noorul islam centre for higher education - · pdf filestructural , optical, chemical and...

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

M.PHIL. PHYSICS


NOORUL ISLAM UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

M.PHIL. PHYSICS

CURRICULUM & SYLLABUS

SEMESTER - I

SL.No.

SUBJECTCODE SUBJECT L T P C

THEORY

1. GE401 Teaching Methodology 4 1 0 5

2. PH401 Research Methodology in Physics 4 1 0 5

3. PH402 Advanced Physics 4 1 0 5

TOTAL 12 3 0 15


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

GE401 TEACHING METHODOLOGY 4 1 0 5

OBJECTIVES1. To understand the concepts and Practices of Teaching Methodology in Higher Education2. To understand the Concept and Practices of Educational Psychology3. To develop the awareness in modern teaching practices and evaluation4. To provide systematic knowledge about motivation and emotion

UNIT - I 15Higher Education - Teaching Technology: Objectives and Role of Higher Education-Learningand Learning Hierarchy - Information Processing – Learning Events and Outcomes. TeachingTechnology - Meaning, concept and scope – Instructional Designs: Objectives based, Skillbased, Competency based, Learning style based and Model based Large Group Techniques:Lecture, Modified Lecture, Panel Discussion, Team Teaching, Project Approach and Workshop– Simulation, Role Playing, Brain Storming, Case formulation, analysis and Discussion.Concept of Micro – teaching - Steps - Micro-teaching Cycle - Rationale of Micro-teachingProcedure - Phase of Micro-teaching.

UNIT – II 10Educational Evaluation: Methods of Evaluation -Self Evaluation – Analysis of Teaching-Identification of Teaching Skills - Core Teaching Skills-Teaching Skills and their Specification-Teacher Evaluation- Methods. The measurement and evaluation process - concept - scope andneed - Basics - characteristics of good measuring instruments - validity - Objectivity - reliabilityusability and norms. Models in educational evaluation - 3d model - total reflection model andindividual judgment model. - scores and methods of feed back to students - new trends inevaluation.

UNIT –III 10Educational Psychology : Meaning and Definition - modern psychology - Study of psychology:Structuralism, Functionalism, and Behaviorism. - Branches of Psychology - EducationalPsychology -Concepts, Nature and Scope - Importance of Educational Psychology for theTeacher. Key perspectives in psychology: The facets of behavior - New trends in psychology -Research methods in psychology: Observation, Correlation and the Experimental method -Ethical issues in psychological research. Group Dynamics- Competition and Co-operation –Group Behaviour- Leadership Traits – Classroom Climate.

UNIT – IV 15Motivation and Emotion : Motivation and Learning - Functions of Motives - Kinds of Motives -Theories of Motivation - Hull's Drive education, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Achievement -Motivation - Carl Rogers: self theory – McClelland: Achievement Motivation - Components -Fear of Failure and Hope of Success - Motivation in the classroom context - Praise and Blame,Rewards and Punishments - Feedback / Knowledge of Results - Level of Aspiration -


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

Achievement Motivation - Emotions, Expression and Impact - Relationship between emotionand cognition. - Levels of aspiration and its psychological implications.

UNIT – V 10ICT Enabled Teaching – Meaning and Scope. Electronic Media in Education: Concept,Selection, Use and Variety-e-Learning Resources: e-Learning, e-books, e-journals etc-Web-based Learning: Access and Teaching Issues. Conducting lessons using interactive whiteboards /Electronic Board – conducting an online class / online discussion - virtual Classroom – Videoconferencing – Building Animation Tools

TOTAL HOURS: 60REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Aggarwal.J.C. (2008) Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd Edition) Vikas Publishing

House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.2. Baron A. Robert (2000) Psychology. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.3. Chauhan. S. S. (2007) Advanced Educational Psychology (7th Edition), Vikas Publishing

House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.4. Dennis Child (1973) Psychology and the Teacher. Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York.5. Hurlock B. Elizabeth (1980) Adolescent Development. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.6. Hurlock B.Elizabeth (1980) Developmental Psychology. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.7. John.W.Santrock (2006) Educational Psychology, Mc graw-hill Higher Education,

