North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

CompetitionCompetition

• Population Differences:– French 80,000– English Over 1,000,000

• Beaver Trade

• French have trap and trade agreement with Indians

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

• French built Ft. Duquesne

• Virginia government granted 200,000 acres in the area to wealthy planters

• VA militia sent to encourage the French to leave.

The Rise of Washington• 22 / 6’2” 200, big hands & feet (Avg. height

around 5’6”)• Wealthy family• Adventurous• Leads militia, establishes Ft. Necessity• Attacks small French grp. • French retaliate & crush Virginians

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfrom New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress Failed. Iroquois Failed. Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.to trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.

1755 1755 Britain Decides Britain Decides to Eliminate French to Eliminate French

Presence in No. Amer.Presence in No. Amer.

1755 1755 Britain Decides Britain Decides to Eliminate French to Eliminate French

Presence in No. Amer.Presence in No. Amer.

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted to take Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.charge of colonials.

• Indulgent.Indulgent.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should pay for Colonists should pay for their own defense.their own defense.

• Indian-style tactics.Indian-style tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. Deference, few No mil. Deference, few serious drills.serious drills.

• Resistance to rising taxes.Resistance to rising taxes.

• Casual, laid back.Casual, laid back.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

A Understood colonial concerns.Understood colonial concerns.

A Realized that economics could Realized that economics could win the war.win the war.

A Borrows $ for the largest best-Borrows $ for the largest best-equipped army in the world (50,000 equipped army in the world (50,000 Soldiers)Soldiers)

A Victories gain support of the Victories gain support of the powerful Iroquois tribepowerful Iroquois tribe

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

11.. It increased her colonial empire in the It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.Americas.2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt It greatly enlarged England’s debt

(150 million British pounds – 1763)(150 million British pounds – 1763)

(15,000,000,000 British pounds – (15,000,000,000 British pounds – 2009)2009)

(23,700,000,000 U.S> Dollars – 2009)(23,700,000,000 U.S> Dollars – 2009)3.3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelingscreated bitter feelings

(British citizens paid 26 (British citizens paid 26 Shillings/year in taxes; average Shillings/year in taxes; average colonist paid about 1 Shilling/year)colonist paid about 1 Shilling/year)

ThereforTherefore, England felt that ae, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against a It united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time.time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated.colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify.would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

Proclamation Line of Proclamation Line of 17631763

• Declares that American Declares that American colonists cannot move colonists cannot move west of the Appalachians.west of the Appalachians.

• British do not want to British do not want to waste resources fighting waste resources fighting the Indiansthe Indians

• Colonists are mad at Colonists are mad at being told what to do, being told what to do, but move anyway but move anyway because the British can’t because the British can’t enforce it.enforce it.