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IOIqero ~narOCOCTOSlHHe H cnocodcTBYIOIqero POCTY npOH3shy

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cpeKTHBHblA C03tlaIOIqHA dnarOCOCTOSlHHe B npHMeHeHHH

K pOCTY BblnyCKa npOtlYKllHH - npSlMoe nocnetlCTBHe HTOrOB

CPYHKllHOHHPOBaHHSI XCT no B03HHKHOBeHHSI TaKHX X03S1ACTB

pOCT paCCMaTPHBaRCSI KaK cpaKTOp no onpetleneHHIO C03tlashy

IOIQHA dnarOCOCTOSlHHe OnblT XCT npHBen K nyqmeA OlleHKe

ponH qacTHoA CO~CTBeHHOCTH B O(SHOBneHHH X03S1ACTBa a

TaK)Ke KaK eIqe OtlHorO HCTOqHHKa pOCTa ~narOCOCTOSlHHa

nOCpetlCTBOM pacmHpeHHSI cneKTpa COllHanbHblX B03MO)Kshy

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no 3THM tlBYM npHqHHaM K KOTOPblM tlO~aBHnHCb O~IqHA YatlOK H HetlaBHHA Kpax x03S1Acm COBeTCKoro THna OTCbInshy

KH K HCTOPHH tlnSi nOtlTBep)KtleHHSI npeHMYIqeCTB pblHKa H

qaCTHOA CO~CTBeHHOCTH nonyqHnH tlOCTaTOqHOe nOtlshy

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HHMaTenbCTBa H eo ipso B nOnamp3Y npHBaTH3allHH

npetlCTaBnSleTcSI qTO TeOpeTHqecKHe tlOBOtlbl He cnatiee

HCTOpHqeCKHX OtlHaKO OHH ~onbme B HOBHHKY H nOSTOMY

eIqe He nonyqHnH tlOCTaTOqHOrO npH3HaHHSI aKatleMHqeCKOA

H nOnHTHqecKoA SnHTbI KpOMe Toro MHorOO~pa3Hble apryshy

MeHTbI BbltlBHranHCb B pa3nHqHbiX otinacTSIx SKOHOMHshy

qecKoA TeopHH H TeopeTHqeCKOe otiocHOBaHHe npHBaTH3allHH

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JJaeTCSI nOnblTKa paCCMOTpeTb paJRHqHble 3neMeHTbI TeopHH

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cocpetlOTOqeHO Ha cpaBHHTenbHOM aHaRH3e Pa3nHqHblX CPOPM

npetlnpHHHMaTenbCKoA coticTBeHHoCTH H aHaRH3 npOBetleH B

OCHOBHOM Ha ypoBHe npetlnpHSITHSI a He SKOHOMHqeCKOA

CHCTeMbi B llenOM

npHMeHSIeMblA 3qeCb cpaBHHTenbHLIA nOtlXOtl TpetiyeT

TOqHoro onpetleneHHSI Toro qTO cpaBHHBaeTCSI H B KaKHX

paMKax 3qeCb Hcnonb30BaH cpaBHHTeJJbHO-HHCTHTYllHOshy

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CTHTYTaMH a He Me)Kqy HtleaRbHblMH H CYIqeCTBYIOIqHMH (a

nOTOMY HeCOBepmeHHblMH) ABTOP CTapaeTca H3tieraTb

notlxoqa KOTOPblA neM3ell Ha3bIBaeT HHPBaHHblM

napaMeTpbl conOCTaBneHHa peanbHblX HHCTHTYTOB

(qaCTHble npeqnpHSITHSI rn npetlnpHSITHSI PYKOBOtlHMble

patioTHHKaMH H T q) YCTaHOBneHbI no HX cnOCO(SHOCTH C03tlashy

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CYPCOB TaK H 3a CqeT pacmHpeHHSI cneKTpa COllHanbHblX

B03MO)KHOCTeA npH cpaBHeHHH yqHTblBaeTCSI TaK)Ke BnHSlHHe

rocytlapCTBa Ha scpcpeKTHBHOCTb npeqnpHSITHA Pa3HblX CPOPM cotiCTBeHHOCTH

PaHHHe apryMeHTbl B bull QHCKYCCHH 0 pacqeTaxmiddot

BnepBble qeTkO ccpopMynHpoBaHHble tlOBOtlbl B nonb3Y

qaCTHOrO npetlnpHSITHSI Kak OCHOBHOA SlqeAKH 3cpcpekTHBshy

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OCHOBHOM HenpaBHnbHO BOcnpHHSlTOA) tlHCKYCCHH 0 pacqeshy

