Nombre _______________________________ Número________ Clase________ A / B

Final Exam Grammar Review

For each grammar topic, please write a short summary of what you know about it and

then use the grammar topic in a complete sentence in Spanish.

If you need extra practice, look at the individual unit review sections. They are

underlined and divided by sub-unit.

Unit 5: U5L1 Review P. 221, U5L2 Review P. 243

1. Tener (206)

a. Summary: Use the verb to express ownership. It means ‘to have’. It can also be

used with age- Tengo 12 anos: I am 12 years old (literally translates to I have

12 years).

b. Ejemplo: Ella tiene un carro (she has a car).

2. Expressing strong emotion: ¡Qué + adjective/noun! (208)

a. Summary: To express strong emotions that are both positive and negative, use

qué+adj/noun. When followed by and adjective it means “How..!” when followed

by a noun it means “what a ….!”

b. Ejemplo: ¡Qué fántastico!= How fantastic! ¡Qué película! = What a movie!

3. Direct Object Pronouns (215-216)

a. Summary:

i. A direct object is the person/thing in a sentence that receives the action

of the verb

ii. It answers the question “what” or “whom?” in relation to the verb.

1. What are you renting? I am renting the movie.

2. Who are you calling? I am calling my mom.

3. My mom & the movie are the direct objects

iii. Add the personal A before any direct object that refers to a person. You

cannot use the personal a with the verb tener. You may use it with a pet.

1. Yo tengo dos hermanas I have two sisters.

2. Ella ve a Miguel She sees Miguel.

3. Yo llamo mis padres por télefono I call my parents by phone.

iv. A direct object pronoun replaces the direct object IF the direct

object has already been states or it is understood.

1. The pronoun MUST agree in number and gender (is it singular?

Plural? Masculine? Feminine?

2. The DOP comes before the conjugated verb and any negative

expression.

a. ¿Me llamas? You’ll call me.

b. Sí, yo te llamo Yes, I’ll call you.

c. ¿Dónde está Eva? No la veo. Where is Eva, I do not see

her.

d. Busco el DVD y el CD. No los veo I’m looking for the DVD

& CD. I do not see them.

4. Venir (226)

a. Summary: This verb means to come.

b. Ejemplo: Yo vengo a la escuela a las 8 de la mañana I come to school at 8

o’clock.

5. Numbers 101-999,999 (236)

a. Summary:

i. Use cien before a noun. Use ciento in place of cien for numbers 101-199.

1. Tengo cien CD’s (I Have 100 CDs)/ Tengo ciento veinte CD’s (I have

120 CDs)

ii. The numbers from 200-999 have masculine and feminine forms that

agree with the noun they describe.

1. Hay quinientos ochenta chicos: There are 580 boys.

2. Hay seiscientas cincuenta chicas. :There are 650 girls.

iii. Mil only has 1 form. Remember, that numbers beginning with mil are

written with a period in Spanish instead of a common. (Sometimes there

is no punctuation, like in English).

1. 3.000= tres mil

2. 106.500=ciento sesi mil quinientos

3. 999.999=novecientos noventa y nueve mil, novecientos noventa y

nueve.

iv. The year may be written in spanish with/without a period. When it is

spoken, it is read like any other four digit number, NOT grouped with

numbers at a time like it is done in English.

1. Ex:English we say “two thousand and 17”=2017.

2. 1492-mil cuatrocientos noventa y dos.

6. Asking for and giving the date (238)

a. Summary: To ask the date- ¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?

b. To answer= es el + # for the date + de+ month (+ de + year). Remember, if it is

the first of the month, use primero.

i. Es el ocho de marzo= it is March 8th

ii. Es el primero de febrero= it is February first.

c. The order of the date/month is opposite to how it is written in English.

i. English 8/14/18: august 14th 2018

ii. Spanish: 14/8/18: It is the 14th of august.of 2018

d. When you want to express “on” in Spanish, use the definite article el or los.

i. No voy el domingo. I am not going on Sunday.

ii. Trabajo los lunes. I work on Mondays.

