notes 1
TRANSCRIPT
BEE2922
INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION
Syllabus1. Electrical Power Supply (T)• Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE)regulation • Power Distribution
2. Main Switch Board-MSB (T)– Power factor correction – Switchgear and protective devices-RCCB,ACB,VCB– Over current protective devices-CT ratio, TMS(time
multiply setting) , relays– Standby generator
3. Sub-Switch Board-SSB (T)• Feeder pillar• Choose of cable size• Switchgear and protective devices-
MCCB,ACB,fuses• Meters
4. Distribution Board-DB (T)• Current carrying capacity• Cable sizing• Circuit breaker rating • Three phase and single phase supply• Assessment
5. Loads (T)– Total Connected Load(TCL)– Current carrying capacity– Voltage drop– Sensitivity – Balanced three phase circuit – Maximum demand– Tariffs
6. Project (P)• Configuration of tools and equipment• Schematic drawing-assignment• Conduit and trunks • Installation and wiring• Cables - Armoured cable • Inspection and Testing- Condition of equipment and materials,
continuity, insulation, termination, earth electrode
LEARNING OUTCOMESThis subject introduces student to three phase wiring.
The students will learn how to do electrical wiring involving three phase supply and also the safety
measures required.
The students should be able to:i. Differential between domestic and Industrial wiringii. Demonstrate the component and function of
distribution boardiii. Explain the flow of distribution power system.iv. Practice right installation and wiring technique.
CHAPTER 1
• ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY IEE
POWER DISTRIBUTION
IEE REGULATION
• The 16th IEE regulation (Institution of Electrical Engineers) currently is used in commenwealth countries
• It must be follow as practically in order to achieve/fulfill the safety and rule requirement
ELECTRICAL REGULATION 1994
• The rule to describe how the activities in generation, transmission, distribution, consuming, supervising, handling, license, competent person, importing, manufacturing, upgrading, etc is applied
COMPETENT PERSON
• Pendawai Elektrik (Wireman), PW1 to PW6• Penjaga Jentera Elektrik (Chargeman), A0 to A4• Penyelia Elektrik (Electrical Supervisor)• Pencantum Kabel (Cable Jointer)• Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten (Competent Engineer)• Jurutera Elektrik Perkhidmatan (Servising Engineer)• Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten Residen (Competent
Resident Electrical Engineer)
POWER STATION
ALTERNATOR
Main intake substation
POWER GENERATIONTNB 33kV/11kV
11kV/433kV substation
TRANSMISSION and DISTRIBUTION
CHAPTER 2• MSB (LV 415V)
• CHAPTER 2 :POWER DISTRIBUTION
TNB SUBSTATION
MAIN SWITCH BOARD
SUB SWITCH BOARD
DISTRIBUTION BOARD
LOAD
11 kV
415V
415/240V
415/240V
POWER DISTRIBUTION
MSB(415V)
SSB415V
SSB415V
SSB)415V
STANDBY GENSET
MSB
SSB SSB SSB SSB
DB DB DB DB
INSIDE SUBSTATION
Ring Main Unit (RMU) / Ring Main Unit (RMU) / Switchgear 11kVSwitchgear 11kV
Transformer (11/0.415kV)Transformer (11/0.415kV) MSBMSBFeeder pillarFeeder pillarHigh voltage & low voltage cableHigh voltage & low voltage cable
2.0:MAIN SWITCH BOARD(MSB)
2.1 CAPACITOR BANK• power factor correction
<= 0.85• Lowest PF – penalty
RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER (RCCB)
• Automatic Circuit Breaker for current leakage to earth
• Current rating:40A and 60/63A
• Sensitivity of current leaking :10mA, 30mA, 100mA, 300mA
• Three phase and single phase type
2.3 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER
• Current rating – 600A and above
• Add - Current Transformer, relay and shunt trip coil for operation
• Current trip be adjusted
2.3 CT, TMS, RELAY
CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
2.4 STANDBY GENSET
3.0 SSB
3.1 SWITCH GEAR PROTECTION3.2 RCCB, ACB, VCB
Type of protection
