I

NOTES, AND l?R E.CE D E 1.1iTS

THE QUEBE C

POLITICAL CRISIS

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NOTE$ AND PREGEDENxS -

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A

THE

QUEBEC POLITICAL CRISIS.

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NOTES AND PRECEDENTS ,f

. ÿ 1.--0n the 28th Augnat,1879, the Legi~elative`Coun••~il of the Province of Quebec decided to suspend the~sapplp bill by the following resolntions :

That an humble addréas be presented to His 8onorthQ Lieutenant Governor, forwarding him the following'resolutione r

i . That the 8pIch from-the Throne at the ope ning of the session to a,document of the higheet Importance, because the ( iovernment calls uponthe authority of the Cmwn to witneaa the measures which it promises to

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eubmit to t e Legielature ; M , that the _ preaent, Government has not• • ~. .

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lias put itself in disaccord with the j~rinci ll le of miniale~ial responsibility

O. That the eletnentary principles of sound administration require •

realized the `weight of snbh obligations and has treated thém • 11ght1 y, tiy

refrajning front submitting to the Legislature the greater numbur of the•

measures annbunced in the 1~ leech from the Throne ,

2 . TO l the advisers of } i is Honor the Lieutenant•Governor ahotild -

,represent the authority of the Crown, ~ersonify the wisdom and practicàl

experience of the executive irovder and possess the , , necessary r. bility . to . ..

carry out in both llous es the obliptions which they publicly assumed ",not merely to their continuanco i n office but also to the integrity and

usefulness of theii• legislative measures ; but that the present Government

by subrpitting to the whim of an undeciiiecl niajority, which interfered

in the carrying out of i i s m easures, and deprived it of its control of lggis-

lation , thus allowing the inKt i ence of the E xectitive to pass out of the

bands of responsible servants irito those of men who merely rehres,ont

an outsLlu will and are serving private interesta .

3 .,•That the principle of parliamentary control over the public expen-

ilitura has been forever estahlish - d by the experience of several centuries

and proclaim -d in the Bill of itiKhts ; that ► he Legislature is jealous of,

tu sh control, which is the grentk, st safeguard of our p ,litical rights and

lihertirs, an d that this I Anci p ln i s e(p ially ahplicaple to Ilietpaymerit or to

thi: agreement to,* lay any sums of monoy, and to the reniissiun of debts

due to the Grown ; but that the present Governrnent, contrary the W)irit of

the constitution, has involved consi•lerable s ,i ms in the riuichase of lan ds

and in the carrying out of contracts without having consulted tilo l .egisla=.

ture, and even . 'rn certain cases, despite the'refusal ofthis Council to au-

ttwrize such Naymenrs ; that it htis remitted considerable dtbls which the•

Legislative Assembly ha ( l declared eollectahle . has issued special warrants

for merely administrative purposes, to the extent of over two hundr'rd

Ihnus ,i nd dollars in excess of the sum l; auth w ized by the Legislatu re .

4 . Tbat the law of the countr y extends its ,overeign nuthority over

those who govern as well as over tho-e who are governed : that • th e

a : ,, t aned power of suspend~ng the ex~~cution of laws, without con-

t ent of L'ürliâment, is illegal, an tthat more O rd o rs in Council suspend .

ing the o peration of a statute are irregular an d invali d if they have not

the sanctioli of the Legislature ; bu{ the present Government has shown a

contempt for the laws, both in the tnanner of fi'ling the vacancies

which have . occurred in the provincial r~ p resentative body, and - by

ignoring the exigancies and formalities re q uireçt, by statute, and by the

irregular and illegal appointmenyof a municipal officer wherein the. t,o-

vrrnment assumed the authority of the judiciary, which ha d not and lias

not yet 4 teclared any vacancy . •

S . 'I hat ! the declarations of a Government and the obligations it takes

u~on itself should alw'ays be made and ti idertaken in good faith, are

e~ways obligatory and sacred and bind the honor of the country iteelf ;

but that the present Government has, to a great extent divertect, from its .

ohj -ol ct the port ion of the Consolidated Railway F und intendéd for private

railway companies :suhsiclized by the Province, without having rrovided -

for the rrfunding of iucft sums and without having given any r.ecurity

that such encroachmenta shall not be renewed .

that . the expenditure should not exceed the revetiue, andthat lit case of

deficits arising frorn the yearly e 4penditure thé Government should read-

` just th-Ar Budget so as to restore equilibriun+, without touching t,~1 e capita l

but that the present Government has neglected to meet such dellcits ou t

of ordinary resources and tins used the capital fund for curront èxpon-

diture. "

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7 . That the,Rit(Iget should •be a clear enunciation of tho,fknancial mea-

-sures in course of completion or inaug ► 'iration, and that it shoukd Qatisfy the')ilouse that ihe oxpect(~d'revenuo should be sufllciont to meet the deciaredexpenditure ; but that the presont Governmonj has railed to sh w to the}Iouse t(►Ht the revenue at its disposal will be su(licient to meet t o ohliga-tions of the Provinc 11 , ~

Thertifore that this Council, without desiting to tako\u u duôpart in 111e (Iitrerellt i~ubNc . rli~eussions which ntaÿ dlvide~ublicopinion outside of this House . but witlt the sole obJect of averting ~romthe Province the dangers µ* hi h must necessarily arise from this co ~ ti-nued maladministration, and in the exercise of its " legitimate conatit t-tioual authority to insure e more efficient control over public moneys, makthis protest and rôpresentation :-Ist . I3ecause the Government has not,either by economy an d retronçhment or by a judi b ious develollment of ourresources, made up the delleit,•but ou the eontrary has allow - d it to In ./ crease, and because it has not been able to provid© ways and lneans, atthp, same time, to m e et ordinary expend iture, obligations alrea d y incurredand (, a ) mNnts to bi cou ►e due on public works in progress . 2nd . Becausethe GovernQient does not possess sufficient elements of Conltdonce andstren g th to efticiently in d us4ully adrnin is ter the all'airs of this Province,and that the abandonment o f its chief tneasurtls is an avowal that it isunable to satisfy the requiro tnents of the country ;

An d the Coumcil, while deciaring its willingness to grant Her Mn jesty thesupplies neceseary for the public service, deems it its duty to delay the adoiHtion ofahetiupply Bill now before the House,until it shall have'pleased HisHonor th- Lieuten int-(3overnor to choose a(Ivisers d isposed to maintain hisdlgnity by the fulfllment of the promises made in his name, to respect thespirit of the constitution and the rights of the Province of'Q V ebec, by not in .ourrin g Considerablo exl)enses without'the consent of thn, Ge g islatu re ; to-uphol(1 the dignity and authority of our institutions by refraining frominterference in the application and execution of the law, and who will, atthe same time, be able to enforce their views iri the l .egislature, and ,jus•tify this G^atncil in entrusting them with the management of the public(unds .

The follo.wii;tg extrnct from the apeoch delivered bythe Honorable Dr . Ross, mover of the resolutions,- gives

- a resumé of' the reasons on which the Legislative C ouncilbased ite action in suq eiidiiig the supply bil l

There arô various cornplaints against the Ccvcrnm ont, amongst tlie mIo That in the a d ministration of 1 ublic all'airs they h,ive set asido thespirit and oven the ir•tl(!r of the law20 In th e ir tran sactions, they have viohtte d thospirit of thr constitu-tion ;3o They have s~~uan~ler~ -d the - public fun ► Is .on~l leli enormous (ieficitgwithout providing for ihvi utdatts of rnakii ► g th-mi good4o They have lowered tue d ignit y ot' th o o xecutive power by violatingits promises or by misle adinR thw public by faL-e l state ► nvnts ;be They have not governed loyally and tustiy .The griavancos un der the first head are utuntirous . %% lion theydelayed the issue of lho writs for S t . hyacinthe for six'"tnonths,notwitltstanding the deman ii of two nteml !trs, a , p rovil led by law,

they could not but know that the)- w e rv ► violating the spirit of thestatute . - When they a p iroiuted as Returning Officer for the County~ _ . .

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of Chasbly, a party who was not the Registrar of, the county, they

knew that they were violating the letter of the law, as they beld'the very_ protest of the Registtar who deçlared he was ready ►o act .When they appointed a municipal Councillor in Chambly Basin;

'without the formalit y of an order-in-council, the y should have` knovvnthat they were vi,~t~ng'the letter of the law, whlch requires such order-in-council ; all tl%more sy- from the fact that the Courts had not andhave not yet declared anYvacancy in that Council, and that, thus, theGovernment has usurpe'd udicial Ihnctions . When they resolved Wextend the Quebec railway ~rom Terrebonne to St. Martin, they knew that .

yhe,law imposed on them the obligation of bringing i t from Terrebonne to

Hontreal . These are not visionaity , , nor frivoloub grievances . The act scomplaineH of attack the very basis of political and social organi :ation,and the fathers of constitutional , law laid down this grand truth inthe charter of our liberties itself-the Bill of Rights--when they declared

o, that the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution oflaws by regal authority, as it has been assumed and exercised of late, is

illegal .' In the second place,-tbe Government has openly violated thespirit of the constitution in its n~gotiations and contracts . The strictdoctrine of responsible government imposes on every minister the obli ga-

tion of causing to be authorized an y expenditure he may wish to make .

The constitutional principe of parliamentary control is also applicableto advances, loans or g ifts of public money to foreign powers, corporations

or rivate p4 rsôns, to the remission of debts due to the Crown.' (Todd,

vol . I, p. 455) . No remission by Government of loans, or of debts due toCrown, wheter by foreign powors, corporations or individuals is justifiable

without the knowledge and consent of Parliament. ( Declaration, House

of Commons, March ~5, 1715) . But the Government çeded,to Mr. Gowen

~a good securi ty of .$18,000 for $5,000 . They remitted certain sums due by

/the Quebec Are suRerers ; they made a settlement on the amount due bythe defaulter Ste . Marie ; and all without the slightest authorization fromthe House . Their various purcha 6 es, amongst others, of the Gale Farm,the Bellerive property, the Vacherie, amounting to $220,000, althoughthey bear a certain show of authority were nevertheless, in fact,an open violation of constitutional principles, for these properties

were so needless that the Government does not occupy them even yet .The work on the Three Rivers loop line and on the St . Martin line, rep ro- .

senting about $300 . 000, was also given out without the sanction of. the

Legislature . We have seen them make a bargain for the placing of-auinferior apparatus on the railwoy at a sçandalous price, and they onlyescaped censure by refusing to allow the House to look into the trans-

action .` They even went so far, in the Quebec Volunteers, question, as toignorA the orders of this Honourable Council and they paid the volunteers•after this House had refused i ts sanction thereto . The third eomplpint

Is, perhaps, the most grievous one . While not discussing the manner In

whieh.tl ► ey have allowed the exlras nccounts on railways to accumulate,we must look forward to the future which is so threatening . There arecertain and unavoidable obligations in which the honor of the Provlp~ e

is involved. The whole list of them would be too long ; a few of tb~fmare here given :Loans to be relünded (Mr Langelier's slatement) . . . . . . . . . .. . . . :. . . . .. . .= 770,000

Balance on Three Rivers Loop Lino . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . ., ., . . ., . . . . 24,100"

Hull Bridge -ad Station . . . ., . : . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 284,534 .

Terminus at Montreal Barracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . , 2116 :74

Gale fkrm . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,004 .

Balance of Rellerive hroperty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .,., . . ., . . . . . 42,250

Itttépeion'tô Deep Water, Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. ,. '~b0 e0dDug4n Macdonald Arbittation» .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..r . . .. .. . . . : . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .,. io0 0wTô om léte Eastern 8-pction-4overnment Bstimate . . . . . . . .. .. . .: ... :. 898;e86Tq C.èiàPiete Western and Ay1mêr Bection-Government BsUmate . . 270,t2 lPontiac Line as p roauiled . . . . . .'. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 600,000Uneettlo pl4ims of thfi contractor, Macdonald, . on which ltr .

nly gave no o~inion, as well as the claims of Mr. ThomasZGr4evy, whic will necesaitatâ fbrthbr arbitration .. . . . . . . .. . : 500,010

8ubsidies to Private Companiea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . :. . : . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . i .000,pp6--,~

Total . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .; . .. . . . . . . . .. .44,70/,436

Now, we must face the fact that our authorized line of loans is ezhruetet}riOn the let of July, 1 879, we had in bank out of ouraçÇqm ted surpluaef !since 1867, and of our eleven million ~Ilars of loans, but~. 597,00U fo rrailways . We are promised $500,OQO over and above our clUtms againstthe Ottawa Government, and this is all the Government count upon tomeet the obligations of the Province ; for we know by experience that wetan hardly rely on the pà yment of municipal subscriptions, which, afterall, amount to only ;1,200,000, and the Government, as a matter of fact,bave not taken any means to compel the diAerent cities to pay them. Atall events, the very higheet calculations and hopes of the Government do>bot exceed $2,297,000, as against $4,704,436 of unavoidable debts, Underthe fourth bead there is a considerable list of grievances . This Govern-ment, in two speches from the Throne, promised the following :-,

1 . The abolition of the I ► egislative Council .2 . The restoring of the equilibrium between receipts and expenditure .3 . ?De completion of the railway from Quebec to Ottawa during this

~6aëion. ~4 . A demand for aid from the Federal Government .b . The assertion that the municipa litiee had sbowp good will In the

settlement of their accounts with the Government .The leasing of the railway .

.The reorganization of the syetentot Nbiic I étruction .•8 . The aettlement of the Municipal Loan Fund~9. The macadamizing of the roads .

These nine Items have been abandoned without any credit to the Gov:ernment, which is rightly accused of having made use of the weightwhich the rep resentative of the Queen carries with him to dazzle publicopiniôn for a while with false statements . It may, not be out of pplace toaay here that instead of taking measures to court the interest of theFederal Government in our lot, the Quebec Goavernment took the troubleto upset all constitutional ideas, by sending to 4lis'Bxcellency thâ Gover-nor-General an addres s , which was equivalent to a request for the dismissalof the present Federal Ministers . It might, perha ps, be more advisableto pass over th9 6fth point, because the facts relating to it, althoughpublic, are partly of a personal nature and could not give to strangers tbigh opinion of some of our public men, whose veracity and title to res; ,pect the Legielative Assembly i tself would not vouch for, notwithstandingp~ ►rty ties and although there, above all, such consideration is extendedto one's &lends . The display or weakness which the Government hasehôwn since the opening of)he sesaion, by re t reating step by stop at thefeinteat eha¢ow of attack, has been in public opinion, It9 death-wan.rant ; for any (iovernment whibh hQl A s office merely 'for the' sake o fowning' port folios, and which is unable to carry out Its measures, has

monts dcpO nding on tlris justilluhl~üri- sliect ; thoy prelorred to save %iloiti .alwvn tho ruins of sonto p riv a lo fol'tuuo, I ~orhaps ; whnso ownor hal l

trùstort to : ' tho poil faitlr of th e Guverpmont . I e rom one end of tho coun-try to thtl olhbr w~+ seo niarks of injustico, and the List alone of tlteirdismissnia f1'om é~flico during là months will give us an id e a of whnt 1h~1' y

ropudir~to jiroü .ses givo~„ in ivr~jliug ` to o railwhy cotnpttity, r+tttt9r, tUati ackttowlodg4 lis impotoncy, and without consi~loring thoItnaocial et1ago-

lost its usofulnt~ss in so f,ir as Iho country is concerned . ' Unforlunatoly. .tfji ; w~kltess has showh itsp lf on sut .jects of kito very high(~st inl por~,tpqco .' Tlio Govor i iritonl, lias bien corni~olled to . brook its owq•w~'rd ; t ô

Iativo Counci) on Iho 281h Instant, "and which was iiolivorod to lunt by thelion . the !'rosidont of tho`Council .

The I,ieutonnnt ( .civninor regrets lhnt a dilfrronco of opinion 4hortblhave urisen botlveon tho LoKitilnlivo Cuunoil, and the i,egislalivo Assout-bly, nnd Ito 1 10 1 ► r~s thal his constitutionnl advisors will tutu it moans of•CCostüllli,Rlling Ilarinony Ireltvaou tliosu two hr+tnchos ol' Alho Logislatw'o . '

aoknowlodgo r•ocoiltt or the 4 ( I 4 Iro~s whiqh was V1olctii to hlm by the Logis-

llis fl(lvifiers, the following tltls wor :

Govr: Ws Wi r flou-s N .Qu„irou, 2901 Augnst, 1879 .0

Tho LioulEinant ( lov o rnor of thi) Province (if Quoboc has thn Ilonor 0

Lieutenant Go v«`rnor fin'w711•de(l to tho'Cotuicil, throughOn the follow 1 .11g• (ltly , 29th A.u~;u9t, His Iioltor th e

will clo d uring the courgo of ancithor yonr . ~ •

111tfi0 llitl(10 .11y Alto C~ov orlttnettt to nct 111 t11 113 sunso .,Ült tl>;e'211cl . Selitember, it privato mrntb(~r, DIr . (3i1.

• Assollihly thw t;ollow-g lloll Illo1'l'•(l' in ~, the I,eni :~l,ltiv~~

wish ox1)roKt;od by tlio' I,ioutoll4ltt-Govorltor that histtdyisers tihoitld find nicn,rx lr ► rees7ùfilisli harntouy beltveera

,!It( dzto brutirhes of lime I,r~r'islalrne, is ei~itivnleltt to a pro .

't1tH:onoi~r: lionir~rr .r,rs .

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A ii tho ministry is sul~I~+~sc(l to have suggested thist~ttt3wer, of w hich~ tlto t1 s5umo(l th o' rusppnelbtllty , .,tho

illg rv t;oltttiollti,• Nvhich collllict with those or thw Le~riH-

the h+t h ilù'•t' v yp , '4liug the will of tlil+ 1 1 oi 1 ulau• Irr anc.lr ol'l' .u•liaiuut ►t with

lativo ('olulcil ïut(l w,err v ote(1 by it lllqjority of 'l'I 1Ithh :l'I11161io con"Ut . .ti~~ r rii~~,•u its in 18l',7, by t1i~• Ilritish I2oillr ,\inarica

Act is siuti'ür in i ) rit~il l l l ~ to flint ol'thm t' n i b'l l Kinp l a n.'' 11'1t irr Ih o '1 ii 4 l I-onstilntiotl I1i14 Lrlrishrlivp Counoii and the 1,il1{islntivc

A ,. ' swntrl v ol' thi :. i'rminuu, +rno ruspuctrvily intendoll to Illl, within tholirnik ofthrtir 1- utt 01' s, ih - + pIac"s of' III,) Ilousl) of lord s and of thl) Iloils . ► 'of ( :ouainnus or h:npl,ur . l

l'liitt fr p n l tinlu iwmvrnui'ial,thu Iloüsu of l,pnIs in P;nginnd has I~~~en'in

r0xr,r,t to su~rl~ly .,l'Irnt th 1 t l ous~" of Lords has nevw• rofuscii tho KrnutinK of supplies t

o 11r,r Mnjosty or snsponrl~ed adoption ot'tlin tiuplill' Bill for the purposo of

11ulting a po+ssun, ul pon t114t h~~e~l • of fit(, trx~~~~utivr~ t ;ovornnlont, and of

tutitto :rcinK Iiim in the cthoicu,of Iris uavirrs .

That by Lite l rinciphis of, ll w British con stitution, as underslood and

battis of advisors in whom it would not hnvo vii ro~sviI its coutidonco .

} ► ractiaed for a long tim e , thw fntnof our n d minislration rqsls, not with lhoifppor itôuso, but with the nleclive, branch or t ►arliamnnt .'. 'Ibat this Ilouso lms, .durinq the presunl soaaion, frcy(wqtlygivon c1eaK

ry►roofs pf its conll ►Im ► co in tho a dvisers of His Honor the i,i ► ut~onant•(lovernor, and ospecinlly i n ~'otina tho iilil ► lics ~lemaii~ted by thoiu .

That thn said su 11 l ► lius have h«in voted to linr Dtn jeAty only becauPe oftho conlldonco rUposeil, by this Ilousn in tho said nd ► isors, and that thisttous ►; would not linvo voted iho said hsu l ►.Ilieg if his Ilonor hâI lied atvi•sors not nnjovinK te coniionct• of t ► vKislalivo Assomhl~•,

'l'hnt,this ( lousu H•oul d sen (v,lh req ►nl, the ani l l supplies put in tlio

, . , , .

Thon , Lite IIouse. w a t; n(ljourllrcl without ' lneviou s. Itotioo by It vote of"l'«'U'iutijority . The goverlimeltt

r0fur;e(1 to sttito whether they had cottSultrd the l,ieu-ten itlit-O o vcrnor with regard to 'tllls tl(l j oltrlllllellt ; thIlonortiblé ~ Mr . Mercier contell(lii1g that it, was one o~tltor~o cases in wllich they coul(i dispellso• ~Vitli theAese»t of the Crow n . no government like wiHe d re-futie to liccede, t o the requeKt of the-oppnHitiolt that thelul;i shition of the s ossiolt bo' Htuactioite(l, prev iouK to theil(l<~ollrlllilellt .

On the 11th ,Seploinbor, the gos'ql•ltm(>>it recoliHi(lerk1their d~~cisio~l, nitd,' ill co11Keqnt~nce, the I,ieiiteattu ► t-•(~ovei•iibr aanctionc(1 diflù•rent Bills ill tlie .lilmence of the' Tx)gislntivo Asselnhly :

2 .-Wo ~r(icee(1 to set, Forth the. ditFur~~nt hoiilts of

situation ; because collSe((uellct'fi, as v ill•iOl18 as tll('y ilrO

•co lIKtittitiotiti~ hrtit`tiço iilvol N'û(i • in this complicated

grave, réKUlt therefrom, tts sliow lt by the f ollotvittg seriesof (ittostion s

1 . (,'it l ► the l,egislative ('oul ►cil refuse the himplirli ?2 . 1)oeri the reftttinl by the. ('ottncil pince the lio%'c .rl ►-

Illelltllll(1('l' * t lit, obligation to l'esl g ll or to s(' ttlu the(liflictilty

3. C a lt lh(~ C~ov orriȕi~ltt continue it5 administrationwithout supplies ?

4 . Can the (1overlimrnt borî'ow moltov fil (lolitult cif .the supplies '?

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6 . Can th(.~ Lt . - Cloverii or nuthoriz(.~ expenditurewitllout the sttpp lie s having bee l ► vote(l'? .

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grant to Mr . Joly A dissoltttion 01 the }-louse , .

, 7 . Could the Lieutenant vovernor og ythe Bills after, the adjournment' of the Houee 7

8. Can the Lieutenant Governor cons littltionall y

~ut ed on the, edjotirnment of the LegielAtive Aeee1 a11 eanetion

.-lo .* . . ~t~i G'out©nwit-Gâv©rnor bave b,00% .coA.

I .•- CAN THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ]R EFUSE

THE SUPPLIF,8 P , '

§ l.---In parliamentary procedure, it is wrong to saythat the Legislative Collltcll of Q llel?ec doeH llot ocQilj) y ,to. all intente and tmrposeti, a si m illir Position to theIIouse of Lorde. Althoiigh the Council ~ins less powerthan the•]Ioilea of Lords as a Court of ,Tuntico and as tothe privilapë which may afTqct the liberty of thesubject, it is modo ed exactly oil it (the Homo of Lords)in all that nPport,is to the despntch of business, Theworking of, the one is the saine as of the other, itet asthe tarpcecliro of the Ieielntiva Assembly is ic~enticalwith that 6f the Iouso og Commons .

The laner61 Atsemblioe in the colônies vhch are thnir Muse o/Com-nOns, together with lhoir Council of State being their G'pper //oiue, withthe concurrence of the King or his ro ~resentativo, the Governor, make lawssuited to their own emorgoncioe .--~l~i AuKrTeflK, Co►1i . 108 .ti

Tho Council or (as it is called) Upper }fouie of assembly Is an humbleimitation of the Ilouee of Lords .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The procoe4i•nge of tho houso 0f aeaembly in the colonies are conduntedand their journali kept in a manner much conformed to those of the two whouses of parliament . It will therefore be neodle64 to enumerate partioulara,

-- 12 ---, ~, . .

as thtl journltls or th . ' tlol l̀ r . ' 6f parliament an, tll' lir e c o dents by w tlich th e1 .1) g I s Iltlllrt's 111 11h! Ctl :qll .• ~N Ct)11 t 111 - 1t tI1QI11S e l1•t'ç . t :itoiir!3, 13 6 tlsh Colol)U' s11 . 2 l 3 . 1, ' "• • 4

.. . . r . . . I

Uur o\vll collstitution , imposes o i l tts th e dttt•}r ofl0l1o\\'ill±; the Eilglisll 1)rer,rilcllts :--

il"' 1~ rt~ in • ~ o G In+t -Et, Nu' +t s rot ia + ►n i l Nrw lirlin swi e- kII lYt' rXl rr' ~r• l 111 o 11' tr~it . t o 111• 1 '•'tll'1•i11 ll tlllltr'rl IIIt110,1t! Ot)1111111 o 11 1111 - 1"1•thlt l :rt wIruf Ill e ' t'nll•' I I l. -nK i 1um ttf G 1• .',It linf, ► in un d Irr+lnntl, w ith ' ,tCttil ' liIllt lot) S! Illl lit il 111 u1 - l iltte tg) lillt l ' f tho t ' ilit . ' 0 I K ItIK - lolll (r\''l o f131itial Yltrlll \nliri l I`~i )

13rsiilc's, .t)tir I,rnisl,tturc' has cil'•it11~<l to ~;c) by the]~.Ilt;linh 'l)Ittc'tic~i' . l

p l I l i I I I all I l l l p r , l \ 1 , 1 . I ' I . +~ (Ilt' rlll o S, 11 s lIf,'t'i and ftll'lil s of (llo IIQII mg of1•onl III - rlis I' t t!t o l'I .,t -I I'L II qyoirl Of I ; rrnt lIII (ilul ullri Irolnnll, shltll IloIOII11\V••tI It11I . 'ti and l'•!)Çllllllloll`' Ilf lllo I .t!KIsI11t11V1 1 1S St!I11111}• Of Q llr!Ih!Cand 1111119'1 Of IIIH b ri :,drltlv! ( :Ullllt',1 )

~' • .

