noise more than just a nuisance principles of environmental health sciences
TRANSCRIPT
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NoiseMore than just a nuisance
Principles of Environmental Health Sciences
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Competencies
• Identify common sources of noise • Recognize adverse health effects associated
with noise• Find and apply information relevant to noise
exposure and health risks
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What is noise?
• Common definition: unwanted sound– Sound: Vibrations transmitted through elastic
solid, liquid or gas
• Using subjective definition, people will classify sounds as “noise” differently
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Common noise levels
Source: US Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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How do we assess noise?
Area or activity measurements
Personal measurements
Exposure models
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Auditory effects of noise
• Permanent, irreversible, uncurable noise-induced hearing loss following– Chronic exposure to elevated noise– Brief exposure to extremely high noise
• Profound social, occupational, and psychological impacts
• Typically suffer series of small temporary hearing losses before permanent damage– Test yourself with your car radio!
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Non-auditory effects of noise
• Some effects associated with workplace and community noise– Hypertension– Ischemic heart disease– Sleep disturbance– Performance degradation– Annoyance– Psychological effects
Noise exposure Annoyance Effect
Noise exposure
Sleep disruption Effect
Or…
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Exposure standards for workplaces
• To protect against noise-induced hearing loss• Permissible Exposure Limit
(enforceable)– 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA)
average in 8-hour shift• “Permissible” level not without risk
– About 1 in 4 workers (!) will have a substantial hearing loss after 40 years
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Exposure standards for communities
• To protect against noise-induced hearing loss • Recommended Limit
(not enforceable) – 24-hour average exposure 70 dBA– Protects everyone against
any hearing loss• To protect against annoyance/other effects
– Day or night-time exposures between 30-55 dBA (specific level depends on effect)
7070
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Sources of noise in daily life
Others?
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Estimated total exposures among sample of ~4500 people in New York City
EPA recommended
annual limit
91% (!) of subjects over EPA limit
from all sources combined; mean
76.8 dBA
Source: Neitzel et al. Exposures to transit and other sources of noise among New York City residents. Environ Science Tech 46(1): 500-8 (2012).
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Comparison of noise exposures in daily life in New York City
Source: Neitzel et al. Exposures to transit and other sources of noise among New York City residents. Environ Science Tech 46(1): 500-8 (2012).
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What can we reduce exposures to noise?
• Substitution or elimination (avoid exposure altogether)
• Engineering controls (change the noise source to reduce the noise level)
• Administrative controls (limit the length of the exposure)
• Personal protective equipment (wear earplugs or earmuffs to reduce exposure)
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Conclusions
• Noise is ubiquitous in community and workplace settings
• Noise has a variety of associated auditory and non-auditory health effects
• There are established health standards for noise from a variety of agencies
• Noise exposure can be reduced through a variety of control methods
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Additional resources
• Hearing loss simulator (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)– www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/products/product47.htm
• Online noise meter (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)– http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/noisemeter.html
• LAX real-time flight noise monitor– http://ems02.bksv.com/webtrak/lax4
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Practice
1. Identify three sources of noise exposure in your own personal life
2. For each of these three sources, identify one way in which you could reduce your exposure
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Created by
Rick Neitzel, PhD, CIHAssistant Professor
Department of Environmental Health SciencesSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan