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Norwich Arts Centre Environmental Policy 2017 - 2020 Including Environmental Policy 2013 (Updated May 2015 / January 2017)

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Page 1: Norwich Arts Centrenorwichartscentre.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/... · 2019-02-05 · Norwich Arts Centre provides a vibrant mix of cultural experiences. ... paints (such as

NorwichArtsCentreEnvironmentalPolicy2017-2020

IncludingEnvironmentalPolicy2013(UpdatedMay2015/January2017)

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ContentsContents 2

NorwichArtsCentre 3

EnvironmentalPolicy2017-2020 4

EnvironmentalPolicyDiagram 5

ActionPlan2017-2020 6

Appendix 11

EnvironmentalPolicy2013-2016 12

ActionPlan2013-2016 13

DarkroomChemicals:EnvironmentalToxicity 24

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NorwichArtsCentreNorwichArtsCentreisasmall,independentlyrunvenuewithcharitablestatus(CharityNo:274803)situatedclosetothecentreofNorwich.ItisalsoanArtsCouncilEnglandNationalPortfolioOrganisation.VisionStimulatingaudiences–nurturingcreativity.MissionNorwichArtsCentreprovidesavibrantmixofculturalexperiences.Wenurturecreativityandemergingtalentacrossarangeofartforms.Wepresentastimulating,imaginativeprogrammetoadiverseaudience.FirmlyestablishedintheheartofNorwich’sculturalcommunity(basedinaconvertedchurchbuiltin1349),NACplaysakeyroleinthedeliveryofaprogrammeoflivemusic,theatre,liveart,comedy,liveliterature,exhibitions,newmediaandphotographytwinnedwithacommitmenttocreatingopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofnewtalent.NorwichArtsCentreisapartnerintheannualNorwichSound&VisionconventionandmanagesEscalatorMusiconbehalfoftheArtsCouncil.

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EnvironmentalPolicy2017-2020

ToDeliverThisNorwichArtsCentreAimsTo:

• ContinuetoreduceNorwichArtsCentre'sresourceconsumptionandpollution.

• ContinuetoreduceNorwichArtsCentre'swastage;intermsofbothlandfillandrecycling.

• Activelypromoterecyclingbothinternallyandamongstitsvisitingartists,customersandsuppliers

• Integratetheconsiderationofenvironmentalconcernsandimpactsintoalldecisionmakingandactivities

• NorwichArtsCentreiscommittedtocontinuingtheworkstartedin2008withourEnvironmentalReviewReportbymonitoringandimprovingouractionplan.

• Programmemoreshowswithanenvironmentalconsensus.

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EnvironmentalPolicyDiagram

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ActionPlan2017-2020

Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

GeneralBuilding

Reduceconsumption

InstallSolarPanelstousesunlighttopowersomeofthebuildingselectricity,whichwill

reduceenergybills.

Reducedenergybills Est.£20,000 Bradley Endof2019

Reducepollution

Lookatthechemicalsandcleaningproductsusedtocleanandsourcealternatives,more

environmentallyfriendlyandlesstoxicproducts.

N/A Minimal/nocost Will ActionedMay2017

Reduceconsumption

PutPerspexonallsingleglazedwindowstostop

heatenergyescaping.

Reducedheatingbill Est.£150p.a Bradley ActionedSeptember2017

Reduceconsumption

Intheauditorium,installceilingde-

stratificationfantoreducethewastageofheatenergy

Reducedheatingbill Est.£500 Bradley Longtermaim

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Reduceconsumption

Optimiseourlargeroof,forrainwatercollection,foruseinourtoilets.

1.Quote2.Installationof

rainwaterharvesting3.Reducedwater

Subjecttoquoteandgrant. Bradley

QuoteandInstallationlong-

termaim.

Reduceconsumptionandreducepollution

ReplaceindustrialboilersinthecellarwithGasCondensingBoiler,thesecanreducecarbondioxideemissionsby12%(0.7tonnes)annualaverageemissions,andcanreduceourheating

billsbyathird.

1.Quote.2.Installationof

boilers3.Gasbillevidence

Subjecttoquoteandgrant.Estimateof£20,000

Bradley

Actioned

October2018

Reduceconsumption

Installmorethermostatsintothebuilding;keepheatingonforlongerandatlowertemperature.

