Norman Email Protection 5.0

technical training

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Agenda

• Email bourne threats– Spam– Phishing– Malware

• Basic Email communication– DNS– nslookup– SMTP

• NEP– Basics– Installation– Configuration– Administration

• Policy Management

• Certification test (optional)

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Email bourne threats

definition and threat landscape

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Main e-mail bourne threats

• Spam– Unsolicited Commercial e-mail

• Phishing– Deceptive malicious e-mail

• Malware– Malicious software attached to email

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Spam

• Spam is Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

• Spamming is the act of sending unsolicited, bulk (and usually commercial) electronic messages.

• Other Internet technologies targeted by spam include messaging, newsgroup, and search engines.

• Spam in the form of text messages can also target mobile phone.

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Phishing

• Deceptive malicious e-mail• Based on social engineering• Spoofs large entities to trick users

– PayPal– Facebook– World of Warcraft– eBay– HSBC Bank

• Tricks recipient into divulging private information for the gain of the sender– Credit card information– Social security numbers– Account numbers– Username and passwords– etc...

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Malware

• Common term for Malicious Software– Virus– Worm– Trojan– Spyware– Adware– Rootkits– Ransomware

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Why email security?

• Over 90% of all e-mail is spam– Statistics ranging from 90 – 97%1, 2, 3

• Identifying and deleting spam is in-efficient and costly4

– Average company with 50 employees– 40 legitimate e-mail / day per user– 90% spam -> 360 spam e-mails (90% of 400)– 5 seconds per spam– 5 sec. * 360 = 1800 seconds / 60 = 30 minutes / day– 0,5 * 25$ = $12.50/user/day– $12.50 * 50 staff * 230 days = $143 750 / year in lost

productivity

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1 http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/31/spam-back-to-94-of-all-e-mail/2 http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090408/0858554433.shtml3 http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10249172-83.html4 http://www.allspammedup.com/2009/02/is-spam-prevention-too-costly-for-your-business/ (se also notes section)

Why email security? cont’d

• Email is still important for spreading malware– March 2009: Facebook Users Hit With Malware through

Spoofed Email Messages Again1

– March 2010: Beware, New Malicious Malware Spread Through Email2

• Number of phishing scams increase– More Than 80% Of Phishing Attacks Use Hijacked,

Legitimate Websites3

– More Brands Under Attack Than Ever Before, Hitting Record High in Q4 20094

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1 http://www.allfreesource.com/news/beware-new-malicious-malware-spread-through-email.html2 http://www.spywareremove.com/security/facebook-users-hit-with-malware-through-spoofed-email-messages-again/3 http://www.darkreading.com/security/attacks/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=2177004704 http://www.antiphishing.org/reports/apwg_report_Q4_2009.pdf

How phishers operate

Phishers create and distribute unsolicited, fraudulent emails11

Recipients are instructed to click on links and/or graphics in the email22

Phishers use this informationto commit further fraud44

Phishers request confidential/personal information33

Phishing in real life

Phishing web site Original web site

Email communication

basics

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mail.b.no

To: a@b.no

DNSmx b.no=?

mx b.no:10: mail.b.no20: post.b.no

a@b.no

post.b.no

Sender

ISP / Internet

Recipient

Email

DNS

• DNS translates domain names into IP addresses • 2 Servers required for any domain• Common Record Types:

– SOA (Start of Authority) Define basic DNS information for the domain

– A record (Host) The primary record used to associate an IP address to a domain

– CNAME record (canonical name) Essentially acts as an alias for an A record

– MX record (Mail Exchanger) Defines the DNS record that hosts the mail server for a domain. Points to an A record or a CNAME

– PTR (Pointer) usually used to point an IP address to a host record in the reverse zone.

– TXT (Text) “borrowed” DNS value being used for SPF

Nslookup in Windows

• To check Domain Name and e-mail servers, use nslookup:

– ‘Start’->’Run’->'nslookup' <Enter>.

– 'set q=ns‘ <Enter> and 'domain.com' <Enter>. It shows the NS records for your domain.

– To display txt records, type 'set q=txt’ and ‘domain.com’ <Enter>

– To check MX records, type ‘set q=mx” <Enter> and 'domain.com' <Enter>.

– ‘exit’ <Enter> back to the OS command prompt.