2 .-.-1t i s ittitct ihtttt11c llüu sr of Lords' has neverrrt'u : ;ed the supplies, althoünh it 1taH, oll forty clitlùrentoccasions, rc'Ptlsrcl Bills relating to ti ul)1)li e ti . But theI,rg i :3ltttire ( 'otilll'il has no more reftlse tl . tilt) ii'ul)l)lies( lltul t}tr Lords cli ( l ; it has û

nlyt~:3tt~;hrnclr.cl thel'n, and that_

clrci~;ic)11 is lt~)t \\~ithout 1)nc e cirlits, `~`c~ rt'nci in Coxpage i3`t

Lords is o-t' very fi 'l'(llit`llt o mlrrellct ► .

I)urin> n . tl ~I nl~' In l~ ► u,"'n r\nul•'s ~r g1Y . A . l) . 1 ;U:i, IN't~~•rrn tht,Lords Illl - l ( : o 11111111G s r11r0111 111~' r~\'I!'?IIIII V ~I1111, 111 II Lords 1\'ll1) hall the

~ ululle ) 11111r, 1~•culll it t Ituns tllr'In nnti tho tliwucsfi,u llntt It'rmjllutrr l. Ilillrnw It A . I) 170 ;I ;

This iw thr oltl} t'xhltutuliu tl>tt( can lie t,rit•c'n to thi5hltrttyt! of' 11t11111! y , tr<)llllll ' , rt'littll•l' to tho vo i1r 170 .5'

'1`hit+ important ltl r 1)o lll g Nl'ttlt'tl, l'ttrl'Itt ► tt illt grttttl•e tl it t;ttl)s i(ly of ,(11)~) t;ti~rlill g ; t~,liü ttcljotti . llt~ti . "

~l,lll'~' t)r(1l'l'l'(tl'll tlll'lt ii,, tlll'y . do tO•llll}', rl'lll.`rl) 1`i

Ilitll' (ll f lt'l'l')1(`l', l'l)IlNtlttltlO1171ll}• tipt`tllClllg, 1)('t11't'lRll il

Bill t;•rtttltiu g- to thr t'rc) w l nlol wy \\ 'ill c h is in th o 'l'r v tt-hul'y and It Bill l)rc)\•iclili g thc',rltrtut s of' 1)rc .t' ttrilt g Illo •I1 e }, for tllll . ~~1't)\l•I1 1)}• it tax :(•U1' it l5 l'1 'iclrnt thatifi'1'l'll

►uilliolls \\•tg r e voted in it sul){)1}• Bill, the Crown \\•ctulclbe but littlt, ht' lll`Iltt)(l, it' t lttl go\'l'l'lll)11111t lllhil :4ttrl'(i ,

\\•hic'h were to l)rc)\•i(lr1c ► r tLotir millions were tlotietttrcl .`l'hus,the rejection of it lnollt'y Bill 1)~ the 11o11ncoC

Why has the House of Lords ne v er reftts

Xi a Su , 1

I3ill, pttie and sin:l~le? Because l~:nglish oi~or»m nt sht~vb always had so high a sense of ho~ or, th at t}ieyhave abtinclonecl the field before bei>Ii forced to' sttc}>ran extretnity. Ctin any one (jnote a I ) ecN iVnt shotvinggall English niinistry so . clillg ul g to p tver ? Iltts a nti-nis try which abandoned all - its enstu•es ever, 1 ► eei><nllow~cl to re.main In power ?~tteh concluet is ro rtirclcdtherc~~ts clitshonin'nl ► le and such ' ns ~~~hich no intelligentmti n coulcl support . lZeacl some of th em

Si konF;l ► •r l'fa•I, --•I do nul hosilntt . to s oy th a t vo-ii iront i I ► rision hu - lI we n in our fn vo ►n• on th„ part i culnr vfi 1 o , I Nvonl l l not have consr.nted tohoi l d olli c u ulwu sull e run c, or tlu•uugll the lnero avnyion of I i nrlinln e ntnryd iflicullins . It is not I mr the I 1 u1 1 : ►c inlv r ost tlwll a governmont shouldrvemnin in olli ve, w h e n it i ,, lulnido to r i ve l - r•acti cal e Ife ct to tua measures .•it 1 jv li o%, s nc• cv c~no' for tiw nntionnl w , lfaro and I certainl)' ( ► o no tthink that even if tl o, Inte % •ol f + 1111 . 1 been in our fnvour, minister swould hnvo jeun able with cied il to lt~~an~ l~~,r an d With advatltago tothe int v rn~t of tll o country to cun i lucl lhe administration of' public affairp .Illlulsnr d . Vol . 8 ;-p. 1012•43 )Il ► ~uAf;l .t -11 i s a ► I~•nulaKoons for 1ho Ilou~o that they shoul~l have clear! onc Op t ►onr on Ih s sulrj V ct, because it is not for the honour ofiho Ilousa thatIt s houlrl b r s nid that nn ) hu ► iy ol mm ► who ~li ► I not I rossnys th oi conll~it!nc oof the n ► njority are still nl ► Io lo Irondl ►cl th ►+ nlGtirc of lhe e Ilousn . ( UisrAoli ,Ilan sar ► 1 % ul . 191, p . 1701 . )

Lord l3rotl ghain stiites , as follows, that the history ofE'1tt,rlttllcl has .fi1r1)18}1l'(1 but one example of a gov ern ->Inellt'thut,• clili16 h1t,r to po wer .

Lollo [lit u( ;luv .--U ►ir K overtirnonl cnnnôt work for one moment if it has ,not a ► I eclrlr "d In'

. i jurity in both hons - s . LatVly this Support has been trie d1 0 be (10110 nwa %' With nn ► t the consvqumnaea have been doplorahlo . Thisalloml - t was att 0 n 1 l V- l by so Inany e lillrarrnssments to lhoso who \vnreIrnilty of it, and I 1 I 11 co ( l such dillicnlti es in Ih e ir' way, and so diKcrodilndtl ► MII TIIAT WE V11' FAFH . .1' ClIW ;1 .l 7 1 1 F: 111AT IT WILL IlK TIIk I .AST ATTRN P T OF11113 NA1 Ilnf:, AS IT W AS CE111 A M .1' TI ► M; F'IIFS'r 11, o rd Ilronghanl : IlOnlocracyan d mixed govornlnonts--p . 3 9 5, frein the F r enc h l'ar 1 5 edition . )

The follo Nv ing linbs soc in to have been written , forthe Jolÿ government . Lord Brougham H peeks

In conv e rcntinn with Ili s llo ) liurnott, Kin g William III once romerkod • c1 anli quite surk, whi0h of all the tio % qrnrn mnts is the worst, and that i9 a►ncnarchy wilhunt rlun power vokd lu Ihr+ t:xnçulivo ; anylhinR is boiter11 ► all ( int .----- so kay it of an impotent min ictry ; give ulo any ministryrather than flint . "---Il1ansard, vol . IOI, 11 . 814 ) '

Bagehot coiul)lete s the pfchireliut ► f tho so who have hôon ontrusto , i with lho administration of publicnffajrh are nnnble to control th e legislation of l'ar hument so as to bring it in

I

/

in •174I,'Sir Robert KYiilpolo relinquiahed power

In 1782, Lord North ÿielded to a similar pressure .

the othcr by Lord George Ctlvonditjll . The first declared

romain in power with aweak majority . We relate belo w

uni-ton with thoir ow~~ policy, good ami s•tab'o govornment will be impos-eiblo . In such case, t(lo law Witt and `taX imposera are sure to quarrelwith the tax requirerit The üxocutivo is crippled by not getting the I aiwsit needs or the money`it wants, and bocomos unfit for its name, since itcannot execute what it• may decidé upon, while the T .egislâture bocomes 'demoralized by attempting to assume the reins of (iovornment withoutbeing rospopetble for the consoquoncos of its own acts .-(t3sgohot, Fort-nightly Review, 151ih May, 1 8 65, and March, 18 6 6 . )

They are so ,sQnditit•o on this yoillt, that any Ctovorn-mont which w-~a reduced to directing the nfl'aire,of thecountry with emall m Rjorities htisteiled to roliovo them-solvca of the respoileibilit .

itnder the foYlowing •circutustntlcçA :' A 'motion imply-ing the withdrnwttil of the contidexco of the Ilouao ofComnlons was mado by Mr . Pnltoney : This motion wasrujeéted but with only three votes in favor of the minis=try . But Sir Robert Walpole gave up the reine ofpower .

7 .` vvo ln*a ttiolla ' were made : one by'Sir John Rous,

that it was Impossible for the 1Iouse to gi ve its collti-ïlonco to the ( lovernllient ;. the second. was couched interlnK soinowhtit similar to ' the " 1irHt . The first wasrejected by a nlthjorit .y of ton ; but Lord ,North believed -it was his duty, In Kplto of that majority, to. tender hisre8lgllatioll .

In the yenr .l 04, Lord Sidmonth was : obliged toretire with iti in ority of 87 ~~otoo . In 1812, at tlxo ti><noof the first forl ttitioit of an -• tl(lini1116tfinti 6ll by Lordbiverpool, on motion of Lord Wharllclifl'o, thon Mr .Stewart Wortley, it reaolutio>Il was tldolited by th e

ôIloneo of Common8 that a-noro extolleivo and a morelllciolt administration be l'ormed . The majority of 4

decided the ft►to of the first lliiniatry tried by LodLivorhool: • /.1

Sir Robert Pool, preeeod by, circumstriueos, tried to

hi~ )erploxitiee according to llia >Inulietorial explanationsat to sitting of the 27th May, 184 1

The natural and unavoidable consoquoncoa of attempting to govern bya minority were't(io oons equoncos I met with . Upon almost every night

m y proceedings were obstructed . On every committee of suppl y , I mol

The governor Sir J . II . T . Manners Sutton, forwarde d

to i>rorogue the I-Iouse8 and to sumnion immeditttoly

The qovur».oi• answered them as followe ;

with some motion whi0h prevented my proceedin g with the publicb *

uel•' .Dose, and, at length, I was compelled to yield . While party influence andparty qonnoctions remain In this country such ilI be the case . Withoutencoura g ing extravagant approhonsione, thon, a~to the overthrow of theconstitution, this I say that practical oxperionce provos to us, that the nobleLord is righl that thoro will be groal ovjls, abso~uto, unavoidable ovils, i nthe administration of public afïairs, rosulting from the inversion of, theconstitutional .rule, and the attempt to govern without a sufficient majorityin this Ilouso . ( llansard, VoJ . 58, p . 817 . )

T h o$o are tho 'roaeolie why the Iiouso of I,orci i3 liaelie-Ver bçori under the necessity of iving its a procédontfor the rofusal of supplies to a wetiU.gorernment,

3 .-Thon, the colonies aflord us p recedonts basédUpon instructions gi ven by the Colonial Office to theGovernors .

On 81et August, 186'7, the Legislative Council of Vicetqria , Australia, refused the supplies .

this r('t3ollttton to 1118'a(1 v it3ors ; who replied to it in amemoraricluni dated 22nd Augti8t, asking the (l overnor

another session'to take tip,j,ho otil~t~l y' Bill .

To the Ilonourabio Chief Secrofary .22nd August 1867, 1 .15, p . an . •

With regard to the prolw s al that l'tirliantont should be ~ro roguod o nan early day, in orddr that tho Logielativo Cotmjil may ~iave anotheropportunity, i n a l1tturo session, of considorJng the Appropriation Bill, lhol~iovornOr would observe, without reforonco, however, to the policy of theadvico thus louderod, that its a f lnptioti now, would, in his judgmont, bepromaturo .

And, having nnxiousl y consi d ored the position of the (lovernmont andhis own, 'ho would fhankiy inform his a i lvisors that, in his opinion, it I sdosirRblo that nrt should at onoe placeimscl/conililt t lio»ally in cnntntu-nicilion with Aoe who have rejtelecl the Appropriation b i ll, and whohave thus declinod to afford to the Governmont the funds requisilo tomoot the services of lho yoar . ,

(n ignal,) J . Il . 'I• . MANhKH4 Surrorv ,

Tam 8atuo day the Oovornuaoltt wrot oTho Chier tS ocrotar y~ has submitted to his cplloaguos his 1S ;colloucy's

Memôrandum of this dale .The cabinet are of opiniqn ' that inasmuch as his hxcelloncy has not soon

fit to accept the advice which his responsible advisors have folt it theirduty to Bill mil to him, and has in t imated his dosire to place himself contt •lutio II "

.

na y n coy-munication wit t thoso who have rojocted the appro•

- 16-

p

priation Bill, they hava no othor alternative but (o tendor their rosigna-Uona to his lixcellency, and the chier hocrotaly I,ogs leave on bohalf ofhilnself and his colleagues to do so accordingly .

(S+Iglll)ll) JANNS NtC(i111,t .oC11 .

22 Augu - t, 18 6 7 ,

• On the 23rd Aiignst, the Governor exhlain8 morefully Ins views'by commi>.»icatin g with Mr. Fellows :

„ .„Is scnrc•+ly necesaary for the Governor to state that in rofnsingthe arlvico of his nïinisters ho had no llrsviro to gi v r► to ono iroliticg, party itviclor y over the other, or to imply oui ici or personal l'avo klr or riiwfavourfor either, but becnllse /ri.s nrlr+isers uerc allr ► lillerlly and l wnl'cscelll,y disn-Gle/l, ' M/ the rrjrcli ,{n of the rz ► ,pr oprinlio ► t Rill, /'rv+d ► /•n ► tlluc•!i»g / lie od-mi ► lisl ► nfion o/ put,liC (U/ lirs, as regards the rUis%n/Wn ► ! o/ undispuled/1eC11 ►It/ll•1 Cl+lil ► 15 111~Q!! file li,+l'e+l1l ►1Cri1, in the Itl+llal .Ir1tl ~trictly conStitll-

tional mnnnrr, un+l the liovernorhorefore consi+l+ - rwl it to ho his dnly t (J

ii ivito the nll v ico of lhow by %li Irnn tl w ahove m wntion e rl liill lifts been

rr'j~'ct~~+l .(tiigilerll ,I : li . '1•,•1\t~~>r:n~•t;nr ► o~ .

oovcrnmont OI)laes,Mell,ourno, 23 Aligust 1867 .

.,Ir.Fellowti refiir3ell to give his aclvice , beettuse heknc-w that lie cctulli not form it Government, and theiuiposHibility oC any otht'r combintition liliclil~t,►' it tt>liljo-

,ritti. .in the .I .e~iKlt><h~•e Ashemi,ly t~rol~linp](~d-~tli« crit3i~ .In the inthrN•ttl, the Goverüor ttnttotutcell that he wouldtutthorizl> no pttiyinent that was not votell :

- 2Gth August, t :;s7 . ~. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11at th~~Govurnor thinks that tlio present misnplrehension,and )ossiblocomplications hereafter, 1(~tll he Gest prouicl,(1 oyr ► insl if the her~s of the

set'wal llellnr•tmrnls ahslrri ►1 from sul ► lilli► ry to him any autlloi•ilies otherIharl rhose included ai ► long (lie ahm- e, 1),entlo,7erl . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., .,,, .,, . .,, . .,,,,,,, . .,, ., .,,,, . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• fut 40 long as by the action of 1'urliam pnt the llnnual supi ► I y is withhal dfrom tho Uov ernmont, the G overnorthinks that ho would occul ►y anunteuahla, or at least an ex! , el ► tiônal,lü position, in a constitutional pointof view, If he wrro to t~anc.tion any new contracts other than thosa for

1.ervicoa, tho c+:x ponllitunc for which has been already sanctioned and {Vo- •vided for by I'urlialncnt .

( "Signed,) J . 1I . •'l' . At ANN ►•:ns .`;ur T ox,

In itccomiting for his con(luct to the Enl;liHh Uovern-meitt, the O ov l'rllor exhlnitts why he recitlled •hisform er ndv isere

I1N1 ►oelrne, 2 6 th Octobor t807 .

: . . . . . . . .If l hall bwen of opinion that tl(t fir opponents would, i f p lacod ,in power, havo conunandoll a luojorit y• in thr , Ilegislatir , o Assombly ontAe

/ueslions in disl ► ule bellr~ecn (lie ttro ./louses, I nlig/!t have taken a different

col"s "' . /tul it is unnecessarll to discuss that cortlingency, Fcr• I . hat l e been11?1 0Gle to p rrire at the belie/'thal it was in, any degree probablc . '

TO lllo I)tlk0 o f

13ückindham and Chandos

, J, II . ' f . ÔIANNF:118 ii UTTOY .• ' . . ~\

The G overnor expresses the saine opinion iti memo-randa to his m iuiriters ; , .

M li Ibourue, 29 huqtist 1867 .l%lhn<l been ►► ble to nrv•ire nl Iho conclusior, or ti~en to cnlei•tnirï Ihe expeaInlimt that the,,*, ollecl .; u~uul► l luire been crttained or pror► lole<f by d change

ofCorervrmrr ► l, lit' wurllr( have regarded it As rns )III v to hav , r at onco1 I " linitely u C c I +l,tcA th o tou durml, rttsigualions oi tllu Chi o f nocretary andhis (1 ol( 1-agu t-s, an l l to have cullo d others to tho Council Iluitrd .J . If . T. MANnnns tiurroN .

7borack 8 1 h Novonlber 186 7 .'I ho Governor has t ec o ived the menloranlhlm of yeste rda ), 's dato subtniltedto min by thu Chief 5ecretary, in which ho recolnnlen d s, lot- the reasonsth o rv in , t,ltvd ; an immedlato i rorogation . , . .Tho ( e uvernor would reminr l his ad visors that in his Illelllo ra111lt1n1 .oftho :9 1) 1 Augnst 1 14 slaled to thotn that If ho had been ablo to arrivo at thoconclusion, or ovolt to ent ertain tho oxpectalion, that the formation of anow administration would remov o or mitip to oxisting omharrassmonts,and promnte harmonious action hotweon tho two doliberativo chalnbersof tho I,oKisl ;liw•e, he would hav e r•ep lyded it as his duly to communiailehis opinion to his aehv isers, with all y ►un ottcernenl of llis desire to call►rllters to the Colurril Board . An s t Iho chief secrulary and his colloa8uos are,th ►! llovornor knows, awaaro that ho rt+tains tho opinion I+xJ ►rossed Ili thatnlemoranllu ► u and that ho has always Iloun prol ►arod to act upon it . °

J . If . T. M ANNgRS :1l1TTON .

Tho English 0- overluxient al)provcd of the Gôvornor'r3doctrine :

Downing Slrcet, 31st 1)ecenlber, 18 67.

I must express lny approbation on tho courso y0u hava adoltod . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ., : . : . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .'l'0 lllo II0 I 1 l11R

. 1311CKINCIIAM ANb (,i11ANU03,

Sir J . 11 . T . Manners Sullun .

Downing tilrcut, Ist . January, ~868 .I s"e no r'nson to Itipapprc,ve tilo courso of con-tuct which you havo .thauKhl it neco,sSru•y to alullt undf-r tho vory I•lnbarmsing circunlstancosin wliich you l'uuno yourself Idacud .1 c~lnnul lie sw•prf~rd that Council represrnling, as it dom, so large annnlolrnt of pruprr(y and inlelligence in the colony should h ive vieu1ed thismode of lrrocee<ltny as un altentpt to coerce lhenl . . . . . . . . . .: . : . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . , . . . ., .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

U

.

Downing ttilro %- t, 1s1 . hrbruary, M GR .

the Lei;•islrltivo Council of Canada refusetl the '8ui)plfcs

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

: Ilnl~in cases in tuhirli the lutu tn

! ests ) on with tllu powr of hroventing tlw, i~ sti0ol'lnllplic ftnnls byIefusingyour warrant, or ot lroventing the coircluRion of any conUract for Lita Sntis•lnclion ol whirli no lnonoy has bown provided by l'ur1i,11»nnt, ll~ ►~211njr.~t~'s

Govcrnulent•nre unnllly to rrliovo you from tho resllor ► sibility of dociding

for yoursl+If, uri•orrlirrg to the cir'cumsla ►ues, 1nheJher ynu trould lit! wrrr-

rarrlr ► l in w irig Ihcll pottcr i► 1 or•der to p ► errnl on issue, of public /'ruuf,t

tohith lrlny a1ip,ar to you ttllcn ►lsttetrtionnf .tSignedl,

13ucr;lxc1104 & Crl>,nuus

. To Sir J. 11 . 1' . (ttANNl:na SurTon ,Sc., ,1c., dc ,

Canada, it tirlf, rmpp1ieH uH with prèccllân tH : in 1$ 56

for the reasons enuneitttecl in the following rt't3oltitiolls .

It i- cilvr d :--- 'I llnt this 11ouso not having been collsulled on tlln subjec t

of fixing any place for tho permanent svnl of l;ovvrnrnrnt or titis l'rnvinco

and Ihw oll ►i

- r• lrriinch of the LoKi-lntliru having na~~Ivi+ll llpt'r1 lt~~!' ~I n411fl11

sucli l crrunn nt t'~~nt of Uovernment : and havin ;, lnoreover .~l

of supply n ► nking provisions for rr~~cting Public I3uildinl{a it IJII~'I~rc, thisIiouso I~~els itselt' lull)ë~ali~~rl)' callcll uho,l to declaro that it'cunnot con-cur in tho said Bill of gullllly .

This rhr;olution was car,rie(l .,

It is neccllems to add that theso very liboi'itlH Who now

deny to the U oUllcil the right'of rofut+illg the, supplies,

returned to the charge in 1859, and left it motion to thltt

otrec,t in the JollrnnlH of the Council .

4 .-If (lie Lordii have not, had occasion to oxcrcïsethcir, privilegos, it, is iiouo the leKd iulivor13nlly roco-glüKecl, in I,~'alglnit(l, that they have the right to refuse

the :3u1)tllieH . One hal; lmt to open . the couStitatio)lltl

authorities to be colivincecl of this .The gencral t)rincit)lu which recognises in the Lords

the power of controlling the supplies if; (lelinecl as

followt; in tulother docruo `vhich centuries have oltly''

goalo to collil ► `><u- :'l'lïo king, by tho +trivico and consent of the Lorrls, doclared that it was

lawllll for tllo Lords by Ihenlsulves und the colnulons by lllumsolvus to

COllsllll on the Btaltl of the rcalnl, I)ro%-illo-l always that neithcr the Lords

on 1110ir hart I101' the COI111n0119 Orl t1N'Irs, should Illakll ally roport to our

said Lord the King of any grant grauled by tl<u coluwons and nssontud to

by OUI Lords brforn thn,snid Lords and minions axe ofdnno consent an,l ofone eccor~i in thnl inaU~~r,(t :uinmone report, 1860; o,)► procc duro cts (o taxation 33 . )`l' Il is clttota tiôit refo rs to the year 1407 , eighth yQïtrof Henry I V

Ub thal ocçasinn the King, in lite p rv , senw, of lhu 1,01113 ~t~iriUinl an dfor

mlinirtl r,•ysnirr ( l n>ubsliiy 111111 lht~ 1,01,41s . iti ► u► <<v~ , r, I~rol~oswl h suh s i~ivtl

1111 Ihi+ rti

~ I+ulyn n this coi ► isu the ( : (1 inmonaol 1j 1 ~~ :tr ( l as derogatory ( ; f~~ir li l ► e ;l lhorrnl~un thn King by I 111 ► n~lvic eLords d eclar v il thnl it Mid nss unl of lh owas luwful for lho 1,or ( ls . ( Cox, p . 180 . )

It is the hlt<si g of the cout3ti tilt ionltl r;yst 6 t,n tiild byVirtue of' that 1a NV, " th e Ilotiso of I .orci s >t'l .'solv t~d in1702, not to (1RfiR any lltolloy Iiill sent";ent fro><ti tha Coni-niolls to NN' ltich any c1 1 >.11sm was tac)c e d that was foreig n to the Bill. "(( 'ox, page 84 ) . We 11 a 1 •e allutlétl al ►o N'e t ot1111 t~ 10110 Ihet in 1705 .We ruttd i ► 1 .731acksto>ïtc

It is sulli tl i v nt that thw y have it ' ► ntv ur of r ejrclin({ ( ' nl irCllo t.) if the ylhu Comniuns l~~oslono, l :om

. Invi~h or uul l rovi~l i'nl in their g rnnts .--(t Illu l ;kYtG91 .