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qenblleB npetlCTaBJJSlIOIqHX tlenapTaMeHTbI lleHTpanbHoro

nnaHOBoro opraHa kOTopble no cxeMe XeAMaHa BeqYT

Me)Ktly co~oA O~MeH kaK ecnH tibl OHH tibInH BnatlenbllaMH

CpetlCTB npOH3BOtlCTBa CornaCHO MH3ecy OHH ocyshy

IqeCTBnSlIOT KynnlO-npOtla)KY KaK ecnH ~bI OHH tibinH cotishy

CTBeHHHKaMH HO HX nOBeqeHHe He aBJJaeTCSI nOBetleHHeM

peanbHblX CO(SCTBeHHHkOB

npOllecc lleHoo~pa30BaHHa OCHOBaH Ha kOHkypeHllHH

64 65

lIaCTHbiX npeollnpHHHMaTeneR nOJollHee B 1936 r B JaMeTKax 0laquoS

HCKyccTBeHHblx pbIHKax MHJec ollOKaJblBaJI liTO HeB03MOllCHO

OTollenHTb PbIHOK HerO lleHooGpa3yromyro IIlYHKllHIO OT IIlYHKshy

llHOHHPOBaHHH o(SmeCTBa OCHOBaHHoro Ha lIacTHoR cO(SCTBeHshy

HOCTH Ha cpeollcTBa npOH3BOollCTBa H noollllepKHBan ponb

CTHMynoB

cJlBHlICymeR cHnoR Bcero npollecca KOTOPblR nOBbimaeT

pblHollHble lleHbI lIlaKTopoB npOHJBoollcTBa HBneTCH HeycTaHHoe

CTpeMJ1eHHe lIaCTH KanHTaJIHCTOB H npeollnpHHHMaTeneR K MaKshy

cHMH3allHH npH(SblnH 5eJ TaKHX lIaCTHbiX cO(SCTBeHHHKOB

PblHOK TepHeT rnaBHylO npYllCHHY npHBoollHmylO ero B olleRshy

CTBHe H noollollepllCHBalOmyro ero IIlYHKllHOHHpOBaHHe 5

CnOCO(SHOCTb nOollollepllCHBaTb nOBceollHeBHYIO ollenOBYIO

PYTHHY - npeollen Toro liTO MorYT npeollnOllCHTb HCKYCshy

CTBeHHble pblHKH C KaK ecnH (SbI nnaHOBHKaMH npeollnpHshy

HMlIHBOCTb HHBecTHllHH Hrpa Ha (SHpllCe HeoTollenHMbI OT

lIacTHoR coISCTBeHHOCTH MH3ec ollonYCKan liTO nnaHOBHKHshy

MeHeollllCepbl MorYT alllllleKTHBHo BocnpOH3BOollHTb PYTHHY

(npeollnonOllCeHHe OKaaaBmeeCH lIpe3MepHO OnTHMHCTHlIHbIM

KaK 3T0 (SYolleT nOKaaaHO B cneollyromeM pa3ollene) OollHaKO ollOshyKa3b1BaJI OH HrpaTb B (SH3Hec H HHBecTHllHH HeB03MOllCHO

