡mÀ tZiob kÀ¡mdmbn]cnKWn¡s¸SpóXn\mð AXns\ ]n´pWbv¡Ww. Cu ]{XnI kzoIcn¡póXphgn Fñm lnµp kwLS\¡mcpw Khs×ân\v]cn]qÀ® ]n´pW \ðIWw. Fópam{Xañ tUm.aqJÀPnsbt]mepÅ lnµpalmk`m t\Xm¡sf hnfn¡m\pw kwkmcn¡m\pw Khs×âv cq]nIcW¯nð ]s¦Sp¡m³ £Wn¡m\pwKhs×âv ImWn¡pó Cu hn«phogvN at\m`mhs¯ At±lw{]iwkn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. {io.`q]mSvIdpw tUm. aqJÀPnsb]n´pW¨p.

43. CtXkabw aäv tIm¬{KÊv t\Xm¡fpw {]mtZioIa{´namcpw lnµp almk`bpambpw hoÀkhÀ¡dpambpw ]n´pWbv¡mbn k¼À¡w ]peÀ¯pópïv FóXv shfnhmbn XpS§n.hoÀ khÀ¡À ]n´pSÀóncpó \b§fpw AXpXsó Bbncpóp. apJy[mcbnð \nð¡pó Hcp tZikvt\lnsb F\n¡v

FXnÀ¡m³ Ignbpambncpónñ. tIm¬{KÊv Khs×âv KmÔnPnbpsS hncðXp¼nse B«n³]qSt]mse XpSÀóp. Fómð lnµphntcm[w Fó Bib{`m´v KmÔnPn Khs×ân\ptað \ncmlmcw kXym{Klw XpS§nb amÀ¤§fneqsS k½À±w sNep¯nASnt¨ð¸n¨v sImïncpóp. Cu kmlNcy¯nð GsXmcpapJy[mcm {]hÀ¯I\pw KmÔnPnbpsS tkÑm[n]Xy¯n\vhg§ns¡mSp¡pIbpw lnµp¡sf hôn¡pIbpw sN¿pw FóvF\n¡v a\Ênembn.

44. hoÀ khÀ¡dnsâ Hmtcm \b§tfmSpw DÅ FXnÀ¸vFó coXnbnð Rm\pw B]vsXbpw aäv bph lnµp almk`m{]hÀ¯Icpw XnI¨pw kzX{´ambn IÀ½]²Xn BhnjvIcn¡pIbpw AXv hoÀ khÀ¡À AS¡apÅ aäv {]apJ lnµp alm

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k`m t\Xm¡fpambn ]¦phbv¡m³ X¿mdmImXncn¡pIbpwsNbvXp.

45. Rm³ ]ckyambn Fsâ Zn\]{Xamb "A{KmWn' AYh

""lnµp cm{ã''bneqsS lnµp almk`bpsS \b§sf hnaÀin¡m³ XpS§n. am{Xañ, ]pXnb Xeapdbmb lnµp kwLS\{]hÀ¯Isc R§Ä R§fpsS IÀ½]²Xnbntebv¡v £Wn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

46. Fsâ ]pXnb kzX{´amb IÀ½]²Xn {]hr¯n]Y¯nse¯n¡m³ cïv {][m\Imcy§Ä GsäSp¡m³ Rm³Xocpam\n¨p. Hómat¯Xv KmÔnPns¡XnscbpÅ iàhpwFómð kam[m\]qÀ®hpamb {]Xnt£[\mSI§Ä Bbncpóp. AXphgn kwLSnXcmb lnµp¡fpsS AkwXr]vXnAt±ls¯ t_m[ys¸Sp¯Ww Fópw lnµp hncp²ambAt±l¯nsâ {]mÀ°\m kt½f\§fnð s]mXpP\§Ä¡nSbnð Bib¡pg¸w krãn¡Ww Fópw Rm³ B{Kln¨p.cïmaXmbn apÉo§Ä \S¯pó AXncp Ihnª aX{`m v́ IeÀó A{Ia§fnð \nópw lnµp ktlmZcòmscbpw ktlmZcnIsfbpw kwc£n¡phm³ thïn sslZcm_mZv Khs×ân\vFXnsc {]t£mZw kwLSn¸n¡phm\pw Xocpam\n¨p. A¯cw]²Xn clkyambpw tkOm[n]Xy]cambpw \St¯ïXmbncpóp. Ch tNmZyw sN¿m¯hcpw R§sf A\pkcn¡póhcpambhcpsS apónð am{Xta ]ckyam¡phm³ IgnbpambncpópÅp.