Unit 6: U6L1 Review P. 270, U6L2 Review P. 293

1. Tener + que + infinitive (254)

a. Summary:This is a structure used to describe what you have to do.

b. Ejemplo: Tengo que limpiar mi cuarto (I have to clean my room). Tenemos que

hacer la tarea para sacar una nota buena (we have to do our homework to get a

good grade).

2. Deber (254)

a. Summary: This verb means “should/ought”. Use it to say what you should do.

b. Ejemplo: Yo debo estudiar (I should study). Ella debe ayudar (she should help).

3. EIE Stem-Changing Verbs (255)

a. Summary: Stem changing verbs are also known

as boot verbs because their stem change displays

the shape of a boot. The stem changes from e to

ie. Some example sare pensar, querer, empezar,

venir, preferir, and cerrar.

4. Demonstrative Adjectives (263)

a. Summary: Are used to show distance of an object in relation to the speaker.

They adjectives will change based on how close the object is to the speaker.

Since they are adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the

object.

5. Decir (276)

a. Summary: This verb means to say. It has an irregular yo form.

b. Ejemplo: La profesora siempre dice “hay tarea”.

Yo digo “hola” a la estudiante nueva.

6. Querer (278)

a. Summary: This verb means ‘to want’ and is used to express wishes. It is also

an e to ie boot verb.

b. Ejemplo: quiero comer (I want to eat). Nosotros queremos ir a la ciudad (we

want to go to the city).

c.

7. Gustaría (278)

a. Summary: You use gustaria to express wishes. Gustaria is a polite way to

express what you want. It will translate as “(person) would like…” and is used

with indirect object pronouns like the verb gustar.

b. Ejemplo: Me gustaría viajar a Ecuador (I would like to travel to Ecuador), Nos

gustaría tener un garaje para dos carros (We would like to have a 2 car garage).

8. EI Stem-Changing Verbs (278)

a. Summary: They are another type of boot verb. These ones have a stem change

from e to i. Some examples of these verbs are ‘pedir’ & ‘servir’.

b. Ejemplo: Yo pido (I ask/order), Ellas piden (they ask/order), nosotros pedimos

(we ask/order).

Unit 7: U7 L1 Review P.321, U7L2 Review P. 343

1. OUE and UUE Stem-Changing Verbs (304)

a. Summary: These boot verbs have their letter change in the yo, tú, ella, and

ellos forms from o tu ue or from u to ue.

2. Time expressions with hace (311)

a. Summary: Hace que is a grammar structure used to describe an action that

started in the past and continued to the present. It is they “have been doing

something”

b. Ejemplo:

i. Hace dos años que nado. (I have been swimming for 2 years).

ii. Hace tres semanas que ella va a la playa (She has been going to the

beach for 3 summers).

3. Present Progressive Tense (313, 316)

a. Summary:You use this tense to describe what is happening right now at this

very second.

b. Ejemplo:

c.

4. Verbs with different accentuation: Esquiar/Enviar/Continuar (326)

a. Summary: These verbs are not conjugated any different. They only thing

special is that they have an accent over one of their vowels to preserve the

sound/let the speaker know where the emphasis falls. There is not an accent

on the nosotros form of this verb, but all other forms have an accent unless

specified as irregular. Typically verbs that end in –uar or –iar will have an

accent. However there are exceptions like copiar and estudiar.

b. Ejemplo: Yo continúo (I continue). Ella esquía (she skies). Nosotros enviamos

(we send), Los chicos envían (The boys send).

5. Verbs with an irregular yo form: Dar/Poner (328)

a. Summary: Dar and poner conjugate irregularly but have irregular yo forms.

Dar is “doy”= I give. Poner is “pongo”= I place.

b. Ejemplo: Yo doy un paseo (I take a walk), La profesora da clases (the teacher

gives classes), Yo pongo la mesa (I set the table), Mis padres ponen las

bicicletas en el patio (My parents put their bikes on the patio).

6. Describing people with –dor/a and –ista (335)

a. Summary:

b. You can Identify athletes by changing the ending on the verb to –dor/-dora. Ej:

equiar la esquiadora/el esquiador

c. You can identify athletes by changing the ending of a noun to –ista (which will

apply to both males & females. Ej: el tenis el/la tenista.

