North America in 1750North America in 1750

Causes of the French and Indian War?Causes of the French and Indian War?

North America in 1750North America in 1750

Causes of the French and Indian War?Causes of the French and Indian War?

Causes of the War?

• British and French rivalry over the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley

• French begin to cut off British westward movement- French begin to build a chain of forts along the Ohio River Valley /Miss. R. (Fort Duquesne)

• G. Washington sent in to expel French- leads to Battle of Great Meadows(1754)- retreats and builds Fort Necessity

BritishBritish FrenchFrench Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Shawnee Delaware & Shawnee

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 - The First 1754 - The First ClashClash

1754 - The First 1754 - The First ClashClash

Ben Franklin - representatives fromBen Franklin - representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

Failed attempt to gain Iroquois Failed attempt to gain Iroquois Confederation for defensive Confederation for defensive purposes.purposes.

1754 -Albany 1754 -Albany CongressCongress

1754 -Albany 1754 -Albany CongressCongressAlbany Plan of Union

•Gen. Edward Braddock evict the Gen. Edward Braddock evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia). (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia).

•Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,& Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,& AcadiaAcadia• Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces. by 1500 French and Indian forces.

Only Br. Success expelled French from Only Br. Success expelled French from Acadia.Acadia.

1755 - Br. Decides to 1755 - Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Eliminate Fr.

Presence in North Presence in North AmericaAmerica

1755 - Br. Decides to 1755 - Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Eliminate Fr.

Presence in North Presence in North AmericaAmerica

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 - War Is 1756 - War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 - War Is 1756 - War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

French win early victories. Better disciplined army, stronger leaders, greater military forts, stronger IndianAllies.

1757 - William Pitt 1757 - William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 - William Pitt 1757 - William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinisterPitt sends more British troops to

colonies.

More cooperation between British/Colonials in fighting war

British quickly cut off supply lines of French into Canada

Iroquois convince Indian allies to

end assistance to France

** By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

The Tide Turns for England (1758-1761)The Tide Turns for England (1758-1761)The Tide Turns for England (1758-1761)The Tide Turns for England (1758-1761)

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 - Treaty of 1763 - Treaty of ParisParis

1763 - Treaty of 1763 - Treaty of ParisParis

North America in 1763North America in 1763North America in 1763North America in 1763

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a military It created a military experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

1.1. It increased her colonial empire in It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American Empire was necessary!American Empire was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

Colonial-British Tensions During Colonial-British Tensions During the Warthe War

Colonial-British Tensions During Colonial-British Tensions During the Warthe War

ColonialsColonials

Neolin-”Delaware Neolin-”Delaware Prophet”Prophet”

17631763 - - Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

Colonial Response Colonial Response - Paxton Boys - Paxton Boys (PA)- white settler uprising along (PA)- white settler uprising along frontierfrontier

British British -- ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!