notes - causes of civil war

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    DISUNION

    Prelude to the US Civil War

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    Presidents between 1829-1861:

    7. Andrew Jackson (2)8. Martin Van Buren

    9. William Henry Harrison

    10. John Tyler*

    11. James K. Polk

    12. Zachary Taylo13. Millard Fillmo

    14. Franklin Pierc

    15. James Buchan

    16. Abraham Linc

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    Missouri Compromise (18

    In 1818, Missouri sought admission to the Union as a slave-holdinAfter two years of bitter debate, the Missouri Compromise was aThis compromise admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave statadmitted Maine as a free state to maintain the balance in the Secompromise prohibited slavery north of latitude 36 30 in the LPurchase territory, with the exception of Missouri, and allowed

    that line.

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    Tariff of 1828Congress passed the Tariff of 1828,

    known as the Tariff of

    Abominations. The tariff earnedthis nickname because it madeforeign products expensive forpeople to buy, especially if they didnot have industry in their regionproducing similar items. This wasthe case in the South, which mainlyproduced raw materials. The resultwas a sectionalist division in whichsome Southerners demandednullification, or succession.

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    Nat Turners Rebellion (18Nat Turner, a slave, along with

    about 60 other slaves led aviolent rebellion that resulted inthe deaths of more than 50Virginians. Nat and many otherswere brutally executed for theirpart, or suspected part, in therevolt. Nat Turners Rebellionstruck long-term fear in thehearts of slave owners, whichcaused them to place newrestrictions on slaves and

    prompted a national debate onthe slavery question.

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    Tariff of 1832

    Also known as the Compromise Tariff, the Tariff of 1832 was pCongress in an attempt to appease the South after the Tariff of 1Unsatisfied, John C. Calhounresigned from the vice presidenSouth Carolina issues an Ordinance of Nullification, which declatariffs unconstitutional and would not be honored within the sovof South Carolina. PresidentAndrew Jacksonissues his Procl

    Regarding Nullification, explaining its unconstitutionality and puse military force, if necessary. South Carolina repeals the OrdinNullification after a new tariff is passed. Henry Clay, Senator fKentucky, is the voice of reason and temporarily quiets the sectfight.

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    Compromise of 1850The compromise admitted California

    as a free state, and the inhabitants ofthe territories of New Mexico,Nevada, Arizona, and Utah would beallowed to decide whether or not topermit slavery in their territorieswhen they applied for statehood. The

    compromise included the FugitiveSlave Act, which denied capturedblacks legal power to prove theirfreedom and required U.S. marshalsand deputies to help slave ownerscapture their property

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    Uncle Toms Cabin(1852)Published in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of

    1850, it had sold two million copies worldwidewithin two years of being published. After theBible, Uncle Toms Cabin was the highest sellingbook of the 19th century. Written by HarrietBeecher Stowe, the novel was told the horrifictale of a slave being sold, bought, chased, and

    eventually beaten to death. President Lincolnread Uncle Toms Cabin before announcing theEmancipation Proclamation in 1862, and whenhe met Stowe, he exclaimed, So this is the littlewoman who started this great war!

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    Bleeding Kansas (1856)

    Border Ruffians from Missouricrossed into Kansas to claimresidency, and then vote forKansas to become a slave state.This crime against Kansasnearly led to murder on the

    Senate Floor, and then led to abattle in Lawrence, Kansasbetween abolitionists and slaveowners.

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    Dred Scott Decision (1857)Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom on

    the grounds that since his master hadtaken him to live in free territories, heshould be free. The controversialdecision of the U.S. Supreme Courtstatedthat no slave or descendant of aslave could be a U.S. citizen. As anon-citizenand a slave viewed as property,Scott was not entitled to file suit. TheCourt also ruled that Congress had nopower to exclude slavery from theterritories; therefore, the MissouriCompromise and other legislationlimiting slavery were unconstitutional.

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    nco n- oug as e a es(1858)

    These debates betweenAbraham

    Lincolnand Stephen Douglas,sponsor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act,were primarily over the issue ofslavery. While Douglas was a moderateattempting to save the union, Lincolnwas a revelation. The debates forgedLincoln into a prominent nationalfigure and solidified his RepublicanPartys anti-slavery platform. Thedebates traveled all around Illinois,lasted over 2 hours, and still had linesoutside trying to force themselves in.

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    John Browns Raid (1859)

    Abolitionist/zealot John Brown and22 other men raided the USArsenal in the town of HarpersFerry, Virginia, hoping to arm andfree slaves. Brown and his raiderscaptured many of the towns most

    important citizens and held themhostage. Within 24 hours, Brownwas captured and convicted oftreason, murder, and conspiracyto incite slave rebellion. He washanged that December.