ReducedheatingbillCost£300eachSavemoneyTBC,

perannumBradley Actioned

October2018

ReduceCO2

Prioritisetheuseofelectriccars,whencalling

taxisforstaffandartisttransportation.

ReducedCO2usage Minimal Bradley ActionedJune2016

MarketingandMedia

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Increaseawareness

Introducegreennewsandinformationtostaffandpublic,throughourwebsiteandinternal

emails.

1.Collatenews2.Publish Nocost Kelly&

GraceActioned

December2017

DigitalandIT

Reduceconsumption

Encourageallnon-marketingstaff,toprintdoublesidedpaperasdefault. Paperbilldecrease Nocost Bradley Actioned

September2017

Reduceusage Allcomputerstohavedefaultpowersavingsetting.

Reducedenergyusageandpaper

usageMinimal Bradley Actioned

December2017

CaféBar

Increaseawareness

Introduceagreenriderpolicy,allthingstobeenvironmentallyfriendly,locallysourcedorlow

carbonfootprint.

1.Writtenintonewartistcontracts

2.ImplementationCostminimal Will Actioned

October2017

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Reduceconsumption

Providestaffwithreusablewaterbottlesforthemtofillupwithtapwatertoreducethe

numberofbottlesbeingused.Alsoaskstafftousemugsratherthanpapercups,whenhaving

hotdrinks.

Lesswaterbottlesandpapercups

beingpurchasedandthrownaway.

Est.£5perwaterbottle

Est.£5permug

Bradley Endof2019

Reducewasteand

consumption

Installawatercoolerintothedressingroomtoreusethenumberofwaterbottlesusedand

thrownaway.

Reducedwaterbottleusageandmoneysaving

Savingsof£700+perannum Lucy Actioned

February2017

Reducepollution

ChangealcoholsupplierstolocalfirmAdnams,meaningagreaterpercentageofkegproductsareproducedwithina40-mileradius,reducingcarbonfootprint.Alebarrelsare95%sourced

fromwithinthesameradius.

Reducedcarbonfootprint N/A Will Actionedin2016

FrontofHouseandBoxOffice

Increaseawareness

Allstafftoadd,“Pleaseconsiderthe

environmentbeforeprintingthisemail”totheiremailsignaturetoremindtherecipientnotto

wastepaper.

N/A Nocost Lucy ActionedNovember2017

Reduceconsumption

Updateheatingsystemtoreducetheuseofelectricalblowheaters.

1.Quotes2.Installation/repair

asappropriateSubjecttoquote Bradley Endof2019

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

TechnicalProduction

Reduce

consumption

PurchaseallnewLXstockthatwillbeLED. Reducedenergybill Est£5,000 Alex Endof2020

Reduce

consumption

ReplaceallsodiumworkerlightswithLEDlights. Reducedenergybill SavingP/A Alex ActionedMay2017

Exhibitions/Programming

Reducepollution

AimtoreplaceourstandardwhiteemulsionwithenvironmentallyfriendlyorreducedVOC

paints(suchasDuluxTradeEcosure).

1.Purchaseaftercurrentstockhas

beenused

Cost£32/5L(Currentcost£15

/5L)Kelly Actioned

November2017

RaiseAwareness

Programme/commissionshowsthatareofan

environmentalawarenessnature.October2016–LawrenceBradby:Peddled

PoweredCarChaseJune2017–TheHandlebards:AsYouLikeIt

Atleast1showperyearthathasanenvironmental

subject

Pasco/Bradley/

Ian

ActionedOctober2016

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Appendix• PreviousReports

o EnvironmentalReport2013–2016§ EnvironmentalPolicy§ EnvironmentalActionPlan

• DarkroomChemicals:EnvironmentalToxicity

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EnvironmentalPolicy2013-2016

MainObjectiveTheNorwichArtsCentreaimstobecomealeaderofsustainabilityinthemulti-artssectorandtoachieveareductionofapproximately10%incarbonfootprintoverthenextthreeyears(2013–2016),from7.5tonnesCo2to6.75tonnesCo2p/a.

