north america - i (chapter 3: 149-171). defining characteristics anglo-american label english...
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North America - I(CHAPTER 3: 149-171)
DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
ANGLO-AMERICAN LABEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHRISTIAN FAITHS EUROPEAN NORMS
GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS HIGHLY URBANIZED MOBILE POPULATIONS HIGH INCOMES MANUFACTURING OUTPUT FEDERAL STATES WITH PLURAL SOCIETIES
PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS
CULTURAL DIFFUSION - CIRCA 1820
New England
Mid-AtlanticPennsylvania
Tidewater Maryland/Virginia
Frontier Zones by 1810
Hearth Areas (Pre-1725)
Secondary Areas (1740-1775)
Tertiary Areas (1780-1820)
SHIFT IN THE US MEAN CENTER OF POPULATION:EVIDENCE OF MIGRATION DECISIONS
1990
1920
1980 1820
1860
1790
1754
1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980
THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980
BritishIsles
GermanyScandinavia
South/EastEurope
Latin AmericaAsia
Imm
igra
tio
n i
n 1
000s
Push Factors Pull Factors+1840s: Irish Potato Famine +Economic Opportunity+1850-1920: Overpopulation, War +Political/Religious Freedom+Recent: Overpopulation, War, Oppression +Land Availability
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
ETHNIC PATTERNS
URBAN GEOGRAPHY
CONCERNED WITH THE SPATIAL ASPECTS OF CITIES AND URBAN NETWORKS
4 MAJOR THEMES HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CITIES INTERURBAN GEOGRAPHY INTRAURBAN GEOGRAPHY
• URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING
3 KEY MODELS BORCHERT; ADAMS; VANCE
BORCHERT’S MODEL(METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION)
GENERALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL GROWTH OF THE US URBAN SYSTEM
BASED ON KEY CHANGES IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
OCCURRED IN 5 STAGES Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830) Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870) Steel-Rail Epoch (1870-1920) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970) Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch
(1970-?)
ADAM’S MODEL
FOCUSED ON INTRAURBAN GROWTH BASED ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY A PATTERN OF OUTWARD-AREAL
EXPANSION OCCURRED IN 4 STAGES
<1888- WALKING-HORSECAR ERA 1888-1920- ELECTRIC STREETCAR ERA 1920-1945- RECREATIONAL AUTO ERA 1945-PRESENT- FREEWAY ERA
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Expressways
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Expressways
2
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Expressways
1880
2
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Expressways
1880
32
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Expressways
3
1880
1920
32
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
Expressways
3
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
1880
1920
1
Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads
Arterial Highways
ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)
Expressways
2 34
1880
1920
1940 1990s
URBAN SPATIAL CHANGESMICROSCALE (Intraurban)
James Vance defines a new tributary area; URBAN REALMS
Single urban structure of the past is transformed into a multicentered model in which several outlying activity concentrations rival the Central Business District (CBD)
IDEAL FORM OF MULTICENTERED URBAN REALMS MODEL
SPATIAL ECONOMY(COMPONENTS)
ACTIVITIES OR SECTORS Primary (Raw Materials) Secondary (Manufacturing) Tertiary (Services) Quaternary (Information) Quinary (Management)
Agriculture in the US
A Macro Von Thünen Model
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION FACTORS
Location of raw materials Labor availability Energy availability Location of market Transportation
•Relative importance of factors change•INDIVIDUAL SECTORS•NATURE OF THE ECONOMY
Remember…Alfred Weber?
NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING BELT
North America - I(CHAPTER 3: 149-171)