nota bahan binaan
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
1/22
Definition
Bitumen is a name applied to various
flammable mixtures of hydrocarbons
(hydrogen & carbon).
Solid, semi solid or viscous material, black ordark brown in color & sticky.
On the application of heat, it melts and gets
softened.
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=4lerumrp8cu97?method=4&dsname=Wikipedia+Images&dekey=Bitumen.jpg&gwp=8&sbid=lc02b -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
2/22
Strong adhesive (ability to adhere to solid
particles e.g. aggregates), durable, highly
waterproof, highly resistant to action ofsalts, alkali & acids.
Most common materials : Tarand asphalt.
Tar is a by product during the production ofcoke.
Tar is resistant to petroleum based solvent.
Properties
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
3/22
2000F
Coke OvenTar
Tar FeedTank
Heater
Pitch
DistillationTower
Steam
PRODUCTION OF COAL TAR
gas
200F
Coal
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
4/22
Most common and most widely used bituminous
material. Readily soluble in most petroleum
products. Sources:
(i) Natural asphalt
(ii) Distillation of crude oil
Asphalt
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
5/22
Production flow of petroleum products
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
6/22
Asphalt pavement
- Greatest use in road
construction. Asphalt inpavements acts as a binder
for the aggregates.
- Before it can be mixed with
the aggregate, the asphaltmust be made liquid by
heating and cutting with
solvent.
Uses of Bitumen
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=asphalt+pavement/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=7/SS=i/OID=1b86ab25a72a83c0/SIG=1i0egq9n3/EXP=1128042925/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3F_adv_prop%3Dimages%26imgsz%3Dall%26imgc%3D%26vf%3Dall%26va%3Dasphalt%2Bpavement%26fr%3Dslv1-mdp%26ei%3DUTF-8&h=384&w=257&imgcurl=federalemployees.com%2Fphotos%2Fhm%2Fhm0068.JPG&imgurl=federalemployees.com%2Fphotos%2Fhm%2Fhm0068.JPG&size=28.8kB&name=hm0068.JPG&rcurl=http%3A%2F%2Ffederalemployees.com%2Fpages%2Fhm%2Fhm0068.html&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Ffederalemployees.com%2Fpages%2Fhm%2Fhm0068.html&p=asphalt+pavement&type=jpeg&no=7&tt=7,248&ei=UTF-8 -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
7/22
Waterproof coating and
membranes (sealant)
- Used to provide a waterproofcoating for walls and to make
waterproof membranes in
buildings & coating for pipes.
- Roofing systems (asphalt
roof shingle)
Joint & crack filler
Uses of Bitumen
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.huntconstructionutah.com/images/roofing/shingles/asphalt_large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.huntconstructionutah.com/roofing_samples.php&h=335&w=449&sz=71&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=uyUdJnziRrefVM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dasphalt%2Broof%2Bshingles%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DNhttp://durashield.com/durashield-Asphalt-Shingles.html -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
8/22
Glass
A hard when solid but brittle material, weather
resistant and transparent (allow light to pass). Unaffected by alkalis, salts or by most acids.
(attacked by hydrofluoric acid)
Ordinary glass is made of sand (SiO2
- maincomponent), soda (Na2CO3) and lime - CaO)
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
9/22
Manufacturing Mixing of raw material: sand, soda & lime Melting in a furnace at 1600 o C
Drawing glass is drawn through a
series of roller
Cooling & cutting
Soda lime glass (most common)
Borosilicate glass (making laboratory equipment,
cooking utensils) Lead glass (for making high class glassware)
Type of glass
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
10/22
Market form of glass and uses
Sheet glass window panes,
partitions.
Plate glass (thicker & wider
than sheet glass high
grade mirror, wind screen.
Frosted glass semi
transparent; for window,
bathroom.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eshowerdoor.com/images/glass/Frosted%2520Clear.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.eshowerdoor.com/WL1_Glass_gallery.php&h=452&w=400&sz=112&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=3To46KCgAUFHMM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfrosted%2Bglass%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.germes-online.com/direct/dbimage/50174410/Obscure_Louvre_Glass.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.germes-online.com/catalog/13/713/278105/tempered_glass.html&h=360&w=360&sz=19&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=_JuFQ3uJavxprM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsheet%2Bglass%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235 -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
11/22
Fiber glass possess
high tensile strength.