47. apIfnð ]dª {]Øh\Ifnð Hópw Xsó Rm³hoÀkhÀ¡dpsS ssI¿nse Ifn¸mh Bbncpóp Fóv hmZn`mKw Btcm]n¡pw t]mse ImWm³ IgnbpóXñ. Cu hmZw

Fsâ {]hÀ¯n¡pw A`n{]mb¯n\papÅ kzmX{´y¯n\ptatað {]lcn¡pó hn[¯nepÅ a\¸qÀÆamb A[nt£]ambn«mWv F\n¡v A\p`hs¸SpóXv. tað]dª {]Øh\IÄFsó¡pdn¨pÅ sXäp²mcWIÄ (A§ns\ Hópsï¦nð)Xncp¯póXn\mbmWv Rm³ Dóbn¨n«pÅXv. Fsâ {]Ømh\XpScpóXn\v ap³]mbn Rm³ Hcn¡ð¡qSn Duón¸dbpóp hoÀ

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khÀ¡dn\v Fsâ IÀ½]²XnIsf]äntbm KmÔnsb Rm³\ndsbmgn¨v sImñm³ Dd¨Xns\ ]äntbm Hópw Adnbnñ. Rm³hoïpw ]dbpóp, CXv XnI¨pw \pWbpw hmØh hncp²hpamWv Fsâ kmón²y¯nð B]vsXtbm Asñ¦nð Rm³kzta[tbm _mUvsKtbmSv hoÀ khÀ¡À KmÔnPnsbbpws\{lphns\bpw kp{lmhÀ±nsbbpw h[n¡m³ D¯chv \ðInFóv ]dªn«nñ. am¸pkm£n Fó\nebnð At±lw]dbpósXñmw kXyhncp²amWv. R§Ä _mUvsKsb hoÀkhÀ¡dnsâ `h\¯nð sImïpt]mIpItbm At±lw""bikzo lqw b'' Fóv BinÀhZn¡pItbm sNbvXn«nñ.B]vsX Fsâ kmón²y¯ntem Rm³ kzta[tbm, KmÔnbpsS100 hÀj§Ä Ignªp AXn\mð \mw hnPb ]Y¯nð F¯nFóv hoÀ khÀ¡À ]dªXmbn _mUvsKtbmSv ]dªn«nñ.Rm³ A¯c¯nepÅ BinÀhmZ§Ä Bin¡pó AÔhnizmkntbm `mhn {]hN\§fnð hnizkn¡pó _meIt\m Añ.

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`mKw cï

KmÔnbpsS cm{ãob¯nsâ kq£va

]cntim[\

L«w Hóv

48. 30 P\phcnbnse kw`h§fpsS ]Ým¯e¯nð 1948IÄ ]qÀ®ambpw cm{ãobw am{XamWv. AX{Xbpw ssZÀLy¯nð Xsó Rm³ hnhcn¡m³ B{Kln¡póp. KmÔnPn FñmaX{KÙ§sfbpw _lpam\n¡pIbpw {]mÀ°\m tbmK§fnðAh hmbn¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. AXnð F\n¡v FXnÀ¸v

Dïmbncpónñ Fópam{Xañ aX§Ä X½nð XmcXay ]T\w\S¯póXv XoÀ¨bmbpw Hcp \ñ KpWambn Rm³ ImWqIbpwsNbvXp.

49. hS¡v ]Snªmd³ AXnÀ¯n {]tZi§fpw sX¡p`mKs¯ tI¸v tImtamdn³, Idm¨n¡pw Bkman\pw CSbv¡pÅ{]tZi§fpw hn`P\¯n\v ap³]v C³UybpsS `mKw Bbncpóp.Fsó kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Fsâ amXr`qanbpsS `mKhpw. Cuhnimeamb {]tZi¯v hnhn[ hnizmk¯nðs¸« BfpIÄhkn¨ncpóp. ChnsSbpÅ P\¯n\v AhcpsS XXzimkv{X¯n\pw hnizmk¯n\pw A\pkcn¨v Xpeyamb kzmX{´ywe`n¡s¸SWsaóv Rm³ B{Kln¨p. Cu {]tZi¯v A\h[nlnµp¡Ä hkn¨ncpóp. AhÀ¡v AhcptSXv Fóv ]dbphm³cmPy¯n\v ]pdt¯m AIt¯m Øew Dïmbncpónñ. AXpsImïv Xsó lnµpØm³ Bbncpóp HmÀ½hbv¡póImewapXð lnµp¡fpsS amXr`qan. lnµp¡Ä t]cpw {]ikvXnbpw