• Over current (short circuit)• overload• earth fault• earth leakage• lightning• Overheating• unbalance phase• reverse phase sequence
3.0 SUB SWITCH BOARD (SSB)
EARTH FAULT RELAY
MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCCB)
• Function=MCB• For 60A and above usage• For three phase power supply• Replace switch fuse and fuse switch• ON- after Short circuit and over loading• Easy to operate
3 PHASE ELCB CONSTRUCTION
R Y B N
Perintang uji
Punatekan uji
Teras besi ( Gelung secondary )
PLBB Tiga Fasa
Elemen sensitif
Suis 4 kutub jenis link
BEBAN
BALANCE CONDITION
R Y B N
BEBAN
20A 20A 20A
20A
UNBALANCE CONDITION
R Y B N
bocor ke bumi
BEBAN
20A 20A 20A
10A
3.2 FEEDER PILLAR
CABLE CONSTRUCTION
• conductor – Aluminium/Copper• insulator – Paper, PVC, XLPE• Lembar (strand) – helaian paling
kecil• core – himpunan helaian• Perisai (armour) – perlindungan
mekanikal• Salut (sheath) – kemasan luaran• Pengisi (filler) – mengisi ruang
kosong• Screen (thin copper foil) – stress
uniformity• Pengalas (bedding) – alas antara
bahagian keras dgn bahagian lembut
PILCDSTAS CABLE (PAPER CABLE)
VARIOUS TYPE OF CABLES
KABEL PVC/SWA/PVC
04/08/23 [email protected] 45
3.3 CABLE SIZE vs CURRENT RATINGmm SQUAREmm SQUARE CURRENT (A)CURRENT (A)
11 13.513.5
1.51.5 17.517.5
2.52.5 2424
44 3232
66 4141
1010 5757
1616 7676
2525 101101
3535 125125
5050 151151
7070 192192
9595 232232
120120 269269
150150 300300
3.4 METERS
kWhour meter
CT meter
4.0 DB
CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITYFUSE/MCB (Amp)FUSE/MCB (Amp) CABLE SIZE (mmCABLE SIZE (mm²)²) MAX POWER(watt)MAX POWER(watt)
5/65/6 1.51.5 1000/12001000/1200
1515 2.52.5 1 x 13A s/s/o1 x 13A s/s/o
2020 2.52.5 2 x 13A s/s/o2 x 13A s/s/o
30 (gelang)30 (gelang) 2.52.5 10 x 13A s/s/o10 x 13A s/s/o
30 (jejari)30 (jejari) 4.04.0 6 X 13A s/s/o6 X 13A s/s/o
1515 2.52.5 1 x cooker 3 kW1 x cooker 3 kW
3030 4.04.0 1 x cooker 8 kW1 x cooker 8 kW
1515 4.04.0 1 x heater 1.5kW1 x heater 1.5kW
1515 4.04.0 1 x 1.5 HP air cond1 x 1.5 HP air cond
3030 6.06.0 1 x 2.5 HP air cond1 x 2.5 HP air cond
6363 16/2516/25 Kabel masuk utamaKabel masuk utama
4.0:DB-SINGLE PHASE
• CONTENT:ISOLATOR (63A)ELCB -4 poleLIVE TERMINALNEUTRAL TERMINALEARTH TERMINALMCB
CABLE SIZING• 1.25 / 1.5 mm square (lamp/fan circuit)• 2.5 mm square (socket 13A, radial)• 4.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring)• 6.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring)• 10.0 mm square (main cable)• 16.0 mm square (main cable)• 25 mm square (main cable)• 35 mm square (main cable)• 50 mm square (main cable)• 70 mm square( main cable)
MCB
Cable sizing sizesize No of core/No of core/
Core Core size(diametsize(diamet
er)er)
LOadLOad voltage voltage ratingrating
Size of Size of cable cable
(diameter)(diameter)
1.25 1.25 mmmm22
(7/0.53 (7/0.53 mm)mm)
lamp circuitlamp circuit 300/500 300/500 voltvolt
2.5 mm2.5 mm
1.5 mm1.5 mm22 (3/0.737 (3/0.737 mm)mm)
lamp circuit/ lamp circuit/ heaterheater
300/500 300/500 voltvolt
3.0 mm3.0 mm
2.5 mm2.5 mm22 (7/0.67 (7/0.67 mm)mm)
Power Power circuit/water circuit/water heater 5kW- heater 5kW- 20A20A
400/750 400/750 voltvolt
3.7 mm3.7 mm
4 mm4 mm22 (7/0.85 (7/0.85 mm)mm)
water heater water heater 7kW- 30A7kW- 30A
400/750 400/750 voltvolt
4.2 mm4.2 mm
INTERNAL MCB COMPONENT
MCB-internal design
Earth chamber & earth electrode
• Earth chamber & earth electrode
EARTH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
• The grounding system is an essential element for the electrical system security and it is required to:
• Allow for protective devices activation when there is an insulation fault.
• Equalize the potential of conductive parts that can be accessed simultaneously, with the potential in the surrounding soil in order to prevent people from being exposed to hazardous voltages.
• Allow the lightning strike energy to be safely dissipated.
• Reduce electromagnetic interferences.