Use as thermal &
sound insulation,
reinforcing material
Structural glass
roof, stairs. Safety glass
(laminated glass) a
plastic film is sandwiched
between pieces of glass.
http://www.architonic.com/imgMcnMfmGal/silatecsat/VG_D_Titel_sq.jpghttp://www.architonic.com/imgMcnMfmGal/silatecsat/VG_D_Titel_sq.jpghttp://www.architonic.com/imgMcnMfmGal/silatecsat/VG_D_Titel_sq.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50056630/Fiberglass_Meshes.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.global-b2b-network.com/b2b/17/24/700/page9/&h=360&w=360&sz=23&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=q81UKiKr0gAMTM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfiber%2Bglass%2Bplastic%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ebsproducts.co.uk/images/DSC01864.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.ebsproducts.co.uk/products.htm&h=500&w=666&sz=57&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=asNucv7SNN_NvM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=138&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstructural%2Bglass%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.arup.com/_assets/_img/image1935.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.arup.com/facadeengineering/project.cfm%3Fpageid%3D1788&h=225&w=200&sz=10&hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=fgDKGcD3EexmAM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstructural%2Bglass%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.certainteed.com/NR/rdonlyres/580F600B-44D3-4052-9852-AC461F7E4234/0/EZRwFGtissuefacing.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.certainteed.com/CertainTeed/Homeowner/Homeowner/Insulation/Prodindex/Residential/Residential%2BApplications%2BBatts%2BRolls.htm&h=300&w=300&sz=23&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=t68KMR_Az9JsjM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2Bfiber%2Bglass%2Binsulation%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gpimpex.com/images/Spray_Up_Fiberglass_Roving.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gpimpex.com/products.html&h=360&w=360&sz=48&hl=en&start=52&um=1&tbnid=SptVfHPH2oG3oM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfiberglass%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DN -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
12/22
Plastic
Refer to a group of synthetics (artificially produced
materials) formed by synthesis (combination of
separate elements) of chemicals coming from coaloil, natural gas, cellulose from wood etc.
Properties of Plastics
Transparent, light weight Good resistance to discoloration, chemicals and
corrosion
Low moisture absorption but are softened by
organic solvent
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
13/22
Thermoplastics
Become soft when heated and
hard when cooled.
Can be shaped by extrusion;
recyclable.
Types of plastic: acrylics,
polyethylene C2H4, polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), polystyrene,
polypropylene - C3H6)
Two general classifications of plastic
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.englishbraids.com/products/marine/images/3ST-POLYPROPYLENE-1_full.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.englishbraids.com/products/marine/an.html&h=614&w=400&sz=83&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=bnqJr1efZeDWqM:&tbnh=136&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2BPolypropylene%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Styrofoam.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.apidistribution.com/images/jacketing/pvc.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.apidistribution.com/products/jacketing/pvc_fittings.php&h=350&w=300&sz=21&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vefT1-U2s7Q7sM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpvc%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235 -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
14/22
Thermosetting plastics
Cannot be melted and re-molded
after it is cured (formed).
Durable and stronger than
thermoplastics.
Suited to high temperatureapplications.
Types of plastic: melamine, epoxy
(use as adhesive), bakelite.
Two general classifications of plastic
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50272809/Bakelite_Plastic_Normal_Lamp_Holders.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.global-b2b-network.com/b2b/87/431/345636/sell_bakelite_plastic_normal_lamp_holders_ms507c_w_ul_.html&h=360&w=360&sz=29&hl=en&start=22&um=1&tbnid=vbTJUwrwJWdYcM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbakelite%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50272809/Bakelite_Plastic_Normal_Lamp_Holders.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.global-b2b-network.com/b2b/87/431/345636/sell_bakelite_plastic_normal_lamp_holders_ms507c_w_ul_.html&h=360&w=360&sz=29&hl=en&start=22&um=1&tbnid=vbTJUwrwJWdYcM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbakelite%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DN -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
15/22
For use in structural
applications, plastics need to
be reinforced with glass,asbestos and metallic fibers.