SMTP

A short introduction

SMTP standard

• Simple text based protocol• Uses TCP port 25• Originally defined in RFC 821

– Now obsolete, replaced by RFC 2821• Today’s protocol: ESMTP (Extended SMTP)

– Defined in RFC 2821– Fully compliant with SMTP defined in RFC 821

• On connection– SMTP server responds 220 (I’m an SMTP server)

HELO

• Client greets server with senders fully qualified domain name (fqdn) or ip address in brackets []

• Syntax: – helo fqdn or helo [ip address]– Example:

• helo computer.example.com• helo [192.168.0.1]

• HELO supported by all SMTP servers

• EHLO (Extended HeLO)– Invokes Extended SMTP (ESMTP)– RFC 2821

MAIL FROM:

• Identifies the sender of the mail

• Syntax: – mail from: <senders mail address>– Example: mail from: <computer@example.com>

RCPT TO:

• Specifies recipient

• Syntax: – rcpt to: <recipients mail address>– Example: rcpt to: <computer@example2.com>

DATA:

• Informs SMTP server that data will be transmitted– Mail header– Mail body– Attachements

• Syntax: – data– Example: data

• Everything transmitted after the data commandis part of the mail and does not invoke theSMTP standard

• End send of data: <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>• Only 7 bit ASCII is allowed

– Special characters not allowed

Internet Message Format

• Defined in RFC 2822– Originally defined in RFC 822

• Consist of– Header fields– Body

Example communication with SMTP server

• S: 220 www.example.com ESMTP Sendmail • C: HELO mydomain.com • S: 250 Hello mydomain.com • C: MAIL FROM:<sender@mydomain.com> • S: 250 Ok • C: RCPT TO:<friend@example.com> • S: 250 Ok • C: DATA • S: 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> • C: Subject: Test!• C: From: sender@mydomain.com • C: To: recipient@example.com • C: • C: Hello• C: This is a test-mail from me.• C: Bye!• C: . • S: 250 Ok: queued as 12345 • C: QUIT • S: 221 Bye

Server = S: - Client = C:

SMTP VRFY

• The SMTP protocol includes a VRFY command. (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0821.txt)– Command allows for detailed information about a given

e-mail mailbox on a server. – This SMTP VRFY command capability is usually disabled

by default to hide mailboxes and aliases away from spammers.

– This is one of the ways Norman Email Protection can populate its users list.

Example of SMTP_VRFY

• S: 220 university.be ESMTP Sendmail8.13.1/8.13.0/mp-2004.02.20; Thu, 12 Aug 2004

• C: helo domain.com• S: 250 domain.be Hello Domain.com [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx],

pleased to meet you• C: mail from: oliver@domain.com• S: 250 2.1.0 <oliver@domain.com>... Sender ok• C: VRFY peter.meyer@university.be [Alias]• S: 250 2.1.5 Peter Meyer pm@university.be• C: VRFY pm@university.be [Mailbox]• S: 250 2.1.5 Peter Meyer pm@university.be• C: VRFY nonexistenuser@university.be• S: 5xx error• Server = S: - Client = C:

SMTP Auth

• SMTP Authentication(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2554.txt)– SMTP Authentication is advertised by the SMTP

Authentication server, requires a client to authenticate, while finally both parties have to mutually accept and support the chosen authentication procedure.

– Originally invented as a Host-to-Host protocol, with SMTP Authentication, a User has to identify itself and after successful authentication, reception/transmission of his/her emails is granted

– SASL authentication mechanism

Hands-On assignement (optional)

• Locate Mail Exchanger (mx host) for norman.com– What tool do you use?– What is the dns name of the mx host with highets

priority?

• Uset telnet to connect to the mx host for the norman.com domain. – Remember to add the port number to the telnet request:

• Telnet <server> 25

• Use the telnet session you’re in to send an email to training@norman.com

Norman Email Protection

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Norman Email Protection – in short

• Mail relay server– Receives e-mail

• Checks if the mail is worth receiving

– Scan e-mail• Attachments• Anti Virus• Anti Phishing• Anti Spam

– Rules• Custom Rules (Sieve script)• Language filter

– Deliver e-mail• Depending on the result of

scan and configuration

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Granular control and ease of administration

• Custom rules– Create custom rules and set their order of execution

• Customize content filters and settings:– For entire server– For individual domains– For individual mailboxes

• User can manage their quarantine content through Quarantine Report:– Verify message content– Delete or release messages– Manage custom Trusted Senders and Blocked Senders list

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Components of NEP

• Norman Email Protection– The NEP server is the main component of the secure

messaging solution. This is what receives all the e-mail, filters it out based on company/ISP policy regarding viruses, attachments and spam and eventually sends it to the user’s mailbox.