Iebpw kmlnXyhpw kwkvImchpw imkv{Xobamb AdnhpIfpwt\SnbXv Cu cmPy¯nð \nómWv. lnµp¡Ä IgnªmðapÉo§fmWv ASp¯Xmbn cmPy¯pÅXv. 10 \qämïv apXðapÉow ̀ cW¯nð C³UybpsS henb Hcp `mK¯nð A[nImcwØm]n¨v AhcpsS hgnsXfn¨hÀ.


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50. {_n«ojpImcpsS BKa\¯n\v ap³]v lnµp¡fpw apÉo§fpw \qämïpIfneqsSbpÅ A\p`h¯nð \nópw a\Ênem¡nbXv apÉo§Ä¡v ChnsS bPam\òmcmbncn¡m³ IgnbpItbm ChnsS \nópw HmSnt¸mIphm³ IgnbpItbm Cñ FóhkvXpXbmWv. CcpIq«cpw ChnsS Xsó Pohnt¡ïnhcpwFóXpw cïvIq«À¡pw a\ÊnembXpamWv. adm¯cpsS DbÀ¨bpw cPv]p¯v bp²§fpw knJv Iem]§fpw C³Uybnð apÉo§fpsS hmkw ZpÀ_eam¡n Fóncpómepw NneÀ C³UybnðB[n]Xyw ]peÀ¯n. Fómð ]cnNbk¼ócmb BfpIÄCu {]Xo£IÄ \njvêamsWóv a\Ênem¡nbncpóp. {_n«ojpImÀ bp²¯nð lnµp¡sfbpw apÉn§sfbpw AhÀ hfsc\n]pWcpw {]_ecpamsWóv Im«n¯óp. lnµp¡fpsSbpwapÉn§fqsSbpw Poh\pw kz¯n\pw bmsXmcp hn[ ]£]mX§fpw Im«msX kpc£ \ðIns¡mïv A[nImc ss\]pWywsImïv AhÀ Fñmhscbpw AÛpXs¸Sp¯n. Ahsc XSbm³IgnbpIbnñ Fóv CcpIq«À¡pw t_m²ys¸«p. hyXymkwHópam{XamWv {_n«njpImÀ hót¸mgpw lnµp¡fpw apÉn§fpwX½nð Aćw Dïmbncpóp AhÀ AhcpsS A[nImcw\ne\nÀ¯m³ thïn B hyXymkhpw Aćhpw a\km£nbn

ñm¯ hn[¯nð IqSpXem¡n. ̀ cn¡póhcnð \nópw kzmX{ýhpw A[nImchpw P\¯n\v e`n¡phm³ thïn C³Uy³\mjWð tIm¬{KÊv Bcw`n¨p. XpS¡¯nð AXnsâ XXzw]qÀ® tZiobXbpw ap{ZmhmIyw P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nð FñmhÀ¡pw Xpeyamb A[nImchpw \oXnbpw FóXmbncpóp. sshtZioI \oba§Ä Cu XXz¯nð hyXymkwhcp¯n P\m[n]Xy iàn Fóm¡n amän.. Fsâ s]mXpPohnXwXpS§m³ P\§Ä F\n¡v k¦SlÀPn kaÀ¸n¨p.