e.g. GRP (Glass reinforced
plastic)
Corrugated plastic sheets -roofing
Plastic panel - cladding of
light weight partition, door,
siding
Market form and uses
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vinyl-siding-info.com/images/TYVEK-VINYL-SIDING_11.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vinyl-siding-info.com/vinyl_manufacturers.html&h=281&w=210&sz=22&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=KuOJa3qVR_Sf6M:&tbnh=114&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvinyl%2Bsiding%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11060510/Twin_Wall_Corrugated_PVC_Roof.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11060510/Twin_Wall_Corrugated_PVC_Roof.html&h=440&w=1400&sz=47&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=QEwxNThZG6RRhM:&tbnh=47&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcorrugated%2Bplastic%2Broof%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.asahi-yukizai.co.jp/en/product/plastic-pipe-material/detail/E-AV-P001-image-220x220.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.asahi-yukizai.co.jp/en/product/plastic-pipe-material/detail/E-AV-P001.html&h=220&w=220&sz=8&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=zqOfW3IB7yjP0M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpvc%2Bpipes%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235http://artgrafix.com/store/heavyduty.html -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
16/22
Plastic foam boards thermal &
sound insulation
Floor tile & frame
Pipes, GRP water tanks, sanitary
& water supply fittings
Material coating (e.g. steel
pipe), water proof barrier
Adhesive, paints
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.plastictrends.com/industry_solutions/img/main_plumbing.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.plastictrends.com/industry_solutions/plumbing.php&h=287&w=507&sz=12&hl=en&start=24&um=1&tbnid=qUjp2u6n5rRLgM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplastics%2Bsanitary%2Bfittings%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DNhttp://www3.arct.cam.ac.uk/education/images/CeilingFormwork2.gifhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://image.ec21.com/image/sinotile/timg_GC01693691_CA01707565/PVC_Floor_Tile.jpg&imgrefurl=http://products.ec21.com/manufacturers/pvc_floor_tile.html&h=80&w=80&sz=3&hl=en&start=37&um=1&tbnid=snthThI4LVbtWM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpvc%2Bfloor%2Btile%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.asahi-yukizai.co.jp/en/product/plastic-pipe-material/detail/E-AV-P001-image-220x220.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.asahi-yukizai.co.jp/en/product/plastic-pipe-material/detail/E-AV-P001.html&h=220&w=220&sz=8&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=zqOfW3IB7yjP0M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpvc%2Bpipes%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235http://artgrafix.com/store/heavyduty.html -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
17/22
Natural rubber
Weak. To improve its
properties, sulfur is added.Excess sulfur makes rubber
brittle.
Synthetic rubber
Produce from petroleum and
other minerals.
e.g. Neoprene, Buna S, Butyl
Rubber
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.therubberband.info/images/history_tappingbark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.therubberband.info/history.php&h=274&w=274&sz=28&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=fjnSkGzCWiebTM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsynthetic%2Brubber%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4RNWN_en-GBMY235MY235%26sa%3DG -
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
18/22
Water repellent and resistant to alkalis and
weak acids.
Elasticity, toughness, impermeability,
adhesiveness and electrical resistance.
Properties
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
19/22
Tires
Adhesives
Engineering applications- (e.g. bridge bearings,
bearings to protect structures
from vibration - shock absorber)
- Rubberized asphalt - rubberfrom scrap tires is mixed with
asphalt.
- Electrical insulator
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
20/22
Asbestos
Properties
Flexible; can be woven to make fabrics
Highly resistant to heat (very high melting point
1520 oC)
Low thermal conductivity
Excellent thermal & sound insulating properties
Fibrous flexible mineral consists mainly of silicate
of calcium & magnesium (CaSiO3, 3MgSiO3).
Color varies from white, gray, blue,
brown.
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
21/22
Uses
Asbestos cement sheets, pipes
Fire proof cloth
Sprayed coatings fireprotection to structural steelwork
Asbestos insulating boards
Thermal insulation to boilers,
vessels, pipes, valves, pumps
-
7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan
22/22
Protective & decorative finishes
Painting implies an application of thin coating
material in liquid or plastic condition to the surface,
which dries out leaving a protective as well as
decorative finishes.
Adhesive
A substance capable of sticking to surfaces of othersubstances and bonding them to one another.
Types: Animal glue; vegetable sources resin,
rubber; synthetic resin