New Delhi.8. Mangal. S. K (2007) Advanced Educational Psychology (2nd Edition), Prentice-Hall of

India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi9. Vedanayagam, E.G. (1989) Teaching Technology for College Teachers. New Delhi: Sterling

Publishers (p) Ltd.10. Rajasekar, S. (2005) Computer Education and Educational Computing, Hyderabad:

Neelkamal Publications.11. Kumar, K. L. (1997) Educational Technology, New Delhi: New Age International (p) Ltd.12 SampathKumar, K. Paneerselvam, A and Santhanam, S. (1990) Introduction to Educational

Technology, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers (Pvt) Ltd.13. Tony Bates, A.W. (2005) Technology, e-Learning and Distance Education, New York:

Routlede.

PH401 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN PHYSICS 4 1 0 5

Unit 1: Foundations of Research Methodology 9Types of research- Actual investigation- principles and ethics- criteria for selecting researchproblem- Identification of the problem- mode of research- Literature survey- Access usinginternet- e- journals- Writing and presenting a paper at scientific seminar- art of writing adissertation.


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

Unit 2: Integrals transforms 9Fourier transforms- Fourier sine and cosine transforms- Laplace transforms, Inverse transform-Transforms of derivatives and integrals- Green’s function-theory.

Unit 3:Numerical methods 9Solutions for simultaneous equations- Newton Raphson method- Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors-power method- Numerical integration- Gaussian quadrature formula- Differential Equations bysecond and fourth order Runge-Kutta method.

Unit 4:Software packages 9

Introduction to Gaussian- MATLAB- Molecular dynamics simulations- VASP (Input & Output)- Modeling continuous systems - Monte Carlo simulations.

Unit 5: Characterization techniques 9X-ray diffraction, crystal structure and phase identification- Principles, instrumentation andapplications of FTIR- UV-Visible spectroscopy- Impedance spectroscopy- Cyclic voltametry-Scanning electron microscope- Transmission electron microscope.

References1. C.R.Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (New age international,

New 2006)2. J.Anderson, B.H.Durston and M.Poole, Thesis and Assignment writing (Wiley Eastern,

New Delhi 1977)G.3. Arfken & H. J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic press, Harcourt

India, 2005.L.A.4. Pipes and L.R. Harvill, Applied Mathematics for Engineering and Physicists (McGraw

Hill, Singapore, 1967)5. Numerical Mathematical Analysis - James B. Scarborough , 6th Edn. Oxford & IBH

publishing Co. New Delhi, 1966.6. Numerical methods – M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar, R.K. Jain, New Age International

Publishers Company Ltd,. New Delhi, (2007)


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

PH402 ADVANCED PHYSICS 4 1 0 5

Unit I : Quantum Mechanics 9Review of solutions to Schrodinger equation for different types of potentials with practicalapplications . Perturbation theories- Scattering theory- Angular momentum and spin.

Unit II: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory 9Review of Relativistic quantum theory- Klein-Gordon equation- Dirac equation- Feynman’spositron theory- Quantum Electrodynamics- Quantum Field theory- String theory

Unit III: Crystal Physics 9Crystal structure- Brillouine zone- Phonons-Band theory-Fermi Surface.

Unit IV: Superconductivity and Magnetism 9Supercondutivity – types- BCS Theory – Josephson effect- New superconductors – Applications-Magnetism- Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism –quantum theory- Ferromagnetism –ferromagnetic order- spin waves – magnons. Dielectrics – types of polarization.

Unit V: Nanomaterials 9Nanomaterials- nanoparticles- carbon nanomaterials- Quantum dots and wells.