51. s]mXphmb Imcy§fnð hÀ¤obhpw aX]cambXpamb]cnKW\IÄ Hgnhm¡Wsaóv Fsâ teJ\§fnepw {]kwK§fnepw Rm³ Nqïn¡mWn¨ncpóp; XncsªSp¸pIfnð, ]mÀesaân\v AI¯pw ]pd¯pw, Im_ns\äv Dïm¡pt_mgpw Fñmw.Fñmhn`mK§fnepw DÅ t\Xm¡Ä AS§nb Hcp atXXcamb

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Hcp cmPy¯n\mbn Fón«pw Rm³ \nesImïp. Fsâ a\ÊnðCXpam{XamWv _p²n]camb Xocpam\w Fóv sXfnªp.(ChnsS Rm³ _nemkv ]qcnð 1944 \v \Só lnµp almk`bpsSkt½f\¯nð ]mkm¡nb Xocpam\§Ä hmbn¡póp, annexure ]pdw 12,13). tIm¬{KÊv kzm[o\¯nð lnµp¡fpsS ]ptcmKXn¡mbn Cu XXzw AwKoIcn¡póp. Fómð BZyw HcpkapZmbw Fó \nebv¡v apÉo§Ä hntZi bPam\òmcpsShn`Pn¨v `cn¡pI Fó \b¯nð lnµp¡fpsS tað A[nImcwØm]n¡mw Fó B{Klw shSnbWw. Cu ImgvN¸mSnt\mSpÅBZykqN\bmbn Xcw Xncn¨pÅ Øm\mÀ°nIÄ FóBhiy¯n\v 1906 ð temÀUv antâm XpS¡an«ncpóp. ZpÀ_e

hn`mK kc£Ww FóXnsâ Iognð {_n«ojv Khs×âv CXvAwKoIcn¨ncpóp. Fómð tIm¬{KÊv ]mÀ«n hm¡pIÄsImïv CXns\ FXnÀ¯ncpóp. CXv IqSpXð hn`mKobX]SÀ¯pIbpw AwKoIcn¡mt\m Hgnhm¡mt\m Ignbm¯hn[¯nepÅ Hcp Zpjn¨ kq{XhmIyambn 1934 Bbt¸mtgbv¡pw amdpIbpw sNbvXp.

52. A§ns\ Bc`n¡s¸SpIbpw XojvWamIpIbpw Ahkm\w cmPy¯nsâ hn`P\w Bhiys¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. BZyw

Dïmb G¨psI«v ]m¡nkvXm\mbn ]cnWan¨p. Cu sXävXpS¡¯nð hntZinIsf HmSn¡m\pÅ ÇmJ\obamb D]m[nbmbn ImWs¸SpIbpw Ahkm\w hn`mKobX Xms\ CñmXmbnsImÅpw Fóv {]Xo£n¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp.

53. Hs¯mcpan¨pÅ Øm\mÀ°nXzw Fó Fsâ ip]mÀibv¡v hncp²ambn shsd shsd Øm\mÀ°nIÄ Fó Bibt¯mSv Fsâ a\Êns\ Rm³ ]mIs¸Sp¯n. ImcWw apÉo§Ä

AhcpsS Imcy¯nð Ipim{KXbpÅhÀ Bbncpóp. Fóncpómepw Øm\mÀ¯nXzw Fñm PmXnIÄ¡pambn XpeyambnhoXn¡Ww Fóv Rm³ iTn¨p. Rm³ Fsâ Cu Bib¯nðamäanñmsX Dd¨p \nóp.

54. {_n«ojv `cWm[nImcnIfpsS t{]cWbmepw KmÔnPnbpsS IognepÅ tIm¬{KÊv Khs×ânsâ ss[cy¯nepw apÉow

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eoKv hÀ¤ob]cambn IqSpXð Bhiy§Ä Dóbn¡m³ XpS§n.apÉow hn`mK§Ä apgph\mbn apÉow eoKns\ ]n´pWbv¨p.hÀj§Ä Ignbpt´mdpw apÉow hn`mK§Ä XncsªSp¸vkab¯v aX{`m´nsâ sam¯¡¨hS¡mcmIpIbpw eoKpwapÉo§fpw hn`P\w Fó \b¯ntebv¡v IqSpXð ASp¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

55. Rm³ aptó ]dªXpt]mse hÀKob ASnØm\¯nepÅ Øm\mÀ¯nIÄ Fó Bib¯nt\mSpÅ FXnÀ¸n\v]Icw tIm¬{KÊv apÉow eoKnsâ Bhiy§Ä¡v hg§ns¡mSp¡pIbmWv DïmbXv. BZyw 1916 se eJvt\mbnse Icmdnepw]nóoSv `cWLS\m]camb aäv Imcy§fnepw. tZiobXbnð

\nópw P\IobXbnð \nópw DÅ Cu ]nòmäw hcm³ t]mIpó h³ Zpc´¯nsâ ^e¯ns\¸än kqN\ \ðInbncpóp.

