NON-EQUATORIAL

OTEC APPLICATIONS

WILLIAM H. KUMM

PRESIDENT, AEL

April 27, 2005

ENERGY OCEAN CONFERENCE

Washington Convention Center, D.C.

Pg.6-3

“NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY” MAY 2001, Pg. 6-3

“ENDING THE ENERGY STALEMATE” DEC 2004,

Pg. 65

AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY,

ARE ALL, SURPRISINGLY, USING VERY

NARROW MINDED THINKING, BECAUSE:

THE CONUS HAS AN OCEAN ON THREE SIDES,

AND

THE SUN SHINES ON THESE OCEANS AS WELL.

DON’T DO THIS, DO OTEC INSTEAD

AT-SEA

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY

CONVERSION (OTEC)

PLANT-SHIPS CAN

UNIQUELY

CAPTURE SOLAR ENERGY

24 HOURS PER DAY

ON-LAND SOLAR CAPTURE IS ONLY 33%

EFFICIENT (8/24 HOURS)

CONSIDER SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA’S NEEDS

• LARGE INCREASES IN

“CLEAN AIR”

ELECTRICITY

• LARGE INCREASES IN

POTABLE WATER BY

DESALINATION

SATISFYING CA NEEDS:

HYDROGEN IS THE CLEANEST FUEL

FOR BOTH ELECTRIC UTILITIES &

AUTOMOBILES

AT-SEA OTEC DESALINATED WATER,

PLUS HYDROGEN FUEL (SHIPPED AS

AMMONIA BY TANKERS), HAVE NO

COASTAL ZONE IMPACTS

A

1

9

8

0

S

T

U

D

Y

NH3

TURBINE

GENERATOR

NH3

EVAPORATOR

NH3

CONDENSER

DISCHARGE

CHARGE

POWER TO

BALANCE OF PLANT

AND ELECTROLYZER

WARM

SEAWATER

CLOSED-CYCLE OTEC

POWER MODULE

PRODUCT WATERMULTISTAGE FLASH EVAPORATOR

STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4 COLD

SEAWATER

Schematic Flow Diagram

for a Hybrid-Cycle At-Sea

OTEC Water PlantPer T. Rabas, C. Panchal and L. Genens,

Argonne National Laboratory, DOE, 1991

OTEC

CLOSED

LOOP POWER

PLANT

ELEC-

TRO-

LYZER

LOAD &

UNLOAD

PUMP

(UN-

LOAD

PUMP)

STAGED

FLASH

EVAPO-

RATOR

PS

CREW

ROTATION

PLANT-

SHIP (PS)

OPERATIONS

P S & TAN-

KER CREW

ROTATIONS

PRODUCT

TANKER

OPERATIONS

WARM

SURFACE

WATER

PUMP

COLD

DEEP

WATER

PUMP

LOAD &

UNLOAD

PUMP

(UN-

LOAD

PUMP)

SELF PROP.

POWER

PLANT

SYSTEM

CREW OPE-

RATIONS

BUSINESS

MANAGE-

MENT

SELF

POWER &

HOTEL

LOADS

FR. WATER

STORAGE

TANKS

PRODUCT

CRYOGEN.

TANKS

FRESH

WATER

TANKS

UN-

LOAD

TERM.

UN-

LOAD

TERM.

I I

I II I

I I

COLD WATER

PIPE (CWP)

Deep Cold Water

WarmSurfaceWater

PIPE

$ Income

$ Income

Potable

Water

kWh

AT-SEA “GRAZING” PLANTSHIP ROUTE-FLEXIBLE PRODUCT TANKER LANDSIDE OPERATION

042205 AEL

kWh

Heat

CoolingBoil-Off Heat

kWh

kWh

kWh

WATER

DISTRIB.

AGENCY

ELECT.

UTILITY &

DISTRIB. PIPE

I I I I

NITRO-

GEN FIX

FROM

ATMOS.

kWh

H O

NH 3

2

N2

2H

2O

AMMONIA

SYNTH. &

CRYO.

TANKS

Brine

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

OTECPLANTSHIPSARETSU-NAMIWAVEIMPER-VIOUS.

COAST-LINE

FACILI-TEES

ARE NOT.

AN ENERGY COMMODITY IN TRANSIT TO CONUS MARKETS

CRYOGENICBULK TRANSPORT

CA

PIT

AL

IN

VE

ST

ME

NT

$

/DW

T

OR

OP

ER

AT

ING

C

OS

T

$/D

WT

D

EL

IVE

RE

D NON-CRYO.TRANSPORT

L [H2] L [CH4] or “LNG”

L [NH3] L [H2O]or WATER

At +15°C

At - 33°C

At - 95°C

At - 258°C

TYPE OF SHIP / COMMODITY DELIVERED

ENERGY MACRO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON

1. LNG IMPORTS MANY NEGATIVES

• FOREIGN SOURCE

• FOREIGN SHIPS

• FOREIGN CREWS

• FLAG-OF-CONVENIENCEREGISTRY

2. OTEC SYSTEMS MANY POSITIVES

• DOMESTIC SOURCE

• DOMESTIC SHIPS

• DOMESTIC CREWS

• LIMITLESS CAPACITY

• NH3 COMMERCE IS ROUTINE

• 2NH3 + Heat N2 + 3H2

• FEW CONUS JOBS

• $ BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

• STRATEGIC DEPENDENCE

• NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

• RENEWABLE - SOLAR DRIVEN

• US SHIPYARDS – JONES ACT SHIPS

• “HYDROGEN ECONOMY” BULK TRANSPORT

• MULTIPLE CARGOES – H2O, NH3 & O2

• BACKS OUT FOREIGN CRUDE & LNG

• PROMOTES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

INCLUDING HYDROGEN

TRANSPORT AS AMMONIA

AT-SEA SOLAR-AT-SEA SOLAR-

DRIVEN OCEANDRIVEN OCEAN

DESALINATIONDESALINATION

AND HYDROGENAND HYDROGEN

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

THE

H2 TEC®

SYSTEM

2005A TEAM OF COMPANIES LED BY ARCTIC ENERGIES LTD.

511 HEAVITREE LANE, SEVERNA PARK, MD 21146-1010,

TEL 410 987 5454, FAX 410 987 7549

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