REFERENCE BOOKS:-1. Quantum mechanics III Edn. - L.I. Schiff, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.2. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Fied theory I Edn. – V. Devanathan

Narosa Publishing House, 2011, Chennai.3. Introduction to Solid State Physics 8th Edn - C. Kittel , Wiley Eastern Ltd. 2011.4. A textbook of Quantum Mechanics – P.M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan, Tata McGraw-

Hill Publishing Company Ltd.5. Quantum Mechanics, V. Devanathan, Narosa Publishing House, 2005,Chennai.6. Principles of Quantum Mechanics II Edn - R. Shankar , Springer.20057. Nano-and Micromaterials –Editors : K. Ohno, M. Tanaka, J. Takeda and Y. Kawazoe

Springer 2008.8. Carbon Nanotubes- Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, properties and

Applications Editors: A. Jorio, M.S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, Spiringer, 2008.9. Solid State Theory by Harrison, W. A.: McGraw Hill 200010. Introduction to solid-state theory, O. Madelung ,Springer 1981


M.PHIL. PHYSICS




M.PHIL. PHYSICS


SEMESTER - II

SL.No.

SUBJECTCODE SUBJECT L T P C

THEORY

1. XxEx1 ELECTIVE – 1 4 1 0 5

PROJECT

2. PH4P1 Dissertation 0 0 30 15TOTAL 4 1 30 20


M.PHIL. PHYSICS




M.PHIL. PHYSICS


LIST OF ELECTIVES

SL.No.

SUBJECTCODE

SUBJECT L T P C

THEORY

1. PH4A1Crystal Growth Techniques andCharacterization

4 1 0 5

2. PH4A2Solar Photovolatics: Fabrication,Characterization and Applications

4 1 0 5

3. PH4A3Synthesis of Nanomaterials andComposites

4 1 0 5

4. PH4A4 Biological Crystallization 4 1 0 5

5. PH4A5Acoustical Studies and MolecularInteraction in Liquids

4 1 0 5

6. PH4A6 Indepth Study of Crystal Growth 4 1 0 5

7. PH4A7Recent Developments in CrystalGrowth Techniques and Applications

4 1 0 5


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

PH4A1 CRYSTAL GROWTH TECHNIQUES AND CHARACTERIZATION 4 1 0 5

UNIT 1

Principles of Crystal Nucleation and Growth, Crystallization mechanisms in solution

UNIT 2

Gel structure and properties, Crystal growth in gel media, Advances in gel growth, Physical andchemical properties of gels Application to protein nucleation control in the gel acupuncturetechnique

UNIT 3

Modification of gel technique for micro-crystals of biomaterials: In situ growth and dissolutionstudies, Influence of an organic and an inorganic additive on the crystallization of dicalciumphosphate dihydrate

UNIT 4

The medical management of urolithiasis, History of kidney stones as a possible risk factor forchronic kidney disease

UNIT 5

Structural , Optical, Chemical and Thermal Investigations- XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM-EDX,TGA-DTA

References

1. Heinz K. Henisch, Crystals in Gels and Liesegang ring, Cambridge University Press,1988.

2. R. Boistelle and J.P. Astier Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 90, 1988, 14-303. H.K. Hektisch, J. Dennis, J.I. Hanoka, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol.

26, 1965, 493–4964. AR Patel and A Venkateswara Rao, Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 4, 1982, 527-5485. SK Arora, Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization Vol. 4, 1981, 345-3786. Bharat B. Parekh, M. J. Joshi, and A. D. B. Vaidya, Current Science, Vol. 93, 2007,107. T.K. Anee, N. Meenakshi Sundaram, D. Arivuoli, P. Ramasamy, S. Narayana Kalkura,

Journal of Crystal Growth Vol.285, 2005, 380-387


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

8. John A. Sayer, Shabbir H. Moochhala, David J. Thomas, British Journal of Medical andSurgical Urology Vol.3, 2010, 87-95

9. Abel Moreno, Gabriela Juarez-Martinez, Tomas Hernandez-Perez, Nikola Batina,Manuel Mundo, Alexander McPherson, Journal of Crystal Growth , Vol. 205 1999, 375-381

10. Suma Vupputuri, J. Michael Soucie, William McClellan and Dale P. Sandler, Annals ofEpidemiology, Vol. 14, 2004, 222-228

PH4A2 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS: FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION

Unit -1 Photovoltaic principles

Solar radiation, spectra of sun, geometric and atmospheric effect of sunlight. Photovoltaiceffect,conversion of solar energy into electrical energy,solar cell-basic structure, P-N junction inequilibrium, homo junction and hetero junction semiconductors.

