north and south, chapter 13

7/27/2019 North and South, Chapter 13

1/18

North and South1820-1860

Chapter 13, Section 1


2/18

Miss Sees, why do we need to knowthis? Many of the differences between the North and

the South have disappeared since the 1800s.

Differences still exist, but no longer are theresharp economic and cultural distinctionsbetween the two regions. (SOMEbut youknow what I mean.) The South now has

many industries, while many cities in the Northnow have fewer factories than they did in the1800s. Mass communication and the migrationof people from one region to another have also

erased regional differences.


3/18

The Norths Economy

In the Northern States, technology changed theway Americans worked, traveled, andcommunicated. By the mid 180s, power-drivenmachinery performed many tasks that were oncedone by hand, and factories had largely replaced

cottage industries.


4/18

Technology and Industry

The industrialization of the North developed inthree phases. IN the first, manufacturers madeproducts by dividing the tasks involved amongthe workers.

One worker would weave cloth00instead ofhaving one person spinning and then weaving.During the second phase, manufacturers builtfactories to bring specialized workers together.


5/18

This allowed products to be made more quicklythan before.

In the third phase, factory workers usedmachinery to perform some of their work.

Many of the new machines ran on waterpower orsteam power.


6/18

Improved Transportation In addition to mass production, improvements in

transportation contributed to the success of many of

Americas new industries.

Between 1800 and 1850, construction crews builtthousands of miles of roads and canals.

The canals opened new shipping routes byconnecting many lakes and rivers.

The growth of railroads in the 1840s and 1850sproduced another means to speed the flow of goods.


7/18

Steamboats and Steamships

Steamboats carried goods and passengers morecheaply and quickly along inland waterwaysthan flatboats or sail-powered vessels could do.


8/18

Locomotives (my personal fave..) The development of railroads in the United States began with short

stretches of tracks that connected mines with nearby rivers.

Early trains were drawn by horses rather than by locomotives.

The first steam-powered locomotive, The Rocket, began operating inBritain in 1829.

Peter Cooper designed and built the first American steam

locomotive in 1830.

His earliest design failed, but engineers soon improved the enginewithin 10 years. Steam was powering trains to move all over theUnited States.


9/18

A Railway Network

In 1840, the United States had 3,000 miles ofrailroad track. By 1860, it had almost 31,000miles, mostly in the North and the Midwest.

One railway linked New York City and Buffalo.

Another connected Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.Still another linked Baltimore with Wheeling,Virginia (now West Virginia).


10/18

Moving Goods and People

Lets add our own notes here!


11/18

Faster Communication

Lets add our own notes here!


12/18

The Norths People (Section 2)

As we learned in a previous chapter, workingconditions in Northern factories were poor.What do we remember about them?


13/18

African American Workers

Slavery had largely disappeared from the North by1820. However, racial prejudicean unfair opinion

not based on factsand discriminationunfairtreatment of a groupremained in Northern states.

For example, in 1821, New York eliminated the

requirement that white men had to own property inorder to voteyet few African Americans wereallowed to vote. Both RI and PA passed lawsprohibiting free African Americans from voting.


14/18

Southern Cotton Kingdom (Section 3)

What do you know about cotton and the South?Who invented the cotton gin? Yes. We all know

the answer to that one.

Quick! Who invented the television?

Yup. Thats what I thought.


15/18

The Souths People

Popular novels and films often portray the Southbefore 1860 as a land of stately plantations

owned by rich white slaveholders.

In reality, most white Southerners were either

small farmers without slaves or planters with ahandful of slaves.

For example


16/18


17/18


18/18

Gone With the Wind

Popular novel and classic movie from the 1930s.

How can we use popular culture to help analyzethe beliefs, attitudes, and ideologies of a certainperiod of time?

Gone With the Windhelps us examine not

only the viewpoint of certain Southerners priorto (and during) the Civil War, but also gives us aglimpse into 1930s culturethe time of which weare discussing in To Kill a Mockingbird.

north and south, chapter 13

Documents