56. 1920 ð temIam\y XneInsâ hntbmK¯n\v tijwKmÔnPnbpsS kzm[o\w tIm¬{KÊnð hÀ²n¡pIbpw ]nóoSv{]_eamIpIbpw sNbvXp. At±l¯nsâ P\a\ÊpIsf DWÀ¯pó {]hÀ¯\§Ä _es¸SpIbpw iàn{]m]n¡pIbpwsNbvXp. At±l¯nsâ Alnwkm ap{ZmhIyw BtLmj]qÀÆwP\§Ä GsäSp¯p. GsX¦nepw bpànbpÅ hyàntbmBßob DóXnt\Snbhtcm Cu ap{ZmhmIys¯ Bbp[am¡nbncpónñ. kvXy¯nð AXv ]pXnbtXm AXnð Imcyancpónt«mAñ. AXv P\ aptóä¯n\v XÀ¡anñm¯ hkvXpX Bbncpóp.hensbmcp P\hn`mK¯n\pw C¯cw XXz§Ä k¦ð¸wam{Xambncpóp. AYh Cu {]uUhpw IrXyXbpapÅ \nba§Ä PohnX¯nð kz]v\w am{Xambncpóp. Fóncpómepw _lpam\hpw cmPyt¯mSpw DähtcmSpw DSbhtcmSpapÅ kvt\lhpw

R§sf A{IacmlnXyamÀKw Dt]£n¡m\pw _ew {]tbmKn¡m³ Xocpam\n¡m\papÅ AhØbpïm¡n. A{Ia§Äs¡Xnsc Bbp[§Ä D]tbmKn¨pÅ {]Xntcm[w A\ymbamWvFóv F\n¡v DÄs¡mÅm³ Ignªncpónñ. Fópam{XañIgnbpsa¦nð i{Xphnsâ tað A[nIiàn {]tbmKn¡pIXsó thWw. {io cmaN{µ³ cmhWs\ sImóv koXsb

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c£n¨Xv bp²¯neqsS Bbncpóp. {io IrjvW³ Iwks\sImóv At±l¯nsâ ZpãX Ahkm\n¸n¨p. alm`mcX bp²¯nð AÀÖp\\v hfsc A[nIw kplr¯p¡sfbpw _Ôp¡sfbpw; òjvaÀ AS¡apÅhscbpw h[nt¡ïn hóp. ImcWwAhÀ A{IanIfpsS ]£¯mbncpóp.cmas\bpw IrjvWs\bpwAÀÖp\s\bpw am\pjoI{]hÀ¯nbmepÅ NXnbv¡pw AhKW\bv¡pw tað A\pIcn¡s¸SpsaópÅXv Fsâ ZrVhnizmkamWv. apÉow A{Iaw Ahkm\n¸n¡m\mbn N{I]Xn inhPnalmcmPv \S¯nbXpw al¯camb {]hr¯n Xsó BWv.A^vkð Jms\ h[n¨Xv inhPnbpsS ]qÀ®bpànbmemWvAsñ¦nð Ahkm\w inhPnsb AbmÄ NXn¨v sImñpambncpóp. tZikvt\lnIsf h[n¨p Fó Ipä¯n\v inhPnsbbpw,dmWm {]Xm]ns\bpw Kpcp tKmhnµv knwKns\bpw in£n¨ncpsó¦nð Hcp ]s£ KmÔnPnbpsS Al¦mcw Xpdóv ImWn¡s¸Spambncpóp.

57. Hmtcm \mbIòmcpw AXmXpIme¯v B{IaW§ÄsNdp¡pIbpw Iq«s¡meIfnð \nópw elfIfnð \nópwP\§sf kwc£n¨v hntZinIfpsS aX{`mńð \nópw amXr`qansb kwc£n¨n«pïv. adp`mKw ]cntim[n¨mð FXnÀ¡s¸Sm¯

KmÔnbpsS 30 hÀj¯n\papIfnepÅ t\XrXz¯nð hfscA[nIw t£{X§Ä Aip²am¡pIbpw NXnbneqsSbpw _emXvImcambpapÅ aX]cnhÀ¯\§Ä \S¯pIbpw, kv{XoIÄs¡XnscbpÅ A{Ia§Ä ̀ oIcmw hn[w hÀ²n¡pIbpw Ahkm\wcmPy¯nsâ aqónsemóv \mi¯nð F¯n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.AÔ\pt]mepw a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbpambncpón«pw At±l¯nsâ A\pbmbnIÄ¡v CXv ImWphm³ Ignbpónñ FóXvFsó A¼çn¡póp. inhPnbpsSbpw dmWm{]Xm]nsâbpw

