nomenclature by abhishek jaguessar

8/4/2019 Nomenclature by Abhishek Jaguessar

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NomenclatureNomenclature

BYBY

ABHISHEK JAGUESSARABHISHEK JAGUESSAR


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NomenclatureNomenclaturePOPO44

33--

phosphate ionphosphate ion

CC22HH33OO

22

--

acetate ionacetate ion

HC2H3O2

Acetic Acid


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orms o em caorms o em ca

BondsBonds There are 3 forms bonding atoms:There are 3 forms bonding atoms: IonicIoniccompletecomplete transfertransfer of 1 orof 1 or

more electrons from one atom tomore electrons from one atom to

another (one loses, the otheranother (one loses, the othergains)gains)

CovalentCovalentsome valencesome valence

electronselectrons sharedshared between atomsbetween atoms

__________________ holds atoms of aholds atoms of ametal togethermetal together

Most bonds areMost bonds aresomewhere insomewhere in

between ionicbetween ionic

and covalent.and covalent.


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Common NamesCommon Names A lot of chemicals haveA lot of chemicals have

common names as well as thecommon names as well as theproper IUPAC name.proper IUPAC name.

Chemicals that should alwaysChemicals that should always

be named by common namebe named by common nameand never named by the IUPACand never named by the IUPACmethod are:method are:

HH22OO water, not dihydrogenwater, not dihydrogenmonoxidemonoxide

NHNH33 ammonia, not nitrogenammonia, not nitrogentrihydridetrihydride


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CATIONCATION ++

ANIONANION ------>>COMPOUNDCOMPOUND

CATIONCATION ++

ANIONANION ------>>COMPOUNDCOMPOUND

A neutral compoundA neutral compound

requiresrequiresequal number of +equal number of +

andand -- charges.charges.

A neutral compoundA neutral compound

requiresrequiresequal number of +equal number of +

andand -- charges.charges.

COMPOUNDCOMPOUND

S FORMEDS FORMEDFROM IONSFROM IONS

COMPOUNDCOMPOUND

S FORMEDS FORMEDFROM IONSFROM IONS

NaNa++

+ Cl+ Cl--

---->>NaClNaCl


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Predicting Charges on Monatomic IonsPredicting Charges on Monatomic IonsKNOW THESE !!!!KNOW THESE !!!!

+1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0

Cd+2


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Properties of Ionic CompoundsProperties of Ionic CompoundsForming NaCl from Na and ClForming NaCl from Na and Cl22

Properties of Ionic CompoundsProperties of Ionic CompoundsForming NaCl from Na and ClForming NaCl from Na and Cl22

Ametal atom canAmetal atom cantransfer an electron totransfer an electron toa nonmetal.a nonmetal.

The resulting cationThe resulting cationand anion areand anion areattracted to eachattracted to eachother byother byelectrostatic forceselectrostatic forces..


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IONICIONIC

COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

IONICIONIC

COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDSNH4

+

Cl-

ammonium chloride, NHammonium chloride, NH44ClCl


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Some Ionic CompoundsSome Ionic CompoundsSome Ionic CompoundsSome Ionic Compounds

MgMg2+2+ + N+ N--33 -------->>

MgMg33NN22

magnesiummagnesium nitridenitride

SnSn4+4+ + O+ O22-- -------->>

SnOSnO22Tin (IV) oxideTin (IV) oxide

calcium fluoridecalcium fluoride

CaCa2+2+ + 2 F+ 2 F-- ------>> CaFCaF22


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Formulas of Ionic CompoundsFormulas of Ionic Compounds

Formulas of ionic compounds areFormulas of ionic compounds aredetermined from the charges on the ionsdetermined from the charges on the ions

atomsatoms ionsionsyy yy yy yy

NaNa yy ++ yy F :F : pp NaNa++ : F :: F : pp NaFNaFyy yy yy yy

sodium + fluorine sodium fluoridesodium + fluorine sodium fluorideformulaformula

Charge balance:Charge balance: 1+1+ 11-- == 00


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Monatomic IonsMonatomic Ions


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Writing a FormulaWriting a Formula

Write the formula for the ionic compoundWrite the formula for the ionic compound

that will form between Bathat will form between Ba2+2+ and Cland Cl..

