note page 23. union army launched several attacks on confederate lines, but were repeatedly driven...
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Note Page 23
Turning Points of the Civil War
US History
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Union army launched several attacks on Confederate lines, but were repeatedly driven back
Confederacy then went on offensive, broke Union lines, and forced them to flee back to DCConfed. General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson got his nickname for holding his ground
Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
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DG FarragutLed his forces right past
all of the Confederate forts.
Forced everyone to Surrender Butler took over the city And declared martial
law
Battle of New Orleans
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Battle of New Orleans
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McClellan got within 15 miles of CSA capital Richmond
Lee attackedAnd there wasFighting for 7 DaysLee and JacksonDrove back Union forces
Seven Days Battle
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Seven Days Battle
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Antietam (also known as Sharpsburg MD) is the bloodiest day in Civil War history
No clear victory but stops the CSA invasion and Brit and France refuse to recognize the CSA
Confederacy Invade the North
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With Northern casualties rising to staggering levels, Northerners began to push for slavery to end
Lincoln promised that if Union troops could drive CSA forces out of Union territory, then he would issue a proclamation ending slavery
Sept. 22 1862 he issued Emancipation Proclamation that freed all enslaved people in that rebelling states
Emancipation Proclamation
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The tide turned in the War when the Union won pivotal battles in the West at Vicksburg and in the East at Gettysburg
After the StalemateThe Notes start Here
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Why? It was part of the Union’s strategy to gain control of the Mississippi River
Vicksburg remained the last Confederate stronghold on the river and if captured, the Union could divide CSA in two
How? After two failed attempts, Union general Grant moved his troops South down the river on the opposite side and then crossed the river
Siege of Vicksburg
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Once he crossed the river, he sent Benjamin Grierson out on a raid of the Miss. Countryside to distract the Confed. troops
Grants troops marched East and were forced to use Foraging (searching and raiding for food) to survive
They took the town of Jackson before heading back to Vicksburg
May 1863, Grant tried twice to take Vicksburg but failed
The only way to take the city was by SIEGE or to cut off its food and supply lines and bombard the city until its defenders gave up
On July 4, 1863 the Confed. commander surrendered
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Battle of Vicksburg
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After Union victory at Antietam, Lincoln grew frustrated with McClellan because he let Lee’s army slip away
He then failed to advance and capture RichmondMcClellan replaced by Ambrose BurnsideBurnside had high Union Casualties at Fredericksburg and Was replaced by Joseph Hooker
The Road to Gettysburg
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Lee wanted to launch a CSA invasion into Northern territory to gain European supportJune 1863, Lee marched into PennsylvaniaTroops seized livestock, food, and clothingHooker failed to stop Lee and was replaced
by General George MeadeUnion and Confed. troops met near the
town of Gettysburg, PA on July 1, 1863
Gettysburg
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On July 2 Lee attacks but the Union troops held their ground in the hills; Cemetery Ridge
On July 3 Lee orders 15,000 men under General Pickett and Hill to make a massive uphill assault; “Pickett’s Charge”
Union forces from the Ridge fired canons and guns on the chargers and inflicted 7,000 casualties in less than half an hour
Less than 5,000 Confederates made it up the ridge and those that did were overwhelmed by Union forces
Lee gathered his troops on July 4 and retreated back to Virginia; North Wins!
Gettysburg; July 1-4 1863
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Pickett's Charge
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General Meade had stopped the CSA invasion into Northern territory
Gettysburg became the farthest North the Confederates made it, and turned the tide of the war (at same time Vicksburg surrendered)
Two armies left behind a town in ruins and 51,000 killed and wounded
Governor of Penn. Purchased 17 acres of the battlefield to make a military cemetery
“High Water Mark of the Confederacy”
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November 1863, Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate part of the battlefield as a military cemetery
His Speech, Gettysburg Address, reminded listeners that the war was to uphold the belief that all men were created equal;“of the people, by the people, andFor the people”
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address
Rap by Peter
DiLalla
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After Vicksburg, fighting began near Chattanooga Tenn. Over a vital Railroad junction
Grant captured Chattanooga in 1863 and the Union controls RR going South to Atlanta and that cleared the way for Sherman's march to the sea
After this victory, Lincoln names Grant the general in chief of all the Union forces as Lieutenant general, a rank no one has had since Washington
Grant Secures Tennessee
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Grant determined to march South while attacking Lee’s forces to make the South surrender
Battle near Fredericksburg, in the Wilderness- dense woods- fought for two days, woods caught fire and choked combatants (Grant won)
Grant continued South and attacked Confed. at Spotsylvania; 11 days fighting, often hand to hand which traumatized many (Grant won)
Savage combats, advances and retreats, and the digging of trenches with no breaks or reinforcements
Cold Harbor; Grant launched assault on Lee and lost 7,000 men compared to Lee’s 1,500
Grant vs. Lee
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Grant moves through and destroys Richmond, then to Petersburg
Petersburg protected by miles of barricades 20 feet thick
Ditches in front of Confed. lines 15 ft. deep
Full-scale frontal assault would be suicidal
Grant ordered the city to be put under siege
Lee eventually retreats and surrenders at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865
Siege of Petersburg
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William Tecumseh Sherman (Union) occupied and destroyed Atlanta (burnt 1/3 of city) before marching from Atlanta to Savannah destroying 12 cities on the way
Total War= destroyed crops, rail lines, buildings, supplies etc.
Sherman wanted to make the “old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war”
Troops moved North from Savannah into SC burning and pillaging (looting) everything they found
Sherman’s March to the Sea
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Lincoln is reelected and takes this as a clear sign that his voters wanted to end slavery permanently with an amendment
Jan. 31, 1865 the 13th Amendment, which banned slavery, narrowly passed the House and went to the states for ratification
Apr. 9, 1865 Lee surrendersApr. 14, 1865, Lincoln attends a play at the
Ford’s Theatre He is shot in the back of the head and killed by
John Wilkes Booth
Election of 1864
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“Your name is mud!”
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North victory strengthened the power of the Federal government over the States
Transformed society by ending slavery Left the South economically and socially
devastatedHow would be put the Union back together
again???
Civil War Aftermath
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Note Page 23
Turning Points of the Civil War
The End