Kpcp tKmhnµv knwKnsâbpw apónð KmÔn shdpsamcp "apï³'am{XamWv. At±l¯n\pÅ in£ Cu hoc\mbIòmcpsSapónð XnI¨pw AXnbmb A`nam\amWv Fóv ]dbs«.

58. {_n«njv tkhIcpw A[nImcs¡mXnbòmcpamb HcpkwLw òcp¡fmb apÉo§Ä KmÔnh[w NqjWw sN¿phm³

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\qdpIW¡n\v amÀ¤§fneqsS kzXmev]cy§Ä¡mbn A{Ia §Ä \S¯póp Fó ImcW¯mð cmPy¯nsâ hn`P\¯n\vhg§ns¡mSp¡póp. Hcp]s£ Ncn{Xw AhÀ¡v {]ikvXnbpsS]ShpIfnð tbmKyØm\w Ið¸n¨v \ðIpw. KmÔnPn C¡mWpt¼mð Xsó AkXym`mk\pw A{IacmlnXy¯nsâbpw kXy¯nsâbpw t]À ]dªv cmPy¯n\v A\h[n Zpc´§Ä k½m\n¨h\pw BWv. Fómð kzmX{´yw t\Sns¡mSp¯ inhPnbpwdmWm{]Xm]pw Kpcp tKmhnµv knwKpw P\lrZb§fnð FópwXnf¡amÀó \£{X§fmbn XpScpw.

59. KmÔnPnbpsS cm{ãob {]hÀ¯\w kuIcy¯n\mbnaqómbn Xncn¡mw Fóv ChnsS kqNn¸n¡s«. At±lw 1914

epIfpsS Ahkm\¯nð Cw¥ïnð \nópw C³Uybnte¡vaS§nhóv A[nIw XmaknbmsX Xsó cmPy¯n\mbn s]mXpPohnX¯ntebv¡v {]thin¨p. ZuÀ`mKyIcambn ^ntdmkv jmsalvXbpw KmÔnPn ]nð¡me¯v Kpcp Fóv hnfn¨ncpótKm]meIrjvW tKmJsebpw A[nIw XmaknbmsX acWs¸«p. KmÔnPn Al½Zm_mZnð k_ÀaXn \ZnbpsS Xoc¯vB{iaw Øm]n¨v AhnsS {]hÀ¯n¡m³ XpS§n. kXyhpwAlnwkbpw At±l¯nsâ ap{ZmhmIy§fm¡n. At±l¯nsâ

\b§Ä¡v hn]coXambmWv ]et¸mgp At±lw {]hÀ¯n¨ncpóXv Fóv At±lw Xsó k½Xn¨n«pïv. apÉo§sf {]oWn¸n¡pó Imcy¯nð At±l¯n\v C{]Imcw sN¿póXnð HcpXc¯nepapÅ Nn´m¡pg¸hpw A\p`hs¸«ncpónñ. kXyhpwA{IacmlnXyhpw hfsc DÖehpw t\XrXz¯nsâ amÀ¤ZÀÈnbmbn AwKoIcn¡s¸SpóXpamb XXz§fpw Bbncpóp. Fóncpómepw Ah A´co£¯neñ ssZ\oI PohnX¯nð ioent¡ïXv Xsó Bbncpóp. KmÔnPn s]m§¨w ]dªncpó

XXz§fnð hnizmkhô\ ImWn¨ncpó Ipähmfn BbncpópAt±lw Fóv Rm³ ]nóoSv sXfnbn¡póXmWv.

60. KmÔnPnbpsS cm{ãob PohnXw aqóv ioÀjI§fnembnt\cs¯ ]dªXpt]mse Xcw Xncn¡póp :þ

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(i) 1915 \pw 1939þ40 \pw CSbnepÅ ImeL«w.

(ii) KmÔnbpsS t\XrXz¯nð C³Uy³ \mjWð tIm¬{KÊv apl½Zv Aen Pnó¡v IogS§n ]m¡nØm³ AwKoIcn¨

1939þ40 apXð 3 Pq¬ 1947 hscbpÅ ImeL«w.