Solution:Solution:

1. Balance charge with + and1. Balance charge with + and ionsions2. Write the positive ion of metal first, and2. Write the positive ion of metal first, andthethe

negative ionnegative ion BaBa2+2+

ClCl

ClCl3. Write the number of ions needed as3. Write the number of ions needed as

subscriptssubscripts BaClBaCl22


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Learning CheckLearning Check

Write the correct formula for theWrite the correct formula for thecompounds containing the followingcompounds containing the followingions:ions:1.1. NaNa++,, SS22--

a) NaSa) NaS b) Nab) Na22SS c) NaSc) NaS222. Al2. Al3+3+, Cl, Cl--

a) AlCla) AlCl33 b) AlClb) AlCl c) Alc) Al33ClCl3. Mg3. Mg2+2+, N, N33--

a) MgNa) MgN b) Mgb) Mg22NN33 c) Mgc) Mg33NN22


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SolutionSolution

1. Na1. Na++,, SS22--

b) Nab) Na22SS

2. Al2. Al3+3+, Cl, Cl--

a) AlCla) AlCl333. Mg3. Mg2+2+, N, N33--

c) Mgc) Mg33NN22


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Naming CompoundsNaming CompoundsNaming CompoundsNaming Compounds

1. Cation first, then anion1. Cation first, then anion

2. Monatomic cation = name of the2. Monatomic cation = name of theelementelement

CaCa2+2+ == calciumcalcium ionion

3. Monatomic anion =3. Monatomic anion = rootroot ++ --ideide

ClCl == chlorchlorideide

CaClCaCl22 == calcium chlorcalcium chlorideide

Binary Ionic Compounds:Binary Ionic Compounds:


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Naming Binary IonicNaming Binary Ionic

CompoundsCompounds

Examples:Examples:

NaClNaCl

ZnIZnI22

AlAl22OO33

sodium chloride

zinc iodide

aluminum oxide


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Complete the names of the following binaryComplete the names of the following binarycompounds:compounds:

NaNa33NN sodiumsodium ________________________________

KBrKBr potassiumpotassium

________________________________

AlAl22OO33 aluminumaluminum

________________________________

MgSMgS


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Transition MetalsTransition Metals

Elements that can have more than oneElements that can have more than one

possible charge MUST have a Romanpossible charge MUST have a Roman

Numeral to indicate the charge on theNumeral to indicate the charge on the

individual ion.individual ion.

1+ or 2+ 2+ or 3+1+ or 2+ 2+ or 3+

CuCu++,, CuCu2+2+ FeFe2+2+, Fe, Fe3+3+

copper(I) ioncopper(I) ion iron(II) ioniron(II) ion

copper (II) ion iron(III) ioncopper (II) ion iron(III) ion


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Names of Variable IonsNames of Variable Ions

These elements REQUIRE Roman NumeralsThese elements REQUIRE Roman Numeralsbecause they can have more than one possiblebecause they can have more than one possiblecharge:charge:anything except Group 1A, 2A, Ag, Zn, Cd, andanything except Group 1A, 2A, Ag, Zn, Cd, and

AlAl(You should already know the charges on these!)(You should already know the charges on these!)

Or another way to say it is: Transition metals and theOr another way to say it is: Transition metals and the metalsmetals in groups 4Ain groups 4Aandand

5A (except Ag, Zn, Cd, and Al) require a Roman Numeral.5A (except Ag, Zn, Cd, and Al) require a Roman Numeral.