I)O LO lltiO 8ay S :Tho Lords are v xl ►vcteil sitnl ► ly niai solcly cith ► . r to 101; 4,p t oi• rrjcotlhom.-- ( I)o I .olmu, t :oustitution, book 1, chnli . 4 ) .We read in (7oX

'I•ho InnKunKt+ of toXt writers upon the right or lhm Lords to rnj e ct mun, o yh ills i- unii'orm . • Imle ► l, it woins r,lrnr that tho following r.on 1- cqnmncesWonl d allou d it 1o ;r,i of the pow e r of thn Lor &v to rej ect monoy bills 1' 11 os V n düuK th ► nt to th l . 11ou ., o of Lrn• l Is would be all ► - t1o forn ► ; nml if Ihntferia were di s l i ons et i with, tliu Irinci~~nl in i luc~~innnt of the Crown to suu ► -tnon l'nriininunt, vit : th' ; nen l l ol•unnunl S ul 1 l 1 li ► ' s woulü ~~onqo, 414 tothat brai ch of (lit! I,t~Kiqlnlurn . A(,~nin il' the Lords had no power nfrqj ec lingtnoney bills, lhw y would bu lho only portion ol'Ihu comiuunit}• hnvinq novoicn in thn in ► pmvilio ► i (if hurvli~nv liprn~ 1 by thriu In comin ► ~n w ith th e r e"' tof lhu (! oiuinui i ily . Il;ox, Institution or thu 1 ;nl;li s h ( ;overnni v ►►t, I) 1 8 vj ,

I,vrd I3rouglialll l'Nposes tth Jollows the absurdity of'w ishil>l; to refuse the Lords tlio r ight of dealing withthe suppliesA b houKh Iho Lords hn~ti novnrrrnmuicr~l th ►► ril;ht thi,y prrt o, ml to hnv e ,nsocca S ion niny rrqnüo , of takinK tho iuitintiv o in Iüllv of su p l ► Iy urt+ ► u tt niling lhmo m As tvnll + ts 11

1u houtiu of commonti : nov e rthnl f- ss in p rn c lico(h l ;y have nover ruvrndicnto'- d it, an ' i No mtty ihcroforo couclu ►le thnt,unilrronr constitution, lh t► lieuse of c omm 0 ns is alouu cnlml ► 4+ of 0 l 11 l 1 o ► rt . .ting it Hill of supply nnd that tho Lords hrtv i + not the right, on Its living ,(►►►-s ~+nto ► 1 to them, of moking any altorntions thorulo . uu•r uus•r ~ ► :cFawr ontiaf: cT 17' AS A 11 11 ot .w ; it secros 111" rlectly clcur Ihat lhis exclusit•o riKht of

---- 2.0-

D0

lho house of c ► iiunons nva ils it nMhing ~~'liilo it has corsirt,rrably intpm-

f Ied it in the exl ► ~ -d il.ion of t ► ut► lic atfairs by im poainl; ul ►on it the n "coqsttv

of exani iï ► ing sevrral 111113 wlricl ► sl ►onld Ko to tho honso of whil

e tl► oy have notl ► inK rlRo to r1o ; whenco a ri s es that acts are rejectod at the

ends of ses4ious end thwn hr ouglil bnck to the lieuse of Commons to ho

n ► ,~ e i ►~~eil on nccount of ohject ► ons'raiso t l by the Lords It w ill by readily

ncknow oi lK e ►1 Ihat th e hmnso of Cuiniuons has nôthing to gain, by this

I ► re te m l vi l , rigl i l and nothing i s more absu n l tlian to compare it,toIll,

►,

tu,ltcinl funuyions rv'rçtse I by the u pper houso ; for in the latter enao the

I ► use if Cmntnot ►s cnnnul intorfero in any lhinK : I1•+ ruatt e r In~oB its

inr.o l ► lion a 1111 huasits c .' nlt i lritin - ► in tho liousu of" l .or d 9 w nll.F: TIIM, i :oncnn•

nri \ Ch: O ►' TIIRt .nI111V Iti?lur 1,104 NF:CrasN aY FO ir'ritM cr .Anvra OF *11 IV nu.l, o ►'

AND ANY ornH:n ci .AUSr:a OF ANY uii ► , Nt•nLA rf: V t:n . This revendication

nro s o from % iulontnK i tnti l ► n ; it is I ► n -wi l on r,unnntic and 1 ► oo tio d1 sclurnu-

tions and ou totally e raKKorat "i l vi,.w+ ; it also arises from the filet tha t

. tliinKs nl ► parently tli ► , ,amu aro I,tkrn for i de ►rticnl ; that vi n e i i t vn is taknn

I•Or anothor , or that ono 1 ►roto m l ; to act roa s o w ►bly ncr.orilin ► ; to I,uro f+tn-

cins or ligores of rl w toric It ► F t eal c,l' nctiit ••,•rIi ► K to soun d logic . It -

mut also bit remarkr 41 tlutt Ilir, 1 1 o 11 so of C.oiur , nftr i r hnving Uv t nlr l I

this ln•ivili+t;o as 1 1" inK of the I ► i p h- t im portanco nn l t t!m snf-kuaril of the

o th t' r -.4 , lifts, time anrl lime i►gnin, nllow r : i l it to ho totnlly.ignorr,rl . This hal ► •

► ,n 1,1 l when It w ( ► s forcol l to +► 1 ► an i lnn the iab~uri l I ► r e l il nsion that an inlrrr-

~lir :tion t,i whicli it Iluo wr ►s attachc d wns not w i lhin tho hrovincn Of the

I,oi d s, bocnnsa it was it (I ur'stion of tin a nco ( l. m rl Brougham I)nmocrncy

and tnixod gov ornm ". r ► ts, r o trnnsln Wrl from tho French orlilion, 1 ) . 382 . )

In l:tlg ltllld, i n 1 671 ,1 it was tlocido~tl that the IIotIHU or

I,orclH ' coulll rojtuet the wholo Hul)ply Bill . Un the 1fith

May 1(i 8 ;l,~ a ci ;n i tYtittot), np l)oilloti by the 11o11 8o of (;oln-

tnott :i• to look into th e qut ti stiun, rohortod that tho lioltso of

Lords might luloht or rlj oct the nuhl)ly 13i11 .

ami the.

I,ot'rls are not to.

,tltrr such Kifl or Kr,► nt . ~. . . . . . . . . or olhorwiso to

int i, rl i oso üt pnch• Itil1, t o I l,► w+ un ut; j H.cr ' iut':9A~It3 for tho whulo . As tho

Kuil;y nn~l l~ucons by the cqusUtririon an d law i of l'nrlianue nt'nru to tn Vit

all or l e nvo n I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . . . . . . . . . . .

bonro tl ►o Lords to 1 ►►a' Or n m.C r Ar .r ., will ► nut ~fiminulinn or nlt„r, ► tion .

(Ili-port (il' . a t ;om ► nitUao Ilons i ► of Con► n ►ons ;'Jll ► May, 1 6 8 9

We find il ► Roger Nortll's 1':xftmo lt ttr)olt this sttbj e ct :

The I,o6 ls coul ►1 not mriul the lei► s t hunc lillo in a money Bill, tliough

tli t,y miKht Ihro w tli t, wholr, out, iltug, . I, Norlh 's t?xnm„n 1 ) . 461 0 . )

Mr. Abbott, Speaker of tl>,o 1Ioust it of (binll)<)ltH, r3uy5,

in t»1 otlir.i :..ll ct>tlft;rencu Nvilll tll,o IIouHa of Lords, b lt

the t 2tlt .l illtt', 1 808 .

~ If the Lords dilTrr front the l omrnons on titis Hill, they, nnUu•+tlly,

lutcr+ tl ► ry right to throw it out, "

'.I'hp h rinrihlo of this doctrine has been ltlltilltililll'(1

until now, and ltltllollF ll the Home of Lords ltnt' o Ilo ror

ha doccnsion to put thtK principle into full 1>'rticticu, it did

appl y it succesftilly ~tl v :lriotis, fin :lncinl n~ensurc~s 'ttiùiitot,tl~ly in 1$60, N~'he» it thrc m, out it, part of the iinan-cial Policy tidoptecl by tlte , IIotiso of Commous . Atthat sor;5io>It ; this thew a s recobniieI and set forthas follo Nis, ' by Lord Pe'ston, in the t;itti ltg of theGtll .luly, 18t',0 ., ,

But .' ~I ir, il l" ❑ ieniornfi lo conl e rv•1 ► a s which took 11 l 0co hetwornlit,tl ► Lluus , s of I'nrliuruo-n1 in tho year IG7I . . . . . . . . . . it was ntlmilt f •tl b ythe Attornt+ ) (r e nt+rno liait tin , Lords, although the ), c„ul,l not originnteltnilcoultl not nni v ► lil, had n, w ► lht lra th,, power to r eject money bills . . . . . . . .' Consr► iut~t ►► I~•, Ill n,linrttinti~, oR the lloust+ of Com ►non , tli,l'at that lirne an dnftertsu ► il s , in ' Ili(, y rnr I6 7 tt thnl he Îiou4o of.l .ortls have the power o rrrjrt•tinK, in the whr ► lo, as w,is th~~ t,xl~rt+,sion nseil, this Ilousn has onl yn~tu ► itleil that which it woul~l No tliflicull to deny wn+t'that with regard tohirlt, if iI l nit- i f, 11i 1' ro a•oul,l I iu no direct rnai,n l . r of giving effect to1 + - nütl . . . . . . . . II is , ! I,~nr lot itn itttthurity whnTo n .c„ut is nrtvP ssnry touivt~ it la•o~ ► oso~l r~~ s o'utiomthi, furc i , ut Inw , mu" l, by lh o v e ry nature ofIhincs, f il , fit libi-rty to l lk swnl and r!•ln so its s itnt•li o rt To tok,+ fruiri tht ►1 :- r,lcl the I u %t 1 ► , 01' ,ci sae ntinti~ to n I~ill to whiclt tht~ir n s ;.etit is now n-4 inir~~~l, ~•otl woüril n,~vd off Ac 1 ul' l'nrli a ni v nl to whicli (Ili "' n ►usl tlue ni-S t+IvcY bit I la rli v :;, or you must by it iovuiuli'o ►► iu y I l rt c e ed iog'tloslroy ourt•x Istiuti rou :aitntion .

AIr, Disraeli, lit the ;;tlmo drbtite , H poke as Jb llo«'hTho second resolttllon Is ait +t,lrni S sin ►t, tn my mirtd, a It~ gal, I ►rol e r+u ► tl rnntititutional utl Ill l4 s io ► l, of Ihu right of tilt) Lords to reject 13ili4 otsui ► I ► ly . . . . . .it ul 1 i+ cats to no that tho second rrrolttllot ► contnit ► inK as ittloou . ► iol n,Iunllllrtl, bill ami +t bsohtt„ nuknowlt+,lk ernrnt of tilt) rihhlt; of thuL,tn•,I s to rr ft,cl t ► illa an Me u'hol e , the propriety of wliich coutil not f ► y all y'un v " ittiuti on this ; i+l,+ of' 1 l 10 , h„use tir if motnnnt h,+ tiuustior ► etl . . . . ., lll l ink Ihul Iho hv con d r e oltttin ► t with all its tiunliItr4 l W rms, ►tdmits tlis-titictly 11114 l tluiibv r'at v ly the Ilowi,r al'tlto Ilouso of^Lords to r o )ect inow +y .hill4• un d un o tl ► ~- r ► l1 wt+r Air it i ►►ontor,t hrtv+, I cininto d . . . . . . I thit ► k thesW c 0111 l r,, :nlution tlislirtutly nrkni,wl v ,l g init II ► o right of tlin Ilous„ ta'

Lor i ts to r-j ''t tn„nW y Hills, iti if r v solulion which we, its if const~rvntivo11111y, uu n hl In sul l üort. , . ,'j •

The It,ttrl or llrrl>y at 1110 sitting of lieuse o!'r,ordK onthe 7tlt ,ltut; , t 8 t;1, tlitts cl o littecl the lto Nvo rH of theif l' 1ott :,c~ . o ,or(t3

Lords II1t9 the IIh~hl to ncceld or rrjNrt nny ntonvy bill, " '

" It is lrut+ that th v ro is it dispute I,t+tw,,,+n 001 1 . I ► l ttti, l s ; Itut l w rv+nro civ t 1 rin,y "Inn" Points w•hi+ l ► Wuvo nu rou ►u li► r doul ► t "r tli0cus S iun . Asto tlon b lful points, lli v y ciul oniv hn ~otllrtl by tlit+ I ' ru+lt+nct+ ,tutl tliscr,~ :tiun nf wtch Iluuso ► rKüt olitt~ly .' littl uutl ► inh is clenrt r itvr h,rltnr t st if -b li ., li,+ i l thnn the two lolloH•inK linitttt. . •I . The Iluu 'o of ( ; o ntin o nv must lirinh tri Ill .- 13ill~yf supplies : '2 . On11 w oth++r huii,l, nn~l thi . j u s lillt~s your octiun or Any yt~~tr, IN . Ilou~~t of,

C)It tlto YYtI>w ,Ttuto 18 6 1, it cotnmittee of the 1 I011s0 ofLords, mie ol'. ivh cini was file Earl ol'C.'ltrnttrvon, nv~n-ro(l,

~

in a protest publisllecl in ille journal of that day, that

the ► esolution of tho lieuse of Commons in 1 7 8 1, wlion lie saitl that it

be no doubt that if lhus o persons who ni ► wd at our in-titutiong nnd

large all 11111011111. of piohrit~' nnll intelliHeti~~n o1'th~ . c')Iuny •

the jutlgment of the oou'l. i,~wuwf: ► .t .. `

the " IIotlse of Lords might rejeet in its entirety a Bill of

Slip . ply, flny portion Whereof tit mightj not he satislied

witll, and that this act wotild ' be entirely conformAbleto the" luideniltible 'privilep of, this I'Ionse . "

The Marquis of I .allsdowlle says

'fhat it had b en tttiiformly the case sinco the revolution, for the grants

of put+lic tnonoy n,nitr by tlio othei; UoUSU to pass uniI+'r tlil% rrview of

their Lordshilts in ortler to their heinp' ineorporatra ► n an net of Leqislnttur•- .

could not be denis d : nt~l the nohl,+ End most have erronvuusly desrril+eot

lwoved the practico of= lhm limuso to be ilitferont . 'I he tact was that th,•

resolution was merely (t ;,èlar,llory of th-) Inw of the Innd . . It had heun(`+

nio~l lruly ul~srrved by his noble l'rivn~l lhÀt for tlrotlousu of ,,ttnmuiis to

assume tljol,os'e ;ns aoiio5llinjuIlicio,ustl+r+~ôdentl'tuls~t,oforttluruencituldthuir Loi I

cstnbliArnrnts coul d unhnpptly phtnin the n q crndency . the Qrst sU•I ► of a .,, i y the

I1ou'u ol'( :oinn+ons cOnstituled by t`lem, would ho to tak(+IOiSI.

l,obistalivu privileges of our I I,or+l~hi ,s.--(1litnsnr'1,-vul . til, ,

Av llell the Legisllitive Ccilulcil of V ictoria (Alist .ralia),

refüse(l, on the 2 1 st Aut;ust 1 667, the, slit,jA ies voted by

a largo majority of the llolise of Commons, tlll', I111])l',l'llll

G- ovorlnnent g ltiv e tllelll lts llll( 11AIlIle(1 Sanction, ttH to

the. ent.ire collstitiltiollality of t 1le act ; and the ( l,espitch

of the ])tike of Illickinnlialn and Chtilldo:t to ►;ir J . 11 . T .

Miinners Sitttoll, Governor of Victoria, dated the 1st

J iUlllA l•y 1 868 , says v xhressly, :

I t'annot be surltrisrql that 11+ 1 + Cottnr.il, rrl•es+ ntinq ns`In,ut~l+ liavi,

viumed this modo of l,rocrviliuh its nu nttvii+pt to c.onrcm tlinm into sat,c-

tioninq", wilhont i 1uu +Irliberatiun, u NP+wt of which the). ilueMionuil the

hi'oltriutj , „ f . 13uCKi~01,11 A v ,t (ai AN ni+s . •1 . .,

by

Tho sl~me opinion htit i lie(*n l)re~•ioltsly rxl~r~~ssv cl

nll'other cololillll illill'ker, hl r . ('lir(lwçll, ; ill thes e

t01'llls : ~. Fubruitry 2Gth, 1ttGG "~ , .whir,'l'ho bill in +Inestinll sufl~~ s th+ cnmu ~lisn+t~anlnq++ ch it

won Ii in

titis iuitntry . . . . . : . . 'l'hti Lrg y latito l :ouncil lut~l Iho riqltt to tuaitttnin ils 4~

privilequ by t;ettinq 1114 bifl asi+l++ . . . . . . . . . Von shott!+I have ütterpuso~l yotu ~

ntttliurily whon your n misters cot ►tinued to collect dues, notwithMand inq

II.--DOES THE HOSTILE VOTE OF TIIE'COUNG`IY, IM-POSE ANY OBLIGATIONS, ON THE GOVERNMENT P

1 .--7.'ller~ is ita nieitsttru clej~r.n~lillg on tho powerof the i .egisl:ituro that the governlitent can carry outw ithont the concurrence of . the Lx f;isluti vo Council .The government nittt;t render an accolult of it s conductto both 1louae.s, ttlul its policy is incotnt~letr, its nutho-rity letis~~n ecl, it'it be cotl~leuuled by o11~~ of 1110 hrtlllclles .It .41101,11d not 11Ilo W 1311 0 11 It thtllg to eZlst :

liut tho Iloiisv of I,ords has n ril;lil of nilvivn co•extensivo with that ofIli') ( :ummüns to the IloUso of Lm•tIs the remrdy of a (li<tolUlionc .l nnol luw npplird . . . . . . When a hostile vol .' has hcen t~+tsswt nkainsl anynliilistrv in ihn 11ou s n ofLor~l~, . .it ouKht tooblnih f t om tilt) Ilou so (if Commonv, nvote o f adirortly opiwsit,e mhnracter ." incr. l'iurIinouwnt consists of two harts and sinco qusUons of n(lulinistra•hou 110 not, liko flurstious of IrKi<I ilion, ntliuit of r~imi~romiso or delay, Ifth~~ro lie n~liifmrnco how,pn thcso jii*rtiec rrsiK,•tinK the comlitot of anyinniistry .'Ronu+ menus of si)4 cilily decWinh that dilferenca must bo fou 11(1 .jIfènrn, Govrriim nt of England, h . 1 6 I 1 .

tu tho circumstancos, n ministry ought not to affect to.ignoro tho con-

sure of tho lloujo of .l,orvls or to wait either for any further nttnok or theat .u,tl inlarforenco of some indopondypt member to direct the opinion oft111) lieuse of (:omnion .. (ibidem , p . IGS( .

Gladstone this sets forth this doctrine . :

1

- You lul' dissntisliiill with thnt Note , you who are tho ministors of lhc,

( : ► o\vn, } r u\\ 11o ki,( \\' t11111 i) u tni ► :iwrs Ohl ulll con, luct thlt ntGtirs Of lhr

cou ►ilr}' t\hl li :trilll l'l1 (11 liil' 1~1~\vl'r loch that cl l~' lias tak~ n a\cay

fro ►n you ; it \Nn~ lin• you nn+i not for litai to itlvite the jiull nr~rlt of thisIlousl' in ()III usltion to tllnt 111 ct:iun itl Lite, lluu~o of l'rl'rs . }lo\cl'\'rr }•ou

\vl 1111l not do sn; anit was rl~l'rct'd to agl'n1I1'nu'n \\holl} inll'•pi'n-b-nt

of Lite nllruini, 'U'nliun, to Ihl+ 11o11 . nnll learnl'll nwmllcr for 'hl'llielll to

►nakl :thl' ntll'mlll at e'\10c+lling Iho,n1lnüllirUntinn frl'nl III, dill'nln ;t . : . . . . . .

' thl+ 0~itiun . Ilts lit, lrlllu~llAnd now II t ut, mai k thr ruilnncr ( f his iOll' r

fl voll+ col .lrtllirlur}lo tin, \ollof 1Iiu,tof Llulv ? Has hethouphl it I~rulint to rnirh 11141 vVr}• SaniII issue hl'rl~ lllnt wnl rni>vdthcle? No sir, hl' lias 0hifli'd the i,,sui+ ; nmi no nlnn Ohills tlu, tssnl± in

face of If l' 4 .nl .lny, withoul It lnotive . I imita the ntll'tlliun l1t, Lite Ilnum,

to Ihl' \vo► lls of Ihltt . nml'nll ►nt'nl . . . . . . . . this Mime jnkititi in r1,11'ilIl'rnUun

the 1;l'nl'rat p-lil y of lier ~Inj~ t 1~''a Gm .rrurncut is Of ol'il,iou that on the wllole it is cn culatrA to l,ruuluto the llust intcrrsts of 111,' rountr}•. , . On

Ille tt'hoh' ;s cn',i IIIr1lrIL "l'hv~-v wmils on the u'holl' nr-, I api-n'Ir'nd, \vitll-

oul rxntnlIlr in n\utl~ of l .nl linnlvthllirp cunlllll-ni'r . 1 .1't im' \r ► Itnrh to Imt

it const ► ucliull 1111on 11 l'in . I cop,.lrul' Iho vvurlla of' the lit n(r+ll ►Ir Gt'n

-t cnlrnt in this uuutnl'r; huit i-)i the u'hllfu iul'luls ', althlmhh I 1 ► nl nut

I1rlnrvll to nl j rll\c of tlll' 1 ntlirnlur policy which thr 11' we of Lords

has con+l1 mnl'll• " Illnnsnrll, Vol . I I'2, lï . 5411, '27 Jtnin 185w )

.Lord John Rutisr.ll Hltid of the 1 I 01Is V, ol' Lords :

l' lit) cru s llih + of the I,nli c }• of it G u v I - rnml'nl by Lite I jon - i' 0f I l or .i . is It

► 11alIPr if 1'1'1• y g 1• o at 11111 , 111•11111 c 1! 11111r l'llll 111il}' II(' Clllllll i 't't , 1 I,1 c . d by the

furnlnl nl i l lru\ni Of the vnntu Ilolicy , by lite Ilouse of t :ouimun 'i 'ttl+lnsnr 4 l .

Vol . 11,12 i t . I(15 . 1

And Lord c;rry : iAs nn inllr pond rl .l Ilrnurh of lju+ h,i'I;ifilnllrrr, lhr tlou>r l . l• L 4 I,11 ,; lin-, •

llolllltl'lll\' lp(1g.~1'~<l'S a\1'ry Stllwtalltlvll 1~(1\vl'r,

:\'hlCll!-l'1'\ftIlV 11 I'UtiIi'. r .

ch .-rk ul inulhr•Lo\vrr llutls o , \\•Iuo n it 1 ► lts Ill-vil illllucrd 1 1) arl w il h

1111N'1st1111'1'C1II1tIt1U11, ( l ;r o }', l'QI'llilllll'Ittnl'y'(i0\'l'l'lllltolll, It . (i1 1

Todd s ulns ttt ) thr. ( llicstion tts i>llo w s : .

It is the ilnlll,nia111e ril;ht of l'ithor lieuse of l'nrlinnl~'nt, tn rid\'is" the

Cruv.•n nllon Illn rvl'rr.isl' ut' this OII~t ► lissltt ofmiuislur,) it (ll) uthl'r of AS

1lrerognU\ es ( I'm1i1, Vol . I, 11 . '21 1

The British , ('uloninl oflice imposes uhott ('ulciniü l

a o v rrllmrllt s the Obligation of tllkin~ c Ut;lllGillila' (4

adverse ~•ott~n of the (,'otllt~~il . The t'~~llowtftt ; is thi'~, ,► .. crt n johiltion ot bl r . (-tlrcl~~'ell, ( olollttt t

Uu\vning Street, ":G ► II ,Illnrnnr}• 1t;f.G .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ll nl from that 1~orUtln

1 cn ► Ihot, hu\vi vl r, nv 4 li 1 l ,'x 1 rl s~inK my t'ntirr dis,

of your I Il'q III lcll .in \vhirh yott IIe+tk of tho convit rri'ttcil o f the I :ounril in

llills of ~,upply and appropriation its merely (ormnl in ils nnturr, of the

allrglrl) ~U~rl', arll (if thl'ir Irglslltlivlt ril;llts .4s Ilt " f} Islllc+ ►►►t, Roll uf th 'ir

l~umplltinla l►s fri\olo ►ty tul\t rasil5' rc11► letl. Il is erilteil( r y n tntltler~ ' rluf 111(..~

I

t•r1y fol mal, lll!T EgSF.tiT1 % 1 I~' OF 'SUBSTANCE AS N'ELI . As, F 011 , to l )I sc hy 011'~sn v in winch you have I i i~i wn - l~ ï s ~~~l to I ess by . Ill-, -l ~~ci s ion of on~~ I~r+ ncllof tlu Irt;islatUOO ; 11114 tho Inincil l ln " in isa W, nl , la'Qr ► 11 I11++ to bt►vh Jw ens o p lain, and the right rulo ofc o n d uct so c!rur, thnt I cnnno ► but rog r v t~•our ht~~ inK ~I o f en c( l to Ille il~l v ü t ~~ Ili ( ll \o il rrc~ i~ r l . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . : . . . . . .

(•AN1 M Fa l .

rr` W-Accorclillt; to the:-41 p ritici p le r<, the (lo v erntnrnt

had one o f two cotirse .s- to take l° To l'ttllill the promise colttaittrd in the titiswer o f

• the I,icttt-Ûoverllor to the ('otlcil of' settling tit (! (lilli-çulty ;

L° 'l'o challenge (lie l'ottnctl and to cause the l,owo r. 1 'Iouso to completely reverse what the ('ouncil had d ecided 11 1 )0 1 1 .

But, the Oo~~rrlttt~ltt di(l not keep its promise of

The ClutuNlcir,t, C itllti tht+ cottltcillors olrl tuonien,

of the shmakc%r and it itt ► tjority of' two .,

restoring ltitrlttïi~ity,siucr it. ahrttl )ll y tijottrtte(1 the IIcus~~,~~~hich lhct implies the ri~iu s al of' the Asti e lnl ►ly to Avorkany furlltcr Nv itlt the Council ; ji t,ore o lver, it has, cottti-Itttnlly sillcr, iltltlit;ltecl . tll. e Gotutoll in th e Press ► tlttl litpublic lnretin g : ; .

l'1S('I A l1t E UR, 1 .A l'A'l'Rlh, L,1 C oN('O It D H. ► 111(1 the F 12ANCO-CANAt)i E N, " it;'llar ttnt utlcl' 1 ► ritiltlrss" and thr lloit, 1 1 1' .

. I . ► tut;uli ► 'r lit it public meeting called tllrm " tltttle -f►tctorti" (14 e411 ►r ► •rls n ►►► !%ui s ►► »ls` . It i s tltrrc'fi ► re tltiit e c v i-dent that the (iovarltturilt . clicl not, Nrislt to 80 ltlo theIlttitter .

As to the second jictiul, the (l ovo rnmr n t r<rctti•rci thr °lttt ►s t Itt,r, by t lte l .rgisl11tivr As,etul ►ly, of' tt vague n ► ho-ltttiok,Which llratrti o1t ;ïto p ► riictlltu• fltc t .

It ciicl not cause the l .et;•isltttive As5r11 ► 1 ► 1y to cletty thefi ► lloNViltg itvrrtttrl ► t5 of the l,riislutive ('o1,11161 .

1° T lltlt tltl'.htl1'l'l'Itllll'llt 1S open to l'l'118t11'l? for 11A1'lltgw ithciru w It noarly all the utr,tsttr e :; an ltottncrcl ilt tilt'

sh e~ e çlt l'roltt th e tltrult rThat the t;o ve rittne lit i5 open to volt"'nre for holding

otlic.o NMa,}, it Ititijorit}` vttryj,nt,r Ilrtwrrlt the cttstillt;: vote

8" That, the government it3 open to .ceitHttre For givingout coltsiclernlllr colttritcts, hft i nthg large Rum~; of'ntottcy

, r~~n~ittilth stults of' 11to111'.y, tutthe wltalo without th e1

Utliori •~ation of the houses and, in some oases, in directR •contradiction of their orders .

4° Tllzit the ~overtilnent is open to censure for havin g

violated the spirit and the letter of the, law in three or

four acts of Rdmittist~tioll . ~6° That the Goveitt~ipellt is open to censure for hnvi» g

violated the ftnaneial obligations of the coitntry towards

certain privt>,te railway Colnpatlies .