5HpllCeBHKH H HHBeCTopbl pHCKyroT COlaquoSCTBeHHblM COCTOHshy

HHeM co(ScTBeHHoR cYollb(SoR bullbull Y nnaHOBHKOB B HX CTpeMshy

neHHH nonyqHTb pecypCbI TaKHX npo(SneM HeT

B aTOM OTHomeHHH MH3eC (Sbln npeollTelleR COBpeMeHshy

HoR TeopHH npaBa CO(SCTBeHHOCTH CornaCHO 3TOR TeopHH

cnYlKallHe o(SmeCTBeHHoro ceKTopa He HeCYT Bcex H3llepllCeK H

He MorYT nonYlIHTb Bcex Bbirooll OT cBoeR olleHTenbHOCTH

CHCTeMa HaKa3aHHR H B03HarpallColleHHR B o(SmeCTBeHHOM

ceKTope cna(So cTHMynHpyeT npHHHMalOmHX pemeHHH CTpeshy

MHTbCH K ollOCTHlICeHHIO 3IIlllleKTHBHblX peaynbTaTOB I

napannenbHO MH3ecy CXOollHYIO CHCTeMY OlleHKH OTshy

HOCHTenbHoR 311lllleKTHBHoCTH paJnHlIHbIX 1Il0PM colaquoScTBeHshy

HOCTH npeollnaranH PO(S(SHHCT H XaReK PO(S(SHHC nonbshy

30BanCH nOllTH ToR lICe TepMHHonorHeR rOBopH 0 COshy

llHanHCTHlIecKHX MeHeollllCepax HrpalOllHX B KOHKypeHllHIO

H 0 HeoGXOollHMOCTH nOCTOHHHO BblXOollHTb aa npeollenbl PYTHHshy

HbiX 3aollall OollHaKO HepYTHHHble JaollallH Tpe(SyroT npeollOCTaBshy

neHHH npaBa co(ScTBeHHOCTH MHOllCeCTBY npeollnpHHHMaTeneR

66

liTO COBepmeHHO HeCOBMeCTHMO C lleHTpanH3allHeR co(sshy

CTBeHHoCTH H KOHTpOneM lleHTpa

XaReK TaKlICe xapaKTepH30Ban cHcTeMY rne cOllHanHshy

CTHlIecKHe MeHeollllCepbI He nnaTHT aa CBOH omH(SKH KaKlIHCshy

Tyro HnnI03HIOIO K YlICe llHTHPOBaHHblM aprYMeHTaM 0(S OTshy

CYTCTBHH CTHMynoB 311lllleKTHBHoro 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro noshy

BeolleHHH OH ollo(SaBHn ollOBOoll 0 pacceHHHOM 3HaHHH XOTH

HylICHbie 3HaHHH cymeCTByroT npH OTCYTCTBHH KOHKypeHllHH

lleHTpanbHbIR nnaHOBbIR opraH He MOllCeT HcnOnb30BaTb HX

311lIlleKTHBHo PacceHHHoe 3HaHHe npOHBnfleTCfI lIepe3

KOHKypeHllHIO H 1Il0pMHpyeTcH B pe3ynbTaTe lleHbl ll

TaK paHHHe nonOllCeHHH IIlHnocolllHH HaYKH KaK pOCTa cyMMbl

3HaHHR (CM aaKnlOlIHTenbHblR pa30llen CTaTbH) CTanH npHshy

naraTb K npoGneMaM 3KOHOMHKH ynop ollenaJICH Ha TO liTO

lIaCTHaH Te middotpacceHHHaH colaquoScTBeHHOCTb - ycnoBHe 3IIl1lleKshy

THBHoro Hcnonb30BaHHH pacceHHHoro 3HaHHfI

3THMH YKaaaHHHMH Ha KopeHHble HeollOCTaTKH anbTepHashy

THBHblX 3KOHOMHlIeCKHX CHCTeM (lleHTpanH30BaHHoro nnashy

HHpOBaHHH H PblHOllHoro COllHanH3Ma) H o(SmeCTBeHHoR

CO(SCTBeHHOCTH B o(SmeM-TO npeHe(SperanH KaK caMH yqacTshy

HHKH ollHCKYCCHH 0 paClIeTax TaK H nonHTHKH nepBble

HHKorolla He KacanHCb Bonpoca 0 pa3nHlIHfIX B CHCTeMe

CTHMynoB npH lIacTHoR H npH o(SmeCTBeHHoR CO(SCTBeHHOCshy

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nH30BaHHOrO nnaHHpOBaHHH 3HaHHH HMelOmeMCH y MHOllCeshy

CTBa YllaCTHHKoB PblHOllHOR olleHTenbHOCTH He o(SpamaJIHCb

H nOllTH HHKTO He nOHHn npaBHnbHO CYTb ollHCKYCCHH

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paClIeTaxmiddot ollOKa3ana omH(SollHOCTb 83rnflollOB MH3eca B Bonshy

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pa(SOTax cymecTBoBaHHe lleHTpanHJOBaHHOro nnaHHpoBashy