FeClFeCl33 (Fe(Fe3+3+)) iron (III) chlorideiron (III) chloride

CuClCuCl (Cu(Cu++ )) copper (I) chloridecopper (I) chlorideSnFSnF44 (Sn(Sn

4+4+)) tin (IV) fluoridetin (IV) fluoride

PbClPbCl22 (Pb(Pb2+2+

)) lead (II) chloridelead (II) chlorideFeFe SS FeFe3+3+ iron III ulfideiron III ulfide


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Cations formed from TransitionCations formed from Transition

Metals

Metals(you do not have to memorize these)(you do not have to memorize these)


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Complete the names of the following binaryComplete the names of the following binary

compounds with variable metal ions:compounds with variable metal ions:

FeBrFeBr22

iron (_____) bromideiron (_____) bromide

CuClCuCl copper (_____) chloridecopper (_____) chloride

SnOSnO22 ___(_____ ) _________________(_____ ) ______________

FeFe22OO33 ________________________________________________

HgHg22SS ________________________________________________


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NONO33--

nitrate ionnitrate ion

NONO22--

nitrite ionnitrite ion

o yatom co yatom c

IonsIons

o yatom co yatom c

IonsIons


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You can make additional polyatomic ions byYou can make additional polyatomic ions by

adding a Hadding a H++ to the ion!to the ion!

COCO33 --22 is carbonateis carbonateHCOHCO33

is hydrogen carbonateis hydrogen carbonate

HH22POPO44 is dihydrogen phosphateis dihydrogen phosphate

HSOHSO44 is hydrogen sulfateis hydrogen sulfate

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions


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Ternary Ionic NomenclatureTernary Ionic Nomenclature

Writing FormulasWriting Formulas

Write each ion, cation first. DontWrite each ion, cation first. Dontshow charges in the final formula.show charges in the final formula.

Overall charge must equalOverall charge must equal zerozero.. If charges cancel, just write symbols.If charges cancel, just write symbols. If not, use subscripts to balance charges.If not, use subscripts to balance charges.

Use parentheses to show more thanUse parentheses to show more thanone of a particularone of a particular polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion..

UseUse Roman numeralsRoman numerals indicate theindicate the

ionsions chargecharge when needed (stockwhen needed (stock


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Ternary Ionic NomenclatureTernary Ionic Nomenclature

Sodium SulfateSodium SulfateNaNa++ and SOand SO44

--22

NaNa22SOSO44

Iron (III) hydroxideIron (III) hydroxideFeFe+3+3 and OHand OH--

Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33

Ammonium carbonateAmmonium carbonateNHNH44

++ and COand CO3322

(NH(NH44))22COCO33


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1. aluminum nitrate1. aluminum nitrate

a) AlNOa) AlNO33 b) Al(NO)b) Al(NO)33 c) Al(NOc) Al(NO33))33

2. copper(II) nitrate2. copper(II) nitrate

a) CuNOa) CuNO33 b) Cu(NOb) Cu(NO33))22 c) Cuc) Cu22(NO(NO33))

3. Iron (III) hydroxide3. Iron (III) hydroxide

a) FeOHa) FeOH b) Feb) Fe33OHOH c) Fe(OH)c) Fe(OH)334. Tin(IV) hydroxide4. Tin(IV) hydroxide

a) Sn(OH)a) Sn(OH)44 b) Sn(OH)b) Sn(OH)22 c)c)

SnSn44(OH)(OH)


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Naming Ternary CompoundsNaming Ternary Compounds

Contains at least 3 elementsContains at least 3 elements

There MUST be at least oneThere MUST be at least one polyatomicpolyatomicionion

(it helps to circle the ions)(it helps to circle the ions) Examples:Examples:

NaNaNONO33 SodiumSodium nitratenitrate

KK22SOSO44 PotassiumPotassium sulfatesulfate

AlAl(HCO(HCO33))33 AluminumAluminum bicarbonatebicarbonate

oror

AluminumAluminum hydrogenhydrogen


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Match each set with the correct name:Match each set with the correct name:

1.1. NaNa22COCO33 a) magnesium sulfitea) magnesium sulfite

MgSOMgSO33

b) magnesium sulfateb) magnesium sulfate

MgSOMgSO44 c) sodium carbonatec) sodium carbonate

2 .2 . Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22 a) calciuma) calcium

carbonatecarbonate

CaCOCaCO33 b) calcium phosphateb) calcium phosphate

CaCa33(PO(PO44))22 c) calcium bicarbonatec) calcium bicarbonate


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Mixed Practice!Mixed Practice!