Unit 2 Types of solar cells

Silicon solar cells: crystalline, multi‐crystalline, amorphous and nano‐crystalline.II-VI cells: including multi‐junction cells and quantum well devices.Thin film solar cells: CdTe and CIGS technologies. Organic solar cells, Dye-sensitized solarcells

Unit-3 Fabrication methods

Crystal growth: Bridgman, Czochralski, Float‐zone, cast method, silicon ribbon.Thin film deposition methods: thermal evaporation, sputtering and wet chemical methods.Epitaxial growth methods: VPE, LPE, MBE, MOCVD.Photolithography, Etching, solid state diffusion method, ion implantation

Unit 4 Characterization and analysis

Solar cell parameters-short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor, efficiency; opticallosses, electrical losses, surface recombination velocity, quantum efficiency-measurements ofsolar cell parameters, I-V curve L-I-V characteristics, internal quantum yield measurements-effect of series and parallel resistance and temperature-loss analysis.


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

Unit 5 Applications

Grid-connected domestic system, Grid-connected power plants, off grid system for ruralelectrification, battery charging, Peltier cooling, consumer goods.

References:

PH4A3 SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS AND COMPOSITES 4 1 0 5

UNIT 1:Nano definition- dimensions of nano materials- applications of nano materialsUNIT 2:One dimensional nano structure- quantum wire- quantum tube-size dependent properties-quantum confinementUNIT 3: Preparation techniquesBall milling- laser abalation- molecular beam epitaxy- sputtering-chemical route—sol-gelprocess- sol –gel synthesis methods for oxides- other inorganics and nano composites-hydrothermal-solvothermalUNIT 4:Nano composites - polymer nano composites - organic block copolymers, emulsionpolymerizationUNIT V:Structural analysis,Thermal analysis , chemical analysis, mechanical and magneticcharacterization.

REFERENCES.

1) Hari Singh Nalwa, Nanostructured materials and Nanotechnology, Academic Press,2002.2) Recent advances in the Liquid- phase Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles, Brain

L.Cushing, Vladimir L.Kolesnichenko, Charles J. O’Connor, chemical Reviews,American Chemical Society, Volume 104, Issue99, pp-3893-3046, 2004.

1. Photovoltaic Solar Cells: choice of materials and fabrication methods,R.W.MILES,Invited Review, Vacuum, 80 (2006) 1090‐1097.2. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, Wiley, Solar Cells and TheirApplications, S.M. SZE, Ed,Partain, Wiley, 1995.3.Solar cells :operating principles,technology and systems applications,MARTINGREEN,unsw,Australia,19974.Solar cells and their applications,LARRY PARTAIN(ed) john wiley and sons,NewYork,19955.Fundamentals of photovoltaic modules and their applications,GOPAL NATH TIWARI,RSC 2010


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

3) Nanocomposite Science and Technology, Pulickel M.Ajayan, Linda S.Schadler, Paul V.Braun,Wiley- VCH Verlag,Weiheim, 2003.

4) Gas sensitivity and characterization of cadmium oxide (cdo) semi conducting thinfilm deposited by spray Pyrolysis technique , R. L. Mishra*, a. K. Sharmaa, s. G.Prakash ,Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures; Vol. 4, No 3,September 2009, p. 511 – 518.

5) Synthesis of CdO Nanoparticles and their Modified CarbonPaste Electrode forDetermination of Dopamine and Ascorbic acid by using Cyclic VoltammetryTechnique, Sathish Reddy, B.E. Kumara Swamy , Umesh Chandra, B.S.Sherigara, H.Jayadevappa; Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 5 (2010) 10 – 17

6) Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of TheCdO Thin Films Prepared ByVacuum Evaporation Thermal Technique, S.A.Maki and M. Q. Mustafa; Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied ScienceNo. 1 Vol. 25 Year 2012

7) Temperature dependent grain-size and microstrain of CdO thin filmsprepared by spray pyrolysis method, B G Jeyaprakash, K Kesavan, R AshokKumar, S Mohan And Amalarani; Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 34, No. 4, July 2011,pp. 601–605. © Indian Academy of Sciences.

8) Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents: ...By Markus Niederberger, Nicola Pinna, Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009.

PH4A4 Biological Crystallization 4 1 0 5

Unit I: Crystal growth in gel mediaCrystal growth in gel media -Advances in gel growth-Recent experiments on crystal growth ingels.

Unit II: Biomedical Application of ApatitesApatites- Hydroxyapatite – Introduction- Biomedical Application of Hydroxyapatites.

Unit III: Crystallization of calcium phosphates crystalsCrystallization of calcium phosphates-Influence of iron and temperature on the calciumphosphates at the physiological pH- Crystallization of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate - Influenceof an organic and an inorganic additive on dicalcium phosphate dehydrate.

Unit IV: Crystallisation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystalsCrystallisation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals- under magnetic field- Crystallisation ofhydroxyapatite in silica gels- Effect of pH on the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in silica gels.

Unit V: Structure of synthesized HydroxyapatiteSelf-assembled right handed helical ribbons of the bone mineral hydroxyapatite- Fibrous growthof strontium substituted hydroxyapatite -drug release.


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

REFERENCE:

1. Crystal growth in gel media, AR Patel and A Venkateswara Rao, Bull. Mater.; Sci., Vol. 4,198, 57-548.2. Advances in gel growth: A Review, SK Arora, Prog. Crystal Growth Charact. Vol. 4, 1981,345-378.3. Recent experiments on crystal growth in gels, Halberstadt and HK Henisch, J. CrystalGrowth3. 1968, 363-366.4. Biomedical Application of Apatites, karlis A Gross, Christopher C Berndt, The mineralogicalsociety of America, Vol. 48, 2002, 1-40.5. Influence of iron and temperature on the crystallization of calcium phosphates at thephysiological pH T.K. Aneea, M. Palanichamyb, M. Ashoka, N. Meenakshi Sundarama, S.Narayana Kalkuraa,*, Materials Letters 58 (2004) 478– 4826. Influence of an organic and an inorganic additive on the crystallization of dicalciumphosphate dehydrate T.K. Aneea,b, N. Meenakshi Sundarama, D. Arivuolic, P. Ramasamya,S. Narayana Kalkura, Journal of Crystal Growth 285 (2005) 380–387.7. Crystallisation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals under magnetic field N. Meenakshi Sundarama, E.K. Girija a, M. Ashok b, T.K. Anee c, R. Vani a, R.V. Suganthi a, Y. Yokogawa d, S.Narayana Kalkura a,⁎Materials Letters 60 (2006) 761–765.8. Effect of pH on the precipitation of hydroxyapatite on silica gels, Alejandro S_enz · Mavis L.Montero Gilberto Mondrag_n · Ventura Rodr_guez-Lugo ·Victor M. Casta_o, Mat Res Innovat(2003) 7:68–73 DOI 10.1007/s10019-003-0230-x.9. Self-assembled right handed helical ribbons of the bone mineral hydroxyapatiteR. V. Suganthi Æ E. K. Girija Æ S. Narayana Kalkura Æ H. K. Varma Æ A. RajaramJ Mater Sci: Mater Med (2009) 20:S131–S136.10. Fibrous growth of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite and its drug releaseR.V. Suganthi a, K. Elayaraja a, M.I. Ahymah Joshy a, V. Sarath Chandra a, E.K. Girija b, S.Narayana Kalkura, , Mater. Sci. Eng. C., Vol. 31, pp. 593-599, 2011.