G° That thcP Government is o pen to censure for ltavin

pai d current expenses with lnoliey taken from ct►1>itâ

full d .7° That the Government is open to censure for having

so ttrrtln ge cl its finances, as to have only $500,000 on htui (l

to' meet ptlymeltts nlnotutt.iilg to, S4,000,000, and that

therefore it is siiuject to the reprqaclles of Mr . Gladstone

and of the most illustrious authors, by sinl ply evading

the question illstend of having fairly dealt with it .

True it is, that the Government could not have the

Législative Assembly to vote resolutions çolttradictitt g

the formal accusations of ' the Council .

And this is tvhcre the ,Toly Gov erlllllellt has placeditself in tui tutconstitütional po5itiolt .

We kllow l that , the Goverlttn e nt will ettdettvor , to

escape by sayint; : " T11r, L et;lsltltlve C ollllcll 11i15 no more.ltltltority sulce the popular branch, the Legi slative

Assembl ~, has passed a vote to nholish it ." I3llt did the.

Ilousr of`~ Lord .w 1>,otic e ainy fltlliit ; ofl of its l)ower froln .

the, filct that tlle Con prnls olle clay voted its abolition ?

Look at tllO ,Toiiriitlls of the I Iotlso of Commons ? The

follow ing resolution was carriec l

Ilrsolv e4 l, 'l'hnt lhw .l1ouw of 1`crrs in l' a rli+tnumnl i? im, l os s n w l dnn-

Foroug nnd ouRhl to bo nl►oli shed , and that an Act h o hrout ht in to tha t

purl oso .- (.1, llousu ol' Con l mons, (ith l obrunry, 109 )

The, Joly Clovernlnent cottlcl not have donc botter .

0

1

III'-CAN TIIE qOVEItNMEN'P DO WITïIOUT SUPPLIES ?

be f)t`ttl'l' able to Ill(lgl' of' (lie, action of' the Orovernnwn t

§ 1 .-tiinco the tw o mo n thc,, adjournment, the publicwllltt to know what to thittk of'the situation : We Kitl»nitt;cne co ll s tit u ti oultl priltci p lrs rulin~; th e ense and eachone »>Ilyclra w his o «'1t e c►u c lll5lt))ts . Our rrliclrrs w ill

by the fi ► llo w itlt; Iliuo tlttion :

May, page 5 ;32 .A j.rnnl from llill l ;lmlmonv is not l'IG'elunl, in I+ ► ~v . \\• thhlll lhr ulliln+lto

I1c , Plll flt 111 l ' l"I lU'P11 111111 ut 11 w, IIOIISI ,o f Lords . It IR tI11 - lil'lll'lll`0 Il0 \\vo 3' e I• .to hllo\\• thl' is~lw of puhlll, monvy, tilt' nppllralion of WIlirh II+ ► ,; 11e ► 'nailel ione'11,y thr Ilonse of Co,nunnlls, brforo it has Iorrn ~I~I~r~~lv'in ► ~'~I lo

Sl'c il, I,url oses hy'thf. nlol rolorinlion Act \\'hirh is n'srr\•cll nutll thl, ► 'ndo{' 11111 $i'S9ÎoII . TIIiN lio\1','r is IIPI'titil11' for the' pIlblio SI'r\'iC~' Allll fl1i111 i8w11,se11 in IIno nulhorily (if I'+ ► rliltnll'nl 1w'inl; Illtrlnllto'Iy ~ hlain~ ~l : hut it isliflbli` to Iuo 1'I .'\\'Pil 11'ltll jPillm1sy, if IIIP,IIIIIIiRIIYs 1111\P not 111t' l`1111tidmIG1of l'Illllolrnrnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liut thrro is nn irnvultlrit~' ill I roroFllinK ordt'511I\ Itlg I'111'11111111'llt belofl' in al-pro 4'llltlo11 Act 11113 InePll l'llsCOdmure by 5I11`h ►~chnl 1111 thli votes (of tilt, ( . mimons are rrrlficrrd \'m11 al Illsulnu rr,luirril to Ioli \~nthd again in tho nl xt session hrfon) It Irg,ll appro-priation ann ho clreclcd .

In 'l~mt;llutll, the exlm>llittu•c,of a fürthittg for ordi-nl►ry purposes without a voto of the Parliament ia w

1 f MVl • 41%1% Iioiise Inetts ~iftcr the fisett l

I

I

'urh rxl~ruolïiutt, .'I•hr nrinnrr in t~hich'tht~ puot'isioh is mniln k As follows : as snon alite

tin! com ► it~~na+utt~nl ol•tlit . srssiun as lmssilrl", u~hr ► t rt~lt's o 1 nrroit ► tl of Me

yr i't ► i srrrirt .5{linv~r lien reliortt'tl, a rt~solution is l~rt~{ u~r iu cowiuillt'~ •111,011

ol' N~• ;► y ; ~tn~l nr nns . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ihi- rt~solntion n Itill is fo~tntlt~~l, which nn~srs Iltrot ► gh its varions stnt;~'s, ,

. Iio~liril in tht+ nl~l~rolirint on Act Ion«i'd at tI ► r close of th

e thlllt, Lllllletll( o. 1(.n

and lina ;ly"► c t~'i~~'s tlir royal nti~~'nt, ltt n t•1'ry' t'nrly per ► o I of tho srs~io n

;~ ii~l Ili, H . Ir~,l ►t I bc~J'urr, th~! 'frcnsw~' nn• rtulw~~•t'rr~l to t irecl all is~u~+ of(fil' t ou~t ► li~lnt~'tl l~nti~t to mt et tlw I~nynuentti nnthori~e~l by the voie in~tll (~!y 1~t thr lis use of Cutumt its . The constitutionnl e 1 ► 't.t of this Ioro-

of Lords have assenlu l toct!o ~ling is ilt it . 111101 .0141 41nct'li nul lholiuns t

tlir vinut 0' Ntays 111141 ►ntvius, lise c ► ppru1~ri .tliï►n ()/' 1/he rublir mo ► iPi/ di-

rt rlrcl GII a t'ale~ ill siriollli/ tnl 1/10 l/o~rse (if 1't,tntnon is ino . cr•alit•c 'I hrs~,

t ;rn~'r+il fir ► tnls of a'a~s i ►utl ► nt~nns, ttl1on accottnt, I)ro~•i ► rtl by Suc~~rssi~•o

Acts of .l' ►n•hnmrnt tltiriiiK tl~o mnc-ston . in nnticil~;ition ol'tliu sI~t'citicn{~-

year has exl~ire(l, tti sl~ecit1l vote, for a cèr tziili ~moiult 611

accoiillt, h.is to lie l~tls~ed in the t'ollo\ti'lllâ n>tt hun'r .

Ilnl tl,t~sr resolutions, nlthougth tlu~y recor-l tlie Fnnl :tion o tlt~' Ilou se of

( :omtuons to lli ► -. exit i'n~iitur~+ st t Iimittt'~1 to tlirro, and nuth r S1 . nrra ► tl t%r

Ihr t :ro~~•n f, l r the ol~it~t-ts Sl~t'ciliril tli~~rrin, do not t'nnl~lt' t R Go~'afnitt "i l

~ to tlru~~• i•rotn tlw con~olitintt'~I F11114 Iln+ mont'y so nlolrr~~lori tt' . I . A t'ur-

llit+ir l ► ullioi•ily . is rriluirl .~l, in lho S11111111 ol•u rt~s lution in :onunitl~~u ( .1,

1111,41 1111:1111s, ~~•liicli ►nust l~o . ('n ► t1ollit'~I in it Itiil, ► t o I

throul ;li . Qotli Ilwt~t~s of l'arlinment, 1 ► t l'oru'lirnrlictil elfi c cnn •I ~ ;k~itt'n

to the ~~ott', t .ul-l~l~• . by nitlhoriçing th~~''reasurcr to tnko ( it of titis con-

srili'lutal V111141, or, if 11111t. I•uuo l lie. in,ullicii nt, to taise by E t~litvlu~'r bills

att,tI ► r s• cul ity ut' the funll, thr, mon~'y n'~luirt~~l to f Irl•r+iy ll~~ esl,~'n~lilurq

l o y' ~ut•1i t•olrs . 'I I ► t~ t•t,tr's in Cointnittro of : ' ulrl l lj' nuthorir. the ~•\Ir'uili .

loro, : the votes it ► l :ommitteo of way,s and menus I~ro~•itlu th s l'tu ► ~Is to mec~ l

liroln ittUon .s t mst'~sion . nw~' Ilt+ viewwt n• th,, form in wbicli l'nrlininl'it tconsidrrs it most

•cnm r ► iit+ut io c•omt'y lhwir suuCUon to Illo /t(1• ► nlt'ri ►n is urot public money,

ul1uti tliv al-pro ,priolinn tlu•cch-d hy Ille t :ommotis alono rerlyir ► 11 ► 1 I ,I rp Ilitir•

/irl'r ► t'nn/it 114111i, ► 1 !„'iqy uht'rine•tl al t/rr rlosr' n1' lise sltsiol\ 1lic'Ilort unl'uhlic iu s, Inmon~ l'+tl~'rs, Ilt51, tit's . Ii ,

The rnl'y form by W hicli the I 1ous9 of Comulons,

illlllll', ('tin iltilC fol' an expenditure of In( ll('y, 1S by tlll

address to the (,ro\\•n by wh icl,,it prtq s~i'or its rt'yllire.-

mcuts nll(1 ftlrthcr states " that It holds ltselt'- rrsponsi-

111e toi, the tlm'oullt . This is th e only c~r e (lit vo te that

the llollse can g l\'e lill(ler tlll'. Cll•CLIIn .~ tiUlCl'.S ;\\'111C11

Iltetinh that it Lill(ls its(lf to vote it at it future, (lat( l.

Such ntl(lr,:,ses, says 'l'otm, are only jtistiflnl ► le whrt ► there is no r,nsnn

to npprehrutl thnt llio suplwsrll nilv1t ► t.o wottltl ho tlr~nltlproval of by Ili•)otht'r Iltiuso of l'nrlinmottt, whose rwtcurrenco is necfssafy to givo 1--gal

t+lfuct lo au). luen4uro of sulrl,ly or approllriaUott . . : . : ('l'odd, vol . l, to •136) .

The iirst instance in which a 5overeigl> refused toreceive sllcll an addrpss from the Iïouse rilay be folul(1 in

in settlenlellt~ of it olilliTl . Ovorge IV sent the Ibllowi11I;

lie based his answer on the f'act tltt' the Ilonsc of

r_Iltitsell"s Commolls precçdellts, -Vol . 3, p . 1 :15 . The(;ommons had asked )Georgo IV, then regent, on the22ud May 1811, to I>'ay It sum of .£54,000, to Mr . 1)almc~ ,

ltnsw er to the Colnmôlls . It has silice srrv ecl aH a for-mulrt :

!t must at all tim(`s bo my most è+trn est Ilrsin! in ntlen+t to llle tt•ishes oflhe Ilou s" of Cotnm o ns, +u u l I ah,lll il o rea+l y to Kit•( oIG'ctlo thvoo in thisi m t+ulr e when e \• o r tho In eans shall have, ll v (rll I+ro v i+l - ll by l'itrliillnenl . ~

Lords had tilréndy oppoSecl the payment of this sum,and the Reneilt, llein g co gllizaiit of such : Opposition,desired to imhress on the Collilnolls the net.,essity i ofs o curint; the con s ent of the I1oii b~ o of Lords, to anthorize1511C11 an eXI)ell(litlll'l'• :

Ilatst.'ll add s, p itge 196 " bCCallse tlll', IZel;ellt Illll S t .

know ihat«•hat the 0 0111111 ons'r esol~~ud to)lt (lue, n.eo/~ril;hl, had been de fiie -l by the Lords to be due.

Todd says

This modo of ollt+lining the i ssno of mrmq it is been imluol wrly re ,~ crrtalto for i.lw mpross Ilurpo s o of ('scalll rIK t1 w nec es•ily for +lllllc,llinl ; to theIlouso of Lor(ls fortlu+ir concurroko . ( 'f,lW , Yol 'I I1 . 'i3ti . )

The same answer was g it~~~n hy ' th~e . C~ueell oll the21st Juno 1841 to all ad(i'ress ~f the Ilotlt;'~ of Collll~lolls ,

I)ray)nh her to pay a certain amount to s me clt► ilnitnts .

'I'ht '~ following e xtrlleL' fr oni Ilalsell's wec•eden ls, vol .III_, l ) . 206 , speaks for itself. "11is is an ttttltority stl~~e-rior t't' (~l to 11ltty . I~ ~ ~

The Itilis for crnntinK tho nills by Ilnti~+s Illlon mut (t ! l+l nlrlit'h ;l+l llsso +lin ll . cl'mllrr, 1 78 3 ; nnll so\•oral s~rr\ICrs!iof Ihw ,lrlny nui n+l V y nnlt o r I-tlln+r I1 ;1+1 llrr,l Ihw n \'ot e +l by II1 -, Ililllsl', of G +mm'In~ ; I 111 l no bill h 11 +1Irl~~r l tll( r r vrilltillg Ihw IIfwl 111'H O f 111e ,1i I+l\+'s to !11 . r) thontho C II•ItlKl+ofllllulitliytl 'illlllll, Ill'.fo r d the ( .Ilrlstllt a ~t rP .t` V 4 , 1111 Il! I11''lIHI1S 1111 .,

\1+15 l'll'l`1Ulil IC+I of all i111P0

1iot1 in ti1 t1~11 \\' mi IStry to d l -g lll\'P lll' i

l'arl ;+lnlrttl ; nn+l it Was thollhht that this 'nl'+lsur \t' o ul+l tljkv p Ilt l jo s oun *lllo r tho m eeting nti+lin, in ,I lnu+lrv, 17 0 . A d .ullt +uo s (', su(1 Ilooih{{ titis

p \ l'nt to h, ►p l o tl, anrl that lh ~ l'(irlitlulent ~I ,nltl l l ho l 1i s sol\'r+l In+fore anyhot was 1,11 s> e+1 for Illlj,rollri linK the land n' nl malt ( lulirs, a'hrth+~r !h~'

1li(:~~rsot'th(rl :ro\~'n in Ilny~i

l'lllututrnt \\'~~l~l+l I l (, Ilutllorit:~'11 to Il ;ly . ull~+n

(1 " ~,~+unt ol'th(l nacy', .rtrmi~ o' or+lylllnce . It +I,ui II(~(n tl sunl fur 1,1111 tr~'a'~ 1,1 y' . \t'llil s t thr se s slon of I~~lrllnni(~nt cont~nll 1" (1, to direct th'~ (lllllllcatlo u

. (~f Illly' of (110 l;r+ull s to tho ~~~rti( I s V01041 by lh+, 11011"'o of . Commons intll,it >(ission ; and tllls \\•itlyuut any n111rrol1rui1i m 1 by Act of l'urli+llnl nt .

This they had 1)rl'n tlcçtl,5 tome(1 to do from ~Ile c~+llc~~nlrt Tc(, it I~ro l lu~~rl ito tln± public s~~r•t'ior, atu! l utclcr Ih A catfide m l' Mal, h('for t the stsaio n t va s

' i

JSnnflil rlo-rd, on Arl of Pn ►•linmen t u`oultl be pas .ccd w ItiC/t, I,y nl ► I ► rop rintinqthe Frar.ts to the d tller o nt pul ► lic services, woulil thenehy conlirm and au-

I

thorir.o that proceeding . liut if the Ynrlium ► •nt shoul .l be dissolved and thesession thcreby put an enil to, overy ► esol}ttion U thr, Ilouso of Couinions► tot cnrria lil into 111'erl by it law wotild he ilono away Wit!t ; tlto votes forthe nrtuy, wt% y and ordnancv would I ► - as if they uever had bien pnssetl '

any l~rccr~lanl l'or suc 1 nn attdraesP When the opposition of (110 othe r

e ►ul ► 1► e 'flirrrs of (he Ïrrustiry and F•rc'1 ►equ ►v• tt ould be lr fl wrruourr Ftva:,NruF : rt•"► uonrrv ut• A VOIE ur '► ne llorst•: OF l .ONntuN„ to nt1l+ly,tt their dis-oretion tin1l ul1on tiieu• owtt t•isk the produae of the land and malt (tutics . . .'I his (Itlliculty was incrrns,ed by fit',- résolutitin of the lieuse of (!oiutnonsof tho I :tlt Jatmnry, 1781, which Avns CeIwrtell from n coit ► tnitteo (If* thewholo ilous .! and wns apreed to, not only witltout adicisiott, but. to juitho11•out wh,tt pncsell at the litn ." without nutch ilitfereua, (if opittio ► t III istosnlutioit ndoptril Ihoso idens of aphroprinti in of the ( ;t•atits by I'urlia•

► n e ttt, which I have l10'rc cudo-avoural to exlilniu, and dcc!t1rvil : - 'I It,itany pc ► ~on wI•o could controvtrrt that doctrino, by npplyin( ; nny"."wn t1f►n0nwy without the authority of the f'ntlinnnvut, to the public s . 11 icr, ,a('ter the l'+trliamVnt sLould he dissolved, wonld ho tihilty of a high crimeand In isdrtnvitnor . "-111+ttsoll's l'recedr ► tts, vol . III, It . aI6•8 1 '1-,

The restllt of this or(ler wtls to i~revelit the Co~•e.rll~nient from touching this ftin(1 with the exception of itsluttll amount, and Nrn5 all the I11oTe justifiable from ~the filet the supplies voted the hrovions• year coul(l ,

` nt thitt time, be, nhhtied to the tôllowing year, in casethere was it surplus .

'I' hp only occasion on whicll the Ildtl,so was dissolvedwithout the supplies being voted, Wn5\tlt the (leath ofGeorge 111, in 1f;20 . The ('on~nlolis ~~o(l it lltlnh r3tuni111(1 (11(1 , 11ot ll o'l' tlllll', to pttsr: it 'bill ; but the Lord s

~ •lep;ttlize(l llltltters by the tùllowillg resollltio>I~.

'l'hat th's Ilousr, from thi ► stnto of, Ittthlic butiinrsq, nvqmr+SCO in thesoresotittiu ► ts, nltltoiil;ht no Act ►nuy ho pati~ed to gtve them elfcct .\ (Iln ► ts;u•,I .\ol •i1, pp . IG31~-ai, ) . . .

'I'o (ltlote tl ièw out of }lun(lre(ls of altthoritie\il thet>ub je(: l

Lord Ilowick ; At the olis,olution too, nono of tho sums winch h .ul hrenvotril for the nutilic smrvico, wrro approln'iatotl, for no appropriation act1in41 Iieen pa>krd• «'tthout such an ncl, by a t;olomn In•it ► ciplo of therotictitutio ► i . the application of thoso "uma to 3tnrtic11111rs t:er% icec, wns notcunStUtutionitl or Ivtial . 1111 re+uitly allowed tllnt tltero miKht lue situ ;itimtsIII which it govt t'nmout oitKltl to act, withoul u sulyorl of the Iaw, who+ntho state m,r%ic« reyuirrll its "usponsion ; but thon theso situations musthe tutlorr"'et n and tn, rittthle . 11'11 tniuisU•y, with theireyvs open . Itlacetl1111,111-ulves itt it situation in which, oit llto ono hnAtt tlto Inw must I ► obroken, or on tut other the cot ► titry must bo endnngt!reil, it cnlls for themost solcrnn ro ► tsulnrittioü of 1'+trlinntout .

Mr . Mutkos : llo \~ns nlso rJady to admit, that thoro was no Itrocntlontfor an answor Itko the prosrml, but wo11l11 tho lion . lioutlentnn show him

--31--.

House to this grant was known, and that House had an c -q 3n1 power withthe Commons with respect to grant of nloney- ( Ilear, h v ar,) he deniedthat this Ilouse, as assert e d in tilt) ternis of thu motion, Were -, sutticient "of themselves to make good a money grant . All the hosl writers d own to131ackstone, surrly not one of the lei}st nuUlorilirs, 1l ► 1,1 this ► loctrine . TheC omnlons, in devd , had the right to original(, and apl,ropriat 6 . This no ot)e,fortie i l, but it was equ,111y und eni+ihl e , that their vot o was not decisivo orbinding ullon the public without the concurr e nce of the oth,v , Ilouse :--( Il ;ln s nr d X \ pp . 350•351 . )

Lord t :ranlsworth, chancelier of the I:xchcquor : The Ilir_st_will bear inmind that it is n o t only necessary thnt all money n•hich is,' to I„ i~nised forthe public purlw~o should be raised by the authority o

fu `nrlinment-that

it is nKt only necessar~~ that tl l e money fo rai~e i l z I ► ol~ I,o a pprollriata t;^tô particul,ir services by the authority c►J' Parliament, S ut the «•is,lom of

this 1l o u 4► ; or, at an y rate the usage of this Ilouso, ha a dde,l a furtherrestriction, nnm c~l y , that no money, although I,lg,llly aised and legallynl► lir„I - i) i,l,+ - l or assigned to artiçulnr servicvs by this 4 louse, can be usedwithouo the sanction of a I3ill of «'ays and 1f ;,ans . . : .l . . . . We are not init con d i,( on ulliortnnat„I y-I say so Ilecauso in this I instnnc ( .✓ thn rule isnttF,n ► Ir,l with seine public incon~~ ► +nienc,--w► , are I(,t in it con,lition toissue that Inouey, though it b e .vote,l in su p lrly w itholl t a bill of Waysan d1lcana. ( Ilansaril, v ol .1 36 , p . 1310 .) '

§ 6A.=It• may ho seen by the foret,roin~,'qiiotatioms howinil~ot;sihle. it is for the Cro~~cviment ô raise the leastl;um . No issue is left ol~t~'t . ~A

-13et~i<les, sul~Z~osittt; it. woiilcl eveli ow wish to ask avote of' creclit i'rotn the, Ilonse it côulIi not obtain it . Thesûl> >ly bill is b~~(i~re the Legisltttttre. It ht been voted bythe ~,(~t;isltttivo Assembly ; it >Intty fro n onltty to anotherbe voted by the Legisltttive ('otut~il and heeomo law .In t;tich a stt>Ito of' tliiltgs how (ia1t ybii lisk a d<ittblevote l ~f money from the I Iottso tt» r~~cluire it to grantmoney which has already been Soted . Constitutionallaw is tt};ttint;t l, t

To give slll, .i,l,es ill ,on suhsi ►lics is not 115 al, In tt ► i t8Ul year of Ilonr yuth,) 111, tl, rn was un► nemlcr Innislirl 11,r pressing for more shsidies,

When sul ► ~t,lie, had heett grauite,l 1 ► 4ure in ti'arliaiuont .And uoto ► , il' nny new project was prolu l,±ll in l'at;liament, for raising ,

sul~sillics ( r, sul,l~lics, the Colnmons usu~lll y rollliv(l thoreto, that theyWero net in~tr ► i, tel by their Ih•incil~als il 11 1. matter ; or that they (lnrs tnot c.'~iiscnl to such tax cic„ withoul ~cinf~r ► uco with their . c.ounti • ►+ .

IV - G'AN THE C30üVERNMENT T3OI2ROW CONS`I'ITU-

TIONALLY P

I

( 100S > lot Oxiat in tllis ' cnsr .1" In the tirr;t , pl ►tco tll m-e .-i~ttt ; t be it deficit, which

wIlsthvhr. (31 \ let . Chap . 1),27 S . 2 )

oirrr,ding six per conl per annuln . as tin Lir+utonltnt Governor in ('ouncilmay uutho•ii o : Iltu such lunlls ah,•lll not vécverl thw nmount or tuad pIICII'llcln~ ►Il ttw c ;li d ctlll 4 ► ' Id 6C4 l rr1 v l Ill►~1 fllll f l, to Illoot (110 chargesIrl, ► c~~il lll~~re•on I ) ~• l+t~~• nn 1 l sllnll not br nplrliuri to an)' other tn ► rpos o

.y .'': . ho Li ulr~nnllt•(io vv rnor ill Colmc~l may al--4o, from timo, to timo in

c~ls~, of rxiK,~nay IlrisillK out of fuilur~~ ) l' lho ra~•onuu from unforosoonr

,;lsl~s, ~lilr•rt ► 110+ lrra"umr to r~il'~~cl any lrr~rlr i l temporary loans charge-

able. otl tilt! rrlltsoli düllr~ i l rr~~~~~lur fun~t in such mnnnor rtnd form, in such.111101111t, Ira~~,~lrir~ at such too rio~lç,lnrl h~~a ing such rates or interest, no t

sit s •The 'l'ruttsury act, 35 Vict . Chap . 9 , Sec. 2 Stil) . Sec . 27,§ 1 .-C t111 the nov er~iment borro~~~ '1

trly iorl ► i(lclctl . -A~;ottrral loan, uuteiclo of tltese conditions, iF3 ül)SOllt '-

:?' 'l' k ifi lotttt (' titt only l,o tthl lihtl to obligations creatèclby the la w ; l,ttt Wcuttin t~ the l ill ut' stt~~hly there are nonlilig;tttiotta incurred by lttw t ( r tttost caties .

-33-

. .lhe Government has been fllrther extended to lforl~ i anyétérson"fro myoluntarily lending money to the crown or to any d o partment of stato, forpublic purposes, without the sanction of l'arliament un - or ponalty of amisdemeanotlr . (Todd, vol . I, p . 454 . )

It is a»< elc>;nentnry 'pririciplo of constitùtional la«that is universally endorsed, and which has been in-variably practised that

The principlo w•hjch forbi ds gifis or lonns of t

Ifesolved :-'l'h,lt Whosoever shall hereafter len d , or cause, to be lent, byway of a ` lvai>ce any nloney upon ( ho branches of the KinK's revenuo, aris•ing by t`ustoin R , excise or hearth money sua Il I)o j udge j l to hin~lor ttlosit t ing of Parliaments an i i shall be responsible for the sanie in Parliament .;Journals llouse of Commons, 7th January I 68 0 . )

The comptroller of the I:xchequer iü the return to theinvestigation instituted by the lieuse of Coinmons on

•lniblic moneys, in 1857, ( Vol. IX, Sessional Papers 'of ,

Fox :-Tho measur o' said to be going through the country, by way of areconltnendation from Ilis 11ta'esty to the people, to stand forth and assist •lh~) execulivogovornment with voluntary subscriptions, he had evor holdto be entirely illegal, an d a moasuro tho most dangerous to the conslitu•tion of this country . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .Parliament was now sitting and yel. ilig Majesty, by his secrotary of

l' . i rltan wnt had refused .