(iii) hn`P\ Zn\w apXð 55 tImSn cq] ]m¡nØm\v \ðIWsaóv hmin]nSn¨psImïv acWw hsc \ncmlcw A\pjvTn¡m³Xocpam\n¨Xv apXð almßmbpsS acWw hscbpÅ ImeL«w.

61. KmÔnPn 1914 sâ Ahkm\w C³Uybntebv¡v aS§nF¯pIbpw, hót¸mÄ IqsS ku¯m{^n¡bnð At±lw\S¯nb _lpP\ aptóä§fpsS kss[cyamb t\Xr]mThwIqsS sImïv hcpIbpw sNbvXp. hgnt]m¡cpsS AS¡apÅkac§fpsS Xeh\mbn kzbw ]cnKWn¡pIbpw AhImis¸SpIbpw shÅ¡mcmb {IqcòmÀs¡Xnsc C³Uy³ ]ucòmcpsSAhImi§Ä¡pw cmPy¯nsâ kzm`nam\¯nsâ t]cnepwku¯v B{^n¡bnð kac§fpsS Aac¡mc\mIpIbpw sNbvXp. At±lw lnµp¡fpsSbpw apÉo§fpsSbpw ]mÀknIfpsSbpw aX§sf _lpam\n¡pIbpw A´mcm{ãXe¯nð

AwKoIcn¡s¸Spó Hcp t\XmhmWv Xm³ Fóv kzbw ku¯vB{^n¡³ C³Uy¡mcpsS tað \Sn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. efnXPohnXhpw, kzbw krãn¨ ImcW§Ä¡ptað DÅ At±l¯nsâ kaÀ¸Whpw B{^n¡cpsS hwiob hntZzj¯ns\Xnscs]mcpXpóXnepÅ BßXymKhpw, kXykÙXbpw C³Uy¡mcpsS kzm`nam\w DbÀ¯n. C³Uybnepw At±lw Cu FñmLSI§sfbpw {]Wbn¨p.

62. kzmX{´y kac¯nð P\§sf tkhn¡ms\¯n

bt¸mÄ \ymbambpw shñphnfn¡m\mhm¯ _lpam\hpwB[n]Xyhpw Fñm hn`mK§fnð \nópw X\n¡v e`n¡pw FóvAt±lw {]Xo£n¨p. ]s£ Cu {]Xo£ ]nónSv At±ls¯\ncmibnð F¯n¨p. ku¯v B{^n¡ Bbncpónñ C³Uy.ku¯v B{^n¡bnð C³Uy¡mÀ ]ucXzw \nt£[n¡s¸«

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Xnð am{Xw ]cmXns¸«ncpópÅp. AhÀ¡v s]mXphmbXpwFómð Xo£vWambXpamb ZpJamWv DïmbncpóXv. t_mdpIfpw {_n«njpImcpw Ahsc Htct]mse ImðXq¡qó Nhn«nBbmWv IïncpóXv. lnµp¡fpw apÉn§fpw ]mÀknIfpwHtct]mse Hs¯mcpan¨v s]mXphmb i{Xphns\Xnsc \nesImïncpóp. AhÀ¡v B{^n¡³ Khs×âpambn asämcpXc¯nepwDÅ i{XpX Dïmbncpónñ. C³UybpsS {]i\w hoSpIÄtXmdpw hn`nóambncpóp. hoSpIÄ¡pÅnse \nba§fnð apXðkz`cW¯n\pw kzmX{´y¯n\pw thïn hsc \½Ä t]mcSn¨psImïncpóp. a®nð Dd¨pt]mb {_n«ojv cmP`cWw sImïv\½Ä IS]pg¡n Fdnbs¸«p. `nón¸n¨v `cn¡pI Fó \nba¯neqsS lnµp¡Ä¡pw apÉo§Ä¡pw CSbnse hnShv hepXm¡n AXv \s½ B«nbpe¨p sImïncpóp. Bcw` Znibnð XsóKmÔn¡v ku¯v B{^n¡bnð A`napJoIcn¨v ]cnNbanñm¯Cu {]iv\s¯ t\cntSïnhóp. ku¯v B{^n¡bnð At±lwhfsc Bbmkt¯msS BWv XpgªpsImïncpópóXv. Fñmhn`mKw P\§fpsSbpw Xmev]cyw HómbXn\mð FñmhcpwAt±l¯nsâ ]nónð AWn\ncóp. Fómð C³Uybnðhn`mKobXsImïpw shsÆsd Øm\mÀ°nIÄ XpS§nb