PH4A5 ACOUSTIC STUDIES AND MOLECULAR INTERACTION IN LIQUIDS

UNIT 1

Binary liquids- Acoustical studies- acoustical parameters - studies

UNIT 2

Binary liquids – molecular interactions – parameters- studies

UNIT 3

Acoustic studies on some alkanols


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

UNIT 4

Acoustical properties of binary liquids at different temperature

UNIT 5

Molecular interaction of binary liquids at different temperature

REFERENCES

1. Kumar R, Jayakumar S and Kannappan V. 2008. Study of molecular interactions inbinary liquid mixtures. Indian journal of pure and applied physics. 46: 169- 175.

2. Rita Mehra and Meenakshi P. 2007. Study of molecular interaction in binary mixture ofbenzene- butanol and toluene butanol system from acoustic and thermodynamicparameters. Indian journal of pure and applied physics. 45:580-590.

3. Saravana kumar and Krishana Rao D. 2007. Study of molecular interactions andultrasonic velocity in mixture of some alkanols with aqueous propylene glycol. Indianjournal of pure and applied physics. 45: 210-220.

4. Bedare G. R, Bhandakkar V. D. and Suryavanshi B. M. 2012. Ultrasonic Study ofMolecular Interactions in Binary Mixtures at 308 K. European Journal of AppliedEngineering and Scientific Research.1 (1):1-4

5. Rita Mehra and Brij Bihari Malav. 2011. Molecular Interaction Study of Lactose, DMF-H2O and NaCl System Using Acoustic, Viscometric and Volumetric Methods at differentTemperatures. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences. 1: 153-163.

6. Sonar A N. and Pawar N. S. 2010. Acoustic and Volumetric Properties of Digoxin andThiabendazole in 1, 4 Dioxane at 303 K. E-Journal of Chemistry. 7(3), 789-794

7. Uvarani. R and Sivapragasam. J.2009.Acoustical Studies on Molecular Interactions inBinary Liquid Mixtures at 303 K. E-Journal of Chemistry 6(4), 1150-1152

8. Thirumaran S, Earnest Jayakumar J. and Hubert Dhanasundaram B. 2010. MolecularInteraction Studies on N-Alkanols with DMA in Toluene at 303K. E-Journal ofChemistry, 7(2), 465-472

9. Uvarani. R and Punitha S. 2009.Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasonic Velocity in OrganicLiquid Mixtures. E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(S1), S235-S238

10. Shaik Babu and Radhakrishna Murthy A. 2011. Ultrasonic Studies on Binary Mixtures ofAcetyl Acetone at 301K. E-Journal of Chemistry 8(3), 1094-1101


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

PH4A6 INDEPTH STUDY OF CRYSTAL GROWTH 4 1 0 5

UNIT-1Crystal structure-lattice, Basis, Primitive lattice-simple crystal structures-Diamond structure-NaCl structure-Non-ideal crystal structures-Bragg's law-Brillouin zone-Reciprocal latticevectors-Debye T3 Law-Free electron model-Kronig penney model-Band gap.

UNIT-2Vibrations of crystals with Mono atomic basis-First Brillouin zone-Group velocity-Quantizationof Elastic waves-Phonon momentum-In elastic scattering by phonons-Phonon heat capacity-Planck distribution.

UNIT-3Occurance of Superconductivity, Meissner Effect-Energy gap-Isotopic Effect-London Equation-BCS theory of superconductivity-Single particle tunneling -Dc Josephson Effect-Ac JosephsonEffect-Macroscopic Quantum Interference.

UNIT-4Magnons- Quantization of spin waves-Thermal excitation of Magnons-Polarization-Lorentzfield-Dielectric constant and polarizability-Classical theory of electronic polarizability-Structuralphase transition-Ferro eiectric crystals-Antiferro electricity-Ferroelectric domain-Piezoelectricity.

UNIT-5Nearly free electron model-Origin of energy gap- Wave equation of electron in a periodicpotential-Bloch functions-Langevin diamagnetism equation-Langevin paramagnetism equation-Ferromagnetic order and curie point.