HHH B CCCP paCCMaTpHBanOCb KaK HCTopHlIeCKHR apryMeHT

npoTHB OCHOBHoro Te3Hca MH3eca TaK 3nnHoT collenaJI BbiBon

liTO lIaCTHaH coGCTBeHHOCTb HbIHe He ClIHTaeTCH nOrHlIecKH

HeOlaquoSXOollHMOR CHCTeMoRbullbullbull ollnH npOBeolleHHH 3KOHOMHshy

lIeCKHX paClIeTOB13 MOllCHO H ollOJ1l1CHO CnpOCHTb liTO TaKOe

3KOHOMHlIeCKHR paClIeT B OTnHlIHe HanpHMep OT paClIeTa (Syxshy

raJJTepCKOrO HJlH HHlICeHepHoro OollHaKO HHKTO H3 YllaCTHHKOB

ollHCKYCCHH TaKOrO Bonpoca He O(SCYllCollaJI

67

ElIle (SOnbmee BneliaTneHHe MHHMbIe ycnexH COBeTCKOrO

nnaHHpOBaHHR npOH3BenH Ha npaKTHKOB (B TO BpeMR elIle He

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3aI1aQHbIX CTpaH B XOlie BORHbI OISlIIecmeHHaR Co(SCTBeHHOCTb

B c4gtepe npOH3BOnCTBa TOBaPOB npeliCTaBnRnaCb He TOnbKO

aaKOHHoR B 3KOHOMHlIecKOM CMbIcne - 3HTY3HaCTbI lIa)((e noshy

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nHmb HeMHOrHe H3MeHHnH CBOH npe)((HHe CY)((lIeHHR14

bull

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sonpoc 0 npasax CO(SCTBeHHOCTH HaxollHnCR lIYTb nH He Ha

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lIecKoR TeopHH aanO)((eHHOR MH3ecoM XaReKoM PO(S(SHHshy

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naBaTb (SnarOCOCTORHHe nocpellcTBoM pacnpelieneHHR peshy

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p8CypCOB nocne HX pacnpelieneHHR H S03HHKalOIIIHe oTClOlia

pa3nHlIHR B pOCTe (SnarOCOCTORHHR Ha npelinpHRTHRX Haxoshy

QRIIIHXCR B o(SlIIeCTBeHHoR CO(SCTBeHHoCTH HO BXOllRIIIHX B

68

pa3nHlIHble 3KOHOMHlIeCKHe CHCTeMbI OliHaKo OCHOBHaR

aprYMeHTaUHR OCHOBaHa Ha pa3nHlIHRX B opraHH3aUHH

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npelinpHRTHR C OllHHaKOBbIMH nOTpe(SHOCTRMH B MaTepHanax

H TeXHonorHH K HeOKnaCCHlieCKoR npOH3BOllcTBeHHoR

4gtYHKQHH cnellYeT 1I0(SasHTb TaKHe napaMeTpbI KaK CTpYKTYPa

npaB CO(SCTBeHHOCTH (H npaBO 3aKnlOlIeHHR KOHTpaKTOB)

KaK npaBHnbHO OTMelialOT aBTOPbl -He TaK y Ba)((HO 3HaTb

liTO CYIIl8CTByeT 4gtH3HlI8CKaR B03MO)((HOCTb npoH3BeCTH 100 ellHHHU HeKoero TOBapa npH lIaHHbIx aaTpaTax ecnH B CHCshy

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cTHMynax B pa3nHlIHblx CTpYKTypax npaB cO(SCTBeHHOCTH

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B aKQHOHepHbIX KOMnaHHRX (nO aMepHKaHCKoR TepMHHOshy

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OT ynpaBneHHR Docne BbIxolia B CBeT pa(SOTbI 5epne H

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69

KOHTJ)O]UI 3a MeHe~lKepaMH aKQHOHepHbIX KOMllaHHA O~HaKO ~onee n03~HHe TeOpeTHqeCKHe HCCne~OBaHHB nOCTaBHnH

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9796

DPHMEtlAHHSI

1H Demsetz Infonnation and Efficiency Another Viewpoint - Jourshynal of Law and Economics 121 1969

2 D Lavoie Rivalry and Central Planning The Socialist Calculation Debate Reconsidered Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1985

3 E Heimann Mehrwert und Gemeinwirtschaft Kritische und positive Beitraege zur Theorie des Sozialismus Berlin Robert Engelmann 1922

4 L von Mises Neue Beitraege zum Problem der sozialistischen Wirtschaftsrechnung Archiv fuer Sozialwissenschaftund Sozialpolitik 51 1923 pp 488-500 L von Mises Socialism An Economic and Sociological Analysis London Jonathan Cape 1936