ToDeliverThisNorwichArtsCentreAimsTo:

• ReduceNorwichArtsCentre'sresourceconsumptionandpollution.

• ReduceNorwichArtsCentre'swastage;intermsofbothlandfillandrecycling.

• Increaseawarenessofgreenissuesandsustainabilityamongststaffwithregardstoday-to-dayproceduresthroughappropriatesignage.

• Actasanambassadoramongstthelocalartscommunitytoincreaseawarenessofgreenpoliciesthroughappropriatesignageandonlinepresence.

• NorwichArtsCentrealreadyactivelyencouragesstafftotraveltoworkviapublictransport,walking,orcycling(seeTravelPlanappendix).Thiswillcontinueandwillbranchintothewidercommunity.

• NorwichArtsCentreiscommittedtocontinuingtheworkstartedin2008withourEnvironmentalReviewReport(seeappendix)bymonitoringandimprovingouractionplan

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ActionPlan2013-2016

Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

GeneralBuilding

Reduceconsumption

Optimiseourlargeroof,forrainwatercollection,foruseinourtoilets.

1.Quote.2.Installationof

rainwaterharvesting3.Waterbillevidence

Subjecttoquoteandgrant. Bradley

Quote:end2015Installationlong-

termaim.

Reduceconsumption

ConcussiveTapsfittedthroughoutentirebuilding,toreducetheamountofwaterthatwe

use.

1.Installation2.Waterbillevidence

Cost£1000.00 Bradley Halfbyend2013,remaining2015/6

Reduceconsumptionandreducepollution

ReplaceindustrialboilersinthecellarwithGasCondensingBoiler,thesecanreducecarbondioxideemissionsby12%(0.7tonnes)annualaverageemissions,andcanreduceourheating

billsbyathird.

1.Quote.2.Installationof

boilers3.Gasbillevidence

Subjecttoquoteandgrant.Estimateof£20,000

Bradley

Long-termaim.

Reduceconsumption

ReplacepathwaylightswithL.E.Dbulbs,inadditiontofloodlightsandallotherinternal

fittings.

1.Installation2.Electricitybill

evidence

Cost£600-£1200 Bradley End2014

Reducewastage

Insulateloftwithlagging,windowssealedtoreducetheamountofheatlost,andthussave

1.Installation2.Gas/electricitybill

Cost£300.00OrpossibleGrant Bradley September2015

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

money. evidence

Reduceconsumption

Installmorethermostatsintothebuilding;keepheatingonforlongerandatlowertemperature. Actioned Cost£200.00 Bradley

OneActionedApril2013,theother2015/6

Reduceconsumption

Motionsensorsinstalledinoffices,stairwaysandcorridorstoreducetheamountof

electricitybeingused.

1.Installation2.Electricitybill

evidenceCost£200.00 Bradley

Halfdoneby2014therestdonein2016.

Reduceconsumptionandreducewastage

Heatersandair-conditionedunitstobeservicedmorefrequentlytooptimiseperformanceand

reducingenergycosts.Actioned Cost£500.00 Bradley ActionedApril

2013

Reducewastage

Recyclingbinsinstalledinthebar/kitchen,allotherbinstoberemovedsothatlesswasteis

senttolandfill.

1.Installation2.Wastebillevidence

Saving£2000.00P.A

Bradley/Will

ActionedSeptember2013

Increaseawareness,

reducewastage

Allstaffwillbeencouragedtousethefoodwastebinsthatwillbeaddedtothenew

compostingfacilities.

1.Wastebillevidence Nocost Allstaff Actioned

September2013

Increaseawareness

Introducegreennewsandinformationtostaffandpublic,throughourwebsiteandinternal

emails.

1.Collatenews2.Publish Nocost Kelly&

Grace Actioned2013

ReduceCO2 PrioritisetheuseofelectriccarswhencallingTaxiforstaffandartisttransportation. Minimal Bradley Actioned2014

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

MarketingandMedia

Reduceconsumptionandreducewastage

Reductioninpaperusageforpostersandflyerswherepossible.Thereversesideofanysuch

materialsshouldbeusedfornotesandmessagesbeforebeingrecycled.