TEXT BOOK

Charles kittel,Introduction to Solid state physics,John Wiley&sons,7 edition,2004

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1.S.O.Pillai,solid state physics,Wiley eastern ltd.,19942.M.Arumugam,solid state physics,Anuradha agencies,2004.3.J.P.Srivastava,Elements of solid state physics,prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi,2nd

edition,2004.4.Introduction to solid state theory,O.Madelung,Springer 1981.5.P.K.Palaniswamy,solid state physics, Scitech publications(India) pvt ltd., Chennai,2004.


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

PH4A7-RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CRYSTAL GROWTH TECHNIQUES ANDAPPLICATIONS

UNIT I : CRYSTAL GROWTH THEORY 10Introduction to crystal growth - nucleation – Gibbs-Thomson equation - kinetic theory ofnucleation – limitations of classical nucleation theory - homogeneous and heterogeneousnucleation – different shapes of nuclei – spherical, cap, cylindrical and orthorhombic –Temkins model – physical modeling of BCF theory.

UNIT II: CRYSTAL GROWTH TECHNIQUES 12Temperature measurement and control – Starting materials and purification –conservative and non-conservative process - Bridgman technique - Czochralski methods -Verneuil technique - zone melting – gel growth – solution growth methods – low andhigh temperature solution growth methods – vapour growth - epitaxial growth techniques.

UNIT III: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 8Crystalline solids - crystal systems - Bravais lattices –corordination number - Symmetryelements, operations - translational symmetries - point groups - space groups - equivalentpositions –close packed structures - voids - important crystal structures – Paulings rules -defects in crystals, – polymorphism and twinning - polarizing microscope and uses.

UNIT IV: CHARACTERISATON OF MATERIALS 7Laue, rotation/oscillation methods - interpretation of diffraction patterns - cell parameterdetermination – indexing – systematic absences - space group determination (qualitativeonly). Powder diffraction: Debye-Scherrer method – uses. Introduction – Principles andinstrumentation for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) – DTA - DSC - UV-Vis-IR, FTIRspectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ESR, NMR, SEM, EDAX, TEM, AFM – dielectric -microhardness and its applications

UNIT V: APPLICATIONS 8Photoluminescence - Thermoluminescence – Solar cells - Nonlinear optics – opticalswitching - phase conjugation - optical bistability - nonlinear optical materials -properties and applications - Laser - medical applications – solid state lasers -semiconductors - superconductors – polarizers - radiation detectors – scintillator -dielectric – piezoelectric - acousto-optic - photosensitive materials and crystalline filmsfor microelectronics and computer industries.

L:45REFERENCES:

1. Buckley, H.E., Crystal growth, John Wiely and sons, New York,1981.2. Elwell,D & Scheel, H.J., Crystal growth from high temperature solution, Academic Press,

New York,1995.


M.PHIL. PHYSICS

3. Laudise, R.A. The growth of single crystals, Prentice Hall, Englewood,1970.4. Azaroff, L.V. Elements of X-ray crystallography, McGraw-Hill,NY,1968.5. Tareen, J.A.K & Kutty, T.R.N, A basic course in crystallography, University Press, 2001.6. Nucleation, Ed.by A.C.Zxettlemoyer, Marcel – Dekker Publishers, 1969.7. Modelling Crystal Growth rates from solution – by Makoto Ohara and Robert C. Reid,

1973.8. Crystal Growth Processes – by J.C.Brice, John Wiley and sons, New York 1986.9. Crystal Growth – by B.R.Pamplin, 1975, Pergamon press, London.10. Advance Crystal Growth – Edited by P.M.Dryburgh, B.Cockayane and K.G.Barraclough,

Prentice – Hall, London, 1986.11. Stradling, R.A; Klipstain, P.C; Growth and Characterization of semiconductors, Adam

Hilger, Bristol,1990.12. D.Kealey & P.J.Haines, Analytical Chemistry, Viva Books Private Limited, New Delhi

2002.13. Yariv, A and Yeh, P, Photonics, 6th Editition, Oxford University Press, 200714. B

.B. Laud, 'Laser and Non-Linear Optics', Second Edition, New Age International (p)Limited publishers, 1996.

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