Welcome to the Presentation

presentation topic :

>>Node voltage >>Norton Theorem >>Ac Fundamental

Group members

Name ID

Bayezid Bostami 151-15-4681

Manisha Barman 151-15-4682

Ashaduzzaman kanon

131-15-2392

>>Agenda:>>procedure of node voltage and explanation .>>procedure of Norton theorem and explanation .>>Ac Fundamental Basic.

Nodal Analysis

Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.

r e fe r e n c e n o d e

v 1v 2 v 3

R 2

R 1 R 3

R 4

I

Steps to Determine Node Voltages:

1. Determine the number of nodes within the network.2. Pick a reference node, and label each remaining node with a subscript value of voltage: V1, V2, and so on.3. Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at each node except the reference. 4. Solve the resulting equation for the nodal voltages.

Example Applying KCL at V1:

Applying KCL at V2

v1v2

1 0

5

2 0 4 A

2 A

2521

101

VVVEq 1

6205

212 VVV

Eq 2

Nodal Analysis: Clearing Equations From Eq 1:

V1 + 2V1 – 2V2 = 20or

3V1 – 2V2 = 20From Eq 2:

4V2 – 4V1 + V2 = -120or

-4V1 + 5V2 = -120

Eq 3

Eq 4

Solution: V1 = -20 V, V2 = -40 V9

Edward Lawry Norton was an accomplished Bell Labs engineer and scientist famous for developing the concept of the Norton equivalent circuit.

NORTON’S THEOREM

Any two-terminal linear bilateral dc network can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source and a parallel resistor.

FIG. 2.1 Norton equivalent circuit.

Norton’s Theorem Procedure

FIG. 2.2 Converting between Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits.

Norton’s Theorem Procedure

FIG. 2.3 Fig:2.3.1 Identifying the terminals of particular importance when applying Thévenin’s theorem.

Norton’s Theorem Procedure

FIG. 2.3.2 Determining RN for the network in Fig. 9.62.

RN= = =2 Ω

Norton’s Theorem Procedure

FIG. 2.3.3 Determining IN for the network in Fig. 2.3.2

Norton’s Theorem Procedure

FIG. 2.4 Substituting the Norton equivalent circuit for the network external to the resistor RL in Fig. 2.3.

War of current

Ac waveform:

Peak: Maximum Positive or Negative Voltage

Peak to Peak: 2 x peak value

Period or Wavelength: length of one complete cycle

General form of ac current or voltage

y = A sin (t )Here ,A = amplitude

= angular frequency

t = time y = instantaneous

value

V = 15sin (t +50)I = 10sin (t -70)

50

15

70

10

V I

V leads I by 120

Advantage :>>AC current can be transformed and DC current cannot be transformed. >>It can be controlled by a wide range of components e.g. resistors ,capacitors and inductors. >>This allows high-voltage electrical power to be distributed with smaller wires and lower amperage.

Acknowledgement :S.M.Safayet UllahLecturerDepartment of Natural SciencesDaffodil International University

References:1.Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylesterd2.Fundemantal of Electric circuit by Alexander & sadiku.3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lawry_Norton.

Thank you