Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army

Shift in Security Trends Coordination Needs and Realities between

Military and CSOs RTA in Dealing with DRO: Case Study

Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army

Resource Needed (Single or Multiple) Problem Complexity (Low or High) Type of Security (Human or Nation) Type of Threat (Human or Nature) Level of Innovative Coordination (Low or High)

Multiple Resources

Single Resources

Low ComplexityOf Problem

High Complexity of Problem

• High Coordination• Low innovation

• Very High Coordination• Very High innovation

• High Coordination• High innovation

• Low Coordination• Low innovation

Modern Threats/Problems along Borders Insurgency in South Deep Traffic in Bangkok Green House Effect Political Conflict So on

Human Security

Nation Security

Low ComplexityOf Problem

High Complexity of Problem

• High Participation• Low innovation

• Very High Participation• Very High innovation

• High Participation• High innovation

• Low Participation• Low innovation

Political/Administration: • Individual Confidence in a power of the state

Economic• Individual Confidence in an enough income for living

Social• Individual Confidence in trust and understanding among people

Safety• Individual Confidence in safety in live and assets

So on

Large to Very Large Scale

Disaster

Nature-Based Threats

Human-Based Threats

Low Coordination

High Coordination

Very Small Scale

Disaster

Small to Medium

Scale Disaster

High to Very High Complex

Threats Very less Complex Threats

Less to Medium Complex Threats

Nature-Based Threats• Flooding• Wild Fire• Earth quark• Tidal Wave • So on

Human-Based Threats• Pollution • Climate Change• War• Internal Conflict• So on

Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army

Multiple Resources

Single Resources

Low ComplexityOf Problem

High Complexity of Problem

• High Coordination• Low innovation

• Very High Coordination• Very High innovation

• High Coordination• High innovation

• Low Coordination• Low innovation

Level of involved organization• Strategic Level: Government, Special Organizations• Operation Level: Ministry-Based Organizations• Tactical Level: Many Types of Units in the operation areas

Root of Problems• Political/Administration• Economic• Social• Technology• Security• So on

There exists the differences between Military and CSOs• Culture (Norms)• Rules and Regulations• Knowledge• Technology• Working Process• Beliefs and Values to do things (Mutual benefits)

These differences are constraints to establish innovative coordination

*World Vision International

Civil Society Organizations Military

No Arms Carry Arms

Flexible Set Systems

Flat structure and delegated authority

Hierarchical / command structure

Independent Highly disciplined

Ethic centered Task centered

Multiple Resources

Single Resources

Low ComplexityOf Problem

High Complexity of Problem

• High Coordination• Low innovation

• Very High Coordination• Very High innovation

• High Coordination• High innovation

• Low Coordination• Low innovation

Naturally, organizations maintain their comfort zone Coordination is established when

• They mutually see possible loss(es): not often• They are externally forced by government or influential civil

society(s) when huge damage already generated: quite often In order to establish coordination these difference must

be reduced/adjusted • Beliefs and Values to do things• Culture (Norms)• Rules and Regulations• Knowledge• Technology• Working Process

Optimum Distance generate these mutual Beliefs and Values to do things Culture (Norms) Rules and Regulation Knowledge Technology Working Process / Practice

Distance of Differences

Optimum Distance

Optimum Distance

Royal Thai ArmyRoyal Thai Army

National law: Civil Disaster Prevention Act National Plan: National Civil Defense Plan Management of the Plan:

• Ministry of Interior Administration of the Plan:

• Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Defence Disaster Relief Center (DDRC)

Office of Permanent Secretary for Defence Disaster Relief Center

(OPSD DRC)

Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters Disaster Relief Center

(RTAFs HQs DRC)

Royal Thai ArmyDisaster Relief Center

(RTA DRC)

Royal Thai Navy Disaster Relief Center

(RTN DRC)

Royal Thai Air ForceDisaster Relief Center

(RTAF DRC)

Unit directly reported to RTAFs Disaster Relief

Center(Unit directly reported to

RATFs HQs DRC)

Administer, coordinate, direct and supervise Encourage the rendering of assistance to the disaster victims Use of RTA’s media resources to warn and report to

the public Coordinate operations and practice

Provide knowledge and training Carry out campaigns to enhance the prevention of

accidents or disasters as assigned by the Ministry of Defense

Develop procedures for disaster

RTA Disaster Relief Center• 4 Regional Disaster Relief

Centers• The Military Districts/ Circles Disaster Relief

Centers

o To formulate policies and guidelines o To provide guidelines in assisting disaster victims

o Act as a coordination centero Supervises/monitors the situations and eventso To render timely assistance to disaster victims

Preparation Stage Operation Stage (Level 1, 2, and 3) Rehabilitation Stage

o Monitor situation, gather data and informationMonitor situation, gather data and informationo Prepare personnel, equipment, tools and Prepare personnel, equipment, tools and communication systems communication systems o Confirms coordination, support, procedures and safe Confirms coordination, support, procedures and safe evacuation areas with civil agenciesevacuation areas with civil agencies

o Level 1 is a minor disastero Level 2 is a moderate disaster o Level 3 is a major disaster

Handled by the local civilian authorities.

Situation cannot be controlled or managed by local civilian authorities

Requires support from various agencies within the province, or nearby provinces

The Ministry of Defense will closely monitor the situation, if the degree of disaster continues to increase from level 1 to level 2 and beyond, the ministry will take the appropriate actions.

Affecting the majority of the public or a situation

Plan, administer, coordinate, monitor and publicize available assistance

Provide personnel to rebuild/repair infrastructure and public property

Restore the environment Provide the necessities of life Set up psychological rehabilitation activities Survey damages for future assistance

Flood Shortages of water

Cold weather Forest and bush fires

So on

Domestic• Tsunami

Other Countries• Bangladesh: Cyclone Syd• Union of Myanmar: Nargis• Laos People’s Democratic Republic: Monsoon Kammuri

Low awareness of natural risk: • Regionally• Nationally • Locally

No preventive Mechanism

No plan in managing a large scale natural disaster No MOU in managing international or regional

disaster management

Help promote awareness of natural risk: • Regionally• Nationally• Locally

Involve in developing preventive technology with other sectors

Many international forums have been held to promote cooperation

The cooperation between nations in the region is increasing through many kinds of activities such as seminars and trainings

More Innovative Coordination is needed More Vertical Implementation into Local Level is

sustainably needed• Local Preventive Awareness• Local Preventive Education and Training• Local Preventive Participation

So on