1.Paperbillevidence Saving Kelly&

GraceIntroducedMarch

2013

Reducewastage

Staffwillbeextravigilantinproofingdesignsbeforeprintinglargequantities.

1.Paperbill/printerbillevidence Saving Kelly&

GraceIntroducedMarch

2013

Reducewastage

Reductionintheamountofpaperbasedpromomaterialsrequestedfromagents(postersand

flyers)thatusuallyendupgoingstraightintotherecyclingbin.

1.Recyclingbillevidence Saving

Ian/Jenny/Kelly

IntroducedMarch2013

Reduceconsumption

ThequantitiesofbrochuresthatareprintedviaMicropresswillbeassessedviacustomersurvey.

1.Research2.Implementchangesasappropriate

CostTBC Kelly&Grace

TheAudienceAgencywillbeginAudienceFocusresearchwithusinJuly2013

Reduceconsumption

Theuseofonlineresources(NACwebsite,YouTube,Vimeoetc.)andsocialmediasites(Facebook,Twitteretc.)willbeprioritisedforNACeventpromotionoverprintedmaterials.

1.Printbillevidence Saving Kelly&Grace

IntroducedMarch2013

Reduceconsumption

Staffwillencouragecustomerstooptfordigitalmarketingviae-newslettersanddownloadablePDFbrochuresinsteadofprintedversions.

1.Monitorsubscribernumbers2.Printbillevidence

Saving Kelly&Grace

IntroducedMarch

2013

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Reduceconsumption

Departmentcodeswillbeaddedtothephotocopiertomonitorusageandhelppeopletoadheretotargetsoflowpaperwastage.

1.Paperbillevidence Saving Kelly&

GraceActionedMay

2013

Reduceconsumptionandreducewastage

Allcomputersandelectronicequipmentsuchasprintersandscannerswillbeturnedoff

completelywhennotinuse.

1.Electricitybillevidence Saving Allstaff IntroducedMarch

2013

Reduceconsumptionandreducewastage

Allheatersandairconditioningunitswillbeturnedoffwhennotinuse.

1.Electricitybillevidence Saving Allstaff IntroducedMarch

2013

Reduceconsumption

ConsumablespurchasedviaIanSmithStationerswillbemonitoredandgreeneralternatives

(eg.nostaplestaplers)willbechosen.

1.Monitorpurchases(ongoing) CostMinimal Bradley IntroducedMarch

2013

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

DigitalandIT

Reduceconsumption,

reducewastage,increaseawareness

Increasestaffawarenessconcerningpoweringdowncomputers,printersandotherdigital

equipment.

1.Installsignage2.Electricitybill

evidenceSaving Bradley

/James September2013

Reduceconsumptionandreducewastage

Reviewpowersavingpoliciesonallofficecomputers.

1.Conductreview2.Implement

changesSaving James Actioned

September2013

Reduceconsumption,

reducewastage,increaseawareness

Stafftrainingintheuseofelectronicdocumentsforplanningandcommunication.

1.Trainingsessions2.Monitorbehavior

(ongoing)Saving James

/Bradley Summer2015

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Bar

Reducewastage.

Reduceamountoflandfillwastethatwegeneratebyreplacingtakeoutcoffeecups,napkins,Straws,blueroll,J-cloths,cutlery&sandwichbagswithVegwareproducts.ALLthesecanthenbetreatedasfoodwaste.

1.Quotes2.Replacewhere

possible3.Wastebillevidence

Subjecttoquote. Will ActionedSeptember2014

Increaseawareness,reduce

pollution.

Aimtoincreasethenumberoflocallysourcedproducts.

1.Identifyalternatives

2.Replacewherepossible(ongoing)

Saving Will ActionedSeptember2013

Reducewastage.

Applyforalicensetouseglassintheauditoriumduringappropriateeventstodecreaseusageof

plasticevents.Actioned Saving Bradley ActionedApril

2013

Reducewastage. Bararea:addafoodwastebin.

1.Installation2.Wastebillevidence

Cost Will ActionedSeptember2013

Reducewastage.

Kitchenarea:addafoodwastebin&cookingoilwastepoint.

1.Installation2.Wastebillevidence

N/A Will ActionedSeptember2013

Reducewastageincrease

awareness.