5 L von Mises Socialism pp 137-138

6 S Pejovich The Economics of Property Rights Toward a Theory of Comparative Systems Dordrecht Kluver 1990 p 33

7 L Robbins The Great Depression New York Macmillan 1934

8 F von Hayek The Use of Knowledge in Society - American Economic Review 351945 pp 519-530

9 L Robbins The Great

10 F von Hayek ThePresentStateoftheDebate 1935 DepeneqaTaHO 8 Individualism and World Order Chicago University of Chicago Press 1948p 176

11 F von Hayek The Use of Knowledge in Society Economic Review 35 1945 pp 519-530

12 D Lavoie Rivalry and Central

13 JE Elliot Comparative Economic Systems Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall 1973 p 211

98

14 RS Pryke Public Enterprise in Practice London MacGibbon and Kee 1971 RS Pryke The Nationalised Industries Policies and Perforshymance since 1968 London MacGibbon and Kee 1981

15 A Shonfield Modern Capitalism The Changing Balance of Private and Public Power London Oxford University Press 1965

16 T Eggertsson Economic Behaviour and Institutions Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1990

17 MC Jensen WJMeckling Rights and Production Functions An Application to Labor-Managed Finns and CO-detennination - Journal of Business 5241979

18 TaM)((e

19 AA Berle GC Means The Modem Corporation and Private Property New York Macmillan1932

20 AA Alchian H Demsetz Production Infonnation Costs and Economic Organization - American Economic Review 62 5 1972

21 MCJensen WJ Meckling TheoryoftheFinn Managerial Behavshyior Agency Costs and Ownership Structure - Journal of Financial Economics 3 4 1976

22 S Pejovich The Economics of Property bull p 61

23 L de Alessi On the Nature and Consequences of Private and Public Enterprise - Minnesota Law Review 671 1982 E Furubotn The Long-Run Analysis of the Labor-Managed Finn - American Economic Review66 1976ppl04-123EFurubotnSPejovich Property Rights and the Behavior of the Finn in a Socialist State the Example of Yugoslavia - 8 E Furubotn S Pejovich eds The Economics of Property Rights Cambridge MA Ballinger 1974 MC Jensen W J Meckling Rights and Production

24 T Eggertsson Economic Behavior

99

DPHMEtlAHHSI

1H Demsetz Infonnation and Efficiency Another Viewpoint - Jourshynal of Law and Economics 121 1969

2 D Lavoie Rivalry and Central Planning The Socialist Calculation Debate Reconsidered Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1985

3 E Heimann Mehrwert und Gemeinwirtschaft Kritische und positive Beitraege zur Theorie des Sozialismus Berlin Robert Engelmann 1922

4 L von Mises Neue Beitraege zum Problem der sozialistischen Wirtschaftsrechnung Archiv fuer Sozialwissenschaftund Sozialpolitik 51 1923 pp 488-500 L von Mises Socialism An Economic and Sociological Analysis London Jonathan Cape 1936

5 L von Mises Socialism pp 137-138

6 S Pejovich The Economics of Property Rights Toward a Theory of Comparative Systems Dordrecht Kluver 1990 p 33

7 L Robbins The Great Depression New York Macmillan 1934

8 F von Hayek The Use of Knowledge in Society - American Economic Review 351945 pp 519-530

9 L Robbins The Great

10 F von Hayek ThePresentStateoftheDebate 1935 DepeneqaTaHO 8 Individualism and World Order Chicago University of Chicago Press 1948p 176

11 F von Hayek The Use of Knowledge in Society Economic Review 35 1945 pp 519-530

12 D Lavoie Rivalry and Central

13 JE Elliot Comparative Economic Systems Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall 1973 p 211

98

14 RS Pryke Public Enterprise in Practice London MacGibbon and Kee 1971 RS Pryke The Nationalised Industries Policies and Perforshymance since 1968 London MacGibbon and Kee 1981

15 A Shonfield Modern Capitalism The Changing Balance of Private and Public Power London Oxford University Press 1965

16 T Eggertsson Economic Behaviour and Institutions Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1990

17 MC Jensen WJMeckling Rights and Production Functions An Application to Labor-Managed Finns and CO-detennination - Journal of Business 5241979

18 TaM)((e

19 AA Berle GC Means The Modem Corporation and Private Property New York Macmillan1932

20 AA Alchian H Demsetz Production Infonnation Costs and Economic Organization - American Economic Review 62 5 1972

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