The Bank of l:nglan (I is forbidden to t on d any money to the govo :'nmont .

state was now borrowing money on his subjects without the intervention ofthat liouso, when the constitution had ov e r and over a gai(h declared thatnlonoy sh,)II not be given to the 1(ing by the puopio of 1{nglnnH throughany other channel than that of their ro Ii rosenlalivus in l'ariiamont ; (May,l'ar,innlentary Ilistory, \'ol . 3, p . R3 - 87 . )

Uoncorning a prqject which em anated from the E n glish llovern mant in 1794, t o raise public sllbscrip -tions, we read in Massey's History of George III, vol .IV,1).77 .

Sheridan therefore movcd the following resolutio nThat it is dangerous and uncoqstitutional to ask for public money,e ither in the way of privato ai d , a loan for charitablo purposes or as at- uhsrription for public lmrposes w , thout the c , ,ncurl'enc,l of l'arlianlent . "The project oflho ( ; overnimnt was blanmablo in 1 ►riuciple . It wasun .cotlslitl~liona) and in no way calle~l for . ' l'ho Ilauso of Commons has lhoe < c 1u s ivo right of granting supplios for the servico of the Crown ; and aninlnl viüato app eal to the publie wilh the object of obtaining aid for thei rI o Kitimaw ~ervices is a violation of its rights an d privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The I'arliament might sonne ( Iay r~~fusii supplies for the increaso .of.thoartn

) *, and the next day, a ' royal decreo tnight levy the fwnds which

Iiore follow more allthoritic s

the Iioiise of Coinmons) eays :

8

I

it is certain that tho Governmont dit üot wisli to Qct in an unconslilu•

ti O nnl mann~'r . its ohject was~rigt ► t ; but it did ► 178 . l ~►nsllatc Îlfrom the

to a^comi l ll ' h it . (\lasseY, George Ill, vol h, i .

frcncti ► liages 77-79 .) . `

The folloW in g c1 116tatious Will provo that tlii8' prin-

cipl'r, sô clearly defined, is Htill in force .

Irird 13rougl ►nm .who tilt," suhscrihn, ll ►ose who conlrihnlo to raisn largo f ► m4ls

I•h~,sowwilhotlt the nuthority of l'arlianulnl, must ho ilrrl~nrod to abandon the

constilulionnl doctrines of some of the ablest consUlutionnl Inwyors nn1lhighe"t colistitutionial aulhtiritics who have over Ilourished in this

country . . . . . .. Irroln the molnent the sulferancn of Parliament, thi+ toleranco

of tht+rv'Illect,lbill cl,tsses an(] the political,-not to say parly or factions,--

. zcal of sorno nllow nuit I ► i•r~ist in allowô loonser,utrlco of thtatowill`antlit}li,unily and without stint or control, t htlitl~l inrvltahly he , to loosen lllofounltations of,our irarlialnontlry consti-tiUions and to raise uh a new trailo in this country, for it is drivrn as a

lraile and for m;ml'Y--- it-is driven as it trnllo for the base lucre of vain

rnaking, tho 1'reIrXt as Illlllsy as it is stall', of patriotisnl, I rnrnn the trade of

conslanl political agitation . And be you well assurell, ►ny' I,ord, :if that trado

ho contiuuiA by not being ilisconraged and snll'► rrtill by Dot being checkell,

thero nrvi-r will Ilo wanted hersons to carry it on, I►ocauo it rrqu ► rt+s, of all

tra ► ltl'A' : tll-' meanrst nccomlIl ► tihments, the sllorlost npprentic,t•~Ili l ► . . . . . . . . .

My Lords, I will have this country governed by tl ► o Crown and by the

Parlinlnout (Ilansnrd Vol ., 83 . i) . 38 . )

Lo ► w rtl!itmi•:mal .l:•-No princi4 ►lo was botter rslahlisllcil than that anyperson Iondinh m( inoy to tho l'rcasury or to'tho Crown without l'arlia-nlontary Sanclton committetl a nlisdomcanour against the Stnto

. In lllo

charter uf• thn Bank of EnhlKnd a clause was inlroduced forbidding.

doalings I16wcrn the tlank and tho'l'reasury exa+pt snnctiom'4I by the

Crowf ► t0111 l'arli ;unonlary authorllies .-(Ilnnsnrl vol . 161, 1) . 887) .

~• 2.-The Colonial office is hev ere in this respect .

`Vlll',11 the Victoria (Australia) (Im'r.r llllll'llt Nvishcd to

horrow 111 o110y W ]tllollt 81 11)]lllt'i4, the i'ollo NV ing r6ulolls-

trtulce Wa H sent to the (,ovcrllor by the Colonial 'S l',cre -

tary . Downing Street, '16 Fobrinlry, 1866 .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

to It~• ► intrrli~~sI~11, with all the wi~iglll of your atithori ►y,iul yu u o u~.hl have . . : . . . . . . . . .l

. .. . . .. Still . more. . . .

. ewid ► 'lltly .wns it your duty 10. . : . . . . . . . . . . ..•. . . . . .

N`'ilhhoh l your pw rsonal co•oix•ration fient lho schenl v of I ► orrowiuK m or ► i+ y

in a mnnncr unnnthoriscll by Iaw, 1 ~ay unnuthorisvit by law, I/ocauso

the loan itsoll' ha l l not 1 ► eon sanctionsll by Alto L e tilslatw•o of V i ol toria, and

hccnl ► s i 1 the julltinlcut Whirh ennl ► lcd you to rr lmy that loan, 1lavinK Ilun

olltni11P1I its it 1\•Its, can be rrgardeA only as it forru unll o r colour of which

IIIC 51111slallc o of tI10 lA1V Was oVni t e ll . •'••••' . . . . . . . . . .A'fOrltr l ]ttfrlf00f Illtsf

p,oc~r~liru .t Me Ass~mGlU has rtnto ISrrn Ilirs o !t'ed w ithoul an appropriation

ncl, anit She bcrr•o w iny (rom the lrank lias Gt•trr contirturd .

-_ 35 =":•

Under lhesp circumstnnces it cnnnot, I think, he denil-d that nny snbjectin the colony wns rnliUr.~l respecuully to nlllironch his :~overeign, andconlpInin that, in thm one ca=o by tho wrlh~aI concurre ► lco, and in thootlnvr by the Ilersonnl co-operntion of tho Qnwwn's representative, ho hadhet~n deIlrivell fora tinw of lho bcnwlit ol' Iho iofnedy which the constitu-tion of Victoria provitlvd, 1tKninst irregular ncts ofpower on the part ofthoh.recntive Govoruiment .• I ( In not see in the Ilingultgn of the nildress t ► ny-thinl,• disrrslwctful to Ilor \tniesty, or othc+rwiso worthy of censt ► ro, and I8117110! GN! 11P1;►►uti,lc-l!(e. (hm! Me ('oil!')I(!fltLS of the pft!(IoliPl'S pl'AjUS( .

h'uw^nn (1An ►1wt•a, ► . .`Vo give sotllv ext .racts from this p etition to 016 Qttecn

that Mr . Car(1\v ell s tii(1 \vt1H well grounde dWe ft ► rther desiro tu )irinK nnder your \tr josty's notit ,•n thl) following •stlUrin 4, nl nlndo by his I :xcullency tho Goveruor on tho 28th Selllember

'' It tht ► s nllllenrin({ that thuro was no Iiowrr of dirertly' nplllyinR thePublic Itevenun itsell'to tli,, purpose for whiolr it ., W.+is grnntell, the firstohvinus ex1wdUrnt to provent th e injurious cuns ,fl( uuncrs which would .inovit ► hly l'ollnw frr,m thu ~,ontinuwl suspension of t~n+ I'ltblic Ilaymenlc,was to•horrow mnney, il' Ilossihln, for it,,, (IischarRu of the Iinhilitius ofgovrrumunt . On this point IOh, ►II only observe lhat . . . . . . . . . I have thoopinion of the old mentbers of thl- bar thut lier Atujosty's local g6'ernmt-nthas I 4- g a lly tho power to enter into cyintrltcts hinlling on (ho Crqwlt for)wrlroscs of lt )mblic nnlure, nntt neces?nl•y tin, cnrrying tin (lie prollehfuncaiuns ol'qovernint,nt, inclu~lint ; conh'ltcts to borrow inonuy for thejlnylnrilt nf ~~xistinl; 14-gal public liabilities ., . . . . . .\Vv nru t'orlilir,d ► n our virw by tho opinion of nlmost .overyGarrister of standing in tho Colony, th+ ► t thu govurnmunl havo i ►ot ' - legallythe puweï• to enter into contrats hinding an llto ( :royvn, for tlttrllosi s of apublic nature and neco'sllry lin` c+► rry'ing on tho proper functions of Kovern-ment, iudt ►ding contrllctr, Ill horrow tnonoy for titi pnyulent of oxisiingleg,ll puhliu lil ► I ► iliticy, " in 0141 llhsunco of an Act of th- ► f.elçislnluruylil+cilllly llnlhorisitlh lhem . (Addruss from cortltin Ilulitioncrs of Victoria,Ihet ' v nlhOr Isli ;l ) . , ~~;

IAs may ]lo seen, M r . Gttl•clwell settles thti quos lion at

oner. -11 ( ~ .1 11ys (io\vlt the titCt t117tt 11 (ao\'urllu~ent etltt-;tlot horrow 1 11 o11ey to meet its rxt)u ;t><set3, witllout tlui a n -thoriz ;t3ioil of' Parliament .

1 t is, thrro far~~ possible ll-ltit those. who le>>id itü0nu.ÿ, totime (~uel~~~c` (lovorlluleni: arts gtlilty 'of' 1,11es(leroctlrior .and litthlu to loso tlieir lnolley .

V.-CAN THE LIEUTENANT -"(3OVERNOR AUTIIORIZIRS

%EXPENDITUIZE WITHOUT A VOTE OF SUPPLY P .

I

. , i

hase laid clmii the constitutional principlefl

. , 1tlle colonlill Om~e. i

which ovWmü n - itmni$try i Wlthollt supplies ; we willnow looVintô the ineceil 611 I ts «•hich Nv tll'show lis howthe F.n lish (~overntne~it . }ticn~ ► s that these l irinci~~lesshoitl~i~~c respected : A(~ov ernor was dismissed, inç-rely ~ecause ho - hiul,nllow ~,d_ his ()overn~~ent, to «,hointhe 1`,egislatit-i~ Coruiçil had refuscc ; the . supplies, to '

.,pay the necessaxy e x pensi.~s . The energy of the colonial

office in this instance must nive us,an idea of the . im-l~ortanco which, il ; l!;nql~i~ici, is ~nttach~~d tci the previous

sanction of every 'piilZlic; expenditure . We have stillanothèr precedent in . Viétôria, two years p re v ious to the

jus t quoted. 18ir Charles Darling, the Go ,one we have.vernor, after having w isely resol vècl not to. allow lisadvisers to incur iui y'illegiil ex penses, tillo«ed hinisélfto be circunive iitecl, and ended by allowing his mlills•'ters to borrow money from a hank ttiii (l to l)ay the em •p lo~ees tivici con tructors . - Itere follows the opinion or

I- 87

Downing Street, November 27th, 18 6 5,

you were leg d iy nuthor ► xed to borrow from a Irrivat~~ l~ank largo soins Qf

~••••,• • . .,, . In tl ► is'stato of the law, \

your Kovornrnent, with yo p r~anction, prevaile d u pon one of the banks in which ,t " l ' rtblic Account '~was kept, to lend you or them certain sums of money, and to c• ► rry that\nioney to a solr► rate account which was to be acted upon by you or th e n ►witl ► out the concurrena5 ol tho Au d it cornmicsior► ors ;-and it was agreedthat the hank shoul d , at once, Ixetition the 8uronto Conrtttdh o p , ner; Act~ü Vict . for repayaient of this loan, that your government shoul d at oncecol fess judgnient, and that you should, thenoulwn, e mtb,e th omi to repayth - ms - Ives (- ut of the Public Accon ut, " the antount they had place d tothis new amount_

I d o not quite clearly un derstan ( l whether the c oncurrenro of the Auditco ►nmission -rs was nwcessary, or was obtained to this rolraym -nt. Butthis is of minor impnrtanè e . The elGect, practically, was to transfer thepublic ntoney out of the ~• Public Accounts "front which the bank couldnot ordinarily issue it, without the Audit commissioners, cert ►Ilcate, toanother ac>~ourU entirely w ► der the control of the governnient t'I he money so ohtaine d • has, I ur ► derstand, be,•n al ► pl ► ed by the I;xectt-Cive Govornm e n , to the payn ► ent of salarie s , and I suppos t~ to other i ► nme•~liato I ► urt~o s cs sl~~~ci l ic ,i in the appropriation bill, which the Coui ► cilro l'used to pass . • lainfer that it is by the. extension and continuation ofthi s process that the government has b -on since carried on . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Néxt I ( lo not un t ler s lnnd ort what groun d it can have b e en i ► u i gined that

111011"y on ),ehalt' of the public . No authority is alleged, and I am t►nabloto conjecture an), . The only excuse for such a proceeding woul - I hav ebeen an overwh o l ►rting public onterg itncy of such a naU ► r ol as to justifywhat was not jltstilied by the letter of the law . But as I have observed,,you had nlr e a d y ilrclared that no such emergency oxi s t oi J . And you werer i ght , no suclr eniw•goncy ►ii l l exiAl . If l i a,vtnenls were legally duo fromthe Crown to public ollic ors for salaries, or to any other persons on anyaccotn ► t, it, was o pen to such lwrsons to recover what was so f lue to tho ► nin the ordinary course of law. It was for one or the other branch of theLegilnturo to pel d , or for both to compromise their d i M- rencu It was notfor ). ou ►o give it victory to one or tho oth r party by a 1 ►roceeding tin .w ar 'rantedL r+ith••r by your commission or by file law of tho colony . I mustp oin ( out that by stch it proceeding tho Governor apo the Governmentwith the cool,rration of it local bank inight ; nl any moment, withdraw anya ► no ►rut of public fun ds from the • 1 Public Acco wi t " to whiclKit is counter-~S iK ► i~ td I ►y law, and place it c► t their owq comman d , relieved from all thevhecks with wh ► i~J ► the Legislature has carefully'surroti~le~l it .thirdl)•• as to thh v s p enriiturt► of thm mor ►eys thua ohtâin'vi, I lin I it4t :!lict ► It to su ppose that by the Crown r'tt n ► ed i es and lia b il ► ties Act, thel .egislaturo inten ded to enable tho governn ► ent to dischar~ , - " without itscon c urrence, tl ► ose ordinary exl ► - n'ses ol'govornment which it rosor lt os toitse l f the right to re-consi der annually . It ► uay, prrhaps, be doubtedwh e ther o(lice•hol f lors, who are under a standing noticr

'that their salariesare depen d ent on laws, anhually I ► asse d by the Colonial l'arlinntont, wouldfit) treated by the ti411 remo ( .oi►rl as having a claint upon tho governmen t~ indela.~ntly of any such a law . But it is not' alteg ,,(~ that the SupremeCourt was evt;r callcd - ulronto give j u d g ► nent on (lit) question, and yo ► t donot informrno of any law which would warrant you in paying away anypublic money, oxcoltt undcr th e authorit y,èither of such a judgment or ofah . au~litors, certilicate. • • - , - ,

I

2 8

A ; at Irr osrnl all\'iselt : th"reRlrr o . I uni of orrillion Ihat it, tllosc thrl'e r~, .,-

Itt'Cllill Colll'l'lill~( ~Illlir ' ti w'itllOlll A7111C1ioI1~Uf ldw : in c .,1111-actin g., tl lilrll l

with ut t~ ,tnctiou of Iaw' : and in l l,wil,K sul ar ir's w'Itllout ". anction of l ;tw-

fjw l h a t' e dclulrleil fi-mit the pi-ml'' rle . (• trrullny o ► tnorrtlrr . l !n/ uln'self

and nirpror'(vl by nte- the pr'itlt'll~ie tu ri!/il! nr111 e 't'n('e lu /lie l ; Ir . ' 1' (Ir+ 14 y

regret this . Tho lJu~ ;'n's It+'pr+rsrnluli\'+t is ju s titir.' , l in rl o 'fr+rrill : ; \I+ry I ;lr-

I;ely to In; con~liltlLnl ► al . a(I\i~+'rs Nil nl .itt o r ., 'of I 1 + 1 li(,y or 4 '\ un of r i luity .

lit► t ho is inll w r .tti vriy l o uun d to \v l ► hllni 'o l Ili,! O ur'+'n'saiulhllrity from all or

4111 y~ of lh w,e In ;tnifcally unlnwful' t ' roc" vi lin g-Z , by vclli v h onr 11 o itlrn!

Irart}', or ono nn'Inlr('r of tlt' p a.rt}' p olitir, ; is a•cn som nlly t o 'Inlrlr(1 to rn-

d 1'i► \ (lllr to 1'<t8l o 11`•II its l+rr'I l UIt di M ;lnl'" IICCI' •I lllltll - 'r . I ltlll Illllt~'sllr

V lllnl all tl► w Ilonrst and inlr'ltii!i'nt cutnni 5~1,.~ will c(rnrur with me lit Ihink-

in g lllltt lllr l i rr\\' .'rs of thr 1 :r(1\\'untll;hl ni'tr'r to ho tl . i ',I to uulhllril . ', or

f+Uc ililtll f ++tlly'tic.t w~llich isr/e+I11irC d fur all ilnrll 1 ' 1 Ilatu lrolillcul Irln•I i os I ', Iru t

is fol 1r ow 1.,n ir\ .I iw, '. ~ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :, . ., . .

,Illlll111rV `:lïlll, Ihlili .

I Innk f + e v'r'r}' atlovrllnc oi for Itw posltion oflllr Gov e rurv of it colon}'_

who linds Ilinl<yl 11 rulli0 iip on Q. his r ~, 1 rrnsilrllt lnini ,41 '1 S , \\• i tll the c (In-

rurn+la CH of tll±+ 1>l'Kisl A li\ e Assl rnt . ly',,to nllot i t, for ON ;, I,ur pou' ot'(r\l'i'-

Lolllllll; all 111)Ïll e It' ;It ' ! ~Illlit.llil'}'~ Illt il -s tll' e S" 111 111 1 -il' Ilillll w 4 111 1A lUllillllr' ,

Irul wllicll, Içi the olrinion•ol los l o gnl ull\ are w'Ithin Ih~~ tl'ttr~r l•t'tho

fit \\' f

, I 1•+inn(lt, i1ow('\1'r,u\'o h l i xlr+'r'ssïnf; n► p la nlirrr+lis>l'nl froln that portion

of \' o nr rl~;sl' ; ► l h ln wllil ll voit spIVIk uf llul c(~tlclnrr'n~r' lll' lh o (amllm l in

i3ills of su m rl y and AlI rlqvi,iliun u ; ul+'rely f(llnl ;il No lit; nntrlm, nt' t w,

; ► llrgr i l d i :~ lr'R+lr .l or thw ir I .+'I;i s ll ► ti\l' ril;hts as insignlGrunt and of t1'r'ir

l .oln p l,lints u ', tl•i\'i,l(,lis Iln d v +►sil}' n~futl'(I . It is r v i d ('etl}' a npi tt o 'r not

rnrl('1 y furmltl, Irut I , a"

'nti,llly or t`ulr s lan er as \\' o -il it, of torm, tu I u~s b yarl to I~n cs l o ~', th -i 11'~citiun A

in tllrt \\' ;Ij' in \\•hicll you hli\r~ l~~ .It ,t~l\•i . '(Inr~rr ; ► nch I f the I orKt s lutnrlt ;: an d t.llr Ilritlcïl i lr' ,,, in al~ iw nr trr Ille

to Il+t\•r unit so p l a in an d tllr right rulr o f con- tilrt su ('1 - ',ir, tll+lt 1 c ;ulnlrt •

luit r+I;irl yoili•htt v in ;; rlrfi 'I- rr(1 to tllu a+l\Irr a•Ili+'ll you 1+ +'I\r I . ., . . ., .

. .. . . . . . . . .✓ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l v1U\\rll .

I ► o'.~•I inl ; ~lr,'rt, \Inrlai a,ill, •It+Gli .

Wllh ri'sl++ c t to ~u('ll it 11l1'a"u'+' .üs that of hnrr,~\\ in} 111-11"V . in +l nl a n-

tll'r uu\\+trr ; ► nte(1 by III\\', Ik'i' th" 1'111'I,050 (,f o\r'rtillh a I'ublir in(•nn\•l'

111 V lll : i ', I IN 11 - t that I .11 1'(' d Ilul I 'Irl ► 5t~1~'l', 111 llll' l'a- of Ill,! I'ot1101 .011s an d

llltr'lllkPlll 1'llllilll'llllty' \t'tll)'1' ( io1'1'l'lllllr'tlt }'i111 all . l' ;Illi'~1 l ,i ❑ ~tllilll " t~'l' ,

N'llllt ~IlOlllrl COIISIIIIIII' s IICII an l'lill'I{lr'lll'\' Ilti to Jllstity' 71IY\' rlo'I Ill'lUtr '

fr(~n ► 111 +' Irltrr null sl~irit of, this It ► \\' . llut I lhink it is rl ',u' tÎlnl tt s

nisters an-l•in connrctlon \c ;ll ► It 11119 1110-'11 Inol"_1 } " l rl_ . .

I I Ilrbll '('ml'rp'n(,,y hall erisrn in \'i+ttorl,tti nuit Ih(Il 1r► ► nlsr rm rnrr/ lrn 1 l l

st?-1 ire, t'ilhr•r by Ille srheml'll luillll/ rl srrrll't! to r(Lorrulr 11 ;9 I roril n ltltfi .

.(ir by any other meuslu'e nul swl( liurll'lt lr!j the L r qisluture if I iclorin, Ir(I .i

not %usli/in b !t. . '

Sir C . Darling himslllf Ilna t'r'llorlr+l tr, Ina his opinion that ttlr~ +Il(lirlt t\'with which lit' had t y liral 11a 4 1 been Irr-)uKht alunit by an o\r'rslr . ► inv I

ex-rciso of thl'it` Iww'rtr on the part of Ilutli thm rla'lllrr'ralivt' l :humhrra, nnd

tl'rll concession onr'llh''r . vlo, ur111 ► Ilr+rl lit lllo Iruv sloirit of lho cunslilltlio n

auld intnlcrti«tcly w ln( ~\ r it . Ill. Il+lli 1Vcl(trrrl this opinion t•r his mi-1 hi5 Itrtcr-

39 -

ntinalinn to n~lol,l nO'strll not strictly anthorize,l by law . I ftllly alllire-ciat,, the dillirnllie+s which wuui,l haro nrist'n from the continut',l conllietIlrtwec'n t11,+ two Ilnnsils, follnWt41 as .it ~~•oul,l have h,'l'n, it' this ► ,orrow .ing hr+'1 rit Iwo n msorle,i to by a continu,r,1 suclicusi(~n of 11111 llayul,+nl oftllrt snlttri~'s to tilt' pul,lic ~er~•ants, exc,'llt tm,lcr proa'Fs (If- Inw . 13u1, ifconstitntion,ll Govrrnnlont is In Ito cnrrie,l on at all, .sta ch d i//ic•I(/lies are tobo' re+nore,l by eu ►► cessi oul tnn,l'+ in the spirit so jrlstly in,llc,lte,i by SirIlnrlinK . 7hei, tire riol to he rernor,•,r (,Ir,•fgurar net .5 of l,orrt r . Annrchp,~inli,'e :l .lnay ullilunt,~ly'r .'suil front cnlltïnu'~,l nplrositl in In~t«'r .~ ►1 two cons-titntr,l authuritltts, inch ohstifintvly insisting ont its crxtrtrnl,+ riKhts . But .an n•chy h a c t• i tnle n(re,t,lr/ when Ihe /%rectrlire Gt+rernmen( t'otrustl;ll withpower for (lit, maint,'linrce of public ortler and tlv+ I,rutectiun of 11riv(ttorights, us-s that liow,'r for t1,+ ;turlro-;l+ of illegally ~clttin~ I+<i,lfl tho nu•tllority of olw I( •I+ncl+ I-f ihw I,eKislntnrr, and of uvorhrnrinK thot ,iec•isionof lll(! ti1111I','ll w Court, nui 11i'IIrlVlllt ; lll,! Stlllj"ct, ('%',SII ful' 11 11111N, of, tha tWhich tho Court Ilas ~I,', i lc,l to Ill- his . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . : . .

It is f,pr \ nu t , l ,'n - luire, n o t w he th,•r lhw rr s nlt (11 any s t e l, w hi,.ll \ uu nlny

I,t invited to t lk . ' w ill ullrrat , ~ -n f,l o, ur nf lllis body or of 111,tt, uf onr Ilufi-tlC a l . p tll l\' m, Ulltltllt'l'• llnl w 1 w t1U'r it 19 111 Itsfllf ll' r, Itllllllll , 11 it l w C1 o '11r11'wm trur v tu 1,1 w , yun w ill r e fusu colnllli,tncu, ami w ill illfolrr+ ) our rui-nkt,'rs 1h,tt whill' it, all lawful m;ut,'rs roui nro ,1o'sirous of being gui,lyd11 y th e ir rt fci, ', you 1111 v I ! it ll' g ln'r ;in,[ p;u•itmùunl iluty, w liich i i toull :c, l r tlu' rristltlg law of thc colony .

C,\lulWEl .t . .

I)qwniltg Street 11,1y'25, 1866 .

As rr.rnr,ls the ,khlu•si'm,'ilt of jnltli,; tnl,nrys, and Ille llni'ron•inl; of a1•un'1 for tll,lt Ilurpuse, if your I(-h(11 n,lvis,•rs, rut,t tilt ., ( .o1111uissionl?r ofnn,lit are s,Itislb~,l th-ii thw I,lym,'nts wIl cll tnny lui in tlllr~.(j, ;lt op, . nuthn-ric,',Î by tilt- la\%', lll,'y' will, nf cuurst. . III . ,IiscllnrK,vl in lh,r llsunl rrtnnncrout of the r,•gnlar Illll,lic hal,+nt es . . But II' it t+hnli ngiit Ill) Irolsed tom,ik,' n :r. !<•1 . 11 p ;IyInrltt : in Aul Oxr,rlltiuu+tl rnannwr, witltuut IIw usll ;ll~ rUlirtt,' . nn,l mit uf ;t lunA irrrpulnrly ol,hinr',I Ill lit,- \i•r► v in wlliuhill ., 11111 .1 nt ill .- London cll,ut,'r,',I Itnnk of Atl,trallil tt•..is ul,ittint',I, youNvill o•, fuse your u, :uul, and ,j► ,1 I iynwnt, out of it are illebal ;tiso .