04/08/23 [email protected] 61
Earth electrode• Standard Earth Electrode 6
inches length• Galvanised Iron (G.I) hollow
pipe with diameter 2 in• Wire mesh • Max resistance-for
domestic wiring=1 ohm• Max resistance-for
lightning=10 ohm
Down conductors
Air terminal
5.1: total connected load• TCL is a total load in
each electrical equipment it is need supply for project or installation
• These equipment – lamp, fan, power point, lift, water pump, and electrical equipment
• Exp:
loadload raterate
1 x 18 W1 x 18 W 30W30W
1 x 36 W1 x 36 W 50W50W
Ceiling Ceiling fanfan
65W65W
EmergencEmergency lampy lamp
20W20W
Socket Socket outlet outlet 13A13A
250 W250 W
Socket Socket outlet outlet 15A15A
500 W500 W
VOLTAGE DROP
• IEE regulation-• Voltage drop≤4% from voltage source• EXAMPLE :VOLTAGE SOURCE= 240VMAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP =240 X 4% = 9.6V
• VOLTAGE SOURCE =415VMAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP=415 X 4% = 16.6V
CHAPTER 6: size of trunks
cable sizecable size Cable factorCable factor
1.5 mm1.5 mm 8.18.1
2.5 mm2.5 mm 11.411.4
4 mm4 mm 15.415.4
6 mm6 mm 22.922.9
10 mm10 mm 36.336.3
• CABLE FACTOR
• Trunks factor
Trunks size (mm)Trunks size (mm) factorfactor50 x 3850 x 38 767767
50 x 5050 x 50 10371037
75 x 2575 x 25 738738
75 x 3875 x 38 11461146
75 x 5075 x 50 15551555
75 x 7575 x 75 23712371
100 x 25100 x 25 99.399.3
100 x 38100 x 38 15421542
100 x 50100 x 50 20912091
100 x 75100 x 75 31893189
100 x 100100 x 100 42524252
example• Calculate the size of trunks to carried the cable size as below:a. 12 x 1.5mm²b. 16x2.5mm²c. 8 x 4mm²d. 4x6mm²
solution
• define the cable factor:a. 12 x 1.5mm² =12 x 8.1=97.2b. 16x2.5mm²=16 x 11.4=182.4c. 8 x 4mm²=8 x 15.4= 123.2d. 4x6mm²= 4 x 22.9= 91.6
• 494.4
• Trunks size=75 x 25 mm
FLAXIBLE CONDUIT
TYPE OF TRUNKING
STARTING
4 cm
X
X
TRUNKING -90 °
XX
X
20cm 5cm5cm
X
XX
X
X
TRUNKING 45 °-1
XX
X
X
45
2cm 2cm
20 cm
20cm
X X
X
X
TRUNKING 45 °-2
X
X
X
45
2cm 2cm
X
=28.5cm
X
X
ENDING
5 cm
X
X
CAP
5 cm 5 cm20 cm
X
X
X
X
X
90˚
2 cm2 cm
2 cm 2 cm
X
45˚-2
45˚-1
20 cm
DOL
TO MOTOR
MCB 32 A
O/L
CONTACTOR
Inside DB (Three Phase)
MCCB(40A)
ELCB(40A)
CON(32A)
10A
20A
20A
32A
32A
TO DOL
TO SOCKET OUTLET
SPARE
SPARE
EN
INCOMING FROM ISOLATOR
E/S
CABLE SIZE: 4mm
A1
A2
SPARE
RING CIRCUIT
S/O 2S/O 1
S/O 3
MCB (20A)E N
Cable size:2.5mm
R BY N E
Moulded-Case Circuit Breaker
(MCCB)
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)
Magnetic Contactor
(MC) Emergency Stop Button
Coils
A1
A2
Neutral Link
Neutral bar
Earth bar
Miniature Circuit
Breaker (MCB)
32A
32A
20A
20A
10A
to D.O.L starter
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
to Outlet Socket
4mm Cable
From MCCB until MCB
2.5mm Cable
DOL Starter
Socket Outlet
One Way Switch
Socket Outlet
OVERALL LAYOUT
TRUNKING (2”X2”)
CONDUIT(3/4”)
DB
DOL
S/O 1
S/O 3
S/O 2
E/S
45°
45°
90°
90°
12”
7”7”
9”
9”
10”
10”16”
12”
10”
10”
45°
45°
Practical FLOW WORK
START
CONDUIT-measurement, cutting, bending and threading
TRUNKING (body & cap)–measurement, cutting, hole
Conduit fitting-clip
TRUNKING FITTING-screwing
WIRING
TESTING
TEORI
ASSESSMENT
• Quizzes (5%)• Test (10%)• Practical (35%)