northern ireland and the troubles: a s hort history

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Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A Short History

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Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A S hort History. Background: the Division of I reland. Green and Orange States Catholics in N. Ireland “Whatever you say, say nothing.”. Civil Conflict, 1969. A civil rights movement The emergence of vigilantes “Operation Banner” (1969-2007) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History

Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A Short History

Page 2: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History

Background: the Division of Ireland

• Green and Orange States• Catholics in N. Ireland• “Whatever you say, say nothing.”

Page 3: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History

Civil Conflict, 1969

• A civil rights movement• The emergence of vigilantes• “Operation Banner” (1969-2007)• The IRA split of Dec. 1969– Official IRA– Provisional IRA

Page 4: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History

The Political Parties

• Ulster Unionist Party (UUP): “broad appeal” unionism

• Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP): moderate nationalist

• Democratic Unionist Party (DUP): hardcore unionist

• Sinn Fein: political wing of IRA

Ian Paisley in 1969

Page 5: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History

The paramilitaries

• Republican– Provisional IRA (1997 split—”Real IRA”)– “Bloody Sunday”: January 1972– Political evolution

• Unionist (“Loyalist”)– Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)– GB Direct Rule: March 1972– Ulster Defence Association (UDA/UFF)– Progressive Unionist Party (UVF-allied)– Ulster Democratic Party (UDA-allied)

UVF personnel

Page 6: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History

Why the peace process?

– Military realities– An emergent nationalist alliance– Political redress of Catholic

grievances– Increased role on non-gov’t actors– New political formations– Changing international context

• The referendum of May 22, 1998• Difficulties of implementation

Page 7: Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A  S hort History