Name the following:Name the following:

1.1. NaNa22OO

2.2.

CaCOCaCO333.3. PbSPbS224.4. SnSn33NN22

5.5. CuCu33POPO446.6. HgFHgF22


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Mixed Up The Other WayMixed Up The Other Way

Write the formula:Write the formula:

1.1. Copper (II) chlorateCopper (II) chlorate

2.2.

Calcium nitrideCalcium nitride3.3. Aluminum carbonateAluminum carbonate

4.4. Potassium bromidePotassium bromide

5.5. Barium fluorideBarium fluoride6.6. Cesium hydroxideCesium hydroxide


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Naming MolecularNaming Molecular

CompoundsCompounds

CH4 methaneBCl3boron trichloride

CO2 Carbon dioxide

All are

formed from

two or more

nonmetals.

Ionic

compounds

generallyinvolve a metal

and nonmetal

(NaCl)


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Molecular (Covalent) NomenclatureMolecular (Covalent) Nomenclature

for twofor two nonnonmetalsmetals

Prefix SystemPrefix System (binary compounds)(binary compounds)

1.1. Less electronegativeLess electronegative atomatom

comes first.comes first.

2.2. AddAdd prefixesprefixes to indicate # of atoms. Omitto indicate # of atoms. Omitmonomono-- prefix on the FIRST element.prefix on the FIRST element.

MonoMono-- is OPTIONAL on the SECONDis OPTIONAL on the SECONDelement (in this class, its NOT optional!).element (in this class, its NOT optional!).

3.3. Change the ending of theChange the ending of the

second element tosecond element to --ideide..


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PREFIXPREFIX

monomono--

didi--

tritri--tetratetra--

pentapenta--

hexahexa--

heptahepta--

octaocta--

nonanona--

decadeca--

NUMBERNUMBER

11

22

3344

55

66

77

88

99

1010

Molecular Nomenclature PrefixesMolecular Nomenclature Prefixes

M l l N lM l l N l


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CClCCl44

NN22OO

SFSF66

carbon tetrachloridecarbon tetrachloride

dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

sulfur hexafluoridesulfur hexafluoride

Molecular Nomenclature:Molecular Nomenclature:

ExamplesExamples


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arsenic trichloridearsenic trichloride

dinitrogen pentoxidedinitrogen pentoxide

tetraphosphorus decoxidetetraphosphorus decoxide

AsClAsCl33

NN22OO55

PP44OO1010

More Molecular ExamplesMore Molecular Examples


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Fill in the blanks to complete theFill in the blanks to complete thefollowing names of covalent compounds.following names of covalent compounds.

COCO carbon ______oxidecarbon ______oxideCOCO22 carbon _______________carbon _______________

PClPCl33 phosphorus _______chloridephosphorus _______chloride

CClCCl44 carbon ________chloridecarbon ________chloride

NN22OO _____nitrogen _____oxide _____nitrogen _____oxide


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1.1. PP22OO55 a) phosphorus oxidea) phosphorus oxideb) phosphorus pentoxideb) phosphorus pentoxidec) diphosphorusc) diphosphorus

pentoxidepentoxide

2.2. ClCl22OO77 a) dichlorinea) dichlorineheptoxideheptoxide

b) dichlorine oxideb) dichlorine oxide

c) chlorine heptoxidec) chlorine heptoxide

3.3. ClCl22 a) chlorinea) chlorineb) dichlorineb) dichlorine

c) dichloridec) dichloride


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Overall strategy for naming chemicalOverall strategy for naming chemical

compounds.compounds.


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A flow chart for naming binary compounds.A flow chart for naming binary compounds.