C,uluw ► r .l . . ~. ,,, . .

At thr lime of tlir rrilowal of the crisis in Victoria onthe 27 tll 11111'('llll)l'r 1877, tllt', ( tll\'l'rllllll'llt ('ll(I('it1•ouredto have the hrotiotls clrc+isio115' of tlio Cc)lr>!ttitil ofliccrr\1 hrmr(l . In i>, ulrnu► hul(luti l I► ll(ll• e ssrcl to tli o 'go\-ernortiir ('laa5 . Bowen, dated 31 llechlttllhr 1877 :; thr llllllls-t,t'l's tül y r

Y ,Inr l :\,',`IIPIIc1"S it,fvÎ~,'rs llaYtf had tlll,f,!r t110ir s,'rli)l15 1'ollsltlCr(ltioll\'is, ourlt ( : .ir It1•rlt's,Ioslo,Ucl1,'s to Sir Cllarles Darling in tht15-66 esl,eeiallytllasc of ':Gth (l1ullrr IN(i,) will 'tfith hnunry IyfiO, nuit aldn those of l,nrlG i•a n v illr to Ilt' . FA r1 li,;lntorr, w Il,in gov t'rnor of iV"w '4outll Wales tlated16th turne 1869 and 7thpnunry 187(1 all of which have lie,-11 Inlhlislurd inlllesu co'oni,'s . In th(' ~- e st .+to hnll,'rs it n I Il,+~iu•s to ho l++iii down withr(,sl><'ct to lh,+ issu,, of public mono}', that Itlo Gol'ornor luusl personall y

,- ~

40 =

anti independently of the advico' of his ministers and of the Colonial LawUfücers of the Crown, ascertain~what the statute law is, and what thepropPr interpretation of it is . No public inonoy can be issued withouthis wavant and the 4erious and critical duty which the dospatches enjoin,iy imposed ulron him personally of ascertaining and dcciding when ho canlégally sign such warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . ., . ,, . . . . . . :6 ., . , . . . .~:~fi F,t~y}I • ' o~selicit y ~+~~ nu~nlion to the •fact .

that up to the year 1862 the custom of this country was to ahply -public money to the services dl' the ycar on the report of the Committee of Supply

to the As5t~mhly, Without waiting for other Logislative authority whntovor .':

In that year . the (~iactico of sending up Supply Bills to the Legisla ivc~Council was commetced without alteration of the law .,and hasjin o een,continued as a mattElr of public eopvenienco . Thi•refore .ztttler the same .law as exists now, foSmer Governors habitually ~s'p(ncfc~warrants for theissue of public mon~y, although the Cougcil-,find' not sanctioned theexprndilnnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

. ., . . . . . . . . .,

Your N \ c ( llency~'s A~~serS~desire to fix your attention • n the factthat hyZimply rectt.rrin-9 to the former practice, the state of auarchy andconfnsion coitEerjuent on the stoppage of suply by the Council can beelftctively tri~d constituUopally avoided. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . , • . . . . . . . . .

. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ ., ., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Your }?xcr•Ilency will note that the romédy your Advisers sugitest for a

~ sorious .ond alarmint; publia danger is not to suspend any lnws, or to hw~ ;

recour se to new and unpr e, cedented devir,es, but sim ply to re x iv , ; . the

original and constitutional I 4acticô with respect to public exl l en l lit li r OGn A ttn>i 13}:111(y,

. . .Premier .

Sir Charles ]3owe>Ii forwarded this document to 'London . The followilig is the answer from the t'ob-_nittl office by the presen Secretary of the Colonies .

(~`olrgram]

j To Governor I3owcn,hebrupry 24nd .

I►Pmorandum 31st 1)ecemher rec ived, also telegram from !'resi~l~~nt ofthe Council . Your duty in this que tion is clear, namely, to act in ac-cordance with the r►4vice of ministe , hrovid~•d you are sntislled the actionadvised is Iawful . If not so ~atisliéd t ko your stand on the law . If doubt-

ful as to the law, trav«~ recour s: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .'. . . . : . . . . ., . . . .. . . . . . .: ,. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[l3y 111 il ]Do ning Street, 28th Feb., 1878 .

Sirl

I

I0receiverl on the IRth instant, your de patch of the 31st t)eceinher in

which you tran smitted a memorandum, s'gned by b1r . Berry on behalf of

your advisers on the subject of the stop(ia o of 140-s6p ilies arising from

the disseiisi on bet wo- en tttn two Ilouses of, lie-Victoria egislaluro .

The general principles which shoulrl go~ frn the conduct of the Queen's .

representative, in circ t imstances like the prosent, havo boen,fully and clearly

laid doâ•n by s everal of my prelll'cessors, inrliespatches with which I per-

coivo you and your. a6 isers are fnmiliar ; at~d having regard to this des-

patch c,f the 19111 f,oplember last, I should not have considered it nrcec•Fvrv to give you any instructions on the subject, had it not been I hat I••wasdesiroiis to precludn any possible doubt as to my entire concurn•nce in 1114,opinions of. those who have fi-ece(kd me in this office . . . . . . . !. . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..hl . H Ilici :s Hekr.n .

. . . . . .

To Governor E3owen, ft .

-- Thtf provos that the principle forbidding a Gox•ert~c~rto allow of any expendituie iutnuthorized by the 1x ;;ts-latur6 is, under the English constitiition, irrei-octible .

\\l. ~ i~~ .

. . . .

BEEN CONSULTED•AS TO TIN ADJOURNMEN% VI. - SIIOULD 'TIIE LIEiITENANT GOVERNOR .II

OF THE LÈCIISLATIVE ASSEMI34Y

. ~~

\

once a(ljo~;rite(t is howerlëss -, llo' ordel• can 1Sr~lu.', . n o

S I .-For all practical purposes, tllc3 a(ljoltl•nlnent ofthe I'Ioltse is l'(1111vtll('nt to a prorogation. Aut}lo`ritiesmake a(listinction between a ,.state ~te»►pore vau;a lionisand it state scdenle curid . By an adjoii lunellt the 11011se •is in l'CCetiS the Stllilt', as by a prorogation ; in ~I1Ç stlllle

manner t llttt ill)sCllcl', is similar to death, 111so lill' , il$ 1)el'-

6o11i11 ltltel'cour . ' tulcl acts are conc~rnc~d . ''11o I I~Iouse

x ju~iglnv'ilt ctill b(.~ rell(lered, the le,j•~, t~ act ctll ;ot be tic-complielletl ; the IIoilse, for the time I~cint,r, does riot exist, .

o Parlittment (ioth not t;ivo lirivileqe (emporn v n m liolti,c, sedcnl ecw•üt . 'Modus trnenu li l i a n iain -nlum, 11at ;well, 1t . 63:)- Ï 1

'I•he memhers of a b"Rislalivio +lssrml,ly, 1,4:fo11o its first meeting as l wel l

I

as during th .- intert•al dits sitting, have, as w4 sliall c~eo heï•ealler, smnon ecessary l~ri~ ileg~'s as such ; but the assem~)Iy ilsolf fias na, autl~orit~• •and can oaercito none, t xcol~t ~luriuR a session, 1i nd •~~•hilo ttïo asscin ~ly i sduly orKahizcil for tho transaction of business . (Cushing, 4 96 )

A 1)1•otrilcted adjournment, we play sa -is-_iil 01 1tradicti0 ~l to fhe Soverqign's illst> netiolîs, `~-llo lias ca led

the session for tlie despatch of business . So importanta clepartnru from the regular ml>.nner of admillistrltinggthe public affairs is ti lnatter of grave importancr, uponwhich the Lieutenant Governor or, in any ctlset} ;eother IIonse should be consulted .

dôw~l lly Todd :

prime nrinister to submit th saine for the consi f leration of th u Crown,

flint our I .et;:slatures have llever had the right to al-

l'I,nll;rinio minister is bound to keep the sovereign duly .ilrformnd Mall I,olijical everits of importance, including the decisions o f, l'urliaineW ._ ..__..-----u pon matl e rs of public concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . :i . . .So sootl as tho cabinet have arrivvd at a decision upon any important

que- lion, whuth ow lngi s lativn or ad minislrativn, it br,éonr o s lh o '. i Ititv of tho

( 'Ibii,l, vol . 1, 1 ) . 231 .) !

2.-'I'hr. Americ a n constitution, w hich is the ~%'I rittenexposition of the unwritten British constitution, coll-taills the #'ollowin t, clauses

Neithcr hous o +iuring the s ession of fongro ss shall, without the coitsen tof the olher, adjourrt for more than thrvc da y s .

And this is >;lothil g 'new. This, provision was inforce when the United States were as yet British Colo-nies . The ilo llot~•inb was part of the chlirt~~r,of the Stateof New-York . •

Nrillirr Homo* luis a power to n~ljourn for more than two da}•s ,t~•iJ hont inittn~tl cons, - nt : and whrnover fit(,)- ili s agrre, it cwifrre n co is tol,è I,nlil . ICI ~irtc~r of Nrw-Y o„ k . )

]3ut hr>~i~ is sonièthill~; more to the point . It seellis

}olll'll of tllelllst'l\'l's . ~l~lll',• Legislative Assembly of s .

111 W}ucll the follotv111 ;; may b e found .A right to lirovent the tlousi 6f Commons from ad jonrning , t~,en,•clve~,

lia~ t,r~•rr• horn claim,~,l in' I~,n{,~lan,l : it is claim, - ,l hc~wc ~ver wttTi r,~giir,i tothr lieuses tif Asseml,iv in 13ril,sh Co!onif S. (Toil-l t'arliamentary I, tw, I) .

And this pretension is, it seenis, in accorciiillcC withcollstitiltiolltil jurisprudence .

!.--- --The NIn~ttiutions of tlre English l'arliament and the Colonial Assemhlins

ntccs'w•il~• ,lilfrr the lutter cannot evrn a 1 ljotu•n lhçmselvos ; this is ,lonohv th- t~r,cnrnnr who,ts rel,rosentativn of .thn king is tho lirsl br,utch o rthic sul,rihnatn Irgisl,tturo f(,'hiltv l'rerol;py i,), p . 3 7 I . .

l'•"ery l :ovrrnor is forl,iii to sulfrr (lie Assen )l}• to a dj urn itsulf. (Stokes ,

The duty of the Premier, 111 such a case, is thus lai d

tipper (,antula, in 18•10, orc}r,re(1 the prilltinb of it book,

13rilish (,olontos, page 212 )

I-Iere, more or, we have the instructions sent to th e

I

then Govern They were much more detailed than atpres~~nt, as th e k>IYO~~~ledge of co n stitutional law was notsupposed to be so diflûsed as it n ow is ; the fact beingthat all relating to parliamentary procedure is nowomitted . These instructions read :

As l :ov . rnor in•chief, ho is one of , tho constituent parts of the G eneral

Assemt,ly of his Province and has the solo power of convening, n,ljouirn- ~ing , l ) roroguing, ilissolving thoGeneral Assen ibly ( Instruction toGovernor .) ~

Iiere is one of the numerous forms of adjournment in 'that sense by it letter sent to the Ilouse .

heen thrown out, the two chamhers have continue( o sit in confurmtt y

Mr . S p -nker + i nd gentlemen of the Assombly, I do hereby adjourn theCommons llciu so of M sC inbly . until Monday, the eighth (lay of January

next, th en to meet fortho despacth of business an d it is accordingly a d -journed to the 8th ( lay of January noxt . Given un dor my hand, - on this 20thday of Urceinber, 17 6 8 .

/ - _

§ !4 -The Legislative CcSiin cil of Victoria, lnicl downthis theory clearly i n an ttddress recently presentcd to

Sir J . F . liowen; (~xovornor or that province, dated the2lst .iïanuary, 1878 . It 'watis as follows :

To His Excellency Sir George Fergusson 13owen, dcc .

In the e nr~y part of the sitting of the Législativo'Ass embly, on the 20th

I)ec emliO r, as .wo have since Icnrnt : it motion was carrie d that the Assem-

hly at its rising shoul d a djourn until the 5th F e bruary ; .an d at its I u inQ

the Ass o mhly, havint; previously forwprd e d 'several Bills to the Council

for their concurrence , adjourned for six weeks without anv concert or com-uninicntion with the Council . . . . . . . . . . 'flie position of nÎl'airs as regardsthe relation of the two houses of Legislature and as regards the session ofl'nrlintnont h is thus bec ome anomalous . •

For the carry iiig out of Legislation it woNltl appear to be an essential

feature of Parliamentary usage that tho two Ilouses should sit and trnn-sact busin v ss concurrently ; ind eed , it is clear that the business of Legi,-

lation could not be satisfactorily carried oitjodny other nianuer bctwrCntw o cd- ord inato chnmhers . I

I n the pre sont instance, all adjournment until the 5th hehruar y . without

r e ft- renco tb the Council, was ugreo - l . upon ►n the assembly, wh~I st the

a p pro priation Bill was )'e t under discussion by us, the unmc•diato cun-

sryu o nce of which is that Bills considered to. he of urgent importance are

in a state of suspense, from which they cannotrescued until the 5th

February .A session of I'arliamont according to imperial usage, although nowhero

dp lined, has its limits, as qsontially recognize d and as carefully observe d

as those of a calendar year .In Victoria, this usage of the Imperial Parliament has been followed and

the word, e e ssion, ' hns be en used in many'Actsof l'arliamânt as ind icating

a c e rtain period well understood ; and even on those oxtraorilin,~ry oc-c a sions w~n

~0 ti, unforUtnately as now, the Annual Appropriation Bill has

-45 -

a•ith ses~.ional arrangements and to transact the business ofBut there has Not no prece4enl for the course„adopled, %

notice the cirr,umstanco that the interruption of I'arliamp itary proceedings ,

chamher should ad'qurn for .a period of six weeks or abou tthe ternk during w ttch a session orvtinarily lasts, withou tronsuiting the oth r, or making any provision for carryingmeas► .res w~der t}iu consi d eration of l'arliament, one of wI ►uiug an expiring law (tt ► e 'roll 13ills) ought to have corn uon ihu Ist January .

Tho I .egislalum consisling of three orderr, ]fer Mn3rsty_Legislative Council and the I .eKislalivo Assembly, is lw %late without the concurrence of the threo orders ; and n oto be out o/'gear by ► eason ô/'Ihe adjour n »vn! of one Clconsulting rtlhvr of the otl► er two so far as we are atoare .- And this lewls its to remark that a constitution, howevfo rt in itself, may soon bo!como inoperativeand fall into dth- component parts refuse or negloct to perform the parAicularrluties dv-volving upon them . . . .

.. We desire further to bring to - •oi ► r 1;xceiconcy' s

in tlio ► uanner alluded to, is without precedept, ►tnd is: a ~Iuparturo frontfile si-ii it of l'arliamt~nlary~ institutions, and that file Çôy ncil is, in no man•nwr rest onsiblo for the mis•arringe of 1vgislation ca ► tsct ~Îhwreby . (Addreasby the Legisclativo Council to the Governor, 2 1 Januar 1137 8

The doctrine promulgated by theI .egi~lof Victoria accords with the E' ilglisll .cloctr

The Ilouse of Lords cannot exercise any authority as anient or ns it Court of error, unless the Ilousu of Conim osamo timo. (Lex l'arI . Sir Itob . Atkins, arg . fol . 51 . )

§ J . The precedent furllish ed by. Vil t0: Ccl;llt 0110 glveh by Quebec, suhi)or ~ th

mttllor w ken lie says : .

the country . .iz : that oneno fourth ofso much As

into i,t«• tilt)

ch fer contih-nto operation`

ho Queen, th eeriess to Io g ►s-> -, il may be said

n ► nGer, wilhou l

r goal and per-srol ► ule, if auy of

11e .]lousp of Parlia . 'is exists at the

, . .., la, and the I

; follow ilig

'l'1► r Into disposition the co'onies have shAilm makp ► t ap~war how n ces- /sat %• il was that Ille I ► ower of a l,jourun ►ent shou~~l f i' loi ~1 in tt ► o Go-v~~riior oniv, ai - ~i not entrusle~t with the lieuses of] Asse~i ►h!y, (5to kl',, g•, 243 .) ~,.

From what ktrocc~etis, it must bo'côll ludeci thti tthe tubouilllneiit of o'lle of the brallehe of t o Leblslti•turë was a serious prôcèi~clint;, ttn(l 't lat if t llc I.iellté-uallt Governor does not ç ailll the xclltsi~ p ~ right o

f adjourningthe Iiouses for \ tl ëxtrtio di3lnry-llellgth o ftim e , he should,' at j etlst, be c ii stlltod 11, such i subttictsinçè . so lnltc~l iml~ortz;llce i attach ~d to it z~ud tliti tthe retlsolls given are so stroll I

V11. - CbVLb t#PIIÊ Y,MUTENANT Ç#OV^E12NOR LAW- :

FULLY SANCTION BILLS AFTER TI IE ADJOURN-MENT OF TIiE IiOUSE .

10 In l .tibltillcl the p resence of the Sovereign, or hisor her deleg.ite, in preselice of both IIouses is prc-rem ptory for the sanctionintr of b ill .4, so lnucli so, thatthe preamble of all the acts llttssr& by the British Par-llilllll'11t reads : " The Queen's llioSt excellent Maj l?tity byand '%v itli the advice and consent of the Lords t; pirittitrland temporal, 1111(1 COI11111o1iS, 1 11 tllis 1)rl'S (I'llt, parliamentttssenlbled, its foll ows .

Canada, which àcioptod the saune form, altered it Nvitllthe sole objèct, according to the statute, of abbreviatingthe preamble .

The 33rd Ilelity VTII, cluip . 31 has lbi•ever esttti•lilished this doctrine in the l'ollowilif ; terms :

1I1 . 13o it declared by nulhority of this hresent l'nrlinmetit tluil theKing 's lioynl assent, by his lett~~rs piitentunuler bis great scitl oritl signrmwith his hnnd and declnnod and notilled in his nbsonce to tho f ;otdti spiri•tua,l and temporal and to the Con1mojis, assomblyd togothcr in liirh Ilouse ,Is awl ever was of as troc;(( strength and l'orco,

11

Tllis'(iecree, in 1 55 3 , was cn>!lfirméd, nmplified andeypl,tiilled, by the following Avords ;

May it hlenso your liiqliness, lhpt it he declared, by thn'anthority ofthis pres-nt l'arliamenl, flint tlio Inw .of the 13 enltn is, ditd alu'al/s hasbe e n, that the nssent and consent of tho King of this lien lin to any act ofParliament ought to Lo givr,n in his own lires,,nre, hring personally l,ne-sont in tho Iligher Ilouse of l'nrlinment, or by his lotters patent under lusgrent seal, signed with his band, dt•clared and wililii~il in üi+ +ths nco, tothe I,oms si-iritual nml totnltoral ; and the romnions, ~tssen ► hIP'! ingelher inthe Uighcr llouse according to tho staU+to matie in (h(, 34th year of thoreign of Ilenry V111 . (1).-clnrntion of the llons-i of Lords, 1553 and pne-amblo of tho act enacted on that iisseut . )

Sir E(1lvarci Coke, the great Parliamentary authorityt;tly s :

11'h o n 13ills have plsse d both 1(otisc s , the King's Itoydl asSent i$ not tobe given, oecopt, by commission or in person in p resenco of bothIlouses.-(Ist .lune, IG21). ~ 1

rl'Iie, .StllTle doctrine is -evcry«•llere found .It must be aliotveri that after a bill or an n(!( h,is ho-ii read throotimes

and ~liscus"r~l in thu lieuses s+lrar,tt• ly, and that tilt! King Ill I~res~~üc, ofboth lieuses lias given his sanction thorrtn, that it is nn Act of tilt, King .111.14,01,.1 4111.14,01, tli~, «•liot~~ nation,-(Sir ''In~rnns Smith ( ;ommon«•ealth'l Q C, `2 I ) .1Î, Lex . Parl . G1 )

-'I'llt'1•e is ilot a single modern 'ailthor who seems tohlvj a shadow cif doubt that the loyal assent calï-

-Tr6T~hcr11'isc be given .

§ 2.-Tllis "t)ractice was so contitalltly tutci so strictlycarrieil out in Eit~,rliul(1 11iktt >Ilotwithsltulclillg its ill-convenicncrs, the King llcl•er sollhht . tc) t+~•acl~~ theobligation of appearing hetôru l~otll IIollsrH (rs sr»ib(ed/ogether, to sanction a ])ill :

It'tl King Colll(1 have stilictiolle(1 a Bill ill the tlb5eneeof the I Iollses, the followint ; proceeding, arisiilg 'froliti'ort;etfnln'éss would not have occurred .

On the -th 1lfarclt t785, n crotmni~sibn was 11111111 . out and Itnssc~l theGrent srnl, for giving tho Royal As~vnt to sI•VCinl l,ills ; hut li%• co1n0ntHnkr, the Malt hi,I A•htrli had t,ns~ivl huttt Ilpnsvs, \\•,is I'oft ciitt . Assoon as this tv .sdiscovered, from the list of billa irnlk• for tho, Royalassent, not ;at ol• this error was 'Kit•eit to tho Lords, and it- expresse-1that it nrRht he rectilietl by i~stiinv a netv conimis~ion wliich \\•,t9 thenreddy, ,lccordinRly no In•oaoetiing t\•its had , upon the first coutiitission ;but another cotnmission, in \\ hich the trial( itiil was includeA was Ire, rarcdctnil pnssetl tho Great tieal, and the hill nnutr~l in it rec~~i~•i-1I the . Itoynlitssen ► Ill,) ui~xt d,ty, the 8th March . (Ilatsell's Precedents, Vol . 11 I) . 310 .)

I

Iienri VII I . was on his death-bed w hen a law wasintended to be'piit in force . As he could not go to •Parliament, he caused afac simile of his signature to beaflixecl to n .commiséion, since lie could no longer write .The validity of his Bill was attacked, " Because HenryVIII had not signed the letter patent to sanction theBill ;'but that one William' Clerk had stamped hisnanie théreon,"- (Dyers report P. 93 . )

It is évident that the royal sanction rather than, theperinission, to aflix the royal signature to a commission\i'oUl(i have been rc(~iiested had it been possible .

Had it been possible for the King to have sanctionedli Bill, irrespectït•e of l

) ,oth IIouses, it would have been

much simpler to have him so sanction it, rather than tohave liim 'sifi>ti a new cotninission, all the more Ho,, thatthe close of the session was delztiyed one day.

Another more strikint,r exannple Atill . exists, and aBill had to ho stuictioné(l illegally in presen63 of bothIIouaes, rather than that the sovereign should sanctionit on his ()elith-be(1 The personal sanction cloes notrequire the personal presence of .the sovereign ; thesanction by commission required that the commissionhe si,rlil3d .

3.--If we closuly exilnlille the reasons that have~;ivetl risii to this strict legislation, the severity ofEnalish hractic© will be botter iidérstood . IIearl~ ll%ysdowlt the pri>Iicil;'le which governs the questiof>. .,~

\\'hi~n any Ivl;ul chunt;o was d«sira, .llw commons pôtitionod the Kingto nuike sncÎi chunaf% and thc long with tha n(lvico of his Great CouncilIlhat is thm lieuse of I .or-1s) assonteil to thü rt'quusl, tülher whctlly or inpart, or refu se- t it . 13u1 it seclm to liavo been un-ierslQo,l tliel On reportof tlie rorna 1 ons was it conditioti lirece(lcilt to tho exerciso of tlno LegislativePower .--1M1 . ,

'1'w incoiivonirnce inciilomtal to this syatmn soon bocamo felt . t;omw•lin"s the statut . . ililfored materi,illy Irom the I~etilion . anntotimos it ditnot ,ven ro .enil,lc thw pravt!r or the 1~etition, but was frama,l in a manuur~Itr, ~~~ll~~ ~~~~ntrar~~ to its spirit an~l to the intention of lho ( :om rons . . . . . . . . . . .lit tlii+ 1':nl or l : dw tu'd ill . for examw,~, the CommonQ hrayed that thepotitionc answerild in the G'rmer years nIIKIIt ndt ho altercli or chanRei .In tint ~iKlitl) year of lirnry the l uw•th all Act was pasml wliidh provide kthat col tain of thu Couimon Ilouso shuuld hm lirosent at the eltgrossing oftime l'arliuml-nt roll . . . . . . . . . . . . At length tho Commons adoptnd a nowespediont, They suhmitted ter the royal usmnt a wlition cont+tininv\ hits-if tue orm of tho acts .-•tllearn, Goti•ernment of hngland, pp . 54-58) .

14

It will be now understood that the conditions im-posed under the reign of Henry VIII, that the Kingshould sanction the bills in presence of both Hoiises,was suggested by the necessit foi; self protection .Sovereigns often kept these peitions seven or ei ghtyears, and in most cases altered them ; thus. the Parlia =ment desired to be present at the sanction, to see whatwss - going on and to assert its right of causing to besanctioned only what it itself had adopted . This is itsp.rivilege esttlblished and expl ained.

The~~cond ret~son 'js shown .in the following qitota-tion :

The change in .1'arliamentary l'ractico, from proc edure by petition to pro-

sent in order to witness the âctt ; of the Sovereign upon

coduro by ~ill, probably Ird to another, eequalLy unforeseen , but equallyimportant consequence : In former times, as I have said, the ICing alwaysshared in the delib e rations of l'arlicunent . The proceedings of Parliamentseem oven to have been irregulqr, if they w ,ve not conriucted in the Kingspresence . Tho moclus fPnrnd! Au linmvnl u rn, repeated y insists upon thenecessity for the hèrsonal atterüla nce of the King . It declares that the I IC ingis bound, by all means, to be personally prosenl in l'arliatnent . ( Ilcarn, Uo-vernmoul of I,nglan d , 58 ) .