NACentrance-recyclepointatFOH.(Thesewouldalsomakeagreat'green'impressionas

soonaspeopleenterthebuilding).

1.Sourcebins.2.Installation3.Wastebillevidence

ProvidedFOCbyVeoliaWaste Bradley Actioned

September2013

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Reducewastage

Removebinsfromhall-nooneusesthemduringagigandtherecyclablewasteisthen

landfilled.

1.Installation2.Wastebillevidence

N/A Will September2013

Reduceconsumption,andraiseawareness.

Introducereinforcedplasticdrinkingvessel. 1.Introduceplasticsanddesignsigns

Saving

£2000P.A

Will/Bradley September2013

Increaseawareness

Introduceagreenriderpolicy,allthingstobeenvironmentallyfriendly,locallysourcedorlow

carbonfootprint.

1.Writtenintonewartistcontracts

2.ImplementationCostminimal Will/Ian Endof2015

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

FrontofHouseandBoxOffice

Reduceconsumption,

reducewastage,and

raiseawareness.

Reducethenumberofticketsprintedbyusingonlinee-ticketing.

1.Monitorcustomertake-up(ongoing) Cost Kelly&

GraceIntroducedinMarch2013

Reducewastage,and

raiseawareness.

Reducethenumberofe-ticketprintoutsbyrequestingthatcustomersnotedownreference

numbers.

1.Monitorcustomertake-up(ongoing) Nocost Kelly&

GraceIntroducedinMay2013

Reduceconsumption,andraiseawareness.

Reducepapermailoutsforworkshopsandcoursesbysendinge-mailconfirmation.

1.Paperbillevidence Saving Kelly&

GraceIntroducedinMay2013

Reduceconsumption,andreducewastage

Allcomputersandelectronicequipmentsuchasticketprinters,heatingandlightingwillbeturnedoffcompletelywhennotinuse.

1.Electricitybillevidence Saving Allstaff Introducedin

March2013

Reduceconsumption

Updateheatingsystemtoreducetheuseofelectricalblowheaters.

1.Quotes2.Installation/repair

asappropriateSubjecttoquote Bradley

QuotesbySeptember2014InstallationbyDecember2014

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

TechnicalProduction

Reduceconsumption,andreducewastage

Reducepaperusagebydigitisingtechnicalspecificationsheetsratherthanprinting.

1.Deviseelectronicbookingssheet2.Implement3.Paperbillevidence

Saving Ian/Rosie

September2013(sheetdevisedby

July2013)

Reduceconsumption,andreducewastage

Activelyavoidtheuseofnon-rechargeablebatteriesintechnicalequipmentunless

absolutelynecessary.

1.Identifysuitableequipment2.Purchase

rechargeablebattery

Saving Rosie March2015

Reducewastage/reduce

pollution

Wewillacquireabatteryrecyclebinforbothstaffandpublicuse. 1.Monitoruse Nocost Bradley

IntroducedMarch

2013

Reduceconsumption.

Lightswillnotbeturnedonintheauditoriumbefore4pmunlessthereisaneventonthat

requiresshowlighting.

1.Electricitybillevidence Saving Bradley IntroducedMarch

2013

Reduceconsumption

Saveonenergyandelectricitybyopeningupthechurchwindowsinordertoletnaturallightinthereforemakingredundanttheneedforlightsbeingturnedoninthehallforeventsthatdon’t

requireshowlighting.

1.Quotesanddesign

2.Installation

£2000.00perwindow. Bradley

Quotesbyend2013

Longtermaim

Reduceconsumption PurchaseallnewLXstockthatwillbeLED. 1.Quotesand

design Est£10,000 Rosie Longtermaim

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Exhibitions

Reduceconsumption,

reducewastage,and

reducepollution.

Ensurethatanytimberwepurchasecomesonlyfrommanagedwoodlandorothersustainable

sources,andre-usetimberwhereatallpossible.

1.Monitornewpurchases Costneutral Holly Introduced

January2013

Reduceconsumption,wastage,andpollution.