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Mixed ReviewMixed Review

Name the following compounds:Name the following compounds:

1.1. CaOCaO

a) calcium oxidea) calcium oxide b) calcium(I) oxideb) calcium(I) oxidec) calcium (II) oxidec) calcium (II) oxide

2.2. SnClSnCl44a) tin tetrachloridea) tin tetrachloride b) tin(II) chlorideb) tin(II) chloride

c) tin(IV) chloridec) tin(IV) chloride

3.3. NN22OO33a) nitrogen oxidea) nitrogen oxide b) dinitrogen trioxideb) dinitrogen trioxidec) nitrogen trioxidec) nitrogen trioxide


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SolutionSolution

Name the followingName the followingcompounds:compounds:

1.1. CaOCaO

2.2. SnClSnCl44

3.3. NN22OO33

a) calcium oxide

c) tin(IV) chloride

b) Dinitrogen trioxide


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Mixed PracticeMixed Practice

1.1. Dinitrogen monoxideDinitrogen monoxide

2.2. Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide

3.3. Copper (II) nitrateCopper (II) nitrate4.4. Dichlorine heptoxideDichlorine heptoxide

5.5. Chromium (III)Chromium (III)sulfatesulfate

6.6. Iron (III) sulfiteIron (III) sulfite7.7. Calcium oxideCalcium oxide

8.8. Barium carbonateBarium carbonate

9.9. Iodine monochlorideIodine monochloride


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Mixed PracticeMixed Practice

1.1. BaIBaI222.2. PP44SS33

3.3. Ca(OH)Ca(OH)224.4. FeCOFeCO335.5. NaNa22CrCr22OO776.6.

II22OO557.7. Cu(ClOCu(ClO44))228.8. CSCS229.9. BB22ClCl44


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Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature

AcidsAcids

Compounds that form HCompounds that form H++ in water.in water.

Formulas usually begin with H.Formulas usually begin with H.

In order to be an acid instead of a gas, binaryIn order to be an acid instead of a gas, binary

acids must be aqueous (dissolved in water)acids must be aqueous (dissolved in water)

Ternary acids are ALL aqueousTernary acids are ALL aqueous

Examples:Examples: HClHCl (aq)(aq) hydrochloric acidhydrochloric acid

HNOHNO33 nitric acidnitric acid

HH22SOSO44

sulfuric acidsulfuric acid


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AnionEnding Acid Name

-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid

-ate (stem)-ic acid

-ite (stem)-ous acid

Acid Nomenclature ReviewAcid Nomenclature Review

No OxygenNo Oxygen

w/Oxygenw/Oxygen

An easy way to remember which goes with whichAn easy way to remember which goes with which

In the cafeteria, youIn the cafeteria, youATEATEsomethingsomethingICICkyky


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Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart

hydro- pre i

-i endin

element

-ate endin

ecome

-i endin

-ite endin

ecome

-ous endin

no hydro- pre i

3 element

ACID

start with 'H'


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HBrHBr (aq)(aq)

HH22COCO33

HH22SOSO33

No oxygen,No oxygen, --ideide

Has oxygen,Has oxygen, --ateate

Has oxygen,Has oxygen, --iteite

hydrohydrobromic acidbromic acid

carboncarbonicic acidacid

sulfursulfurousous acidacid



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hydrofluoric acidhydrofluoric acid

sulfuric acidsulfuric acid

nitrous acidnitrous acid

2 elements2 elements

3 elements,3 elements, --icic

3 elements,3 elements, --ousous

HFHF(aq)(aq)

HH22SOSO44

HNOHNO22


HH++ FF--

HH++ SOSO4422--

HH++ NONO22--


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Name Em!Name Em!

HIHI (aq)(aq)

HClHCl

HH22SOSO33

HNOHNO33

HIOHIO44


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Write the Formula!Write the Formula!

Hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid

Nitrous acidNitrous acid

Carbonic acidCarbonic acid

Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid

Hydrotelluric acidHydrotelluric acid


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Nomenclature Summary Flowchart

nomenclature by abhishek jaguessar

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