NOAA Coastal Services Center

Marine and Coastal Framework Data

Ocean Data Model Working GroupOctober 4-5, 2001

Current and accurate geospatial coastal and ocean data will be readily available to contribute locally, nationally, and globally to economic growth, environmental quality and stability, and social progress.

The Center is committed to the development of this framework.

The Vision of Coastal NSDI

The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

• Clearinghouse - need to find and access data

• Metadata - need to know characteristics of data

• Framework - need for common sets of data

• Standards/Technology - need to transfer and integrate data

• Partnerships - need to leverage resources

A Foundation of Common Interests and Needs

The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an interagency committee, organized in 1990 under OMB Circular A-16, that promotes the coordinated use, sharing, and dissemination of geospatial data on a national basis.

Federal Geographic Data Committee

Framework Approachcommonly used base data

Governmental Units

Geodetic Control

Transportation

Elevation and Bathymetry

Hydrography

Cadastral (Parcels/Boundaries)

Orthoimagery (DOQ)

ArcGIS Data Model Development• Adminstrative Boundaries/Census• Basemap• Biodiversity• Defense• Energy Utilities• Environmental Regulated Facilities• Forestry• Land Parcels• Petroleum• Telecommunications• Transportation• Water Utilities• Water Resources

• Missing from the list are marine and coastal framework themes• marine boundaries• shoreline• bathymetry• hydrographic feature data (electronic nautical charts)

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Coastal GIS

Geodetic ControlGeodetic Control

Environmentally Sensitive Environmentally Sensitive Impact AreasImpact Areas

BathymetryBathymetrySea Surface Sea Surface

TemperaturesTemperatures

ShorelineShoreline

Leases/ParcelsLeases/Parcels

SalinitySalinity

GeologyGeology

Territorial WatersTerritorial Waters

Legal BoundariesLegal Boundaries

BuoysBuoysBenthic HabitatBenthic Habitat

Corals Corals

MarinasMarinas

Items in red designateItems in red designateambulatory and/or ambulatory and/or fluid boundaries fluid boundaries

Top Coastal Data Layer Priorities

Data from the NOAA Coastal Services Center 1999 Coastal Resource Management Customer Survey

Potential Marine and Coastal Data Models

Shoreline

Bathymetry

Marine Boundaries

Marine Boundary Data

All of these activities require accurate, useable, and accessible digital marine boundaries.

Why do we need marine boundaries?

• Natural resource management

• Navigation

• Offshore oil/mineral extraction

• Cable

• Law enforcement, customs, immigration

• Air space

The Current State

• No comprehensive national framework/standards for marine boundaries

• Multi-levels of offshore rights - international, national, state, regional, tribal, private…

• Legal descriptions have not kept up with current mapping technology

• Ever increasing demand for ocean resources

• No data model for marine boundaries

Land Vs. Water Cadastre

• Similar issues - adjudication, survey, bundle of rights

• Dissimilar issues -

– Mapping the shoreline hasincreased significance

– Many lines are ambulatory

– Delimited not demarcated

Marine Boundary Data Issues

• General ambiguities - units, datums, unclear language, mathematical solution not stated

• Legal language not easily mappable - head of tide, high wash of waves

• Conflicting sources

• Ambulatory boundaries

• Cartographic source

Atlantic Ocean

Marine Boundaries

Gulf of Mexico

Florida

Exclusive Economic Zone24nm Contiguous Zone12nm Territorial Sea6nm OCSLA 8(g)3nm State-Seaward BoundaryBaseline points (MLLW)NOAA Medium Resolution Shoreline National Marine Sanctuary

Exclusive Economic Zone24nm Contiguous Zone12nm Territorial Sea6nm OCSLA 8(g)3nm State-Seaward BoundaryBaseline points (MLLW)NOAA Medium Resolution Shoreline National Marine Sanctuary

Depiction of U.S. Marine Boundaries

Who’s involved in Marine Boundaries?

• International - UNCLOS, Bilateral treaties

• Ad Hoc Committee on the U.S. Baseline - Oversees the development of the baseline and the derived boundaries. (Chaired by Dept. Of State)

• NOAA - official nautical chart - maritime boundaries; National Marine Sanctuaries

• MMS - OCS Lease Blocks

• U.S. Fish and Wildlife/National Park Service/States/Tribes - parks and other managed areas

• County/Local/Regional

Shoreline Data

• Shoreline is needed by all levels of government

– Electronic nautical charting (ENC)

– Paper nautical charts

– GIS for coastal and ocean resource management

– Jurisdictional boundaries

– Coastal erosion studies for Setback Lines (historic data)

– USGS-NOAA shoreline coordination

– Any coastal or ocean mapping project

Why are shoreline data needed?

• Delineation of international, national, state, and local boundaries

• Safe navigation

• Beachfront policy

– Erosion and accretion

– Re-nourishment

– Natural hazards

– Assessing and determining setback lines

Why is the Shoreline Important?

Shoreline Issues:Where is the shoreline?

Different interpretations of the shoreline

Cartographic Issues

.