.Tho practico of pr esenting petitions by the Commons at tire end of thesession rtppoars to ha ve I p •en cornn i on until the reign of Henry VIII .(Cox p . 132 . note . )

In former dttys, th e presence of the Soverçign was ne-cesstLry ' cinrin g the w hole session ; not % ' . he may onlycome to I'arlitment to sanction Bills ; but as the iieces-sity of his pre sence has be e n renonncetl on that ticcoiit,it is absolittelv necessary that he should be present inthis case, failing «'hich, all the labors of the session, ,Woiilci he fruitless .If there were a momeyit di irin r thu e 5sioli whenthe three branche ~• might not meet t~in i be brott ht to e-

ther, there «'oUld lk~ no Parliament at all . g gOn the other'hand, the.IIoiises insist on' being pro-,

their labors .These latbors are m 0re'ly preliminary discussions .Ilotrh 1Ious0s lin l"e, sought to form an opinion oncertain subjects . They might discuss for ever

without entlctlllg il single la~v . For the s ame reasonth e results of, their la b ors are pre v iously sent, tothe. Sovereign . And here Rirliciment exercises its trite '4.

, V,

I . iftinctions . The - trhree branches joined to ;ether andagreAing on a Bil ' make it law .

This-law is spo1 faneously created, because parliamentthere' present so ,,ills it . ÎBut is Parliament there if oneof the branches i missi>!ig ?'If the Gove,rlior and theCouncil may con~l~let~~ a la~v in the absence of the

° Hoitse, ' inight not the Gov erl ior siinilarlp dispense withtlie ('ounctl ; and l if oïie branch of the, Legislature maybe dispensed tviili, tinder'the pretext that it has pre-ti-iouRly consented there : .) on anothor occasion, could, '

and attorney, of whpt preeminenc~~, sintn, di~nity or qunlity soever re•be ,

not the Collncll illltl the Assembl.y uniteçi pziss . ~-law as .

well iii the ahse,~tce o.f the <<overnor, tuider ithe -pretcxtthat lie had preNviously conseüted thereto, by * authoriz- - .ina • his aciviser to sui,init the méag ure .

~ . . ~4.-A thir(l;'rt~aso>li exists, reiidering tlie I~,o} al assc.nt,

in presçnce of both IIouses indispensable ; it is this

In short, all tlrat~ ever the l'eop'o of 1101110 rto, the sanie may be

done by the Parhdment of England : which represents and hatÎr the

power of the wholÿ Kitrgdonr, hoth the head and body ; for ev ry Iinglish- • .man is intendr'rl to be thore lrrosent, either in lrerson or by )rox}°

froiïi lho PrinceAlie lie the King or Queen) to the . Iowost Irerson of En-

' gland. And the consent of Prirliamont is taken to be every man's conseht. li .ex . Parliament rio, p' 70 . ) .

This statuto or act is placed among the records of the kingdom, therrneeding no forin promulgation to gi%~r it the force of a law because every~ in En I anrl~s in jurlgmont of law, lrarty to the making of on act o f

I

n an . gP[irliament, heir g presont rhereat 1~y his rolnesentalives tf3lackstone,Lex . 1, chap .-2, Co . V1 . )

In other 'ords, a la w is not ln•omulgated if it is not~ so done in l resence of the vvhole country .~It cannot be

said that ev'er }~onè is sitl~posed to be represetited at thesanction< of ~ilis, if one of the Houses is absent . Now,the ad'oiiry,inent` of .one '1101180 is the ofl'icially esta-

blished

tia seiice of that I-iouse; and of all ~;~hom it'

ret~resénts~ ' .° In " fact,~ the votes and proceedings of the sitting at

which thej Govèrnor came to sanction the" Bills, coul .d 'not do otl erwise thnfi state sucht absence . They say

'ï At threo o' Icck in the afternoon, Ilis HOnor the Ilonble . 7 haodoro Rol;ii- ~taille, Lieute ant-Governor of the Province Qf,Qriebec, having takou hisséàt on the t rrono, the clerk of the crown in chancery severally roadtho- titles of fie. Bills to be passed as follow s

. . .L

The votes aitd d; ~ procee rngs omtt the usual form relat-ing to the presenco of tl{e Legislativé Asseïübly: Truc,'the eaker was there, but merely as a citi4err .

W}'ll it be presumed that the speaker can relnesent

sanction of bills, the lireserice`of both -

thé 'Tousé under such circttmstances ; when h et~ée~~, in any Nvqiy, iiitthorizec~ so to do. ~ speaker of

himsolf can clo nothing, ahsolutt~lÿ nothin(r .Tb- ., ~ak r IS sairl t . b ,±not the muulh, h ~010 Ifousc . And hr~1rco it was, othn .ut ~sh~+n ICinti~ c'h i I1+s eVeS, d ~th

es ► eakvr on his allegiana, to discover c,~rtaiin trinsact elc

., in thel~ouso, he justly rr.lrlieil. t ionshat ho 11,111 neither ~> > > .

~ ~, 277 1Page 277 .) but as the ll,ruse shall tlirt>ct~ 111111 . ~(1.exal'arlü ►nicitanar,

§ I.-The Joly Goi•ernmiq it has violated these prin-ciples by i~clv isin; the I,ieitte, tnnt-C.oN-erirors to assentto, bills during the absence Of One of the branches of th e Legislature.

If there, were not a positive rule iznposing, for the

Ilouses, we niibht~ tuiderstand that there «•oulcl be it doubt in favor of Mr .Joly . 'But what can wo•set against the formal rule ?Precedents ? there are none, tuxli over page after pageof the Joiirnals of the Hôuse of t`ommorrs Rru1 you can-riot find a shaddw of >\urecedent for the Jolycabinet . ~

But we are mistaken me may be found not 'accord-ing to the inodel which we must copy : the Britishconstitution . . We find them'irt ituperfect constitutionsgranted to distant colonies ; N hich menris thât you arenot to look above but liojow

;Nv have not advanced, wehave receded:We (10 not l~rï~tend that the pr cedents suppliéd by .the colonies are not wortlty of respec, Whou approve

dby the Colonial officethey become a art of ottr coneti-tutronal creed, but there are precedent and precedents .When the tnere caprice of an Attorné (~eneral is the.basis of an action, and-, the Imperial ~ thorities inno way support him, no. o11e will pretond that the ©z=amplo of a distant colony can prevail over t o practicefollowed in Tngland ,

We now •give the sole authority ~rhièh M,r Jolycould evoke, to vivo hie fat 1 da a vrce to . the LroutenaYtGlovernor. . We quote :, . r, ~ . . ~ . .,

The Sovereign informs, the Legislakive Assembly that fie has on thi s

I

(lay, at the Government oflic o , in acconlance with the advice of the honor-able the Attorney G~neral give the royal .a ssent to uhdermontioned Acts•of the foresl ,•esert•e presented to li im b y the Clerk of the Parliament, inpursua nce of joint stan d ing order's .

Government O11ice, 18 January•1878 .

Here follows the ad vice alltided to

It is well known that in New South Wales, New ZCIIIan d , Queenslan d

and other coloni i ~s, bills are assented to by the Governor, as a general

rule, at the g ovi,rnmeul llouse, . or at the government oflices and in the

presence of the clerk of the l'arliaments, but not in the presence of l'arlia-ment itself. In fact, the lai fer practice appears to he conlined .to Victoria,

and there is precedent for such a course in V ictoria also .1 advise .that His Excellency the Governor can legally an d constitu-

lionally give the loyal Assent at the Government olliees, or elsewh e re, to

all bills excep t the appropriation 13i11,presente d to His Excellency by the

Cle r k of Parliament, for Her M aj esty's assent,,in pursuance of joint standingorders .

Such assent should afte t«ards lie notilied by m v ssage to both ( lousesofl'arliament, according to the precedent above mentione d and_ the prac-

lice in the other colonies :Crown Law ollices, Melbourne, 18th Fan : J878 .

Itonf. R T Lt: l'otat Fne .cn . At . ( :en .. .. . . . . . . y . . . . . .

As an authority, this opinion, although it cotties from

a man of great capacity, 18 eytiivalent to suying- that

it was es5ential to take the id eas of the I-Ion . Attorney

General Ross as an infitllible r ule in constitutional

matters .AVhat is the difference between thé tt.nthority ,, of Mr

Ross and the authority - .of Mr . Le- Poer F rench ? Isit thus it is pretended that constitutional Law is -

framed ? As «'e have prev ioubly remarked Mr Le PoerFrench,' in, place ot relyin g on English , practice,searched be1o -\v and sought precedents in the, low ercolonies. Hè purely reversed matters . It may be anexample ; but certainly not all t>,rgument .

One thing principal l~y struck us in this pretention ofI~Zr Le Poer French . Why?~âcept the Supply Bill fromthis Star Chamber sanction ? Is it not, rather, the easiest'Bill to sanction ? Th e fact is that a Su pply Bill is sanc-

tioned in advance by the message of the Sovereignnsking for the moneys required . It is in this the sanç-tion consists, and this is so true, that when it cornes to

proclaiming it law the ~overeign does not ' make use ofthe usual form of sa fi ction . He makes an exceptio><i, . ,

r,

5 3~ ,

and simply thanks the I-Iouse for their libe'al1t. . It i5not said "~ lier l~Injesl~~ sunclions lhis . Bill ." ~Thls is the /form : "The King thci>itks h~s loyal sublei ;ts,acceptstheir henei,ole~i~c x~icd thus t~~ills it . " " I e Roy.remercie ses loyaux st1j et5, . ~accepte lour 6~11~vole l>c - .et ainsi 1,e v etïlt . ")

;•To the subsidy I3ill I,eya(ico it i Ihv inére, gift of t"he 'stibJect, thw

Queen's oons©nt'is not rerluirod for ttie I)assing of it, but as it is impliedin her Wtankful accelrtana, .-(I,ex Irliamentaria, p . 323 1 .

Thé supply Bill is, so to speak, la w from the momentthe two IIouses h ave actopted it. All constitutionalauthors recogniz e that the Royal sanction to this ; Billhas been gi ven by the i~essage which introduces it toboth IIouses. b o'r what rcason then does Mr. . LePoor Ii'renc li desire, in his mode of sanctioning, to makean exception in ftivor ' of a Bill Nvhich has no need ofbeing sauctioned ? It There is but one explanation ofthe case. lie perha

ks, relied on the follo w ing authority,a very respectable one, that of Hatsel l

'Che message to the Commons is only matter of cereuionv and not aa .essential torm to Lite passing of a bill, except it is a bill of Supply . `(Ilatso114 precedents, vol . 11 . 1) . 339 . )

At first sight, this appears orerwhemlinml againstus . . But we simply consider thatr Mr . Le Pôer Frenc~ihas not under tood his~'aùlhority . It does not refer tothe Royal N;~ssage foi the sanctioning of Bills, but t

o the message, of thi' Ilouse of- Lords >Inior,tning the Iiouseof Cominons' that it liaH ~ oncurred in' he adoption ofthe Bills yÿhiçh have b on sent to it .

A Té w 11fies 6ef'ore and tfter that passage explain i tThe speaher, on ltis return was very ttngry and said that on such unottieroccasion, ho wouid at the, bar, acquaint the King and Lords that n o.message h dt been brought to the Corninons, of the Lords h i ving agree dto the bill . . . . : . . . . .As to other hills(except snppl y) .the nif+ssug O of agre(3 -,nient is é form lietween the two Ilouses which th ey ought to i

,bser v u to-wards yach other, hut is not an ess~~ntj I form . t11,~ta~~il's I'rec . Vol . 11,p.339 .) ~ ~

And moreover , it is the oni ) % English authority onwhich Mr . French can rely.Now, it is possible that such a\iiiode of procedure doea

not annull the liiws' of ..Victoria ; for Victoria by no meaiis ,j)ossesses our coi>.st~tittiorio. It is noticeable that bot h~

-,54- .

the Governor and Attorney,Ci}eneral of Victoria rel,~ om,the rule of practice in force in that . Coiony, nai~ôtely, .

XV. 267 . Wtieer the Governor sl , ali lransmit by me., sqA~ to th e

Rule XV, which is as .folloy~~.a :

A55e[Aoly any (1menciment which he shall desire to be made in/ anybill `presented to him for lier Itfajcist)'s assent, the amendment shalilie'troatedand consider~l in the saine matlner as, ann"n1lrnents propo§éd by theLegislalive C incil . (Standing-orders I '

It will . be seen directly what` difference exists bet-Ween the constitution of Victoria and the constitution ofEngland or ouxs . According to the h.ftglish constitutionit is absolutely.impos,,ible for oither House to 'reconsi-der a I3i11 - which has passod three readings . This,

charter of the colony' which says ;

is so ' tirue, that in 'order to correct a alerical error,a figure in' a Bill . which had . been passed by the WCom-mons, it was * necessaiy after séverat days study ançicielibératfon, simply to secretly prevail on the clerk o fthe Lords` to -commit a forgery and to substitute onefigure for another, and one fi ne - mornulg the' House ' ofLords was obliged ' to state that it had been mistaket><the previous day and thât the right figure was in the-I3i11 . .~ :

This is the rulé of Parliament rWhen a Bill is tt#rico read and passed in the I3ous 6, thorô ought to b e

no further alteration thereof in any point .-(Gex Parliamentmia, p 380) .

This permanent -order of ;Victoria is based on the .

3 6 . It shall be lawful for the Govc rnor to transmit .iry message to thePouncil or Assembly for their coneideration any, amendment which hewould desire to be made in any biil presonted to him for Her Majosty'sAssont .-(18 and 19 Vict ., chap.55 ) , .

The constitution of Victoria does not give it a com--plete Parliament like that of , England .' (Read' the-. - 'charter still further . )

Council and the Assembly are constituted advisers of iHoW does this' ive a Parliament to Victoria . The :

onc9, at l,oast, in every year . (In9p.erial Stat . 18 and 19 Vict ., chap. 5$ . )25 . There shall hé' a session of the Council and Assembly of Victori a

ôoeVer . ° . . . ~ ~ ' ~ .

J►fejt•sty shall have power, by and with the advice and consent, of thesaidOoudcil and Assembly, to make laws in and for Victoria in qll cases what-

now subsisting, oli,ugisl$tive Council and ënd one Legislative As-emblyto be soverally constituted in the manner hereinafter p rovi ded ; and Her

Thnro shall be established in Victoria instead of Ihe [ .egislalurp Council

5 •

the Governor; and he may gi1~e force of law to their>&4y1cein the same manner as the Governor give r force

..--to the orders in Couucil of our ministers ; no more.The Governor si ns those orders in. Çouncil, when hedeems fit, and- they have force of law . This is inoônformitp j with the idea of a Colonial GoN,er><iment;such as defined by 131ackston e

Charler'goveruments are in the nature ut' eivii cury~urations, w ith thepower of making hy .laws, for their own int #- rior regal,ition, not contrary tothe laws of I;ngland, and with such rights and aiithorities as nre -Iwciall ygiven them in their several charters of incorpor,lttion . (I 13lackstone, 108 .),

. .

~ 4-We ',do not `pretend that we -are still inthis inferior iposition', : We believe, on the contrary,that Canadd has entëred a new phase of colonial politicsand that our Country is a quasi kingdom. Our Chartergiv es us to understand so, when it says :

There shall be one parliament for Canada consisting of the Queen, aq _tïpper }louse styled the Sonate and the lieuse ol' i;ômmons : '

-The defiiiiti'on of T31>3ckstoue does not apply toIthis

new state of things, And, above . all, this organization,which places the Queen at the head of our affairs, differsessentially from, the Victorin system, in no part of whichis it said that th'tit colony enjoys a Parliame) <t coiuposeclof the, Queen, & p'

. While the Legislature of Victori a is now composedonly of two brünches whose decisions are sübject tothe approval of the Governor, ours is composed of the .same three branches as the English Parliament, name-l y :-the Queon, the CQùncil and the Assem bly. Although-the public coope~ation of the two branche~ : mentionedin the Act of Victoria may be sufficient ' it is necessaryto have the public çooperation of ' the three - branchesmentioiied ' in thelct of Canada : In short, our Con-stitution is bnsed .'on the English Constitution, as is setforth in the preamble to our Charter . Then we mustneaessarily follow the English ractice and not theColonial practice, of which ouï Aarter makes no'naen-tlon. We have a complete Parl><ament ; we must ob-s©rve the practices of a Parliament .

§ 7.--Now leti its corifirm these precéde>iits, this prac=tice and this thepry by the written law . , In all whichcoiicerns Parlianhentary procedure, the American Cons-titution, it but ~ resicnié of tfie Eug lish Constitution.'

Now .is insists oI the'necessity bf the two branches of theLegislature-beili i n session to h~ve a Bill sanctioned by .

the Presideiit . .-sect . vii .-H:very bill which shall ha ve passed the IIouse of •ropreson-

tativos and Ih e tien to sbalj befure it beconie a law be urosented to the

United States~ . \

When a law has been passed and submitted-to he E xecutive for hi s

President `of the U lted States . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . If any bill shall not bereturned by the Prsident ~within ton (lays (8unday erc~~pte~l) after i t

shalt have been p ' es~nt 4'4 l to him, tho saine sha l be a Iaw in like manner

as if'ho had signed it ; unle>,s the l :oilgress, by the ndjournment, provent d

its return ; in which case'it shall not be a t ti\--(Constltuti011 ol' the

This doctrine is further developed, hus

The signing of,an r,nrolled 1 3ül by the speaker o

"

~resi~ient is an oflibiâlIact which ct►Ljftily 4o done when the House over ~ uch he presides is in

session, and a quoru pi is pres©nt th~•roin for tho ü nsaotion ôf business .

(Cushing, Law and liraclice of L~~gi s lativo Assemhli s(237 4

approval during a reçoss, and which is flled . withou al,proval, .tho lieusemay direct a ro-onrolment of the bill, that it may be again submitted fo r

approval . (Cong. Ilolo . 1 . 401h Cong . P . 512 . )

1 . In this case the President refused to ' sign the hill on the piea that

it was presented to him after congross had adjournod ; whereas a

recess only was orderM from 30 march 1867 to 3rd july 18 67 . ( p . 0, Digest

of Parliamentary La w

The President himself expla ins the reasons for this` legislation,

To conceao that under the constitution after the a djournment the presi-

tient, aft pr the a djournment of ConRress, ma y , widhout limi tation in respect

to time, exercisH the power of allproval an d thus d etermine at h ► sdiscretlon

whether or not hillsd hall becoino law, might slihjuct the Lxecutive andLegislafive d opartm o nt of the v o w+rnment to influçnoes most pernicious,

to correct l o~ gislation nn~l sn~nirl public morals,:and, with O single exception,

occurring ~lurinti the l~re v.alenco of civil war, wnuld be contrary to the os-

tablished in actic ) o f the gov ernment from its inauguration to the present

time . Thiv ))ill will, iherelore, he tile d in the office of the secretary of state

without my approval .AmnRBw .IOnN~ON ,

Washin g ton, D. C ., April 20th, 186 7 . - '

S. We need insist no further or this point . Even theprecedent of Victoria would not justify Mr . Joly for theadvice lie gave the Lt.-Goverltor, For, after all, theGovernor of Victoria signed while the two Houses

I . ~. 4.

were sittin . It'is with the cousent of the two I-fousesthat the cforks go to the Goi-erlloi' h " I-

I

1

witiiesses of the official signature ; theyswere deleop teAof the Houses . But such a delegation cannot be p ràsu- med to tict of itself, the conséut of thedeliberativebodies, who oubht to assist at the ce

cessary reino iiy, is ti~~-.

The speaker is subject to the authorit }, of the House of Comntons an - [must not contraveno it in deference to the Crown ; unle ss the Iiouse giveshim leave, he cannot even quit h195.) is chair. ( Lwald, Crown and its advisors

The Commons have been always jealous of this pri~Velege . They dismissed a Speaker who had promisec~to communicate a document to the King without th~consent of the Houses .

Anno 1, II . 5.-The Commons presented william Sturton, thoirsl~eaker I, •the 18t~~ May ; the 22nd of May, the said William Sturton made aspoochto the K i ng on the behalf of the Commons, qnd being required to eYhibitcertain articles in writing, fie undo u btedly promis ed to do so .On tho 25th of May, Sir John Dorowood did on the Commons behalfdeny that they had given their assent to exhibit the sud arti ., lo in writing .And on the 3rd of Juno, the Commons presonted the said John Doro-wood for their speakor.-(hago 244, Tho Ancient Method and Manner ofholding Parliament in England, by Henry Elsyngo, 1695 . )-May, 1604 .--No s peaker from henceforth should delivor a bill, whereof ' .-

the IIousa is possessed to any whomsoever, without leave and allowanceof the I[ouse .-(Resolutions of the Ilouse of Comuions . )-The speaker is said to be not only the mouth, but the eyes and carsof the fiouso. And honco it was that when King Charlçg I commandedthe speaker on his alligeançe to discover certain transactions, e tc ., in theIlouse, .he justly replied that he had neither eÿes to see, cars to hear, normouth'to speak, - but as the House shall direct him .-(Lex • I'ar► iamontaria,p . 277 . )

It can 4lw~ys be strictly claimed that, in Vile case ofVictoria, the two Iiouses were represented during thisoperation ; they were in a cônclition to - immediatelyle~alize this irregul~,rit }~. But ca[i so°mncli be said forth~e ; Legislati~~e Asseml~ly of Quebec, which was notpresent, nor anybody authorized to represent it in itsabse lice ? It had liot the power to consent to that ex - traorclinaryproceeding ; it haci : no iineans of thinkingand acting bei'ore the 28th Octoher, It has thereforehad no ol,portunity to correct that which ntight beWrot~ tlg In tu piocedure followed .

I

.

'§ 9.-Lt thence follows that the sanctioning o fthe Bills is illegal and that that operation comes withinthe following declaration .

Itth¢re be a restriction in a(3ov ernor'E Commission with respect to par-Ucular acts and the " restriction be not observed, his assent is a nullity.(Chalmers, p. 310, Colonial Opinions I

The validit y of certain laws was questioned on ac-count of default in the form of the royal sanction, amongothers, a Bill under Henry VIII, and 'another under .Henry VI, (Ifatsell's Precedent fi , . Vol . II p. 344). Al-though the result of those trials is tun l:nown, judgeshave admitted such cases and hear (r the pleadings, re- '

- cognizing by so doing that a breach of form in the, .sanctiol

, YIYI. -CAN THE LIEUTENANT-GOpERN R CONSTITU-TIONALLY CIRANT A DI&BOLUtON, ~

There are rnany things the constitution forbids/theJoly Government to do, since they have adjourne4'` theL© is~ativo Ase b l

e necessary .

~~ . The Liberals begin to spread tho rumor that thepwill ask for the . dissolutiou of thë House. Let is se e,first, if .the LibQrals can dissolve the Ilouse ; anif it b d then,

In the first 'place i t is doubtful if it be capable ofconveuing the House earlier, even by proelanQ,ationof . the Lieutenant Governor . The coiastitutioi a1 lawon this subject reads : ~

It would have been inded uneuual ; because if the Parliamept had beenaotually adjourned to the 4th of qpril, it'would baveboon out pf the King'spower to have called thom sooner ; and the attempt to do so' would havebeen therefore fllegal.-(1lataoll's precedents, t .vol . II . p . 31) .

Il was found necessary to pass a special law in,1800 (40 George 111. çhap. 14) to give tbe' $overeignppwar to lessen by proclamation .the deaay of andadjournment of Parliament ; but it is qués t~oiiable if

ihat law be apl)licablé hére, seeing the,t this right o fproclamation is conferred, i>.ot by prerogative, . but bT-statute, on the Sovereign,- while oui- charter olil,authorizes us to claiin those pri *vileges the Ilousesenioy .

In aliy case, the constitutional I)ractice for the dis .fiolution of the I-Iouse <liiriiig the acijoùriimeiit is, tzccoAdiug to L-Iatsel l

In all the instances that Ilave, bccurred'to me . . I do not 11n4 on eof a dissolution of•l'arliam~ qnt taking place, whilst hotu houses or eitherof them, w '-ro under a~ljuurnm ,;ni . . . . . . ., althouglr no argument con b e~(rawn from thence . (Hats, 1t's l'rcci!derrts, Vol 11 ; 1 ) . 382 .

\\~Whon Ueshorough and the coùncil of oflicers had with much flilliCUlt ypN~ailed ôu Iiichnrd Cromwell to sign a commission to dissolve his !'arlia-ment, the next morning, the Iiouso of (lonimons lrûving notice rosolvoanot ta, go ul l . So that, when V ionnes, the keopor of the great seal sont forthem to the ollrér llouse, the Commons shut the door of their House, andwould not suffer the gentleman Us~or of the Black ltocl, to come in ; andthon adjô rrned themsolves for threo days, imagining that, by,• that timethey shou~d consent . The Protector was so harasscil by the Council of oQi,-cors, th +t he prosent~ly caused a proclamation to- be issuod out, by whichho •~ declaro th e 1 ar linment to lio11ec1.(Clarendon _Itist . of th e obellion, Vol~lll, Ir ~Î. T). ^~ ~ o

In pushili4, the Itoyal prerot;ati•ve to the extrenie in acase of urgency, there is no doubt ) it would have its,effect ; but it requires, at least some extraordinary 'cir-cumstance to justif'y it ; and as there is but one - exanipleof such a pxoceckdilig in Lnglish history, that of RichardCroinwell, we fancy the Lieutenant Governor ofQuebec,would not wish to incur the disgrace Of creatiiig asecond precedent of the kind .

Moreover a clissolution, iuxder posent ciréulnstalices,would completely undo the xvork of the , session, if the •sanctioning of the Bills, on the 11th. SeI)teniber is ille-gal, and if the Lieut .-Gov ernor is obliged to go lhl'oughthat procee(lillg agalll . It is evident such a result shouldnot be risked and the country swamped with Iaw 'stiits .It would lie absurd .,to have a dissolution which would° nullify a two i tionths session .

§ 2 .---But there are other coiisidèratiolis militati>iig

\(~o~egrnmeagainsti t of the

edaeI~

proposed to be taken by ' they

It

When the Joly Goi•erllinellt vti ill tlle Llc~ut .- .Goverllor ;'• . T̀ Te «•allt e l-1 o

ectiolls, " it will be'nn acküo«~-

with those who have refusecl the suppliés,ha5 oply to say

lecigmellt t}l~lt they have tried all I Ineans and hnt•efailecl to reestablish harmony bétween the two branchesof the Lc~gislatllrc~ .

The right and clntv of the I,i k! uf .- (,I orernor «•onlcl beto immediately rep lÿ Are you sure, to settle the cli(}i-culty in that ma.lurer ? Are there no ot}ler means ofCOlnlllb► to 1 S~ltlsftlCtÔ1•y COI1Clllslon ? .