ImcW§Ä C³UybpsS sFIy¯n\v Xpc¦w h¨p. {_n«njpImcpsS PmXob{]oW\w IeÀó h{I_p²nbpw aÀ¡Sapãnbpwi¦bnñm¯ hn[¯nð IqSpXð IqSpXð A¯c¯nepÅkw`h§Ä¡v hgnsXfn¨p. AXn\mð tNmZyw sN¿m\mhm¯hn[¯nfpÅ t\XrØm\w lnµp¡fpsSbpw apÉo§fpsSbpwCSbnð In«pI FóXv ku¯v B{^n¡bnse t]mse Ffp¸añFóv KmÔn¡v a\Ênembn. hn`PnXamb HcpcmPy¯nsât\XrXzw FóXv Xncn¨dnbm³ Ignbmªn«v t]mepw At±lw

]qÀ®ambpw \nÀhymtP\ Fñm C³Uy¡mcpsSbpw t\Xmhmbn`mhn¨p. hn`PnXamb Ccp cmPy§Ä¡pw IqSn s]mXphmbssk\yw Fó Nn´ At±l¯nsâ kXykÙamb a\ÊnsâAkw_Ôw am{XamWv.

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63. C³Uybntebv¡v aS§nhó tijw 5 hÀjw DóXambt\XrØm\w At±l¯n\v Ae¦cn¡phm\pÅ km²yX Dïmbncpónñ. ZmZ_mbv \htdmPn, ^ntdmkvjm salvX, temIam\yXneIv, tKm]meIrjvW tKmJse XpS§nbhcmb DbÀót\Xm¡Ä Pohn¨ncn¡sh KmÔnPnt]mepw _lpam\n¡póhcpw {]ikvXamb kac§Ä A\pjvTn¨n«pÅhcpamb ChcpsSCSbnð Hcp Cfapd¡mc\v Øm\w Dïmbncpónñ. ImÀ¡iy¡mc\mb ZpÀhn[n Ahsc Fñmhscbpw 5 hÀj¯n\pÅnðXpS¨p \o¡pIbpw 1920 BKkvXnð temIam\yXneInsâ\ncymW¯n\v tijw KmÔnPn ap³\ncbntebv¡v F¯s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.

64. `nón¸n¨v `cn¡pI Fó sshtZioI \nbaw apÉo§Ä¡nSbnse tZikvt\lw \in¸n¡póp Fópw cmPykvt\lhpwAXn\pthï AÀ¸Whpw a\Ênem¡n sImSp¡phm³ Ignªnsñ¦nð Chsc Hcpan¨v kzmX{ýkac¯n\mbn X\n¡v \bn¡phm\pÅ km²yX hfsc IpdhmWópw At±l¯n\v t_m²ys¸«p. AXn\mbn lnµpþapÉow sFIyw Fó cm{ãob¯n\vAt±lw Xd¡ñn«p. {_n«ojv Ipim{KX \ndª \b§Ä¡vFXnscbpÅ {]lcw Fó \nebv¡v At±lw apÉo§sf hfsc

kulmÀ±t¯msS kao]n¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v hfsc hnimeambXpw AXncpIhnªXpamb hmKvZm\§Ä \ðIn Ahsciàns¸Sp¯phm³ Xp\nbpIbpw sNbvXp. XoÀ¨bmbpw cmPy¯nsâ tZiob kzmX{ý¯n\pthïn s]mcp¯apÅ ImcywXsóbmWv At±lw sNbvXXv. Fómð CXv tZiobXe¯neqÅ sFIy¯n\v thïn Bbncpóp FóXv At±lw ]qÀ®ambpw adóp. AXnsâ êamWv Cóv \mw ImWpóXv.

65. Xcw Xncn¨ PmXnIÄ¡pw apÉo§Ä¡pw A\pIqey§Ä \ðIm³ {_n«ojv ̀ cWm[nImcnIÄ hnZK

njan gandhijiye enthinu vadhichu?. why i assassinated gandhi malayalam

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