• Scale• Projection• Datum• Date• Coordinate accuracy

SDDEFvector, CAD-like,internal NOAA,no topology*

RASTERgrid cell,no topology*

Various Shoreline Data Formats

# TYPE SOURCE

1 High Water T-Sheet

2 Low Water SDDEF

+2

+1

VECTOR GIS-compatible, topology*

*Topology = map intelligence

Bathymetry Data

• Maps do not show an integrated shoreline or elevation

• Varying agency definitions of shoreline, elevation, and bathymetry based on differing mission requirements cause public confusion

• Sparse and outdated elevation and bathymetry data limit our ability to accurately represent the coastal zone and predict impacts on communities and the environment

What is the Problem?

So What? Why Do We Need Accurate, Integrated Topographic and

Bathymetry Maps?• Predict storm impacts

• Accurately represent depth measurements for ports, shipping, and recreational boating

• Determine local, state, and national boundaries

• Analyze and protect environmental and natural resources

• Meet consumer demand

Planning Hurricane Evacuation Zones

• Estimates for a three-county evacuation range from 7.8 hours to 42.6 hours

– 1992 Tampa Bay Region Hurricane Evacuation Study

• “About $1 million a day in revenue is lost for every mile of coastline that's forced to evacuate.”

– USA Today, 9/15/99

Local Users: Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council Department of Transportation Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection

Local Users: Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council Department of Transportation Florida Dept. of Environmental ProtectionWater Management Districts

Storm Surge Modeling to Determine Evacuation

Shoreline, bathymetry, and elevation data are critical inputs to the storm surge models

Ports and Precision Navigation

• International trade and port laws

• Integrated data model would:

– Reduce groundings and collisions

– Prevent oil spills

– Reduce coral reef and seagrass loss

– Improve commerce: “Estimated revenue increases range from $36,000 to $288,000 for each additional foot of draft for large bulk and container ships.”

• NOAA Safe Navigation Web Page

Local Users: Tampa Port AuthorityDepartment of Transportation Florida Dept. of Environmental ProtectionWater Management Districts

Habitat Loss

• “Since 1950, when population growth began to soar, nearly half the bay's marshes and 40 percent of its seagrasses have disappeared.”

– Tampa Bay Estuary Program

Local Users: National Estuary ProgramFlorida Dept. of Environmental ProtectionWater Management DistrictsFlorida Marine Research Institute

What are we trying to achieve?USGS Topography

+ =

Integrated Topo-Bathy Model

BathymetryTopography

…a model that integrates topography and bathymetry

Satellite ImageryIntegrated with Topo-bathy model

Related Standards

• National Hydrography Data Content Standard for Inland and Coastal Waters (FGDC Standard currently in development, but NOT yet finalized)

• IHO’s S57 Appendix A “Object Catalog for Digital Hydrographic Data

to develop a nationally focused data content standard for coastal and inland waterways that supports navigation

data content = catalog of hydrographic feature terms and definitions

Goal of Hydrography Data Content Standard

Hydrography Data Content StandardHydrography Data Content Standard (aka: Data Dictionary or Object Catalog)(aka: Data Dictionary or Object Catalog)

Feature/Attribute/Domain Model:Feature/Attribute/Domain Model:• FEATURE TYPE (Entity Type)FEATURE TYPE (Entity Type) - a categorization of a specified - a categorization of a specified

set of similar real world phenomena (with spatial set of similar real world phenomena (with spatial significance) significance) A feature is the real-world “thing” that you graphically A feature is the real-world “thing” that you graphically

represented in a spatial database.represented in a spatial database. (e.g. (e.g. buoybuoy) ) • ATTRIBUTEATTRIBUTE - a defined characteristic of a feature type. - a defined characteristic of a feature type.

Attributes are the (non-graphical) information associated with Attributes are the (non-graphical) information associated with a feature type. (e.g. for a feature type. (e.g. for buoybuoy feature type may have feature type may have attributes for attributes for typetype and and identifieridentifier ) )

• DOMAIN -DOMAIN - a list of permissible values or an allowable range a list of permissible values or an allowable range of values for a specific attribute. (e.g. for the of values for a specific attribute. (e.g. for the identifieridentifier attribute the attribute the range =range = 10 character ASCII text field10 character ASCII text field and for and for the attribute the attribute typetype the domain = discrete list of attribute the domain = discrete list of attribute values)values)

The Question is….

• Are we creating one large integrated “Ocean Data Model”

• OR creating individual themes of data under the umbrella concept of an “Ocean Data Model”

Integrated Ocean Data Model?

Geology

Topo-Bathy

Shoreline

Marine Biology

Water Chemistry

Atmospheric Conditions

Water Column data

Hydro-physics

(currents)

Marine Boundaries

Hydrographic Features

Theme based Ocean Data Models?

Shoreline

Bathymetry

Marine Boundaries

Benefits of Data Models for Marine and Coastal Data

• Integration of cross data model collaborative analysis

• Consistent and reliable format for data

• Published open standards for data

• Uniform basis for modeling real-world coastal processes

• Provide a model for the construction of standard templates for creating marine and coastal data

NOAA CSC’s Role in Model Development and Implementation

• Expert analysis and technical support

• Identification of relevant data sources pertaining to coastal resource management

• Outreach and training to partners and constituents

• Facilitation between partners and end users