, Let ns suppose, fbr illstiulce; t}lnt a- general electio ntakes place ; and that all immense 111Rjority of t11è Pro-vince cleclarecl itself in favor of Mr. Jo1y. That will not9 i vc~ Juin tue suPplies ?-In any event, if the - -Co.illlcilpersist in tll~ir refusal, and why,sholllci they )lot _-per .sist like' the Lebislalfil e Collllcll of Victoria, «•homthe general elections clid not Ail'c,et encI< who held their :ground after reTeatecl appenls to the peôple ?

The Inenns prohosed by the Joly Go"

ernment aretherefore not infqllible . But there is anotll e'r nlcaps. H isIIonôr the I.ient.-Goveruor, by `virtue of the rlght . ]lopossesbes to Put -himself ill c6nstittilional relationship

to olle of the Legislative Cbuncillors " are you capableof p attillg tlle two House in accord with each other," ?'' certainly." .the hollorablci cotuicillor will reply " ifyou authorize us to fu ffi ish you with other adviserswho will ha~~e the coilfideïlce of both Houses . " It isprobable that the c}loiee of another government ti•hichlYOlll<1 be sustained by the two I -Iotlses wi11 - be easy ,It is but ri;ht. for the Lieut.-Go~~ernor to give the Ioly ~Government, any reasonaüle titne to arri ve at that

/resnlt, and we must remember that liberal delays have /been granted them ; but it . «-o llld be niljnst for - thecountry to have to submit to the trouble of gelleralelectiolls, Ni-ith the sole aim - of retnilliug 'Mr. Joly inpower, .w}len there is so simple a mode of • restoringharmony .

This mode of procedure is justified by a Canacianprecodent . In 1858, the Brown-Dorion administrationwt►s rofttsed a dissolution and the following is an analysie

62

of the reasons given by Sir fJdmund Ilead /(1

Creneral of Canada , roverl

ME-4011 AND I : H .

Toronto, 4t ( August, 1858 .Ilis F,xcellene}', the Governor General, fias rac ,

tal•o ~l 70d the advice of theLxecutivo ( ;ouncil to the effect that a dissolution f Yarliamont shouid .Iace .

Ili,,, ]sxcellency is, no ioubt bound to rleal fair e l,'tt I I

I

I n r r a polrtical parties ;but he has also a duty to perform to tho Queen aird to the, people of Canadaparamount to that which fie owes to any on /party, or to all parties what .soever .

The question for His I :xcolloncÿ to de~~ do is not -what is advantageousor fair for a particular party ? l3ui tiy, flat upon the wtrole is the most

• advantageous and fair for the~ people6f this provinco . . . . . . . . . . . .

It is not the duty ot'the Govepoor Cenoral to decide whetl.

. or th ~~ . actionof the two Fiuuses on [►fondayurt;lrt was, or was not in •accorolance withthe usniil cor•tesy of Parliqfirent ~ towhrds an incoming administration

. The two iiouses are, the jrtdgos of the propriety of their own Irrocuedings. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .There are man}' points which reyuire careful consideration, with refor-

eneo to a dissolution at the present time . Among those are the follotving .An election took Idac,r only lost winter . This Grct is not conclusiveagainst a second election now, but the cost and inconvenience of a suchhroceeding gre so great that they ought not to be. increased a second timewithout vyrÿ strong grounds . "

" The business of l'arliament'is not yet Iinishe~I . It is pbrhaps truo thatvery li6le which ► s ahsolulqly essential for tho country remains to beA portion, however, of the estimates and tivo bills, at h

done: 3ast, of

great importance are still bel'Q'ro the Logislative Assemblq, irrespective of}Srivate business. ' •A '

/ ; . . . . . • .4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . .I

j It w o uld scom to he the dùty of His h7xcoll t~ncy to exhaust every possiblealternative, beforo subjecting the I'rovinco for the 'second time in ttro sameyear to the cost, the inconvonierico and domoraiiration . of such •aproceeding . "~'l'he Governor G~~neral is by no means satiFfled that every altorf~ativohaspeen thus oxh iursted, or that it would be impossible for him to seouroamrnrstry who would close the business of the session, and carr y omthoadministrrition nt'tho Got~t3rttment,during the recoss, with the contidonco ofa majority oftlr o L o gislalivô Assembly .

After full and mature doliAoratioit on ' tho arguments submitted to him

of~ b word of rriorUh and in Nvriting, and with every respect for the opinionthe Council, Ilis );xcellency declines to dissolve Parliament at the present~time . :

Toronto, 41h Aùgust, 1858. EDMU"D IIsAD• ,

On receiving thio, memorandum, the majority -of thetwo Houses, expressed their satisfaction and approba-t7ion in unmistakeable terms .

The reasons alleged for the refnsal of the dissolutionaro exActly the ttame as to•day .

0

- 63

1st. The legislation is unfinished .'2nd . We have just had general elections . I /3rd. It is not sho«•n that . we • cannot find another

government c4pable of settling,.the difficulty :There is a fourth reason under the present circums-t~inces : ~' The afftiiri~ of the country have been ille ally

condiicted since the lst July, becausc >tiq supplies ~ave

lias Inot been, since the pssing of the Iteforiit Act, any refusal by the ,

been voted and it is imperatively neoessary that the :present t~nhal~l~y state of aflâirs be immediately put all"end to .

The, 'sanie doctri>Ile is nl)plied by Lord Canterbury,governor of Victoria in 1872. He told his advisers whoasked for a dissolution . ,

Momorandum for the Ilonorahlo the ChiePSccretary .

. . . .' . . . . . . .""'.""'." .•• . .•• . . . . . . . . . . .ho fact that thero

• Crown to cimply with a formal rv~commeudati(!n by a Minister of a disso-lution 1101- s not in the govern6r's opinion oAiciall) : justify the inforuncewhich Is drawn front it . And the Governor persona-ly'believos thathat iul;•renco is incorrect as regams both co!"titutional law and cons

•titutjonal practice in England, he would observe t1 ► al colorual governors, nllhough not responsible in a constitutional point of viAw to theColonial LegislaturvS, are responsible Itersonally and (lirectly to the Crown,whme servants and représentatives they_ are, and that this responsiblyindures pratically, although imlirvectly, 91

• >>d locdl,responafbliltes, more `:esnecialty ui1h regard to dissolutions, which responsihilitios have bee nconlinually tpcognised and insisted on by Colonial Legislatures and Colo-nial Stalosmun~ofevery shade of political opinion, and of which a governorcould not, (even if lie desired to do so) divest

., . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .But although the•majority in-tho receni deçision is flot of suchcha.raçter as to alford, by itself, any strong reason for supposiùg that ana ►dm{

.nistration 'furmed - front it tvottld ohtain from the present LogislatiJoAssomhly. suflicient 4uphort, to enalilo thom to condttCt thepublic business

.'successfully ; the Governor is not.t)réparrd, wilhoul further tn/ormation onthe subject, to lake loi- granlid that no such adminish'affon can be /'ar med ;and he now informs his advisers that with the view of oLtaining this infor-

mation ho dosires to place himself constitutionally in communication withthose who by the a, doptlpn ol a no conlÎdence vote in the LegislativeAssembly4avo ronderod iffipo4siblo the continuance of office of his presentadvisers, unless the L(?gislq,tïvo Assembly should be dissolved .

C.ANTIianURY. •Toorak'. 111elbntirna Zr~t _t . . .,, ~o~ n

Sllch altio viras the doctrine of `,GQverno MannereSutton, when the Legislatit~e Coupcil refus d the sup. ~plies in 1867 . He frankly declared that, inst ad of yield.1119 •a general' asse nt to his advisers, he ould haveaj )péaled to their adversaries if they had~een able to

I

,

J

64--• - ,. . . , .

form a •cabinet. '! If I had only the hope of forming, another administratiow," said he, +` I woiild have, consider-ed itmy duty to do so, " (despatch 3rd . Nov .) On the 1st .January, 1868, the Colonial Office, at London, approvedof his condûct .

.\,All this .agrees with the instructions that the colonialofl`ices gives to its governors. ,* It forbids them to favora>I>ly; party at the expense of the tranquillity of the Pro-vince, and it authoiises them ta - choose, where theydeem best, elements to form a cabinet wheïi they.see -their' adv isérs are Pow erless to ` *carry on qffairs .It goes farther still, after advising''them to refusedissolut n to the ministry . The following is an extractfrom th~instr.uctions which s 6rve as a basis for.- theconduct'of all English Goverüors .

EARL C3REIr TO LORD METCALVE .

If your advisers sucàeed in submitting {o you an arrangement to which,thereis no objoçtion, you ought naturally to continue them in oflice aslpng as they give satisfaction . But. if the .present .(ExHcut ►ve) Councilcannot pPoposean arrangement to you that ydu can accept ; your mostllattiral step will be, in accordance 2ailll the praclice in this pnrlicularcasès,l P address oursel/'to the opposlteparty ; and if you can Ilnd theré th16

• elements olZi satisl$ctorÿ c0uncil, Tnr.HF.' WILL BE NOTHING lhUBCI'LA11 ONYOUR PA11T IN DI6SOLVING THB ASSEDf111 ;ti' ON T11EIn A[)\'1( :E . Ttlat will be th eonly means of removing the difliculties, otherwise inévitable,.-of con-ducting the affaips of the country in a constitutional mrinner . (Grey, Colo

. niai Policy, vol, 1 p; 51Q, )

§ 3,--To sum up all e`that is in . accordance with the-constitut.ional author.ities whic~- speak for themselves .

Earl Grey says ;• Upon subh an occasion, 'the 'Sovereign olight by no meaps to be a

passive instrument, in thQ hands of his ministers ; it is not, merely hisr~ght, but his duty to exe4ise his judgment in the advic6 they mity tenderto him . And though, by refusing to act upon• that .adviCe, he incurs aserious•responsibi~y if"they should, in the end, prove toaie supported b y

, . . phblio opinion there is, perhàps ; no case-in which t,his responsibility maybe more safely and more usefully incurred, than when the ministers ask tobe allowed to appeal to the people from it decision pronounced agains

t thom by the Houso of Commons. For- they might prefer this. request-° when -there was no probàbility 9f the vote of the }iouse being reversed by ~

the nation and when the measure would be injuriousto the public interests .In such cages the Sovereign ought, clearly, Lo refuse to allow a dissolutiox . .(Grey, Parliamentary Gov . p . 80) . ~ •

.

~ Here is another high authorit y. A valuablè'security against the improper exercise of this prerogative isl

that, before a dissolution can take place, it must be clearly approved of by- .~ - .» . - . .

tho .sovereign, after all the circumstances shall have been explained to himand fie shall have dûly considered them . (Wellington in Peel's Memoirs,vol . II, p . 300) .

Todcl, speaking of complaints macle by, the Houses orby differènt memhers against the Government, say s

But-in ex tremç cas ;:s, when it may be advisâblô to endeavour to recon-cile conJlictin ; opinions~and reconciliate rival parties, we are warrauted byconstitutional precedent in claiming for the sovereign a'right to interpose,

- and with the weight which beldngs to his 'olevated' position, to offe rcounsei and .advice to any in(luential stalesmen, ihrespectivo of their parti-culai' standing towards the existingaclministràtiop . But such an act ofinterposition is only suiti ► ble as a last resource' to restore harmony to thebody .pQl,itic . (Todrl, vol . 2, p . 206) .

It rs not a let;itirnate use of th is prerogative to- resprt to it, ' when nograve political rlu'esti°l3n is iliroctly at issue between -t}' ►e contending partiesand merely in order to mÂintainTMin power the particular ministérs wh

o 1101 (1 the reins of government. The diisolution in ..1834 has been impeachedon tliis ground . (Todd,•vol . if, p . hou .)

Sir Robert Peél says :fhose meas ►u'es having thus become law, I do not feel that we should

be justlbed, for any subordinate consideration, for,the mere interests ofgover(iamt or IrartV, in'advising tho'r ;xercise of the prerogativo to wJhichI have refered and the dis~olvtion of I'arliamont . I fpel very strongly- thabno admiuistratiorn is lortilied in advising thô exorcise of that prèrogative,nnless thosro Iw a raasonnble presumption, a strong moral conviction'in-steed, that alter a dissolution they woi►Id be enabled to adminrster theall•,iirs of the country, throtrl,h the support-of a party sufficiently powerfulto carry their measlf'res . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .

. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. ~. . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .~!. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .I do hot thiuk a diqksoluti.on justiliable for the purjiose " merely ofstrengthening a part), . '!Jin power of dissolution is.a great instrument inthe- hands of the Crown ; and it would have a tendency to blunt the ins-trument if ► t were emplo~'ed without grave necessity . (tlansard vo) . 87,p . 1042.1 , .

This great statesmiln, tilthonbh interested in ttskina *for the dissolution ' of the House, at the time of the 'forms,tio7i of his' Cabinef, n'rites in his memoirs : ~

I shall forever remember the remark of Lord C.larendon, at the commen-ceme>~f his llislo>'y o/' (hç Rerolulion, on the bad :alfecls of thÇ untimelyexeror, of the right of. Iioval prerogativo ;11 no man" said fie, << can showmo the ourco from whence these bitter waters wc now taste flow, asthese ►mreasonable and precilritale rlissolutions of Parliament," andfarther 11 the passion and disorder which troubles Parliament can neitherbe appeased nor banislréd by a dissolution, which is ofa'stil I more passionatenaturo." One may redily call to mind that Mr . Pitt did not immediatelydissolve Pârliamont , on his elevation to power in 1783 . (iliemoirs ofSir Robert Peel, French 'version . 2nd yol . pages 49•51) .

I consider that no ministrÿ ought to advise the Sovereign to dissolveParliament, without a mordl•. certainty, that the dissolution will bnabl e

5 ~

them to continue the direction of the' "vernment of the country, 'andw ill give them in t'arliamént a decided majority ot' aetive partisans .

The prospect of ohtaining a stronger majority cannot ju s tify it dissolu-tion .

Dissolutions which comis ..tô nothing are, in genèral, preju , licial to theauthority of tha Cro wn . S ttcct•edinf; one another rapidly, they d iminishthn ellic• ;tcy of apowel fuI inq trunient f,~iven to lie Crowii for its ( It :' , nc,• .

'I'i .e ili>sointi n hy th . . whigs In 184I was,_ in any opinion, an 5tnjus=titia b le act . ' l'h(, dissolution at the hresent - moment would be equally ,unjuslitiable, if the result would likely be th,, same . * •

)Vhy should we app,al to the country ? Cortainly not for the merep er sonal inl e rest we w iglit have to know if we were right in submittRigthe corr .ta'ws . Such an appeaÎ tnttst cictermine d by some la'inciple . ( Iclontpat;e6.) ► ,

earh says :,

I

'Again, where no }rolitical question is at issue but the oh,iF•~~t• is merelythe advantage ot',i I~trticular party, th'erc is }to I~ro},ei' casts for a dissolu-tiou . (M.-arn, Gw:ernnucirt of England, 1) . I06 .t _

l'ho last ol'those evonts, indeVIl, is a co! :spicttous rrsamph, r•f the violationof thoso tn'i[lei l les'whic.h usu,tlly rogulate the ea~~r~~i of'this lirerol ;ati%e .Its irnruo~liàto+ caus~~ was avote of the, Il~uss o1' Cumtuons ativerse to•tlteItctüi'm Bill which Lord Ilrrby's ministry had intrciduced : But there wasnuthing iii the- state of the country, at thctt timi, lô n+n&r the rejectedmvasure essential to the proper administration of public tlfairs . 'l'herewas no such agitation a-, that which, in 1832, lia il threati•ne4 civil war .13oth before this Bill and aller it, other lieform Bills tvilre laid a~id-t tvilli-ottt any material disltu'haneo of the public e,lnanintity . -'l'he t!arlia!nnnttoo, wa: onl}'• in its second vear, and nulhiü6 : ;.inc«+ its c leclion h,111occurred to exci,o a re~picion that the existing Iloiust*c,f Cornmons di l notlùirty repr,rseut•the sovne of' Ili-'! natiou . i'Iho rninistr•rs (!eclared that theyexpected to have ahout tltree hunclrecl srlt)tlol'tera in the new l'nrliamént .'I he\' could not thereforc have felt a strong moral conviction that the y

/ would have a majority sufficient to enablo tltein tb carry on the govertf-, me.nt. At tite time of the dissoliïtion the state of public alfairs was ~'ery

nlili'fn 1 nr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: . . . . . .. . . . . . .At, c N sî,lulio n , l h e n , ritr W Ge rctiai'clcil as a mere 1 a7Y,l incisure and, assu c /t, co,rtes w il/tin(he ei/u - ess caiclcmnatio;t of Sir,/foherf Peel . 111• arn ,lr .ï 159 . )

191 p . 1711 .}. _ 9

The following is Gladstou e's opinion : .The ri~ht lion . Gentleman speaks as if this resort to a dissolution au , ]

aclvice of tr nal dissolution =wore an e v ery day practice . What are theinstances ol'such a resort ? the case of 1811. is a doubtful precedent . . . . . .

. , . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : : . : . Very well, if the right honorable• fieritlemcin does not take that for grant e d he onl,y enables me the more

broadly to question his proposition, and to,ask him to show rue from t}tohistory of this countr y , and from the };r,mt constitutional authorities, otherthan memhers of the Government of Lord Derby, where the doctrine islatcl'clown that, irreshecti N e of other consideration, an administration, asan existing administration, is entille i l to mako an appeal to the country acondition provious tô its resignation of oflico . ( Gladstono, Hansard, vol .

I do not lay down the doctrine that anÿ ministry has tho right to apreal_ to the country hefore resigning ; but I challenge and deny the doctrinethat all ministers have the right to appeal to the .country . . . . . . . . : ;7 here are two conditions, as it appears to me, which are uecessary in'

order to make an appeal to tho•cnwitry by a Govr+rnruent whose existenceis menaced, a legitimate appenl . . 'I'hu~ first of them is that theno shouldbe an adequate cati se of Public polic) ; and the second of them is thatthere should be a rational prosliect of a rev,•rsnl of the vote of the. flouseof Commôns,--I(;1adstone, Ilansnr(l, vol . IJI, h ...1713 ) .

I entirely question this title of Governments, -as govern file nl~i, to putthe country, as a•mntter of coursp, to tire cost• thv rlelav, and the trorihleof a dissolution to`ilelerrnine the yuetiorn of their uwn r•xi~tenre . . . . . . . . . . . . : . .ttie only question ; for the s ;zk,+of whichltli e ife1Ifonr

l ,l,o 11°'1 to say tha tright ~nlletnan thourihllit to advise Her Majesty, in the lace of grcat public , inconvynience, to -dis~-olve,the 1!resent l' ;irl! ;iinc•rrt, with (h #-- eortainlv of' another dissolution

irnlwnding withen few moiiths, possibly six or, nine months aftertvat•ds-the only question, I si v~ 1i!r [lie sak , s of which lie ~;avi! that advice was, intruth, the ftueslion cT his own ministerial rxisturtce . I do not wish to beresponsible by my silencu for allowtng thest

:item~'nt of that advice l) th e llouse"to lra-~s without notice; that l, for mw, do not think that th ;, ribht 'hon. gentleman who gave it was nctirrg in the iirjt of the constitution,

and I am !r~•artily and thorouf,l ► ly fla,l that that a lvic~!, though t~,ndercrlwas not acc~ait#A. (Gladstone, Ilrumu•rl vol . 191, 1!, 1713 and 171i .)

Loird Derby sy~ys :

The Sovereign is not th o mere aulornaton 01' Inr'jllet of 010 b ovçof the rnmt+ntrlay ; sliw rxr,rcises a beni.lici ;il inlluence anil corn rot over the affairof the state ; uni it is the ( lttty of the 1linister sfor th ime hcin ~mitting any proposition For the assent of lir•r \I,rj t oto ~i,c satisftictortreasons that suclr liro P ositions are call ed for by p u b lic )~ lan f lby public inler ( sls . It' the ju :lilii~I,~~w!rci~~n is flot s ; l tis'iér) with th~ ; a :l~icetendered to IIer-il; cilher l'roni ths suggestions of' Il r o~l!)iobj ections which 1111N, be Fu" .•,,, r Mill l, or G ()Il lh„ ,tçil to Her by oth in lillin~ Utat high rôu-fldential situation tu which k have rr~ferrerl, Her 11aj~•sty iS'ï - T Olllllien thatshe will rtot accept 0h 0 a d vice O t'th o re z l!onsi b lo \liuist~ r of the C rthe course of the, Crown and of, the Nlinislr r is er]unli olir n . l'he_ ~ourst ;or lhe (:rown is to refuse to arcelit tirai arl~•ice, ol't~te lfiiristcr, anl1 U :~•inevitable c.onscrjuenLe to (ho \linist~•r woulil lrr th e te ! f~ r of* his ►`c~i .•na-tion . %4F.ar1 of Derby, Ilans,u•ri .>clt . \\X,%l')lr . 1 0 3 .an , ( I0 9 .1A governmént slionld'iiot press i1 l~ori the ' So~-er~~ib

f a- ;-to ;jrant a dissolution, Zi he so~-erei~li should be leltctultc iee .

This doctri niç . was put into l)iactice by Disraeli iiithe following manlier :But at the saine titire, \\=itti the full c.,) nci►rrenco;'of my colleagues, I~ .representerl to Iler Dt~jr~sty that there were imlioctant occasions on whic hit ~t~as-wise that the Sovereinn shoulrt itot ho emharrasse(i

J)y persqnalclaims, however corislitulional, valid, ôr meritorious ; and tirai , if lierMajesty were of opinion, that the yuestion at issue coulû bo more satisfae•torily settled, or the just interestf th e va country more studied by the

immediate retirement -of th© , present @ovorninent from office we we

to nne to be'contr,t-endable . (Ilansard, vol . 19 1, p . 1730 . )

• old usages of Parliament, and there is not h member who will rlitfer fromme on that point . lie asks this from us in eider to wüintain in o/ficea ntütorily toho•came into power through ceitain ri,(,ans'ichtrh do not seen ,

jFIeré is )d oli><i Bright's opinion :The honorable gentleman tisks us (by that dissolution) to 11 • a i 111 3

prepared to quit Her 1lfajosty's service imme,liately, with no other feelingbut that whichevory minister who ha"s serve the Queen . must possessnamely, of gratitude to tier Maj•sty for the warm coustitutioqal supportwhich she alwâys gives to Her ministers, and, I may add-as it is, atruth which canrtot Ve concealed-for the aid and assistance which everyminister receives fror a bovereig who now has had such a vast exlie-rience of'publicL atTai s . (Disraeli, fiansarrl, vol . 191 p . 1 705 .) _,-

dissolved parliament at that time, we shouill have l~ o rr, li ihl, : to the objeo'tion stated by Sir Jtobert Peel in tB i 6G, l'Irnt it ~~•,ur~~l have been so un-

derstood and r~prc Lntc~i-in order to maiutain a part y ,in I,owl-r,. üu~l tha tthat was not a legitimate use of tl,e hrerog,~ti~~+ of lhe ~ rown . ln the nrxtplace, it tvould have been ~lissolving, rarti,unent li,•fnre the Supplies forthe army and navy, and bel'ore_tlre minjster's Hill had l,tsse~l ; and in thestate of alTairs g~rnt~rall}•, I did not think it wi5è~to a"lvise. the Crotvn to'take such a step . (llansar~l, vol . 119, 1) . 1070

On the other. hand, Lord .Johli Russell stiys ;'''here were two circumstances at that time on, w c t! t' f

so ansar VOL .o(. J, p. 1075 .) _

rmo mrnrsto, or - a partrcular parly shoulrl r,~,na,n in ollice . And when SirRobert I'eel,'irr 1846, explained his conilüct in having dcclin,,l tn proposeto,,or to advise lier Diaj,?sty to dissolve this ll~n,se, I~earis,~' it was hisopinion tlrat that was a nmos,l,,lelicate anrl sa, •red- lv,•rcl .,ti~~e ot'the. t :rownand ought not to be . exercised for the purpose of any individual whomig l tt be at the hearl of allairs, or for the purl,ose of any party. Now,that entirely agrees with my opinions . And wher~I olï'ere,1-my resignationto Her Majesty to dissolve the then Parliament I was acting logically .-(Lord -John Rus 11 II d i t

- But it is quite another matter wh,et l the question is whether a t,articular F

He says agtti>Ii : •

elections ~vhich they carried on themsel i-es at their ow».~leàsuré . 'mhey - cai>inot e1-en allege the abolition of the,Le;islative' Council, as they appear to have chatibedthéir mind oll that (~lil'St1o11~ by not submitting a Inea-sùre- duriii4 .-this session for the abolition of that body-so, tl; ey caiinot ,preteud that ~ this matter is before the'country . -~ They' `vithdrew. : it themselves out of dis----

.• ment has, ito now, fact to briiig forw orcl sine 1ie last -

~ 4 . -=- We " neeçl no.t make any_ . môr:e cqilota.tlons toprove that point . ` It is_ clitite eertain that the oj-eri-

We cannot understand what the . liberals wish toestablish by setting forth their right to obtain a disso-lution on the authority of the following . quotation fromTodd :--(Vol. II, p. 405) .

A dissolution niav properly take place on account of the disputes be-twer,n the two liousos,ot' I>arliament, w/i ich have rendere<t it impossible for1110" to work loqetller in harmony, but happily there have been no casvsOf this kind sinc(3 the complète establishment of Parliamentary Govern-nurnt . whonever thero is reason to bel ;eve that the llouse of Commonslloés not represent the opinions and wishes of the nütion, ty)on this ground,ever since 178~, it has been complCtely established as the rule of the Cons-titution, that when the House , , of Commons refusés its cpnfrdence to th

e Ministers of' the Crown, the yoestion whether, ih rloin6 so it lias correctlyexpressed the opinion of the country may properly be tested by a dissolu .tion . " At the saine page, in note one, occurs the following ;" It wasin 1831, 185'2, . 1857, 1 ;359, and 1868, iipon the Irish Church question .

Todd here refers to the case of an understandiug" 'between the two Houses being absolutejy impossible .

But, thank Heaven, we are •not in that positiori .Pvery one . knows that -there is asimple and speédyyvay of settling the question. There are in the Legis-lative Assembly, as it is at present constituted, the.elements of a' strongând able government, to whichthe Legislative Council is read~y, to grant-the Supplies .So that the .dissolution of the House is not necessary t o--put an end to the present confliét. The Joly q-overn

-ment can demand it for party purposes only, and withthe object of remaining in office, which is contrary toall constitutional priiiciples .