Minimisewastecreatedbytheexhibitionsprogrammebyre-usingmaterialswhere

possible,andrecyclingwastematerials.Oldunusablepaintswillberesponsiblydisposedof

atthelocalrecyclingcentre.

1.Monitornewpurchases Est£30p/a. Holly Introduced

January2013

Reduceconsumption,andreducewastage

Packagingsuchasbubblewrapwillbere-used. Actioned

Saveoncostsofpurchasingnew

packaging.Estimate£20per

year.

Holly IntroducedJanuary2013

Reduceconsumption

Monitorenergyconsumption,andendeavortoreducethiswherepossible.Lightingofthe

exhibitionspacecurrentlyusesamixtureoflowenergyandstandardlightbulbs.

1.Quotesformoreefficientsystems2.Replaceother

bulbswherepossible

Subjecttoquotes.

Bradley/Holly End2013

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Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Reducepollution

AimtoreplaceourstandardwhiteemulsionwithenvironmentallyfriendlyorreducedVOC

paints(suchasDuluxTradeEcosure).

1.Purchaseaftercurrentstockhas

beenused

Cost£32/5L(currentcost£15

/5L)Holly October2013

Reduceconsumption

Replaceallexhibitionposterswith100%recycledpaper. Actioned Costneutral Holly IntroducedJune

2013

Objective Action Measurement Financial Staff Timeframe

Darkroom

Reducepollution

Ensurethatundiluteddarkroomchemicalsaredisposedofresponsibly,bytakingthemtothelocalrecyclingcentre(MileCross).Seeappendix“DarkroomChemicalsEnvironmentalToxicity”

forinformationondilutedchemicals.

1.Ongoingsafedisposal Nocost Holly Introduced2010

Reduceconsumption

Alldarkroomusersareinstructedtoturnoffelectricalequipmentwhennotinuse.

1.Deliveredininductionsandon

signageNocost Holly Introduced2010

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DarkroomChemicals:EnvironmentalToxicitySilverSilverhalidesaltsarecontained inallconventionalphotographicmaterialsas theactivecomponentsof thephotosensitivesystem,andtheimageinB&Wimagesisalsocomposedofsilver.Silverispresentinsmallamountsinuseddeveloperandinmoderatequantities(3-8g/litre)inusedfixer.Thereforesomesilvergetsintothewastefromthewashafterfixing.Silverfromaphotographicprocessleavesthesystemasapracticallynon-toxiccomplexwiththiosulphate.Thebindingofsilvertothiosulphateisextremelystrongandpreventsthereleaseoffreesilverions(thetoxicformofsilver);silverthiosulphateisrapidlytransformedinwastewatertreatmentplantsintonon-toxicsilversulphide.Silversulphideisverystableandinsoluble,soitwillnotchangefurtherandprecipitatesassludge.

HydroquinoneHydroquinone is the main active ingredient in most black and white developer solutions. In high concentrations it is dangerous for theenvironment,andmostdevelopersarethereforedescribedas“Verytoxictoaquaticorganisms”or(followingtheCLPRegulation)“Verytoxictoaquatic life.” It is important to recognise that theaboveclassificationapplies to the freshconcentrateddeveloperassupplied:once thedeveloper has beenmadeup andused, its hydroquinone levelwill be very low. Inmost cases hydroquinone levels are alreadybelow thedetectionlimitattheentrancetothewaterpurificationplant,andanyresidualhydroquinonewillbeeasilyhandledbytheplant.

AmmoniaRapidfixerscontainammoniumthiosulphate.Asthenameimplies,thisasourceofammoniumion.Ammoniumionentersnaturalwaterwaysbythetonfromfarminganddomesticwastewater,(theseaccountforover80%ofthenitrogenaddedtotheenvironment).Itisnottoxicandfunctionsasafertiliser,leadingtoalgaegrowthinlakesandrivers.Howeverthisisanunwantedeffectwhichmakesthecontrolofammoniaanenvironmentalconcern.Ammoniumionisbiodegradable,soifwashwaterfromyourprocessorisdeliveredtoamodernwatertreatmentplant,itwillbefullybrokendowntonitrateandthentonitrogen.Source:http://www.ilfordphoto.com/healthandsafety/page.asp?n=163#Environmental%20Toxicity(22/05/2013)