NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

How can you prevent cardiovascular disease?

A disease that is not transmitted by another person, vector, or the environment

Habits and behaviors can increase or decrease risk

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular system

Transports blood to all parts of body Blood carries oxygen and nutrients-

without receiving these cells in your body would die

Cardiovascular disease-Disease that affects the heart or blood vessels

Can interfere with pumping of heart or movement of blood through the vessels

Silent killerno symptoms in early stages

http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Heart-Attack.htm

CVD- responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US

You can reduce your risk by Avoiding tobacco Physical activity Maintaining healthy weight Avoiding high fat foods

Hypertension Blood pressure

The force of blood created by the heart’s contractions and the resistance of the vessel walls

Hypertension high blood pressure (BP) BP is continually above the normal range for a

particular person Heart, blood vessels, and other organs

can be damaged if HTN continues

Have BP check regularly Treated with medication, weight

management, physical activity, and proper nutrition

Atherosclerosis Healthy lining of blood vessel= smooth

and elastic Fatty substance in blood can build up on

artery walls causing them to thicken and lose elasticity

Def: The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls

Due to eating foods with high saturated fat and cholesterol

Smoke and HTN contribute

A blood clot can form and grow in an area of plaque an may cause heart attack or stroke

Diseases of the HeartAngina Pectoris Chest Pain that results when the heart

does not get enough oxygen Sign that heart is temporarily not getting

enough oxygenArrhythmias Irregular heart beats Most are common

(Arrhythmias cont.) Some types can be serious Ventricular fibrillation- electrical impulses

become rapid Commonly followed by sudden cardiac

arrest, heart stops beating, death can follow in minutes

Heart Attack Damage to the heat muscle caused by

blocked blood supply Most are sudden with intense chest pain Start slow with mild pain or discomfort

which is mistaken for indigestion. Ventricular fibrillation can follow Immediate response to warning signs can

save a life

Congestive Heart Failure The heart gradually becomes weaker to

the point that it cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force

Can be a result of high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, a heart valve defect, illegal drug use, or other factors

Can be managed with medications, good nutrition, and physical activity

http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Congestive-Heart-Failure.htm

Stroke Occurs when blockage prevents blood

flow to the brain Effects different parts of the body

depending on the part of the brain that is deprived of oxygen

Also occurs from a cerebral hemorrhage- blood vessel in the brain bursts causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue

Diagnostic ToolsEKG Graph of electrical activity of heart

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging Produces images of internal body organs Can identify heart damage

Treatment OptionsCoronary Bypass A healthy vain is removed from leg or

chest to create a detour around a blocked artery

Angioplasty A tube with a balloon is inserted into a

blocked artery Balloon is inflated, deflated, then

removed Structure may remain to keep artery

open

Medications Variety of medicines are available Diuretics- lowers fluid balance Cholesterol lowering drugs Drugs to slow clotting

http://video.nytimes.com/video/2007/04/05/health/1194817111443/heart-disease-the-no-1-killer.html

Pacemaker Used to treat irregular heart beat Sends steady electrical impulse to trigger

regular heart beat

Why Teens Are at Risk CVD can start developing during

childhood The health behaviors you are practicing

now are affecting your cardiovascular system

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases The more risk factors you have the greater

your chance Tobacco use- includes second hand smoke High blood pressure High cholesterol Physical inactivity Excess weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use

Risk factors You Can’t Control Heredity Gender- men have a greater risk Age- risk increases with age Knowing risk factors can help you make

healthy decisions to protect yourself