• Database– Stores sieve scripts, Quarantine, Monitoring and Audit

information• Web components

– Web access for admin and users to WebQuarantine, WebAdmin, WebMonitor and WebPolicy

Installing Norman Email Protection

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Overview

• Network Configuration Scenarios– LAN– DMZ

• System requirements• Server Configuration Requirements• Configuration• Installation

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Network configuration scenario

• LAN (the most common setup)– NEP placed between firewall and e-mail server– Easy configuration

• Often just necessary to change NAT setting in FW

– Protects e-mail server from public view and potential attack

– Applies security to all incoming messages from Internet

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Internet Firewall LANe-mail serverNEP

LAN configuration

Network configuration scenario

• DMZ– High security environments– More complex configuration– Client must often configure multiple firewalls– Careful planning required before deployment

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Internet Firewall LANe-mail serverNEPRouter

DMZ LANDMZ configuration

System requirements (software)

• Operating System: – Windows Server 2003 or 2008 (32-bit)

• Web Server– IIS version 6.0 or later

• Components:– NET Framework 3.5 SP1– MDAC 2.8 SP1 or higher

• Exchange Integration:– Microsoft Exchange 2000/2003/2007/2010

• Database Server– SQL Server 2000+ or SQL Server 2005 Express Edition

• Web Browser– Internet Explorer 7+– Chrome– Firefox

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System requirements - Hardware

Mailboxes 1 – 500 501 – 1 500 1 501 – 5 000 5 000 +

CPU 2.13 GHz 3 GHzSingle Core

3 GHzDual Core

3 GHzDual Core

RAM 1 GB 1 GB 2 GB 4 GB

HardDisk 1 1 – 2 1 – 2 4 – 5 5

RAID 2 RAID-1 RAID-1 RAID 10 RAID 5

Connectivity 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

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1 Minimum 40 GB, 7200 RPM Hard Drive is recommended.2 RAID is recommended, but not required

Upgrading Norman Email Protection

• Direct upgrade to NEP 5.0 is supported from – Version 4.6 – Version 4.7

• Version 4.5 and older– Upgrade to 4.6– Upgrade to 5.0

• To upgrade existing installation, install over existing installation– It is highly recommend to backup databases before

backup

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Server Configuration Requirements

• Static IP address• MS Built-in SMTP service disabled or set to manual

– To avoid conflict on port 25• Open ports

– 80, 443 (http & https)– 31804, 31805 & 31806 (for Web components)

• Windows Firewall disabled– To avoid problems with internal communication– External firewall recommended to protect from unauthorized

external access• MS SQL Database must be accessible

– Used by Sieve, Quarantine, Monitoring, Auduit)– MS SQL Express is included with NEP installer

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Select deployment strategy

• Deployment strategy 1 (default option)– All components on a single server

• Mail Component:Server and Administration Console

• Web component: WebQuarantine, WebAdmin, WebMonitor and WebPolicy

• Deployment strategy 2– Mail component on Server 1– Web Components on Server 2

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Installing Norman Email Protection

• Overview– Run installer file and follow instructions on screen– Install paths

• NEP– C:\Program Files\Norman\Norman Email Protection\

• Web Components– C:\Program Files\Norman\Web\

– Delivery failure notices:• Enter an email address to receive delivery failure notices

– IIS Configuration• Automatic configuration recommended

– SQL Server Installation• Select existing SQL server or Install SQL Server Express• Select Database where NEP data will be stored and verify connection

– Set up routes for e-mail servers and domains

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Connections

• Create route for each domain NEP is to filter email– Add domain

• One domain can have several routes, for example in cluster configuration

• Create route(s) in the order which the servers should be contacted

1 NEP can handleemail security formultiple domains

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Hands-on lab

• Instructor led lab– Install Norman Email Protection– Setup routes to email domains and servers

• Connection Wizard• Manually from NEP Console

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Norman Email Protection

Administration console

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Navigating in NEP

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Toolbar

Viewssection

Configuration window

Results window

Configuration window

Properties / Preferences

Connection

• Add domains and routes to e-mail servers

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System

• Settings for– Services– License keys– Quarantine

Reports– Aliases– System

databases– and more...

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Settings valid for entire server – Some settings can be overridden on domain and/or user level

Security

• Connectionlevel security– Connection

limits– Protocol filter– Real-time

Blacklist– Trusted

address list– etc...

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Settings under security is set on Server level, applied to all e-mail

Virus

• AntiVirussettings– Enable/disable

AV scanning– Auto update

frequency– Alert sender– Alert recipient– etc...