7. Ordinal Numbers (337)

a. Summary: Ordinal numbers describe the order. They must agree in gender &

number with the object. Additionally, primero and tecero drop the –o before a

masculine, singular noun and become ‘primer’ and ‘tercer’. Ej: Jorge es el

primer esquiador.

b.

Unit 8: U8L1 Review P. 372, U8L2 P. 395

1. Indirect Object Pronouns (355)

a. Summary:

i. An indirect object shows to whom/for whom something is said or done.

The indirect object pronoun may replace and indirect object. They look

the same as DOPs except for le & les. The verb gustar has indirect object

pronouns

ii. IOP’s come before the conjugated verb. They can also attatch to an

infinitive/gerund. If it attatches to a gerund, and accent mark must be

placed to preserve the original pronunciation.

iii. Negative expressions go before the iop. Formula: negative word+IOP+

conjugated verb. Ej: Nunca nos preparan la comida. (they never make

food for us).

iv. You can use the personal A plus a pronoun or noun to clarify the

meaning of le & les.

b. Ejemplo: IOP’s are highlighted

i. Mis abuelos me escriben las cartas- My grandparents write me letters.

ii. Te estoy hablando- I am talking to you.

iii. Estoy hablándote- I am talking to you.

iv. Pam me va a preparar una bebida- Pam is going to prepare me a drink.

v. Pam va a prepararme una bebida- Pam is going to prepare me a drink.

vi. Le escribo a Jorge- I write to him (him refers to Jorge)

2. Saying what just happened with acabar de (358)

a. Summary:This is used to describe what someone has just done. It is followed

by an infinitive. The structure is “Acabar+de+Infinitive”

b. Ejemplo: Yo acabo de barrer el suelo (I just finished sweeping the floor). Mi

madre acaba de lavar los platos (My mom just finished washing the plates).

3. Present tense of oír and traer (365)

a. Summary: these verbs conjugate irregularly in the present tense. They also

have irregular gerunds. The gerund of oír is oyendo, and the gerund of traer is

trayendo.

b. Ejemplo:

4. Preterite tense of –AR verbs (367)

a. Summary: The preteritie tense is the past tense. It is used to describe and

action that was completed in the past.

b. Ejemplo:

c.

5. Making Comparisons (378)

a. Summary: Function: used to compare objects/people with other

objects/people.

i. Comparisons of superiority

1. Yo soy más cómico que Jorge (I am more funny than Jorge)

2. Yo cocino más que Jorge (I cook more than Jorge)

ii. Equal comparisons

1. Jose tiene tantos ajos como Luisa. (Jose has as many garlic as

Luisa)

2. Luisa tiene tantas verduras como Jorge. (Luisa has as many

vegtables as Jorge)

3. Los tomates son tan fresco como las frutas. (The tomatoes are as

fresh as the fruit)

4. Los verduras son tan importantes como las frutas. (The vegetables

are as important as the fruit).

iii. Comparisons of inferiority:

1. Object + menos+ noun/adjective/ adverb +que+

a. Luis tiene Menos libros que pedro.

2. Verbo + menos que

a. Luis nada menos que Pedro (Luis swims less than Pedro)

iv. Irregular comparisons.

1. Mi hermano es menor que yo- My brother is younger than me.

2. Yo soy mayor que mi hermano- I am older than my brother.

3. En mí opinion, La paella es major que el jamón (In my opinión, the

spanish rice dish is better than the ham)

4. En mí opinion, el jamón es peor que la paella (In my opinión, the

jame is worse than the spanish rice dish).

6. Preterite tense of dar and estar (390)

a. Summary: The past tense of dar and estar are conjugated irregularly.

b. Ejemplo: Yo di regalos (I gave gifts), Yo estuve en la plaza anoche (I was in the

plaza last night).

Extra practice: answer key

Unit 5: U5L1 Review P. 221

U5L2 Review P. 243

Unit 6: U6L1 Review P. 270,

U6L2 Review P. 293

U7 L1 Review P.321,

U7L2 Review P. 343

U8L1 Review P. 372

U8L2 P. 395