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Settings valid for all users – can be overridden on domain and/or user level

Phishing

• AntiPhishingsettings– Enable/Disable

phishing filter– Set scan level– Delete or block

messages– Allow/deny

release fromquarantine

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Settings valid for all users – can be overridden on domain and/or user level

Spam

• Spam settings– Enable/disable

spam scanning– Set scan level– System trusted

and blockedsenders

– Enable SURBL– Update

frequency– etc...

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Settings valid for all users – can be overridden on domain and/or user level

F.A. – Forbidden Attachments

• FA Settings– Enable/disable

FA scanning– Set scan level– Define F.A.– Quarantine or

delete F.A. Mail– etc...

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Settings valid for all users – can be overridden on domain and/or user level

Rules

• Rules settings– Custom filters

• Sieve scripts

– Language filters– Performance

• Cachesettings

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Domains

• Specify settings for each domain– Trusted/blocked

senders– Quarantine report

settings– Virus, phishing &

spam settings– Aliases– Message audit– Language filters– ...

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Users

• Specify settings for individual users– Trusted/blocked

senders– Quarantine report

settings– Virus, phishing &

spam settings– Aliases– Message audit– Language filters– ...

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Quarantine

• Perform actions on messages in Quarantine– View messages– Release from

quarantine– Delete message– Report as false

posive

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Web

• Server level priveleges– User level

propertiesfor web interface

– Set WebAdminURL

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Logs

• Enable and configure logging and statistics options– Maximum log file– Enable audit log– Set flags for logs

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Find

• Search for items– Users– Domains– Aliases– Quarantined

messages

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Hands-on lab

1. Get familiar with interface2. Instructor led assignment – walkthrough of

console. Special considerations:– Services configuration– Scanning order– License key– Quarantine report

• Configure WebQuarantine URL• Configure Quarantine report settings

– Security Best Practices (training guide, page 25)– Configuration on domain / user-level

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Backup and restore of configuration

• Manual backup of configurationFile -> Backup configurationCreates *.reg file of all settingsin registry

• Restore of configurationFile -> Restore configurationPoint to restore file

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Backup and restore of Connections

• Go to Connections– Export: Exports all domains and routes to .txt file– Import: Imports .txt file. This overwrites existin routes

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Tip: Exported text file can be edited with text editor to make modifications to route settings and be imported again. This is sometimes easier than creating and modifying connections through GUI

Troubleshooting

• Users do not receive e-mail– Use telnet to localhost 25 from NEP to see if NEP responds as

exptected• Yes, but mail does not reach recipient

– > Telnet and send mail directly through e-mail server.» Mail did not arrive: Not a NEP problem» Mail did arrive

- problem could be with connection settings- try forcing delivery from NEP. Settings -> Mail Delivery -> Deliver now

• NEP does not respond– Check services

– If mail from telnet arrives OK. Send e-mail from external service, for example Gmail or hotmail.

• Mail does not arrive: Check MX settings for domain• Check routing settings for mail traffic

– Check logs

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More information in training guide page 29

Norman Email Protection

Web components

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Web components

• WebMonitor– System health, statistics and reports

• WebAdmin– Configure domain and user settings

• WebQuarantine– View quarantine and set quarantine settings online

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WebMonitor

• http://<nep_server>/WebMonitor– System health information– System, domain and user reports– Local administrator account required for access

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WebAdmin

• http//<nep_server> /WebAdmin– Perform administration on domain and user accounts– User account with WebAdmin rights necessary

• Credentials set in NEP console. (Users -> WebAdmin)

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Note: All settings can also be made from console. WebAdmin is useful when adminfor a domain shouldn’t have access to the NEP console (for example hosted solution)

WebQuarantine

• http://<nep_server>/Quarantine– Access to e-mails in quarantine and quarantine settings– Accessible for all accounts who have an e-mail address

filtered by Norman Email Protection– Access can be disabled and features locked down by

admin

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Policy Management

Optional component

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Policy Management

• Designed to protect against data leakage of personal, financial or proprietary information through email.– Control what content can and cannot leave or enter your

local system. For example:• Social security numbers• Credit card numbers• Medical codes and terms• …

– Control how that content will be treated• Return to sender• Redirect to moderator• Deliver and copy to moderator• Encrypt

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WebPolicy

• Policy Management is handled through WebPolicy– http://<nep_server>/WebPolicy– Access to NEP Policy Management– Requires Policy Management license– Access can be given to anyone with a local domain user

account

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Questions?

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